CN103532788A - Detection equipment for flow of EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) terminal user - Google Patents
Detection equipment for flow of EPON (Ethernet Passive Optical Network) terminal user Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103532788A CN103532788A CN201310511305.4A CN201310511305A CN103532788A CN 103532788 A CN103532788 A CN 103532788A CN 201310511305 A CN201310511305 A CN 201310511305A CN 103532788 A CN103532788 A CN 103532788A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- data
- optical
- epon
- signal
- fpga
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000013481 data capture Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004148 unit process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to detection equipment for a flow of an EPON terminal user. The detection equipment consists of two parts, namely a data acquisition unit and a data processing unit, wherein the data acquisition unit is realized by adopting a passive optical device; the passive optical device consists of two divided optical splitters; a splitting ratio of one optical splitter is 1:99; a splitting ratio of the other optical splitter is 35:65; 99% of optical branch and 65% of optical branch are welded together; the data acquisition unit is formed by combining the two divided optical splitters; 99% of optical branch of one optical splitter and 65% of optical branch of the other optical splitter are welded together; and the data acquisition unit is provided with an SC fiber interface A, an SC fiber interface B, an SC fiber interface C and an SC fiber interface D. The detection equipment has the benefits that data processed by the EPON terminal user is acquired and resolved by using the equipment; all data information processed by the terminal user in a network of an EPON system can be observed in real time by relevant departments conveniently; corresponding measures can be taken in case of any abnormal situations; and a network security event is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to network communications technology field, particularly a kind of EPON terminal use flow detection device.
Background technology
EPON (EPON) is the Main Means of the network of realizing that Fiber to the home.EPON network organizing and data have its distinctive agreement and frame format, the common equipment detecting for Ethernet data, None-identified EPON network data, for correct identification EPON network data, the information security of maintaining network transmission, therefore need to design a kind of EPON terminal use flow detection device, be used for realizing EPON Data Analysis and be packaged into Ethernet data.Make up the deficiency of alumnus's technology.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, for an EPON terminal use flow detection difficult problem, a kind of EPON terminal use flow detection device is provided, and this equipment is mainly used for the checkout equipment to EPON (EPON) terminal use (ONU) data traffic.Adopt a series connection minute letter mode to obtain signal, all packets on collection network circuit also carry out protocal analysis, data message is reduced, and analyze the flesh and blood of transmission.Network data analysis has a wide range of applications in enterprises and institutions and associated safety field, to realize network traffic recording and analysis, network event record etc.
The present invention realizes by such technical scheme: EPON terminal use flow detection device, is characterized in that
By data capture unit, data processing unit two parts, formed;
Described data capture unit adopts Passive Optical Components to realize, Passive Optical Components is comprised of the optical splitter of two one-to-two, the splitting ratio of one of them optical splitter is 1:99, and another optical splitter splitting ratio is 35:65, and 99% optical branch and 65% optical branch are welded together.
For the optical splitter of 1:99, the insertion loss of its input interface to 1% minute support interface is 20dB, to the insertion loss of 99% minute support interface, is 0.2dB.For the optical splitter of 35:65, the insertion loss of its input interface to 35% minute support interface is 4.5dB, to the insertion loss of 65% minute support interface, is 2dB.
Data capture unit is combined by the optical splitter of two one-to-two, and the optical branch of 99% optical branch of one of them optical splitter and another optical splitter 65% is welded together.Data capture unit has A, B, C, 4 SC optical fiber interfaces of D.For EPON system descending data, signal is inputted by A mouth, and the signal of C mouth output is the downstream signal that equipment obtains, and insertion loss is 20dB, and the signal of B mouth output is in order to complete former EPON line signal transmission.For EPON system uplink data, signal is inputted by B mouth, and D mouth output signal is the upward signal that equipment obtains, and insertion loss is 4.5dB, and A mouth output signal is in order to complete former EPON line signal transmission.The signal of C interface and D interface output is delivered to Back end data processing unit and is processed.
