Method and the device of polynary electric arc spraying processing multiple layer metal based composites
Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of EDM Technology, especially a kind of method and device of electric arc spraying processing multiple layer metal based composites.
Background technology multiple layer metal based composites refers to that the component or the structure that by one or more material alternating deposits, are formed replace the artificial fine structure material changing, and each layer of metal or alloy thickness can reach nano level or grade.Multiple layer metal based composites material has integral material and the unapproachable various properties of any one-component material, can meet various special applications demands, in recent years the research of this material is aroused great concern, become the focus of domestic and international research and development.At present, prepare multiple layer metal based composites and mainly contain combined techniques, lamination hot rolling method, diffusion pressure connection, welding method, built-up welding hot rolling method etc. between solid-liquid phase combined techniques, solid phase.But these method complex technical process, preparation time is long, and cost is higher.
Summary of the invention the object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly can carry out accurately controlling to the component of multiple layer metal based composites and structure, can reduce costs, method and the device that simple and quick, multiple layer metal based composites is processed in polynary electric arc spraying that effectively prepare high-quality multiple layer metal based composites.
One, working method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1, make to be sprayed annular matrix and rotate with the speed of setting, the material of the velocity of rotation of this setting and the diameter of annular matrix, metallic coating and thickness and spray process cell parameters are relevant;
2, be located at annular matrix a plurality of spray process unit around, each is independent separately;
In the process of 3, rotating at annular matrix, control each spray process unit and replace the surface spraying metal or alloy to annular matrix by the order of setting, it is terminal that annular matrix be take a machining cell, in the process rotating a circle, layer of metal or alloy sublayer are just adhered in its surface, ring-type matrix has a plurality of machining cells around, so just with the same composition corresponding with a plurality of machining cells and the sublayer of non-same composition, these sublayers are superimposed and form multiple layer metal based composites on annular matrix.The thickness of sublayer be not less than described in 0.2mm by alternately spraying of the order of setting, it can be: control in the process that a plurality of spray process unit rotates a circle at annular matrix, replace continuously one by one spraying, form the multiple layer metal based composites with the corresponding different components of machining cell number and weave construction; Also can be: by a spray process unit, form after the given sublayer thickness of a certain component, then carry out the spraying of next component by another spray process units alternately, can realize thus the permutation and combination of any component, sublayer thickness.The alternately spraying of the above-mentioned order by setting, it can be by controlling power switch or annular matrix rotating speed Artificial Control, but preferably by computer control.
While 4, being provided with abrasive article in working chamber, abrasive article is located in a certain diametric(al) of matrix, and abrasive article is symmetrically existing about matrix medullary ray, and distance is controlled.Control abrasive article and contact with annular matrix surface, with in real time, effectively remove the defects such as buildup, burr of annular matrix sprayed surface, improve sprayed coating quality, obtain the even continuous multiple layer metal based composites in sublayer.
Two, the structure of apparatus of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention mainly includes annular matrix, matrix is an annular solid (being workpiece to be processed) of being made by carbon steel, stainless steel or aluminium alloy etc., it is connected with one end of web member, and the other end of this web member is connected with transmission rig, this annular solid and web member looping matrix.Above-mentioned annular solid outer ring surface is placed in treatment chamber middle part, preferably annular matrix and treatment chamber coaxial line.This treatment chamber has one by the fixing cylinder of web member, and the cylinder two ends that this axis is level are provided with perpendicular two connected annular end plates, and this two end plates center-hole diameter is corresponding with annular matrix external diameter and can overlap thereon.In the cylinder for the treatment of chamber, can be provided with as required several radially dividing plates, these dividing plate one end are fixed on treatment chamber cylinder, and dual-side is separately fixed in two end plates, and the other end and annular matrix are adjacent, preferably between dividing plate and annular matrix, are provided with sealing member.Aforementioned barriers is divided into separately independently a plurality of working chambers by treatment chamber.On treatment chamber cylindrical wall, be provided with through hole, on it, be vertically fixed with arc spraying rifle, this arc spraying rifle is positioned at the outlet of working chamber and waits to be coated with surperficial relative with annular matrix, the part that this arc spraying rifle is positioned at outside working chamber forms spray process unit with anode and negative electrode, each spray process unit is all connected with an arc pistol power supply separately, each machining cell is all connected with gas-holder and the air compressor supporting with it separately by airway again, each machining cell is also connected with wire transport sector respectively, by reeling machine and wire drive feeder, be transported to spray gun, different metal or alloy are stored in respectively in different wire material transport sectors.
