CN103520777A - Highly-tough hole-adjustable gel artificial blood vessel and making method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable holes and a preparation method thereof. The gel artificial blood vessel contains olefinic monomer M1, biopolymer M2, chemical cross-linking agent M3, and ion cross-linking agent M4, and the mass percentages of the amounts of the four are: 9-15%, 1-3% , 0-0.2‰, 4-10%. In this preparation method, M1 and M2 are used as functional monomers in an aqueous solution, and M3 is used as a chemical cross-linking agent to obtain a gel artificial blood vessel body, and then M4 is used as an example cross-linking agent for strengthening treatment to make a high-strength, high-toughness, porous Adjustable gel vascular graft. The gel artificial blood vessel prepared by this method has high strength, toughness and resilience, is not easy to be damaged under the action of external force such as tension, compression, bending, torsion, etc., and can quickly restore the original shape; joint adjustment. The invention is applicable to the fields of biology, medical treatment, tissue engineering, adsorption and the like.

Description

A gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores and its preparation method

technical field

The invention relates to the fields of polymer materials, biomedicine and tissue engineering, in particular to a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Blood vessels are the pipelines that transport blood in the living body. In the human body, except for the cornea, hair, nails, dentin, and epithelium, blood vessels spread all over the body. Blood vessels can be divided into three types: arteries, veins and capillaries. The walls of the aorta and aorta are thick and rich in elastic fibers, which are expandable and elastic. Capillaries have the smallest caliber, the largest number, the largest total cross-sectional area, the slowest blood flow, and the thinnest wall. They are only composed of a single layer of endothelial cells and a basement membrane. material exchange. With the development of medical technology, it is necessary to study and transplant blood vessels, so people have invented artificial blood vessels, that is, artificial blood vessels that are similar in function and characteristics to biological blood vessels and can replace biological blood vessels.

Preparation of artificial blood vessels must meet the following requirements: 1. Stable physical and chemical properties; 2. Appropriate mesh size; 3. Have certain strength and flexibility; 4. Good sutureability in bypass surgery; No bleeding or less bleeding and can stop immediately; 6. The tissue reaction is slight after being transplanted into the human body; 7. The human tissue can quickly form a new inner and outer membrane; 8. It is not easy to form thrombus; 9. Satisfactory long-term patency rate .

In the manufacture of artificial blood vessels, the vast majority of research at home and abroad is to use medical polymer materials for weaving. Weaving methods include knitting, weaving and weaving. After being woven into a tubular fabric, it is post-processed into a spiral artificial blood vessel, which can be bent at will without being sucked. At the end of the 1950s and the beginning of the 1960s, my country began to conduct research. At first, it was woven with nylon (Nylon), but it was eliminated because of the degradation of nylon and the rupture after implantation in the living body. Dacron fiber braided artificial blood vessels are now mostly used in clinics, such as the treatment of aortic aneurysm, aortic stenosis, resection and replacement of superior and inferior vena cava, etc., the longest can reach 37cm. At present, the artificial blood vessels woven by machines using polymer materials have a minimum inner diameter of 8mm for plain weavers and 3mm for knitted ones. However, knitted artificial blood vessels have not yet been formally produced in China.

Polyester artificial blood vessel is the earliest vascular material used, and has been successfully used for large blood vessel replacement for a long time due to its high patency rate, but it cannot fully meet the manufacturing requirements of small-caliber artificial blood vessels. Since then, the raw materials used to make artificial blood vessels have developed into polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane and natural mulberry silk. In the 1960s, a straight artificial blood vessel made of high-molecular polytetrafluoroethylene appeared through injection molding. The trade name was Core-Tex, and it has been widely used in clinical practice. The most widely used artificial vascular material at home and abroad is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, which has good biocompatibility and anticoagulation, but poor compliance, and the patency rate of grafts is only 30%, especially when the diameter is smaller than The above-mentioned shortcomings of 6mm polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) artificial blood vessels are more obvious, and the long-term patency rate is extremely poor.