Described data processing unit is connected and composed by photoelectric conversion module, sudden-occured mode digit-restoring special chip and fpga chip, signal acquiring unit is sent the light signal obtaining into photoelectric conversion module, after changing into the signal of telecommunication, receive sudden-occured mode digit-restoring chip, bursty data is recovered and carry out reduction of speed processing, output 10bit parallel data is sent into FPGA and is carried out protocol analysis and conversion.Optical module adopts OLT optical module and the ONU optical module of Wuhan telecommunications devices (WTD), and special chip adopts the TLK1211 of Texas Instrument (TI), and fpga chip adopts the XC6VLX130T of Sai Lingsi (XILINX);
Data processing unit adopts respectively OLT optical module and ONU optical module to carry out the reception of data, realizes the opto-electronic conversion of data.The special chip TLK1211 of employing TI completes the recovery of upstream data; Downlink data adopts the Serdes of FPGA to carry out clock and data recovery, FPGA receives inside that first the upstream data of EPON and downlink data carry out the decryption oprerations of data, FPGA resolves for upstream data, obtain the key that data encryption adopts, then according to the numbering of key, corresponding downlink data is decrypted, the downlink data after deciphering carries out protocol conversion operation together with upstream data, generate Ethernet data frame format, then by the Serdes interface of FPGA, export.
Beneficial effect is: by using EPON terminal use flow detection device that the handled data of EPON terminal use are obtained and resolved, can facilitate the handled total data information of relevant departments' Real Time Observation terminal use in the network of EPON system, when there are abnormal conditions, take appropriate measures, avoid the generation of network safety event.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1, EPON system data transmission schematic diagram;
Fig. 2, EPON data capture unit connected mode schematic diagram
Fig. 3, data capture unit schematic diagram;
Fig. 4, ethernet frame and EPON frame comparison diagram;
Fig. 5, data processing unit process chart;
Fig. 6, data resolution module process chart;
Fig. 7, data capture unit hardware configuration connect block diagram;
Fig. 8, data processing unit hardware configuration connect block diagram.
Embodiment
For a more clear understanding of the present invention, describe in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments the present invention in detail
EPON terminal use flow detection device, is comprised of data capture unit, data processing unit two parts;
Be illustrated in figure 7 data capture unit hardware configuration and connect block diagram, data capture unit adopts Passive Optical Components to realize, Passive Optical Components is comprised of the optical splitter of two one-to-two, the splitting ratio of one of them optical splitter is 1:99, another optical splitter splitting ratio is 35:65, and 99% optical branch and 65% optical branch are welded together.
Be illustrated in figure 8 data processing unit hardware configuration and connect block diagram, data processing unit data processing unit is connected and composed by photoelectric conversion module, sudden-occured mode digit-restoring special chip and fpga chip, signal acquiring unit is sent the light signal obtaining into photoelectric conversion module, after changing into the signal of telecommunication, receive sudden-occured mode digit-restoring chip, bursty data is recovered and carry out reduction of speed processing, output 10bit parallel data is sent into FPGA and is carried out protocol analysis and conversion.Optical module adopts OLT optical module and the ONU optical module of Wuhan telecommunications devices (WTD), and special chip adopts the TLK1211 of Texas Instrument (TI), and fpga chip adopts the XC6VLX130T of Sai Lingsi (XILINX);
The present invention is for the checkout equipment to EPON (EPON) terminal use (ONU) data traffic.
The mode that adopts series winding to win the confidence is obtained signal, and all packets on collection network circuit also carry out protocal analysis, data message is reduced, and analyze the flesh and blood of transmission.Network data analysis has a wide range of applications in enterprises and institutions and associated safety field, to realize network traffic recording and analysis, network event record and to intercept Data Communication in Computer Networks.Nowadays Access Network is progressively to broadband, synthesization, diversification and fiberize development, and the final developing goal of access in radio is to realize that Fiber to the home (FTTH), so that unified Integrated Service Access Platform to be provided.The means of the current FTTH of realization have EPON and two kinds of modes of GPON, and EPON terminal use flow detection device is for the checkout equipment to EPON network user's deal with data.
Adopt EPON terminal use flow detection device can obtain the handled all data of terminal use (ONU), so that rear end equipment is to operations such as the analysis of network data, processing.
Philosophy and technique is realized:
EPON terminal use flow detection device is comprised of two parts, and first, data capture unit.The second, data processing unit.