Separately in the above-mentioned working chamber that arc pistol is not installed, be provided with hard particles or friction member, wherein being deposited in hard particles in working chamber fills and is adjacent to annular matrix surface, be preferably in above-mentioned working chamber bottom and set up the electromagnetic driver that impels particle generation high-frequency vibration, to more effectively grind sprayed coating surface; Friction member is adjacent to annular matrix surface, friction member adopts stepper-motor to add spring assembly, step motor control abrasive article is to the distance of central axis, spring guarantees that abrasive article contacts with permanent tension force with revolution matrix, at above-mentioned working chamber, set up the electromagnetic driver that makes friction member and sprayed surface keep permanent tension force and can shake up and down along revolution matrix axis direction, make friction member and sprayed surface keep permanent tension force, to sprayed coating surface is ground in real time when annular matrix rotates, the defects such as the buildup of removal annular matrix sprayed surface, burr.
Described drive unit is for impelling particle generation high-frequency vibration electromagnetic type device; Or make friction member and spraying
The electromagnetic type device that surface keeps permanent tension force and can shake up and down along revolution matrix axis direction.
Principle of work of the present invention is summarized as follows: by computer control annular matrix, rotated, continuously through machining cell, the impact jet flow of each spray process unit can replace spraying to annular matrix surface, also can be by electrical arc spraying power source switching electricity, form a kind of component and spray after given thickness, then carry out the spraying of next component; Can adopt hard particles or friction member to grind in real time sprayed coating surface, effectively remove the defect such as buildup, burr on sprayed coating surface, improve multilayer materials quality.
The present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages:
1, the present invention adopts arc spraying technology, and metal or alloy molten drop is sprayed to annular matrix with high-speed jet form, obtains the multilayer materials of dense structure, grain refining.
2, the present invention is by using annular matrix, and in rotation process, the impact jet flow of each machining cell goes Uniform Scanning to cross matrix surface, obtains the even and smooth multiple layer metal based composites in sublayer.Meanwhile, can phase mutual interference between each spray process unit yet.
3, by changing the component of machining cell number, spraying wire and parameter etc., can prepare the multiple layer metal based composites that two or more sublayer replaces, its component and structure also can be ever-changing, and by the alternately spraying of computer control machining cell, can realize the permutation and combination of anyon layer component, sublayer thickness, spraying process is easy to realize computer monitoring simultaneously.
4, can utilize friction member to grind in real time sprayed coating surface, not only can improve sprayed coating quality, and can obtain the multiple layer metal based composites of good modulated structure.When using solid particles to grind, all right extraneous vibration source, impels solid particles high-frequency vibration, makes grinding more evenly, effectively.
5, adopt working method of the present invention and device, can realize easily the component of multiple layer metal based composites, modulation wavelength, isoparametric accurate control of microtexture, artificially design and prepare the multiple layer metal based composites of desired characteristic, prepare the multiple layer metal based composites that two or more sublayer replaces, the sublayer of these multilayer materials can be pure metal, alloy etc., crystalline structure also can be varied, have that equipment is simple, cost-saving, efficient quick, easily control, the advantage such as the course of processing enough is stablized.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the master of apparatus of the present invention looks simplified schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the section simplified schematic diagram for the treatment of chamber in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is that the master that treatment chamber that the present invention is provided with hard particles removes end cap looks simplified schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is that the master that treatment chamber that the present invention is provided with friction member removes end cap looks simplified schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that the present invention is that the master that the working chamber of 3 spray process unit removes end cap looks simplified schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is that the present invention is that the master that the working chamber of 4 spray process unit removes end cap looks simplified schematic diagram.
