A kind of method of preparing Floating agent for coal with animal-plant oil and abendoned oil
Technical field
A kind of method of preparing Floating agent for coal with animal-plant oil and waste grease of the present invention, belongs to the utilization of renewable energy solar energy and waste grease, the preparation of Floating agent for coal and Application Areas thereof.Be specifically related to a kind of renewable sun power that utilizes environmental protection, take animal-plant oil or waste grease as raw material, by controlling the type of photocatalyst material, under sunlight, UV-light or visible light photocatalysis effect, prepare hydro carbons, lipid acid, Floating agent for coal that Ester ratio is different.
Background technology
The main component of animal-plant oil is fatty acid triglyceride, with C
12~C
22be that main alkyl chain and ester group form, and sulphur and nitrogen element content few.Along with the raising day by day of standard of living and the fast development of food and restaurant service industry, produce a large amount of waste greases, wherein, small part is sent to chemical plant and produces lipid acid and soap, and most waste grease is refined by improper channel processing by illegal molecule and becomes " edible oil " market that circulates, again walk to put on the dining table, because animal-plant oil can produce the carcinogenic substances such as hypertoxic flavacin, benzopyrene through high oxidation, this produces grave danger to the mankind's health and environmental safety.Therefore to the comprehensive utilization of waste grease, be, to benefit one of the healthy living of the whole society and Economic Sustainable Development Strategy.
At present, the regeneration of waste grease mainly comprises following several respects: the one,, by fatty acid soaps and glycerine that after glycerine fatty acid three esters or fatty acid saponification, generating washing is used, or decolouring and saponification after product are directly as the raw material (CN102586042A, CN202440485U) of producing washing powder; The 2nd,, the waste grease of take is prepared biological demulsifying agent as carbon source through fermentation, and it is the emulsion splitter that carbon source produces that its output and demulsification are better than take paraffin, and product be Lipopeptide Biosurfactants (Liu Jia etc. environmental science, 2009,30 (6): 1779-1784.); The 3rd,, thermo-cracking or catalytic pyrolysis are prepared low-carbon alkene class industrial chemicals (CN101314748, CN100546956C, CN103130600); The 4th,, waste grease and low-carbon alcohol are carried out to transesterification under acid base catalysator effect, washing dry preparing biological diesel oil, gasoline and aviation kerosene (CN101294096A, CN102660335A, CN102994138A); Etc..The regeneration comprehensive of the waste grease of above-mentioned report utilizes and in technical scheme, shows following deficiency: the one,, the waste grease usage quantity of producing soap class living organism emulsion splitter is less, cannot solve generation a large amount of waste greases utilize problem; The 2nd,, production method and the technological principle of biofuel, gasoline and aero oil are feasible, but need be greater than 96.5% as demanded fuel fatty acid methyl ester, cause that high purity cost is high, energy consumption is large, complex process etc., the purposes of low-purity is restricted, causes produce market Difficulty etc.Therefore, develop a kind of comprehensive utilization technique and new purposes thereof of novel waste grease extremely urgent.
Since titanium dioxide in 1972 is proved to be and has photocatalysis performance, what photocatalysis oxidation technique was considered to solve persistent organism pollution problem has one of technology of application prospect most, is at home and abroad widely studied in the last few years.Research shows, the main active specy oxyradical of photochemical catalysis (O
2), hole (h
+) and hydroxyl free radical (OH) can realize organic redox or decarboxylic reaction, reach decomposing organic matter,, there is following reaction process (with TiO in release of carbon dioxide and water
2for example) (M.Montazer, et al.International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 50 (2012) 1018-1025):
TiO
2+hν→TiO
2(e
-+h
+) (1)
TiO
2(e
-)+O
2→TiO
2+·O
2 - (2)
TiO
2(e
-)+·O
2 -+2H
+→TiO
2+H
2O
2 (3)
TiO
2(e
-)+H
2O
2→TiO
2+·OH+OH
- (4)
RCH
2COOH+h
+(·OH)→RCH
2·+CO
2+H
2O (5)
RCH
2·+O
2→RCH
2OO· (5)
RCOOCH
3+h
+(·OH)→RCH
3·+CO
2+H
2O (7)
Photocatalysis oxidation technique based on ripe, if clean renewable resources sun power can be introduced in the recycling technique of waste grease, the photocatalysis oxidation technique that adopts simple non-secondary pollution by waste grease optionally control process carry out cracking or decarboxylic reaction is prepared hydro carbons, lipid acid, the product that Ester ratio is different, and as Floating agent for coal, be applied to the flotation of Coal rank, give full play to differential responses product to ature of coal surface to wettability difference, can reach the effective separated object of coal and coal gangue class impurity, thereby both realized the comprehensive utilization of waste grease, again in the situation that the in short supply and energy-saving and cost-reducing economic strategy development of petroleum-based energy, petroleum base diesel oil or kerosene have been solved as the expensive problem of flotation agent.Solar energy photocatalytic technical finesse waste grease, is applied to Floating agent for coal by cracking or decarboxylic reaction product and have not been reported, and the present invention is to the technology application of exploitation solar energy photocatalytic and promote that Floating agent for coal development field aspect is all significant.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method of preparing Floating agent for coal with animal-plant oil and waste grease of the present invention, belong to the utilization of renewable energy solar energy and waste grease, the preparation of Floating agent for coal and Application Areas thereof, its object is: the inexhaustible sun power that utilizes environmental protection, take animal-plant oil or waste grease as raw material, by controlling the type of photocatalyst material, under sunlight, UV-light or visible light photocatalysis effect, prepare hydro carbons, lipid acid, Floating agent for coal and application method thereof that Ester ratio is different.
A kind of method of preparing Floating agent for coal with animal-plant oil and waste grease of the present invention, it is characterized in that a kind of inexhaustible sun power that utilizes environmental protection, take animal-plant oil or waste grease as raw material, by controlling the type of photocatalyst material, under sunlight, UV-light or visible light photocatalysis effect, prepare the different Floating agent for coal of hydro carbons, fatty acid or ester class material proportion and the method for application thereof: the method comprises the following steps:
1) animal-plant oil after filtering or filtrate the pouring into of waste grease are filled in the beaker of water, alcohol or both mixing liquids, wherein, oil is with the weight ratio of water, oil and alcohol, oil and water and alcohol: 1:0.1~1, is designated as precursor liquid;
2) according to weight ratio, be that 1:500~1000 take photocatalyst and above-mentioned 1) in precursor liquid, wherein, photocatalyst is a kind of in titanium dioxide, chlorine oxygen bismuth, bromine oxygen bismuth, iodine oxygen bismuth, bismuth oxide, bismuthyl carbonate, zinc oxide and silicon-dioxide or any two kinds form wherein, and the weight ratio of any two kinds of catalyzer is 1:1;
3) by 2) described photocatalyst adds in the beaker that fills precursor liquid and stirs, and indoor lucifuge 0.5~1h, then, at sunlight, UV-light or radiation of visible light 2~5h, obtains photochemical catalysis decarboxylation or cleavage reaction product;
4) by 3) the described static placement 1~2h,Qu upper strata liquid of reaction product use distilled water flushing, then by whizzer Separation of Water and oil, repeat 3 times, obtain oily liquids, be Floating agent for coal.
A kind of above-mentioned method of preparing Floating agent for coal with animal-plant oil and waste grease, is characterized in that described animal grease comprises lard, sheep oil, butter or chicken fat; Vegetable oil lipoprotein comprises soya-bean oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, Semen Maydis oil or sesame oil; The discarded food oils that grease, lodging and the catering trade waste grease that waste grease comprises grease that frying abendoned oil, sewer oil, grease can not be edible again after using, can not be edible again after rotten or fume extracting system are collected.
Adopt above-mentioned a kind of prepared Floating agent for coal of method of preparing Floating agent for coal with animal-plant oil and waste grease, it is characterized in that alkane (C in Floating agent for coal
5~C
22), alkene (C
2~C
8), the content of lipid acid and fatty acid ester accounts for respectively 20~60%, 8~15%, 10~20% and 25~50% of oily liquids gross weight, all the other are water.
The present invention is a kind of compared with prior art has following outstanding advantages by the method that animal-plant oil and waste grease are prepared Floating agent for coal:
1, adopted the solar energy photocatalytic technology of environmental protection and the preparation method of Floating agent for coal simple, avoided the input of high-pressure anticorrosion hydrolysis device, non-secondary pollution in Floating agent for coal preparation process and use;
2, the consumption of photocatalyst is little, be in acid-base catalysis method catalyst levels 20~50%, avoid using strong acid as catalyzer, water-soluble good photocatalyst selectivity better and recoverable;
3, choose that dissimilar photocatalyst material is realized waste grease cracking or decarboxylate is effectively controlled, can obtain hydro carbons, lipid acid, Floating agent for coal that ester class ratio is different, meet the needs of coal floatation industry Coal rank and ature of coal;
4, prepared Floating agent for coal flotation effect is better, and cleans ash is lower than 20%, and tail coal ash content is more than 75%;
5, easily to purchase cost low for raw material, and preparation method is simple, and market outlook are considerable.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Filtering weight is 100g waste grease, and the content of free fatty acids and the acid of triglyceride fat is respectively 10.5% and 89.5% by analysis, above-mentioned grease is poured in the beaker that fills 50g water, get titanium dioxide optical catalyst 1g, and indoor lucifuge stirring 1h, open ultra-violet lamp and irradiate 4h, turn off ultraviolet lamp by product stratification 1h, then, get upper strata liquid and with distilled water flushing, then by whizzer Separation of Water and product, repeat 3 times, obtain oily liquids, obtain Floating agent for coal.Known by analysis, in this Floating agent for coal, alkane 36.2%, alkene 8.8%, dialycerides fat acid content 13.3%, fatty methyl esters content are 13.4%, glycerol mono fatty acid ester 5.2%, fatty acid triglyceride 15.5%, all the other are water.
Get Yima, henan Province pit coal sample 151g (moisture 0.73%, ash content 22.82%), adopt XFD-1.5 flotation machine to carry out flotation, coal-water fluid concentration 100g/L, joins 1g Floating agent for coal in the coal slurry of flotation cell, stirs 5min, adjusting flotation machine rotating speed is 1500r/min, and aeration quantity is 0.25m
3/ m
2min, bubble 3min is scraped in flotation, and cleaned coal and tail coal be vacuum filtration respectively, is placed in 75 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature 24h, then ashing fast in retort furnace.Analytical results shows, floatation clean coal productive rate 84.31%, cleans ash 10.88%, tail coal productive rate 15.69%, tail coal ash content 86.97%.
Embodiment 2
Filtering weight is 100g waste grease, and the content of free fatty acids and the acid of triglyceride fat is respectively 10.5% and 89.5% by analysis, above-mentioned grease is poured in the beaker that fills 40g methyl alcohol, get chlorine oxygen bismuth photocatalyst 1g, and indoor lucifuge stirring 1h, open ultra-violet lamp and irradiate 3h, turn off ultraviolet lamp by product stratification 1.5h, then, get upper strata liquid and with distilled water flushing, then by whizzer Separation of Water and product, repeat 3 times, obtain oily liquids, obtain Floating agent for coal.Known by analysis, in this Floating agent for coal, alkane 38.2%, alkene 9.2%, dialycerides fat acid content 13.7%, fatty methyl esters content are 16.4%, glycerol mono fatty acid ester 3.5%, fatty acid triglyceride 14.9%, all the other are water.
Get Shanxi the Lushui River peace pit coal sample 151g (moisture 0.46%, ash content 30.36%), adopt XFD-1.5 flotation machine to carry out flotation, coal-water fluid concentration 100g/L, joins 1g Floating agent for coal in the coal slurry of flotation cell, stirs 5min, adjusting flotation machine rotating speed is 1500r/min, and aeration quantity is 0.25m
3/ m
2min, bubble 3min is scraped in flotation, and cleaned coal and tail coal be vacuum filtration respectively, is placed in 75 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature 24h, then ashing fast in retort furnace.Analytical results shows, floatation clean coal productive rate 79.2%, cleans ash 16.23%, tail coal productive rate 20.8%, tail coal ash content 84.16%.
Embodiment 3
Filtering weight is 100g waste grease, the content of free fatty acids and the acid of triglyceride fat is respectively 10.5% and 89.5% by analysis, above-mentioned grease is poured in the beaker that fills 50g water, getting photocatalyst titanium dioxide and silica ratios is that 1:1 weight is 1g, and indoor lucifuge stirs 1h, open simulated solar irradiation light irradiation 4h, turn off simulated solar lamp by product stratification 2h, then, get upper strata liquid and with distilled water flushing, then by whizzer Separation of Water and product, repeat 3 times, obtain oily liquids, obtain Floating agent for coal.Known by analysis, in this Floating agent for coal, alkane 40.7%, alkene 10.4%, dialycerides fat acid content 11.3%, fatty methyl esters content are 8.4%, glycerol mono fatty acid ester 4.4%, fatty acid triglyceride 16.5%, all the other are water.
Get Taiyuan Coal Preparation Plant coal sample 156g (moisture 3.87%, ash content 20.34%), adopt XFD-1.5 flotation machine to carry out flotation, coal-water fluid concentration 100g/L, joins 1g Floating agent for coal in the coal slurry of flotation cell, stirs 5min, adjusting flotation machine rotating speed is 1500r/min, and aeration quantity is 0.25m
3/ m
2min, bubble 3min is scraped in flotation, and cleaned coal and tail coal be vacuum filtration respectively, is placed in 75 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature 24h, then ashing fast in retort furnace.Analytical results shows, floatation clean coal productive rate 83.69%, cleans ash 11.37%, tail coal productive rate 16.31%, tail coal ash content 76.37%.
Embodiment 4
Filtering weight is 100g waste grease, the content of free fatty acids and the acid of triglyceride fat is respectively 10.5% and 89.5% by analysis, above-mentioned grease is poured into and filled in the beaker that water and methyl alcohol ratio 1:1 weight are 60g, getting bismuth oxychloride as photocatalyst and bromine oxygen bismuth ratio is that 1:1 weight is 1g, and indoor lucifuge stirs 1.5h, open ultra-violet lamp and irradiate 3h, turn off simulated solar light modulation by product stratification 1h, then, get upper strata liquid and with distilled water flushing, then by whizzer Separation of Water and product, repeat 3 times, obtain oily liquids, obtain Floating agent for coal.Known by analysis, in this Floating agent for coal, alkane 37.4%, alkene 9.6%, dialycerides fat acid content 11.9%, fatty methyl esters content are 15.2%, glycerol mono fatty acid ester 4.3%, fatty acid triglyceride 17.5%, all the other are water.
Get Huozhou, Shanxi pit coal sample 152g (moisture 1.5%, ash content 22.36%), adopt XFD-1.5 flotation machine to carry out flotation, coal-water fluid concentration 100g/L, joins 1g Floating agent for coal in the coal slurry of flotation cell, stirs 5min, adjusting flotation machine rotating speed is 1500r/min, and aeration quantity is 0.25m
3/ m
2min, bubble 3min is scraped in flotation, and cleaned coal and tail coal be vacuum filtration respectively, is placed in 75 ℃ of freeze-day with constant temperature 24h, then ashing fast in retort furnace.Analytical results shows, floatation clean coal productive rate 88.77%, cleans ash 15..17%, tail coal productive rate 11.23%, tail coal ash content 79.19%.
Embodiment 5
According to the step of embodiment 1, photocatalyst is replaced by bromine oxygen bismuth, iodine oxygen bismuth, bismuthyl carbonate, zinc oxide, silicon-dioxide, the constant Floating agent for coal of preparing of other conditions.Floating agent for coal composition analysis the results are shown in Table shown in 1; Step according to embodiment 1 is constant, and condition is constant, and the composition analysis of flotation coal the results are shown in Table shown in 2.
Embodiment 6
According to the step of embodiment 4, photocatalyst is replaced by titanium dioxide/bromine oxygen bismuth, titanium dioxide/iodine oxygen bismuth, bromine oxygen bismuth/iodine oxygen bismuth, chlorine oxygen bismuth/bismuthyl carbonate, chlorine oxygen bismuth/zinc oxide, chlorine oxygen bismuth/iodine oxygen bismuth, bromine oxygen bismuth/bismuthyl carbonate, the constant Floating agent for coal of preparing of other conditions.Floating agent for coal composition analysis the results are shown in Table shown in 3; Step according to embodiment 4 is constant, and condition is constant, and the composition analysis of flotation coal the results are shown in Table shown in 4.
Main component and the per-cent thereof of table 1 waste grease reaction product under different photocatalysts
The primary product of the different photocatalyst effects of table 2 is applied to the coal separation effect of Floating agent for coal
Main component and the per-cent thereof of table 3 waste grease reaction product under different photocatalysts
The primary product of the different photocatalyst effects of table 4 is applied to the coal separation effect of Floating agent for coal