Data capture unit adopts Passive Optical Components to realize.
EPON system adopts single fiber bi-directional mode to transmit data, as shown in Figure 1.The data that sent to user side ONU equipment by terminal OLT device are downlink data, and for the forms of broadcasting are carried by 1490nm light, the data that sent to terminal OLT device by user side ONU equipment are upstream data, for burst form is carried by 1310nm light.
As shown in Figure 2, to on simple optical fiber, obtain the signal of both direction, do not affect again the communication of legacy network, can adopt two optical splitters to integrate, and calculate the splitting ratio of optical splitter, to meet former EPON circuit transmission demand and EPON terminal use data-detection apparatus to accepting the demand of luminous power.
For downlink data, OLT equipment luminous power is for being less than or equal to 2dBm, the insertion loss of process 4dB in transmitting procedure, during arriving signal acquiring unit, be less than or equal to-2dBm, ONU received optical power is be more than or equal to-26dBm, consider optical link loss 1dB, ODN spectrophotometric unit insertion loss 20dB, signal acquiring unit output downlink data luminous power requires be more than or equal to-5dBm.
For upstream data, ONU equipment luminous power is for being less than or equal to 0dBm, the insertion loss of process 1dB in transmitting procedure, ODN spectrophotometric unit insertion loss 20dB, during arriving signal acquiring unit, be less than or equal to-21dBm, OLT received optical power is be more than or equal to-30dBm, considers optical link loss 4dB, and signal acquiring unit output upstream data luminous power requires be more than or equal to-26dBm.
The upstream data received optical power of simultaneously considering EPON terminal use flow detection device is be more than or equal to-30dBm, and downlink data received optical power is be more than or equal to-26dBm.The distribution of signal acquiring unit to splitting ratio as shown in Figure 3.
A mouth connects OLT mono-side optical fibers, and B mouth connects ODN mono-side optical fibers, introduces the insertion loss that is less than 3dB in former EPON circuit, C mouth output downlink data, and light splitting 1% obtain-22dBm meets be more than or equal to-26dBm.D mouth output upstream data, light splitting 35% obtain-26dBm meets be more than or equal to-30dBm.
The realization of data processing unit:
The standard that EPON transfer of data system is followed is IEEE802.3ah, is on the basis of ethernet frame structure, to have done some expansions to carry EPON data message with this.EPON system data transmission mechanism feature is as follows:
1, downstream data flow adopts broadcast technology;
2, upstream adopts TDMA technology, is bursty data pattern;
3, transmission line speed is descending/up: 1250 Mbit/s/1250 Mbit/s;
4, downlink data transmission does the encryption process;
5, depending on transmission range, determine whether to add FEC coding;
As shown in Figure 4, EPON Frame has been done following expansion on the basis of ethernet frame structure.
1, Flag position (bit 1): stir mark, represent whether this frame is stirred, wherein; 0: expressly; 1: ciphertext.
2, Key_Index position (bit 0): cipher key index, the cipher key number that indication ONU will adopt in separating agitation.
When stirring function is closed, the value of Key_Index position should be " 1 ".
Data processing unit has been combined by optical module, special chip and FPGA, and handling process is as Fig. 5.
Processing for EPON upstream data:
EPON upstream data and downlink data adopt dedicated optical module to carry out the reception of data, realize the opto-electronic conversion of data.In EPON system, upward signal is burst mode, and data are from different nodes, and the time delay of process is not identical with decay, has caused the difference of outburst mode optical signal and traditional light signal.Between the time slot that different ONU send, there is SPA sudden phase anomalies.Therefore, OLT must realize the synchronous of phase place in cell arrives the very short time (in several bits), and then receives data.Here adopt the special chip TLK1211 of TI to complete the recovery of burst mode data.
Data resolution module is completed by fpga chip.Handling process is as Fig. 6.
The GPIO that the 10bit parallel data of TLK1211 output is sent to FPGA does the decoding of 8B/10B, downlink data can directly be delivered to and in FPGA SerDes, do clock and data recovery and do 8B/10B decoding simultaneously, decoded 8bit data (data that comprise uplink and downlink) are judged whether to have added FEC coding, EPON system is supported two-way forward error correction (FEC) function, the data that can be configured to transmission by management frames depending on the demand of transmission range are added FEC and are encoded, as added FEC coding and separated FEC operation, separating FEC completes and data are delivered to next module does frame alignment.