The artificial blood vessels currently used in clinical practice are mainly made of synthetic polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and polyurethane (PU). Ethylene glycol is mainly woven into a tubular shape in the form of polyester fibers, and endothelial cells can grow in the gaps between fibers; the vessel wall made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene has a porous network structure, which is conducive to the growth of endothelial cells. However, polyester and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene have no biological activity and anticoagulant activity, and thrombosis is prone to occur after transplantation. Polyurethane has good biocompatibility and hemocompatibility, and can effectively resist thrombosis. Therefore, the synthesis of high polymers can meet the conditions for the preparation of artificial blood vessels to a certain extent, and can be used clinically.

From the above analysis, the above-mentioned artificial blood vessels generally have the disadvantages of poor blood circulation inside, poor biocompatibility and poor mechanical properties. Meet the requirements for transplantation.

Chinese patent CN101284148A discloses a method for preparing artificial blood vessels. The formula is composed of one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethersulfone (PES) and polysulfone (PS), and is prepared into a high polymer. It is swollen and dissolved to form a membrane liquid, then filtered and degassed, and then dry-jet wet-spun to prepare a hollow fiber membrane, and then processed to form a blood vessel. However, this preparation method involves toxic solvents, which have certain toxicity to organisms, and the production steps are cumbersome, requiring a series of operations, and are not easy to prepare.

Chinese patent CN1313741A discloses an artificial blood vessel which utilizes a blood vessel of a heterogeneous organism and washes the blood vessel with a surfactant to completely remove the cellular components of the blood vessel. The raw material of this method is not easy to obtain, and it is inconvenient to handle, so it cannot be mass-produced.

Polymer hydrogel is a kind of polymer with three-dimensional network structure. Because of its unique water retention, mechanical properties and good biocompatibility, it is widely used in bioengineering, medicine and health care and other fields.

As a new type of artificial vascular material, gel itself is a soft and wet material similar to human soft tissue, and is suitable for application in the human environment. The gel has the advantages of clear chemical structure, stable performance and easy regulation, no foreign body infection, cheap and easy to sterilize; by changing the cross-linking mechanism and adjusting the ratio, it can achieve high-strength and high-toughness mechanical properties and excellent visible light transmission. It provides mechanical guarantee and optical support for the application of the gel in vascular materials. In addition, the degradation resistance and weather resistance of the gel polymer material make the material difficult to degrade and reject in the process of being applied to the human body. The material Long service life.

The present invention considers that the preparation of artificial blood vessels needs to meet the characteristics of non-toxicity, biocompatibility, selective permeability and good mechanical properties, as well as the characteristics of simple manufacture and low cost, and uses the characteristics of polymer composite hydrogel to prepare artificial gel. Blood vessels can replace PET, ePTFE and PU artificial blood vessels used clinically, and have broad application prospects in the medical field.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an artificial blood vessel material with good biocompatibility, high strength, high toughness and optical transparency. The blood vessel material obtained by the present invention has high strength and good toughness, and can meet various tension, compression, bending, twisting and other actions required by the daily activities of the organism at the living temperature of the organism, which is beneficial to the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, and the visible light optical transmission performance and recovery It has good performance and can meet the daily medical requirements such as infusion and blood drawing. The material has no toxic effect on organisms, has good biocompatibility, and has the advantages of resistance to degradation, etc., which is beneficial to long-term use in the human body.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores is formed by dissolving olefin monomer M1, biopolymer M2, chemical cross-linking agent M3, and ion cross-linking agent M4 into water.

The olefinic monomer M1 is acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl-methacrylamide, methyl 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, tert-butyl acrylate, sodium acrylate, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate, its inorganic Salt, and mixtures thereof.

The biopolymer M2 is sodium alginate, chitosan, xanthan gum, humic acid, cellulose, polylactic acid, polylysine, polyglutamic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxyalkanoate, One of collagen, sericin, or a mixture of any two.

The chemical crosslinking agent M3 is any one of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, and diglycidyl ether.

The ionic cross-linking agent M4 is any one of calcium chloride, copper chloride, zinc chloride, calcium bisulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate.

A preparation method of a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1) Preparation of liquid A: add olefin monomer M1 and biopolymer M2 into deionized water in sequence at 25°C to prepare a solution with a mass concentration of 10-18%, stir for 5-30min, and statically degas for 15- 30min;

2) Preparation of liquid B: add chemical crosslinking agent M3 and initiator ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate into deionized water in sequence at 25°C, and stir magnetically for 5-10 minutes until a uniform and transparent dispersion system is formed;

3) Mixing of pre-polymerization solution: Pour the B solution prepared in step 2) into the A solution prepared in step 1), and stir it magnetically for 10-20 minutes. When it becomes uniform and viscous, immediately add the catalyst tetramethyl Ethylenediamine or sodium sulfite, magnetically stirred for 5-10min, to prepare the prepolymer solution;

4) Preparation of the gel artificial vascular blank: inject the pre-polymerization solution prepared in step 3) into the hollow tubular mold, seal the port and carry out the polymerization reaction at a temperature of 40-70°C for 3-8 hours to obtain the artificial gel Blood vessel blank;

5) Intensive treatment of the gel artificial blood vessel blank: take out the gel artificial blood vessel blank prepared in step 4), soak it in an aqueous solution of ion cross-linking agent M4 with a mass concentration of 4-10%, and the reaction time is 15-60min , after taking it out, soak and rinse it with deionized water for 1-5 minutes to prepare a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores;

6) Packaging of the gel artificial blood vessel: the gel artificial blood vessel prepared in step 5) is aseptically vacuum heat-sealed and packaged.

The mass percentages of the components of liquid A in step 1) of the present invention are: olefin monomer M1: 9-15%, biopolymer M2: 1-3%, deionized water: 82-90%.

The mass ratio of the components of liquid B in step 2) of the present invention is: chemical crosslinking agent M3: 0-0.2‰, initiator: 1% of olefin monomer M1, deionized water: 98-99%.

The catalyst in step 3) of the present invention is 3‰ of the olefinic monomer M1.

The mass ratio of each component in step 5) of the present invention is: ion crosslinking agent M4: 4-10%, deionized water: 90-96%.

The inner diameter of the hollow tubular mold is 0.1-15 mm, and the outer diameter is 0.1-17 mm.

The step 5) is not a necessary condition for preparing the gel artificial blood vessel, but it can increase the breaking stress and tensile strength of the gel artificial blood vessel.

The hole size of the gel artificial blood vessel is 10nm-500μm.

The toughness, hole size, endothelial cell compatibility and patency rate of the gel artificial blood vessel are regulated by adjusting monomer concentration, feeding ratio, cross-linking degree, reaction temperature, mold size and feeding sequence.

Compared with existing artificial vascular materials and preparation methods, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. It has high strength, toughness and resilience. It is not easy to be damaged under external forces such as tension, compression, bending and torsion, and can quickly restore its original shape.

2. It has excellent biocompatibility, and the obtained material is non-toxic and harmless, and is suitable for replacing internal tissue materials of the human body.

3. It has a multi-crosslinked network structure, the pore size can be adjusted by the degree of crosslinking, and it has a high service cycle and life.

4. The preparation method of the present invention is simple, the raw materials are readily available, the operation is simple, the cost is low, the reaction cycle is short, the reaction conditions are mild, and it is easy for industrialization and mass production.

5. The inner diameter and wall thickness of the prepared gel blood vessels can be adjusted according to the size of the mold to meet the performance requirements of different types of blood vessels such as elastic arteries, muscular arteries, and small arteries.

specific implementation plan

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit and main characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not violate the spirit and principles of the present invention should be Equivalent replacement methods are all included in the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.

Example 1

1) Preparation of liquid A: Add 1 g of acrylamide and 0.1 g of sodium alginate to deionized water in sequence at 25°C to prepare a solution with a mass concentration of 10%, stir for 15 min, and stand still for 15 min for defoaming;

2) Preparation of liquid B: add 0.001g of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.1g of ammonium persulfate to deionized water in sequence at 25°C, and stir magnetically for 5 minutes until a uniform and transparent dispersion system is formed;

3) Mixing of pre-polymerization solution: Pour the B solution prepared in step 2) into the A solution prepared in step 1), and stir magnetically for 10 minutes. When it becomes uniform and viscous, immediately add 0.002g of tetramethyl ethyl Diamine, magnetically stirred for 7min to obtain a prepolymer solution;

4) Preparation of gel artificial blood vessel base: inject the pre-polymerization solution prepared in step 3) into a hollow tubular mold with an inner diameter of 0.2mm and an outer diameter of 0.3mm, seal the port and carry out polymerization reaction at a temperature of 40°C 6h, to obtain the gel artificial blood vessel base;

5) Strengthening treatment of the gel artificial blood vessel blank: take out the hollow blood vessel blank prepared in step 4), soak it in an aqueous solution of zinc chloride with a mass concentration of 4%, the reaction time is 30min, soak it in deionized water after taking it out Rinse for 3 minutes to prepare a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores;

6) Packaging of the gel artificial blood vessel: the gel artificial blood vessel prepared in step 5) is aseptically vacuum heat-sealed and packaged.

Example 2

1) Preparation of liquid A: Add 1.2g of N-methylolacrylamide and 0.15g of sodium alginate to deionized water in sequence at 25°C to prepare a solution with a mass concentration of 12%, stir for 20 minutes, and stand still for 30 minutes to defoam ;

2) Preparation of liquid B: Add 0.0015g of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.012g of potassium persulfate to deionized water in sequence at 25°C, and stir magnetically for 10 minutes until a uniform and transparent dispersion system is formed;

3) Mixing of pre-polymerization liquid: Pour the B liquid prepared in step 2) into the prepared A liquid in step 1), and stir magnetically for 15 minutes. Diamine, magnetically stirred for 8min to obtain a prepolymer solution;

4) Preparation of gel artificial blood vessel base: inject the pre-polymerization solution prepared in step 3) into a hollow tubular mold with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm and an outer diameter of 0.65 mm, seal the port and carry out polymerization reaction at a temperature of 50°C 5h, to obtain the gel artificial blood vessel base;

5) Strengthening treatment of the gel artificial blood vessel blank: take out the hollow blood vessel blank prepared in step 4), soak it in an aqueous solution of copper sulfate with a mass concentration of 7%, the reaction time is 20min, soak and rinse it with deionized water after taking it out 5min, the gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores was prepared;

6) Packaging of the gel artificial blood vessel: the gel artificial blood vessel prepared in step 5) is aseptically vacuum heat-sealed and packaged.

Example 3

1) Preparation of liquid A: Add 1.5 g of methacrylamide and 0.1 g of sodium alginate to deionized water in sequence at 25°C to prepare a solution with a mass concentration of 14%, stir for 30 minutes, and stand still for 30 minutes to defoam;

2) Preparation of liquid B: Add 0.0015g of ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate and 0.015g of potassium persulfate into deionized water in turn at 25°C, and stir magnetically for 5 minutes until a uniform and transparent dispersion system is formed;

3) Mixing of pre-polymerization solution: Pour the B solution prepared in step 2) into the A solution prepared in step 1), and stir it magnetically for 10 minutes. Amine, magnetically stirred for 5 minutes to obtain a prepolymer solution;

4) Preparation of gel artificial blood vessel base: inject the pre-polymerization solution prepared in step 3) into a hollow tubular mold with an inner diameter of 1 mm and an outer diameter of 1.2 mm, seal the port and carry out polymerization at a temperature of 50°C for 5 hours , to obtain the gel artificial blood vessel base;

5) Strengthening treatment of the gel artificial blood vessel blank: take out the hollow blood vessel blank prepared in step 4), soak it in an aqueous solution of calcium bisulfate with a mass concentration of 7%, the reaction time is 30min, soak it in deionized water after taking it out After washing for 4 minutes, a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores was prepared;

6) Packaging of the gel artificial blood vessel: the gel artificial blood vessel prepared in step 5) is aseptically vacuum heat-sealed and packaged.

Example 4

1) Preparation of liquid A: Add 1.4 g of acrylamide and 0.2 g of sericin globulin to deionized water in sequence at 25°C to prepare a solution with a mass concentration of 14%, stir for 25 min, and stand still for 15 min for defoaming;

2) Preparation of liquid B: Add 0.0020g of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.014g of ammonium persulfate to deionized water in sequence at 25°C, and stir magnetically for 10 minutes until a uniform and transparent dispersion system is formed;

3) Mixing of pre-polymerization solution: Pour the B solution prepared in step 2) into the A solution prepared in step 1), and stir it magnetically for 20 minutes. When it becomes uniform and viscous, immediately add catalyst 0.0042g Ethylenediamine, magnetically stirred for 7min to obtain a prepolymer solution;

4) Preparation of gel artificial blood vessel base: inject the pre-polymerization solution prepared in step 3) into a hollow tubular mold with an inner diameter of 6 mm and an outer diameter of 7 mm, seal the port and carry out polymerization reaction at a temperature of 60° C. for 4 hours. Obtain the gel artificial blood vessel blank;

5) Strengthening treatment of the gel artificial blood vessel blank: take out the hollow blood vessel blank prepared in step 4), soak it in a calcium chloride aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5%, and the reaction time is 20 minutes, soak and rinse it with deionized water after taking it out 3min, a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores was prepared;

6) Packaging of the gel artificial blood vessel: the gel artificial blood vessel prepared in step 5) is aseptically vacuum heat-sealed and packaged.

Example 5

1) Preparation of liquid A: add 1.6g of N-isopropylacrylamide and 0.2g of cellulose to deionized water in sequence at 25°C to prepare a solution with a mass concentration of 16%, stir for 25 minutes, and stand still for 30 minutes to defoam;

2) Preparation of liquid B: Add 0.0015g of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and 0.016g of potassium persulfate to deionized water in sequence at 25°C, and stir magnetically for 8 minutes until a uniform and transparent dispersion system is formed;

3) Mixing of pre-polymerization liquid: Pour the B liquid prepared in step 2) into the prepared A liquid in step 1), and stir magnetically for 20 minutes. 10min, make the pre-polymerization solution;

4) Preparation of gel artificial blood vessel blank: inject the pre-polymerization solution prepared in step 3) into a hollow tubular mold with an inner diameter of 3mm and an outer diameter of 3.5mm, seal the port and carry out polymerization at a temperature of 55°C for 6 hours , to obtain the gel artificial blood vessel base;

5) Strengthening treatment of the gel artificial blood vessel blank: take out the hollow blood vessel blank prepared in step 4), soak it in an aqueous solution of calcium chloride with a mass concentration of 9%, the reaction time is 40min, soak it with deionized water after taking it out Rinse for 2 minutes to prepare a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores;

6) Packaging of the gel artificial blood vessel: the gel artificial blood vessel prepared in step 5) is aseptically vacuum heat-sealed and packaged.

Claims (8)

1. A gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores is formed by dissolving olefin monomer M1, biopolymer M2, chemical cross-linking agent M3, and ion cross-linking agent M4 into water; the olefin The class monomer M1 is acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl-methacrylamide, methacrylic acid 2-hydroxy Ethyl ester, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, tert-butyl acrylate, sodium acrylate, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate, their inorganic salts, and their Mixture; the biopolymer M2 is sodium alginate, chitosan, xanthan gum, humic acid, cellulose, polylactic acid, polylysine, polyglutamic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxy fatty acid One or a mixture of any two of esters, collagen, sericin; the chemical cross-linking agent M3 is N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide, di(meth)acrylic acid ethyl Any one of glycol esters and diglycidyl ethers; the ionic crosslinking agent M4 is any one of calcium chloride, copper chloride, zinc chloride, calcium bisulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate . 2. A preparation method of a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores, comprising the steps of: 1) Preparation of liquid A: add olefin monomer M1 and biopolymer M2 into deionized water in sequence at 25°C to prepare a solution with a mass concentration of 10-18%, stir for 5-30min, and statically degas for 15- 30min. 2) Preparation of liquid B: add chemical crosslinking agent M3 and initiator ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate into deionized water in sequence at 25°C, and stir magnetically for 5-10 minutes until a uniform and transparent dispersion system is formed; 3) Mixing of pre-polymerization solution: Pour the B solution prepared in step 2) into the A solution prepared in step 1), and stir it magnetically for 10-20 minutes. When it becomes uniform and viscous, immediately add the catalyst tetramethyl Ethylenediamine or sodium sulfite, magnetically stirred for 5-10min, to prepare the prepolymer solution; 4) Preparation of the gel artificial vascular blank: inject the pre-polymerization solution prepared in step 3) into the hollow tubular mold, seal the port and carry out the polymerization reaction at a temperature of 40-70°C for 3-8 hours to obtain the artificial gel Blood vessel blank; 5) Strengthening treatment of the gel artificial blood vessel base: take out the gel artificial blood vessel base prepared in step 4), soak it in the aqueous solution of the ion cross-linking agent M4 with a mass concentration of 4-10%, and the reaction time is 15-60min , after taking it out, soak and rinse it with deionized water for 1-5 minutes to prepare a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores; 6) Packaging of the gel artificial blood vessel: the gel artificial blood vessel prepared in step 5) is aseptically vacuum heat-sealed and packaged. 3. The preparation method of a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step 1), the mass percentage of each component of liquid A is: olefin monomer M1:9 -15%, biopolymer M2: 1-3%, ionic cross-linking agent M4: 0-10‰, deionized water: 82-90%; the mass ratio of the components of B liquid in step 2) is: chemical cross-linking Agent M3: 0-0.2‰, initiator is 1% of olefinic monomer M1, deionized water: 98-99%; the catalyst in step 3) is 3‰ of olefinic monomer M1; step 5) each The mass ratio of components is as follows: ion cross-linking agent M4: 4-10%, deionized water: 90-96%. 4. The method for preparing a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores according to claim 2, characterized in that: the inner diameter of the hollow tubular mold is 0.1-15 mm, and the outer diameter is 0.1-17 mm. 5. A method for preparing a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores according to claim 2, characterized in that: the step 5) is not a necessary condition for preparing the gel artificial blood vessel, but it can increase the gel artificial blood vessel. Fracture stress and tensile strength of glued vascular prostheses. 6. The preparation method of a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores according to claim 2, characterized in that: the toughness, hole size, endothelial cell compatibility and smoothness of the gel artificial blood vessel The rate can be adjusted by adjusting monomer concentration, feeding ratio, degree of crosslinking, reaction temperature, mold size and feeding sequence. 7. The method for preparing a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable pores according to claim 2, characterized in that: the hole size of the gel artificial blood vessel is 10 nm-500 μm. 8. The preparation method of a gel artificial blood vessel with high toughness and adjustable holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner diameter size and wall thickness of the prepared gel blood vessel can be adjusted by changing the mold size to meet Performance requirements of different types of blood vessels such as elastic arteries, muscular arteries, and arterioles.