CN103516217A - Switching power supply capable of adjusting oblique wave compensation slope - Google Patents
Switching power supply capable of adjusting oblique wave compensation slope Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种可调整斜波补偿斜率的开关电源，基于峰值电流模Buck电路的结构，包括输入电压源、同步整流电路、峰值电流检测电路、输出滤波电路、误差放大器、脉宽调制控制电路、斜波补偿电路、基准电压源及加法器电路；其特征在于：将斜波补偿电路予以改进并在改进的斜波补偿电路的输入端增设与输出滤波电路的输出V o值相关的第二基准电压源，当输入电压源固定不变，通过采样误差放大器输入端基准电压V ref的变化使输出滤波电路的输出V o相应变化导致峰值电流模电路中占空比D发生变化时，实现可变斜率的斜波补偿。
A switching power supply with adjustable slope compensation slope, based on the structure of peak current mode Buck circuit, including input voltage source, synchronous rectification circuit, peak current detection circuit, output filter circuit, error amplifier, pulse width modulation control circuit, ramp Compensation circuit, reference voltage source and adder circuit; It is characterized in that: the slope compensation circuit is improved and the second reference voltage source relevant to the output V o value of the output filter circuit is added at the input end of the improved slope compensation circuit , when the input voltage source is fixed, the output V o of the output filter circuit changes correspondingly through the change of the reference voltage V ref at the input terminal of the sampling error amplifier, resulting in the change of the duty cycle D in the peak current mode circuit, and the variable slope is realized slope compensation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Switching Power Supply, relate in particular to a kind of Switching Power Supply of capable of regulating oblique wave compensation slope, belong to microelectronics technology.
Background technology
In Switching Power Supply design, this index of transient response becomes more and more important.Transient response refers to that system is under a certain type signal input action, the change procedure of its system output variable from initial condition to stable state, and it is one of important indicator of weighing a circuit design quality.
The application of peak current moding circuit in switching power circuit is more and more extensive, and Peak Current Mode comprises external voltage ring and internal current ring.When duty ratio D is larger, output voltage will there will be subharmonic oscillation.Now will carry out oblique wave compensation to inner peak current sampling loop, eliminate subharmonic oscillation, maintain the stability of output.Generally the input and output voltage of Switching Power Supply is a scope, and the oblique wave compensation of internal current ring is by current source, to electric capacity, periodically to charge to build a sawtooth waveforms that slope is fixing according to the work period of circuit.But when input voltage is constant, when duty ratio D reduces, for the slope of fixing oblique wave compensation, the bandwidth of whole switch power supply system loop can reduce, and phase margin also can reduce, and this will cause the speed of output voltage transient response slack-off.When guaranteeing that D changes, the bandwidth of loop and phase margin change less, and the compensation of internal current ring (being the slope of oblique wave compensation) will be done corresponding adjustment.
Summary of the invention
The Switching Power Supply of a kind of capable of regulating oblique wave compensation slope that the object of the invention is the problem of the oblique wave compensation when solving in peak current moding circuit that duty ratio D changes and provide, its technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of Switching Power Supply of capable of regulating oblique wave compensation slope, structure based on Peak Current Mode Buck circuit, comprises input voltage source, circuit of synchronous rectification, peak current detection circuit, output filter circuit, error amplifier, control circuit for pulse-width modulation, oblique wave compensation circuit, reference voltage source and adder circuit; The output of input voltage source connects circuit of synchronous rectification, and the output of circuit of synchronous rectification connects peak value current detection circuit, and the output of peak current detection circuit connects respectively output filter circuit and adder circuit, the output V of output filter circuit
oand the output V of reference voltage source
refconnect respectively error amplifier, the output V of reference voltage source
refalso connect oblique wave compensation circuit, the output of oblique wave compensation circuit connects adder circuit, and the output of adder circuit and error amplifier connects respectively control circuit for pulse-width modulation, and the output of control circuit for pulse-width modulation connects circuit of synchronous rectification; It is characterized in that: oblique wave compensation circuit is improved and set up the output V with output filter circuit at the input of improved oblique wave compensation circuit
othe second reference voltage source that value is relevant, when input voltage source immobilizes, by sampling error amplifier in reference voltage V
refvariation make the output V of output filter circuit
owhen respective change causes in peak current moding circuit that duty ratio D changes, realize the oblique wave compensation of variable slope;
Improved oblique wave compensation circuit comprises three current source I1, I2, I3, four switch S 1, S2, S3, S6, three with door And1, an And2, And3, six comparator C omp2, Comp3, Comp4, Comp5, Comp6, Comp7, a capacitor C and a pulse generator Vpulse2, current source I1, I2, the equal ground connection of negative terminal of I3, current source I1, I2, the anode of I3 is connecting valve S1 respectively, S2, S3 one end, switch S 1, S2, the other end of S3 links together as the output of improved oblique wave compensation circuit and the input of adder circuit, one end of switch S 6 and capacitor C connects, and the control end of switch S 6 connects the output of pulse generator Vpulse2, the input of pulse generator Vpulse2, the equal ground connection of the other end of switch S 6 and capacitor C, switch S 1, S2, the control end of S3 connects respectively and door And1, And2, the output of And3, is connected respectively comparator C omp2 with two inputs of door And1, the output of Comp3, is connected respectively comparator C omp4 with two inputs of door And2, the output of Comp5, is connected respectively comparator C omp6 with two inputs of door And3, the output of Comp7, the positive input terminal of the negative input end of comparator C omp2 and comparator C omp3 and the negative input end of comparator C omp4, the positive input terminal of comparator C omp5, the negative input end of comparator C omp6, the positive input terminal of the comparator C omp7 output V with reference voltage source that links together
refconnect,
The second reference voltage source comprises four output V with output filter circuit
ovalue is relevant, the reference voltage source V of different reference voltage values
omax, (2V
omax+ V
omin)/3, (V
omax+ 2V
omin)/3 and V
omin, reference voltage source V
omaxthe positive input terminal that connects comparator C omp2, reference voltage source (2V
omax+ V
omin)/3 connect the negative input end of comparator C omp3 and the positive input terminal of comparator C omp4, reference voltage source (V
omax+ 2V
omin)/3 connect the negative input end of comparator C omp5 and the positive input terminal of comparator C omp6, reference voltage source V
ominthe negative input end that connects comparator C omp7.
Compared with the prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) when input voltage immobilizes, by sampling error amplifier one end reference voltage V
refvariation, select the slope of oblique wave compensation, when reference voltage changes, can select rapidly corresponding current source to the capacitor charging in oblique wave compensation circuit, generate corresponding oblique wave compensation circuit and reach the effect of adjusting oblique wave compensation slope.
(2) can eliminate the subharmonic oscillation of peak current moding circuit in Switching Power Supply, improve the response speed of output voltage transient changing simultaneously.When duty ratio D reduces, can reduce the slope of oblique wave compensation, output voltage transient response speed while improving reference voltage instantaneous variation.
(3) circuit is simple, and without the complex control of application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), cost is low, good reliability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the switching power circuit of prior art based on Peak Current Mode Buck circuit;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is the simulation waveform figure of circuit of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the technical scheme of invention is elaborated:
As shown in Figure 1, the switching power circuit of prior art based on Peak Current Mode Buck circuit comprises input voltage source 1, circuit of synchronous rectification 2, peak current detection circuit 3, output filter circuit 4, error amplifier 8, control circuit for pulse-width modulation 10, oblique wave compensation circuit 5, reference voltage source 7 and adder circuit 9; The output of input voltage source 1 connects circuit of synchronous rectification 2, and the output of circuit of synchronous rectification 2 connects peak value current detection circuit 3, and the output of peak current detection circuit 3 connects respectively output filter circuit 4 and adder circuit 9, the output V of output filter circuit 4
oand the output V of reference voltage source 7
refconnect respectively error amplifier 8, the output V of reference voltage source 7
refalso connect oblique wave compensation circuit 5, the output of oblique wave compensation circuit 5 connects adder circuit 9, and the output of adder circuit 9 and error amplifier 8 connects respectively control circuit for pulse-width modulation 10, and the output of control circuit for pulse-width modulation 10 connects circuit of synchronous rectification 2.Fig. 3 is the physical circuit of Fig. 1, is existing known circuit.
With Fig. 1 comparison, 2 pairs of oblique wave compensation circuit of block diagram of the present invention 5 have carried out improving and having increased the second reference voltage source 6 of oblique wave compensation circuit 5 inputs.The concrete implementing circuit of Fig. 2 is as Fig. 4, and with Fig. 3 comparison, except oblique wave compensation circuit 5 and the second reference voltage source 6, remaining circuit is identical with prior art Fig. 3.Variable slope ramp compensating circuit 5 after improvement is provided with three current source I1, I2, I3, four switch S 1, S2, S3, S6, three with door And1, an And2, And3, six comparator C omp2, Comp3, Comp4, Comp5, Comp6, Comp7, a capacitor C and a pulse generator Vpulse2, current source I1, I2, the equal ground connection of negative terminal of I3, current source I1, I2, the anode of I3 is connecting valve S1 respectively, S2, S3 one end, switch S 1, S2, the other end of S3 links together as the output of improved oblique wave compensation circuit, input with adder circuit, one end of switch S 6 and capacitor C connects, the control end of switch S 6 connects the output of pulse generator Vpulse2, the input of pulse generator Vpulse2, the equal ground connection of the other end (switch S 6 of switch S 6 and capacitor C, annexation between capacitor C and pulse generator Vpulse2 is with Fig. 3 prior art).Switch S 1, S2, the control end of S3 connects respectively and door And1, And2, the output of And3, be connected respectively comparator C omp2 with two inputs of door And1, the output of Comp3, be connected respectively comparator C omp4 with two inputs of door And2, the output of Comp5, be connected respectively comparator C omp6 with two inputs of door And3, the output of Comp7, the negative input end of the positive input terminal of the negative input end of comparator C omp2 and comparator C omp3 and comparator C omp4, the positive input terminal of comparator C omp5, the negative input end of comparator C omp6, the positive input terminal of the comparator C omp7 output V with reference voltage source that links together
refconnect,
The second reference voltage source 6 comprises four output V with output filter circuit
othe reference voltage source V of relevant, different reference voltage values
omax, (2V
omax+ V
omin)/3, (V
omax+ 2V
omin)/3 and V
omin, V
omaxthe positive input terminal that connects comparator C omp2, (2V
omax+ V
omin)/3 connect the negative input end of comparator C omp3 and the positive input terminal of comparator C omp4, (V
omax+ 2V
omin)/3 connect the negative input end of comparator C omp5 and the positive input terminal of comparator C omp6, V
ominthe negative input end that connects comparator C omp7.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, prior art output filter circuit 4 comprises the dead resistance R in inductance L, inductance L
l, the dead resistance R in capacitor C 1, electric capacity
c1and output load resistance R1.Input voltage source V
inby circuit of synchronous rectification 2, energy is passed to output filter circuit 4.Circuit of synchronous rectification 2 comprises two MOSFET pipes S4, S5, and the input of the termination peak current detection circuit that S4 is connected with S5, in order to detect the electric current flowing in inductance L.Error amplifier 8 is mutual conductance error amplifiers, and it compensates circuit, has a limit and a zero point.The anti-phase input termination output voltage V of mutual conductance error amplifier
o, normal phase input end meets reference voltage source V
ref, by both end voltage value V
oand V
refcomparison, error signal is amplified and to be delivered in control circuit for pulse-width modulation 10.Control circuit for pulse-width modulation 10 is PWM drive circuits, comprise comparator C omp1, two NOR gate Nor1 and Nor2, inverter Inv and pulse generator Vpulse1, the output Vea of the anti-phase termination error amplifier circuit 8 of comparator C omp1, positive terminal is the output of adder circuit 9.The voltage waveform that adder Sum converts sample rate current to and the voltage waveform of oblique wave compensation are added, and comparator C omp1 produces a pulse drive signal by comparing the voltage at two ends, in order to control circuit of synchronous rectification 2.
Operation principle is as follows:
1) in circuit of synchronous rectification 2, S4 is rectifying tube, and S5 is continued flow tube, both alternation switches.S4 and DC input voitage V
inseries connection, by the opening and turn-offing of S4, produces square-wave voltage at the right-hand member of S4.Adopt constant frequency control mode, duty ratio is adjustable, and S4 ON time is T
on, when S4 conducting, electric current is by series connection L and R
lflow into output.When S4 turn-offs, L produces back electromotive force, and S4 right-hand member voltage is reduced rapidly, by the rapid clamper of S5, is arrived certain value.Because S5 is metal-oxide-semiconductor, its conducting resistance is little more a lot of than fly-wheel diode, thus circuit of synchronous rectification under the case of heavy load of large electric current, power consumption is very low.
2) in output filter circuit 4, L and C1 have energy storage effect, when S4 turn-offs constantly, and load current and voltage V
oby the two, guaranteed.
3) peak current sample circuit 3 is by the electric current between sampling S4 and inductance L, and then electric current is by sampling resistor R
sconvert sampled voltage to, R
salso referred to as sampling coefficient, the multiple that inductive current amplifies.
4) error amplifier circuit 8 is by output voltage V
owith reference voltage V
refcompare the error signal V being exaggerated
eabe imported into pulse width modulator (voltage comparator) PWM one end.The other end of PWM is the voltage waveform V that current detecting is come
i.When duty ratio D is larger, output can produce subharmonic oscillation, now needs oblique wave compensation circuit to eliminate subharmonic oscillation, now V
ithe current detecting voltage waveform of coming and the voltage waveform sum of oblique wave compensation.
5) V of control circuit for pulse-width modulation 10
iend is the current detecting voltage waveform of coming and the voltage waveform sum of oblique wave compensation, V
eabe the error waveform being exaggerated, voltage comparator is V
eaand V
ithe voltage waveform of end compares, and produces square wave pulse, and it starts to finishing with output voltage error amplifier intersection point from sawtooth waveforms starting point.Two NOR gate form a rest-set flip-flop, the frequency of pulse generator is the operating frequency of whole circuit, pulsewidth is very little, the square wave pulse that coordinates voltage comparator to produce, thereby produce the pulse drive signal of constant frequency, drive S4 and S5 in circuit of synchronous rectification, thereby reach the object of controlling whole circuit normal operation.
As input voltage V<sub TranNum="156">in</sub>while immobilizing, output voltage V<sub TranNum="157">o</sub>with reference voltage V<sub TranNum="158">ref</sub>change and change, duty ratio D will change, but V<sub TranNum="159">o</sub>there is an excursion V<sub TranNum="160">omin</sub>～V<sub TranNum="161">omax</sub>, can there is D<sub TranNum="162">min</sub>, (D<sub TranNum="163">min</sub>+ D<sub TranNum="164">max</sub>)/2, D<sub TranNum="165">max</sub>.Work as D=D<sub TranNum="166">max</sub>time, the slope M of oblique wave compensation<sub TranNum="167">a</sub>=M<sub TranNum="168">1</sub>if for fixing charging capacitor C, now charging current source is I1, the bandwidth of system loop is f<sub TranNum="169">bH1</sub>, phase margin is θ<sub TranNum="170">1</sub>.Slope M for fixing oblique wave compensation<sub TranNum="171">1</sub>, work as D<sub TranNum="172">max</sub>time, the bandwidth of system loop and phase margin are maximum; As D<D<sub TranNum="173">max</sub>time, the bandwidth f of system loop<sub TranNum="174">bH</sub><f<sub TranNum="175">bH1</sub>, phase margin θ<θ<sub TranNum="176">1</sub>.By Matlab emulation, as D=(D<sub TranNum="177">min</sub>+ D<sub TranNum="178">max</sub>)/2 o'clock, the slope M of adjustment oblique wave compensation<sub TranNum="179">a</sub>, the bandwidth that makes system loop is f<sub TranNum="180">bH1</sub>, phase margin is θ<sub TranNum="181">1</sub>, M now<sub TranNum="182">a</sub>=M<sub TranNum="183">2</sub>, M<sub TranNum="184">2</sub><M<sub TranNum="185">1</sub>, for fixing charging capacitor C, charging current source is now I2.Work as D=D<sub TranNum="186">min</sub>time, the slope M of adjustment oblique wave compensation<sub TranNum="187">a</sub>, the bandwidth that makes system loop is f<sub TranNum="188">bH1</sub>, phase margin is θ<sub TranNum="189">1</sub>, M now<sub TranNum="190">a</sub>=M<sub TranNum="191">3</sub>, M<sub TranNum="192">3</sub><M<sub TranNum="193">1</sub>, for fixing charging capacitor C, charging current source is now I3.
The operating frequency of pulse generator Vpulse2 is the switching frequency f of circuit, and the cycle is T, the ON time t of pulse<sub TranNum="195">on</sub>approach T, t<sub TranNum="196">off</sub>less, be the discharge time in capacitor C loop.When changing reference voltage V<sub TranNum="197">ref</sub>value time have different output voltage V<sub TranNum="198">o</sub>, output voltage range is V<sub TranNum="199">omin</sub>～V<sub TranNum="200">omax</sub>.By the reference voltage source V of comparator C omp2, Comp3, Comp4, Comp5, Comp6 and Comp7 and error amplifier anode<sub TranNum="201">ref</sub>compare, work as V<sub TranNum="202">omin</sub><V<sub TranNum="203">ref</sub><(V<sub TranNum="204">omax</sub>+ 2V<sub TranNum="205">omin</sub>)/3 o'clock, S3=1, S2=0, S1=0, switch S 3 conductings, electric current I 3, to capacitor C charging, produces harmonic compensation, and now the slope of oblique wave compensation is M<sub TranNum="206">3</sub>, i.e. D=D<sub TranNum="207">min</sub>time slope; As (V<sub TranNum="208">omax</sub>+ 2V<sub TranNum="209">omin</sub>)/3<V<sub TranNum="210">ref</sub><(2V<sub TranNum="211">omax</sub>+ V<sub TranNum="212">omin</sub>)/3 o'clock, S3=0, S2=1, S1=0, switch S<sub TranNum="213">2</sub>conducting, electric current I 2, to capacitor C charging, produces harmonic compensation, and now the slope of oblique wave compensation is M<sub TranNum="214">2</sub>, i.e. D=(D<sub TranNum="215">min</sub>+ D<sub TranNum="216">max</sub>the slope of)/2 o'clock.As (V<sub TranNum="217">omax</sub>+ 2V<sub TranNum="218">omin</sub>)/3<V<sub TranNum="219">ref</sub><V<sub TranNum="220">omax</sub>time, S3=0, S2=0, S1=1, switch S 1 conducting, electric current I 1, to capacitor C charging, produces harmonic compensation, and now the slope of oblique wave compensation is M<sub TranNum="221">1</sub>, i.e. D=D<sub TranNum="222">max</sub>time slope.The oblique wave compensation circuit by generation with Different Slope, comes bandwidth and the phase margin of regulation loop, has accelerated the transient response speed of output voltage.
Parameter and being described as follows:
Input V
in=2.7～4.5V, output V
o=0.9～1.5V, switching frequency f=6MHz, output resistance R1=2.4 Ω, V
omin=0.9V, V
omax=1.5V.
As input voltage V
inwhen=2.7V immobilizes, work as V
refduring=1.5V, output voltage V
o=1.5V, now duty ratio D is maximum, D
max=0.56.Oblique wave compensation slope M now
a=6e+5, if produce the charging capacitor C=5uF of sawtooth waveforms, charging current source I1=3A, the bandwidth of loop is 340KHz, phase margin is 81 °.
When adjusting V
refduring=0.9V, output voltage V
oduring=0.9V, now duty ratio D is minimum, D
min=0.33.If guarantee, loop bandwidth is now 340KHz, and phase margin is 81 °, the slope M of oblique wave compensation
a=3e+5, to the current source I3=1.5A of capacitor charging.
When adjusting V
refduring=1.2V, output voltage V
oduring=1.2V, duty ratio D=(D now
min+ D
max)/2=0.44.Will guarantee that now the bandwidth of loop is 340KHz, phase margin is 81 ° simultaneously, the slope M of oblique wave compensation
a=4.5e+5, to the current source I2=2.25A of capacitor charging.
Therefore when input voltage immobilizes, output voltage 0.9V<V<sub TranNum="247">o</sub>during<1.1V, S3 conducting, I3 is to capacitor charging; As 1.1V<V<sub TranNum="248">o</sub>during<1.3V, S2 conducting, I2 is to capacitor charging; As 1.3V<V<sub TranNum="249">o</sub>during<1.5V, S1 conducting, I1 is to capacitor charging.With this, reach the object of adjusting oblique wave compensation slope.
As shown in Figure 5, when reference voltage is adjusted to 1.4V from 1V, output voltage is adjusted to 1.4V from 1V accordingly, dotted line waveform is the output loading transient response waveform figure that does not adopt structural circuit of the present invention, solid line waveform is the output loading transient response waveform figure that adopts structural circuit of the present invention, from figure, can obviously find out, adopt structural circuit of the present invention can obviously accelerate the transient response of output loading.
The present invention does not limit to above-mentioned implementation, and the object that the method for every employing adjustment oblique wave compensation slope reaches quickening output loading transient response is all within the protection range of this patent.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN104065261A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-09-24 | 成都芯源系统有限公司 | Switch converter and control circuit and control method thereof |
| CN104953829A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-30 | 西南交通大学 | Quasi frequency peak current control method applied to BUCK circuit |
| CN107370361A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-11-21 | 西华大学 | Sawtooth wave generating circuit and flyback, SEPIC and Buck Boost power factor correcting converters |
| CN107528446A (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-12-29 | 泰雷兹公司 | Reduce the switching regulator energy converter for the static shift that stable oblique wave introduces |
| CN111446865A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-07-24 | 深圳威迈斯新能源股份有限公司 | Slope compensation control circuit and slope compensation control method |
| CN112865497A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-05-28 | 成都稳海半导体有限公司 | Ramp wave injection circuit free from influence of duty ratio and error compensation method of switching power supply |
| CN114552967A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-05-27 | 陕西亚成微电子股份有限公司 | Control method and circuit of a switching power supply |
| US11381080B2 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2022-07-05 | Tubitak | Frequency adaptive harmonic current generator |
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| CN104953829A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-30 | 西南交通大学 | Quasi frequency peak current control method applied to BUCK circuit |
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| CN107528446B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2021-01-22 | 泰雷兹公司 | Switch-mode energy converter with reduced static offset induced by stable ramps |
| US11381080B2 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2022-07-05 | Tubitak | Frequency adaptive harmonic current generator |
| CN107370361A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-11-21 | 西华大学 | Sawtooth wave generating circuit and flyback, SEPIC and Buck Boost power factor correcting converters |
| CN111446865A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-07-24 | 深圳威迈斯新能源股份有限公司 | Slope compensation control circuit and slope compensation control method |
| CN111446865B (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-06-25 | 深圳威迈斯新能源股份有限公司 | Slope compensation control circuit and slope compensation control method |
| CN112865497A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-05-28 | 成都稳海半导体有限公司 | Ramp wave injection circuit free from influence of duty ratio and error compensation method of switching power supply |
| CN114552967A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-05-27 | 陕西亚成微电子股份有限公司 | Control method and circuit of a switching power supply |
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