EPON system descending adopts the forms of broadcasting, in order to solve the safety problem existing in network, to sending to the downlink data of each ONU to be encrypted transmission.First the initialization by key completes the mutual of key, OLT broadcast transmission key request frame periodically downwards in addition, and up management frame data passes to OLT equipment by key, more after new key, the key with new is completed to the encryption of downlink data.For the mutual and renewal of key, device decrypts module must correctly be extracted key and also identify accurately the deciphering that the numbering of key completes downlink data.For upward signal, first judge Frame or for the management frames of cipher key interaction, if Frame is directly delivered to next processing module, if the management frames of cipher key interaction is therefrom taken out key, the deciphering module of key being given to downstream signal, is decrypted downstream signal.
After Data Analysis completes, the lead code of Frame is reduced into the form of ethernet mac frame preamble code, serdes interface by FPGA sends to the special chip 88E1111 of physical layer to process Ethernet data, then through after network transformer isolation with RJ45 electrical interface formal output.
According to the above description, in conjunction with art technology, can realize the solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1.
a kind ofePON terminal use flow detection device, is characterized in that, data capture unit, data processing unit two parts, consists of;
Described data capture unit adopts Passive Optical Components to realize, Passive Optical Components is comprised of the optical splitter of two one-to-two, the splitting ratio of one of them optical splitter is 1:99, and another optical splitter splitting ratio is 35:65, and 99% optical branch and 65% optical branch are welded together;
For the optical splitter of 1:99, the insertion loss of its input interface to 1% minute support interface is 20dB, to the insertion loss of 99% minute support interface, is 0.2dB; For the optical splitter of 35:65, the insertion loss of its input interface to 35% minute support interface is 4.5dB, to the insertion loss of 65% minute support interface, is 2dB;
Data capture unit is combined by the optical splitter of two one-to-two, and the optical branch of 99% optical branch of one of them optical splitter and another optical splitter 65% is welded together; Data capture unit has A, B, C, 4 SC optical fiber interfaces of D; For EPON system descending data, signal is inputted by A mouth, and the signal of C mouth output is the downstream signal that equipment obtains, and insertion loss is 20dB, and the signal of B mouth output is in order to complete former EPON line signal transmission; For EPON system uplink data, signal is inputted by B mouth, and D mouth output signal is the upward signal that equipment obtains, and insertion loss is 4.5dB, and A mouth output signal is in order to complete former EPON line signal transmission; The signal of C interface and D interface output is delivered to Back end data processing unit and is processed;
Described data processing unit is connected and composed by photoelectric conversion module, sudden-occured mode digit-restoring special chip and fpga chip, signal acquiring unit is sent the light signal obtaining into photoelectric conversion module, after changing into the signal of telecommunication, receive sudden-occured mode digit-restoring chip, bursty data is recovered and carry out reduction of speed processing, output 10bit parallel data is sent into FPGA and is carried out protocol analysis and conversion; Optical module adopts OLT optical module and the ONU optical module of Wuhan telecommunications devices (WTD), and special chip adopts the TLK1211 of Texas Instrument (TI), and fpga chip adopts the XC6VLX130T of Sai Lingsi (XILINX);
Data processing unit adopts respectively OLT optical module and ONU optical module to carry out the reception of data, realizes the opto-electronic conversion of data; The special chip TLK1211 of employing TI completes the recovery of upstream data; Downlink data adopts the Serdes of FPGA to carry out clock and data recovery, FPGA receives inside that first the upstream data of EPON and downlink data carry out the decryption oprerations of data, FPGA resolves for upstream data, obtain the key that data encryption adopts, then according to the numbering of key, corresponding downlink data is decrypted, the downlink data after deciphering carries out protocol conversion operation together with upstream data, generate Ethernet data frame format, then by the Serdes interface of FPGA, export.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310511305.4A CN103532788B (en) | 2013-10-28 | 2013-10-28 | EPON terminal use flow detection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310511305.4A CN103532788B (en) | 2013-10-28 | 2013-10-28 | EPON terminal use flow detection device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103532788A true CN103532788A (en) | 2014-01-22 |
| CN103532788B CN103532788B (en) | 2016-05-18 |
Family
ID=49934487