In figure: 1, air compressor; 2, gas-holder; 3, airway; 4, electrical arc spraying power source; 5, first metal wire material transport sector (spray process unit); 6, first arc pistol; 7, revolution matrix; 8, second arc pistol; 9, second metal wire material transport sector (spray process unit); 10, electrical arc spraying power source; 11, airway; 12, gas-holder; 13, air compressor; 14, dividing plate; 15, hard particles; 16, friction member; 17, constant tension device; 18, stepper-motor; 19, the third arc pistol; 20, fourth arc pistol.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
In the treatment chamber section simplified schematic diagram of the polynary electric arc spraying processing multiple layer metal based composites device shown in Fig. 2, the annular solid of being made by carbon steel is connected with one end of web member, the other end of this web member is connected with transmission rig, this annular solid and web member looping matrix.Above-mentioned annular solid outer ring surface is placed in treatment chamber middle part and both coaxial lines.This treatment chamber has one by the fixing cylinder of web member, and the cylinder two ends that this axis is level are provided with perpendicular two connected annular end plates, and this two end plates center-hole diameter is corresponding with annular matrix external diameter and can overlap thereon.In the cylinder for the treatment of chamber, be provided with 4 radially dividing plates, these dividing plate one end are fixed on treatment chamber cylinder, and dual-side is separately fixed in two end plates, and the other end and annular matrix are adjacent, between dividing plate and annular matrix, are provided with sealing member.Aforementioned barriers is divided into separately independently a plurality of working chambers by treatment chamber.On treatment chamber cylindrical wall, be provided with through hole, on it, be vertically fixed with arc spraying rifle, this arc spraying rifle is positioned at the outlet of working chamber and treats that with annular matrix painting surface is relative, and this arc spraying rifle is positioned at part and anode and the negative electrode composition spray process unit outside working chamber.Master in the apparatus of the present invention shown in Fig. 1 looks in simplified schematic diagram,
Each spray process unit is all connected with an arc pistol power supply separately, each machining cell is all connected with gas-holder and the air compressor supporting with it separately by airway again, each machining cell is also connected with wire transport sector respectively, and different metal or alloy are stored in respectively in different wire material transport sectors.The master that the working chamber that is provided with hard particles in the present invention shown in Fig. 3 removes end cap looks in simplified schematic diagram, in the above-mentioned working chamber that arc pistol is not installed, be provided with hard particles (as corundum, silicon carbide, diamond etc.), be wherein deposited in hard particles in working chamber and fill and be adjacent to annular matrix surface.The master that the working chamber that is provided with friction member in the present invention shown in Fig. 4 removes end cap looks in simplified schematic diagram, in the above-mentioned working chamber that arc pistol is not installed, is provided with friction member (as garnet, flint, oilstone etc.).
The master that the treatment chamber that is 3 spray process unit in the present invention shown in Fig. 5 removes end cap looks in simplified schematic diagram, in the cylinder for the treatment of chamber, be provided with 3 radially dividing plates, aforementioned barriers is divided into separately independently 3 working chambers by treatment chamber, on the cylindrical wall of each working chamber, be equipped with through hole, on each through hole, be all vertically fixed with arc spraying rifle.The master that the treatment chamber that is 4 spray process unit in the present invention shown in Fig. 6 removes end cap looks in simplified schematic diagram, in the cylinder for the treatment of chamber, be provided with 4 radially dividing plates, aforementioned barriers is divided into separately independently 4 working chambers by treatment chamber, on the cylindrical wall of each working chamber, be equipped with through hole, on each through hole, be all vertically fixed with arc spraying rifle.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, be located at annular matrix 2 spray process unit around, each is independent separately, and first spray process unit is connected with A wire and B wire transport sector respectively, and second spray process unit is connected with C wire and D wire transport sector respectively.First open the electric motor being connected with annular revolution matrix, adjust transmission rig, make to be sprayed annular matrix and rotate with the speed of 0.1m/s.Open again the electrical arc spraying power source being connected with first spray process unit, in the process of rotating at annular matrix, control each spray process unit and replace the surface spraying metal or alloy to annular matrix by the order of setting, be that annular matrix be take first machining cell as terminal, in the process rotating a circle, it is 0.5mm metal A sublayer that a layer thickness is just adhered on its surface, closes the electrical arc spraying power source being connected with first spray process unit.The electrical arc spraying power source that unlatching is connected with second spray process unit.Annular matrix be take second machining cell again as terminal, and in the process rotating a circle, in metal A sub-layer surface, just adhering to a layer thickness is 0.5mm metal C sublayer; Close the electrical arc spraying power source being connected with second spray process unit.The electrical arc spraying power source that unlatching is connected with first spray process unit, annular matrix be take first machining cell again as terminal, in the process rotating a circle, in metal C sub-layer surface, just adhering to a layer thickness is 0.5mm metal B sublayer, closes the electrical arc spraying power source being connected with first spray process unit.The electrical arc spraying power source that unlatching is connected with second spray process unit.Annular matrix be take second machining cell again as terminal, and in the process rotating a circle, in metal B sub-layer surface, just adhering to a layer thickness is 0.5mm metal D sublayer.These sublayers are superimposed and form 4 layers of metal-base composites.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, be located at annular matrix 2 spray process unit around, each is independent separately, and first spray process unit is connected with alloy A silk transport sector respectively, and second spray process unit is connected with metal C silk transport sector respectively.First open the electric motor being connected with annular revolution matrix, adjust transmission rig, make to be sprayed annular matrix and rotate with the speed of 0.2m/s.By computer control the first and second spray process unit, replace continuously one by one spraying, open the electrical arc spraying power source being connected with first spray process unit, just on annular matrix, adhere to one deck alloy A sublayer, when annular matrix rotates 1/2 week, the electrical arc spraying power source that unlatching is connected with second spray process unit, just at annular matrix, with on alloy A sublayer, adhere to layer of metal C sublayer, annular matrix be take respectively the first and second machining cells as terminal, in the process rotating a circle, just form the multiple layer metal based composites with the corresponding different components of machining cell number and weave construction.