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310511305.4A Active CN103532788B (en) | 2013-10-28 | 2013-10-28 | EPON terminal use flow detection device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103532788B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104469558A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-25 | 上海欣诺通信技术有限公司 | EPON link data collecting and analyzing device and method |
| CN105138070A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-12-09 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Clock circuit for FPGA verification platform |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1746857A1 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-01-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus enabling end-to-end resilience in PONs |
| CN101047442A (en) * | 2006-04-02 | 2007-10-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Maintenance method of passive optical network and its system |
| US20100098413A1 (en) * | 2008-10-21 | 2010-04-22 | Teknovus, Inc. | Performance monitoring in passive optical networks |
| CN102684810A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2012-09-19 | 徐志国 | Optical network protection method, optical link switching control device and optical link switching control system |
-
2013
- 2013-10-28 CN CN201310511305.4A patent/CN103532788B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1746857A1 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2007-01-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus enabling end-to-end resilience in PONs |
| CN101047442A (en) * | 2006-04-02 | 2007-10-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Maintenance method of passive optical network and its system |
| US20100098413A1 (en) * | 2008-10-21 | 2010-04-22 | Teknovus, Inc. | Performance monitoring in passive optical networks |
| CN102684810A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2012-09-19 | 徐志国 | Optical network protection method, optical link switching control device and optical link switching control system |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104469558A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-25 | 上海欣诺通信技术有限公司 | EPON link data collecting and analyzing device and method |
| CN105138070A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-12-09 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Clock circuit for FPGA verification platform |
| CN105138070B (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-12-08 | 烽火通信科技股份有限公司 | Clock circuit for FPGA verification platforms |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103532788B (en) | 2016-05-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR101690853B1 (en) | Optical line terminal device and implementation method thereof | |
| CN107276753B (en) | Quantum key distribution system and method for channel multiplexing | |
| CN107579820B (en) | Synchronization device and synchronization method for multi-channel quantum key distribution system | |
| US9185555B2 (en) | Method for authentication of a wireless backup system for an optical network unit | |
| CN105594143A (en) | Method for producing aphal -halogenoacetophenon compound, and aphal-bromoacetophenon compound | |
| CN102201862A (en) | Universal optical network interface method and system | |
| CN101188502A (en) | Ethernet passive optical network transmission unit with telecom E1 interface | |
| CN107465540A (en) | GPON far-drawing systems, management method and storage medium | |
| CN110557693B (en) | Optical Network Protocol Analyzer | |
| CN209930270U (en) | Quantum communication system based on single photon communication technology | |
| CN103532788B (en) | EPON terminal use flow detection device | |
| CN207442862U (en) | For the sychronisation of multichannel quantum key distribution system | |
| WO2014071639A1 (en) | Communication method for optical network system, system and device | |
| CN110049387A (en) | A kind of wildcard-filter style multi-user photon communication network secrecy dedicated router | |
| EP2562947B1 (en) | Method, apparatus and system for passive optical network communication | |
| Kim et al. | Low‐Cost, Low‐Power, High‐Capacity 3R OEO‐Type Reach Extender for a Long‐Reach TDMA‐PON | |
| US20090016722A1 (en) | Ont discovery in a dwdm hybrid pon lt configuration | |
| CN208128259U (en) | A kind of multi-channel digital power amplification system based on Dante network connection | |
| JP4477680B2 (en) | Subscriber premises optical line termination equipment | |
| CN210536850U (en) | Optical network protocol analyzer | |
| WO2017097020A1 (en) | Passive optical network compatible device and implementation method therefor, and optical line terminal | |
| CN102412923A (en) | Method for realizing clock synchronization between optical line terminal (OLT) and optical network unit (ONU) in Ethernet-based passive optical network (EPON) system | |
| CN1921356B (en) | Radio-frequency optical transport module based on TD mode and synchronous control method | |
| WO2020019640A1 (en) | Amcc information transmission method and system | |
| CN209748566U (en) | Optical quantum communication key transceiver |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |