CN103506809B - High Temperature High Pressure constant load NOL ring manufacture method Han toxic and harmful environment - Google Patents
High Temperature High Pressure constant load NOL ring manufacture method Han toxic and harmful environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN103506809B CN103506809B CN201210216798.4A CN201210216798A CN103506809B CN 103506809 B CN103506809 B CN 103506809B CN 201210216798 A CN201210216798 A CN 201210216798A CN 103506809 B CN103506809 B CN 103506809B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of High Temperature High Pressure environment constant load NOL ring manufacture method Han toxic and harmful, first, described NOL ring is made up of high-alloy stainless steel material；Second, the billet size requirement needed for the technological process of production prepares required intensity and makes NOL ring of described NOL ring material；3rd, blank is carried out machining, produces NOL ring product, NOL ring is overall non-welding structure；4th, NOL ring is placed in the calorstat of temperature-adjustable, forcing press is utilized to force in upper holder block, make NOL ring be subjected to displacement, pass through applied force value different, measure and obtain different NOL ring displacements, thus obtain power displacement curve at different temperatures, and meeting at different temperatures, power displacement curve is linear, and its linearity is greater than 0.98.The NOL ring that the manufacture method of the present invention is made can meet the examination requirements of simulation actual working conditions, also takes full advantage of existing equipment simultaneously, can save a large amount of expense.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of constant load NOL ring manufacture method under high temperature, high pressure and toxic and harmful environment.
Background technology
At present, the industry such as oil, chemical industry, medicine can use in a large number or produce High Temperature High Pressure H in process of production2S、
SO2、Cl2、CS2, the toxic and harmful such as CO or the liquid containing these toxic gas, and produce, store or transmit this
The metal materials such as tank needed for a little media, groove, pipe, plate the most likely can occur stress corrosion cracking.This type of
Cracking is occurring suddenly far below material yield strength and in the case of not having omen often so that outside toxic and harmful is out of control
Overflow, personnel are brought by environment the biggest harm, it is therefore desirable to metal material used by these tanks, groove, pipe, plate is carried out reality
Suitability inspection under the environment of border, could be by these materials application in Practical Project on the premise of guaranteeing safety.For developing or commenting
Estimate these anti-toxic and harmful materials, need to test under laboratory simulation working condition.
The low-alloy structural steel metal new product contacted with toxic and harmful for exploitation, such as anti-H 2 S oil well pipe, mesh
Before all test by tetra-kinds of methods of A, B, C, D of international NACE TM 0177, these four method is respectively arranged with spy
Point, but with regard to simulation and operability from the point of view of, be most commonly used that A method.A method is the dead load under normal temperature and pressure environment
Lotus is tested, and is the current the most acceptable method of oil field user, and round of visits is 720 hours, and verifying attachment sees Fig. 1, and it is former
Reason is to utilize counteracting force produced by the deformation of NOL ring 37 to be carried on sample.
But, the actual service condition of oil well pipe is far from so, is on active service often under conditions of High Temperature High Pressure, and this just carries
Go out product suitability examination requirements under actual working conditions.For reaching this target, the reply taked the most both at home and abroad is arranged
Shi Shi: as it is shown in figure 1, test flume 35 and accessory thereof are all changed into can pressure-bearing heat-proof corrosion resistant erosion high alloy material, and
And a set of supercharging and thermostat need to be added.The once inspection of standard regulation needs 3 samples, in other words, must be equipped with 3 NOL rings
Correspond because NOL ring can only carry out the inspection of a sample, due to the test period be 720 hours (one
Month), according at present to domestic and international manufacturing enterprise and the investigation of research unit, it is equipped with more than at least 15 groups (45)
Ring, maintains the normal need produced with scientific research the most reluctantly as certain oil well pipe manufacturing enterprise domestic is equipped with 86 groups of (258) rings
Wanting, and often organize the current price of ring all more than 200,000 dollars, such price is that general unit can not be born, just by
In this reason, up to the present, solution well is not the most found in the constant load inspection under simulation actual working conditions.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of High Temperature High Pressure environment constant load NOL ring manufacturer Han toxic and harmful
Method, the NOL ring that this manufacture method is made can meet the examination requirements of simulation actual working conditions, also takes full advantage of existing simultaneously
Equipment, a large amount of expense can be saved.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of High Temperature High Pressure constant load NOL ring manufacture method Han toxic and harmful environment,
First, described NOL ring is made up of high-alloy stainless steel material；
Second, the technological process of production of described NOL ring material is: 1) electric furnace smelting, obtains described high-alloy stainless steel material object
Composition；2) electroslag remelting, obtains clean steel and the amount of inclusions, distribution and the form that control in steel；3) forging, is worn
Shape and size needed for hole；4) hot-puncturing process, hollow forging molding；5) heat treatment, controls precipitated phase in material；6) cold
Roll, control deflection, obtain the intensity of requirement and make billet size requirement needed for NOL ring；
3rd, blank is carried out machining, produces NOL ring product, NOL ring is overall non-welding structure；
4th, NOL ring is placed in the calorstat of temperature-adjustable, utilizes forcing press to force in upper holder block, make NOL ring that position to occur
Move, pass through applied force value different, measure and obtain different NOL ring displacements, thus obtain power-position at different temperatures
Moving curve, and meet at different temperatures, force-displacement curve is linear, and its linearity is greater than 0.98.
The main component of described high-alloy stainless steel material includes by percentage to the quality: C:0.01-0.05, Mn:0.2-
2.0, P :≤0.03, S :≤0.01, Cr:15-25, Mo:5-15, W:0.3-5, Ni:50-60, N:0.0005-0.2,
Cu:1-5, Co:0.3-5, Al:0.01-0.20, surplus is ferrum and inevitable impurity.Described high-alloy stainless steel material
Main component also includes: one or more element of V, Ti, Ca, B, wherein V:0.01-0.3, Ti:0.01-
0.70, B:0.0001-0.015, Ca:0.001-0.01.
Described NOL ring product size is: thickness 5-35mm, internal diameter 40-100mm, wall thickness 5-15mm.
The NOL ring that the manufacture method of the present invention is made is according to known hole condition condition the harshest: PH2S≤12MPa、
PCO2≤8MPa、Cl-≤ 250g/L, containing elemental sulfur, temperature≤150 DEG C, with this understanding, NOL ring material use one
High-alloy stainless steel material, its main chemical compositions effect is as follows:
C: during containing too much C, M23C6The amount of type carbide dramatically increases, and the extensibility of alloy and toughness reduce, and deteriorate material
Processing and serviceability；The NOL ring material C content of the present invention is 0.01-0.05%；
Mn: add suitable Mn and can improve the intensity of material, but too much Mn can make material generation component segregation, causes product
Performance has directivity, finally makes material be corroded by inequality, causes losing efficacy, and the NOL ring material Mn content of the present invention is
0.2-2.0%；
The impurity that P:P is the most inevitably mixed into into, generally, when containing more P in the alloy, the processability of material
Energy, corrosion resistance can significantly deteriorate；The NOL ring material P content of the present invention is less than or equal to 0.03%；
S:S is also the impurity being inevitably mixed into into, generally, when containing more S in the alloy, and the processability of material
Energy, corrosion resistance can significantly deteriorate；The NOL ring material S content of the present invention is less than or equal to 0.01%；
Cr:Cr and W has the effect making alloy corrosion resistance and intensity improve, when Cr is more than 15%, can significantly obtain on
State effect.But when Cr content is more than 25%, the processing characteristics of alloy reduces.The NOL ring material C r content of the present invention
For 15-25%；
Mo:Mo all have with the effect of raising alloy strength under the coexisting of Cr, have and significantly improve corrosion resistance, particularly improve
The effect of resistance to spot corrosion.But when Mo content is more than 15%, the mechanical performance such as ductility and the toughness that can cause material
Greatly lower；The NOL ring material Mo content of the present invention is 5-15%；
W:W have with the effect of raising alloy strength under the coexisting of Cr, have and significantly improve corrosion resistance, particularly improve resistance to point
Corrosive effect.But when W content is more than 5%, greatly subtracting of the mechanical performance such as ductility and the toughness that can cause material
Low；The NOL ring material W content of the present invention is 0.3-5%；
Ni:Ni has the effect of the matrix stable making austenite, its purpose is in Ni alloy containing substantial amounts of Cr, Mo etc.
There is element necessary to the element of invigoration effect and corrosion-resistant effect.Additionally, Ni suppression generates the effect of σ phase.Ni's
Above-mentioned each effect can be readily derived when content is more than more than 40%；On the other hand, add Ni the most too much and can cause alloy
The excessive rising of cost, will also result in the surplus of performance simultaneously, produces unnecessary wasting phenomenon.The NOL ring material of the present invention
Ni content is 50-60%；
N:N has the effect of alloy precipitation strength, but too much N can make material embrittlement, and the machine such as the ductility of cause material and toughness
The greatly attenuating of tool performance；The NOL ring material N content of the present invention is 0.0005-0.2%；
Cu:Cu is the element being effectively improved the corrosion resistance under acid gas environment, is particularly confirming as the acid gas environment that S is simple substance
Under, coexist with Cr, Mo and W and there is the effect that greatly improves corrosion resistance.Can obtain when Cu content is 1-5%
The effect above, but too much interpolation Cu can make the ductility of material and toughness lower, and affects processability and the mechanicalness of material
Energy；The NOL ring material C u content of the present invention is 1-5%；
Co: add Co, then there is the effect making stabilization of austenite.In order to reliably obtain the effect above, preferably Co is 0.3%
Above content.But, a large amount of Co that add can cause the excessive rising of cost of alloy, therefore NOL ring material C o of the present invention
Content is 0.3-5%；
Al: aluminum with refiner material crystal grain, can improve impact and the hot strength of material, but too much Al can be formed in the material and be mingled with,
To reduce material corrosion resistance and sulfur resistive hydrogen sulfide performance, therefore the NOL ring materials A l content of the present invention is 0.01-
0.20%；
Other elements: be properly added one or more element of V, Ti, Ca, B, wherein V:0.01-0.3%, Ti:0.01-
0.70%, B:0.0001-0.015%, Ca:0.001-0.01%.
Need to load sample due to NOL ring and NOL ring device itself is also by the counteracting force of sample, therefore NOL ring must
Must possess certain mechanical strength and could be competent at the inspection work to sample.Certainly also must possess sulfurated hydrogen stress etching-resisting cracking
Performance.According to NACE TM0177 standard, NACE MR0175 standard, the practical situation bar of world today's sulfur crude gas well
Part, the yield strength claimed range that can obtain NOL ring is: 827-930MPa, tensile strength >=870MPa.
Based on above-mentioned intensity and prerequisite sulfur resistive hydrogen stress corrosion cracking requirement, it is proposed that make the life of NOL ring blank
Production. art flow process: i.e.: electric furnace smelting, obtains target component；Electroslag remelting, obtains clean steel and the field trash number controlled in steel
Amount, distribution and form；Forging, obtains required shape and size of boring a hole；Hot-puncturing process, hollow forging molding；Heat treatment, controls
Precipitated phase in material；Cold rolling, control deflection, obtain the intensity of requirement and make billet size requirement needed for NOL ring.
The principle of NOL ring structure and size design is: overall dimensions is little, and shape is wanted rationally, and loading operation to facilitate,
Easily the most NOL rings can be placed in autoclave, to improve work efficiency simultaneously.Guarantee the chi of sulfur resistive sample simultaneously
Very little meeting NACE TM0177-A method requirement, sulfur resistive sample sees Fig. 2.
The NOL ring of the present invention is after counter stress ring blank carries out machining, produces NOL ring product.NOL ring
Product size is: NOL ring thickness 5-35mm, internal diameter 40-100mm, wall thickness 5-15mm.NOL ring is overall solderless access node
Structure, on the one hand avoids some defects that NOL ring Welding Structure may be brought, and on the other hand NOL ring loading force can be made equal
Even, stable, it can be ensured that in process of the test, sample load subjected to is constant.
The deformation displacement power utilizing NOL ring realizes the constant load to sample and loads, as little in NOL ring displacement, then loading force
Low precision；As NOL ring displacement is big, the most easily make NOL ring produce plastic deformation, cause test data incorrect.Therefore NOL ring
The control of displacement has the biggest associating with the chemical composition of NOL ring, intensity, shape, every size etc..
The constant load NOL ring that the present invention makes, its volume is little, corrosion-resistant, high temperature and high pressure, can will organize NOL ring more
Put in autoclave simultaneously, the most both can meet the examination requirements of simulation actual working conditions, also take full advantage of existing simultaneously
Equipment, save substantial amounts of expense.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing normal temperature and pressure constant load assay device schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is NACE TM0177 constant load sample schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is NOL ring metering device schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is 25 DEG C of NOL ring power-displacement measurement curves；
Fig. 5 is 100 DEG C of NOL ring power-displacement measurement curves；
Fig. 6 is 150 DEG C of NOL ring power-displacement measurement curves；
Fig. 7 is 205 DEG C of NOL ring power-displacement measurement curves；
Fig. 8 is that the NOL ring constant load sample of the present invention loads schematic diagram.
In figure: 1 loads screw rod, and 2 load nut, 3 NOL rings, 4 transition nuts, 5 samples, 6 lower nuts；Press on 21
Block, measuring stick on 22,23 times measuring sticks, 24 calorstats, 25 lower lock blocks；31 load screw rod, and 32 load nut, on 33
Attaching nut, 34 samples, 35 test flumes, 36 times attaching nuts, 37 NOL rings, 38 brackets, 39 amesdials.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
1, the chemical composition of the NOL ring material of the embodiment of the present invention numbered 1 to 3 is as shown in table 1.
The chemical composition of table 1 NOL ring material
| Numbering | C | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | W | Ni | N |
| 1 | 0.02 | 0.52 | 0.008 | 0.002 | 16.3 | 11.81 | 0.5 | 58.1 | 0.002 |
| 2 | 0.03 | 1.35 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 22.1 | 9.21 | 2.7 | 56.1 | 0.002 |
| 3 | 0.02 | 1.42 | 0.007 | 0.004 | 23.4 | 14.35 | 2.3 | 52.2 | 0.003 |
| Numbering | Cu | Co | Al | V | Ti | B | Ca | Fe | |
| 1 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.0025 | 0.002 | Remaining | |
| 2 | 2.34 | 2.48 | 0.01 | 0.1 | 0.002 | Remaining | |||
| 3 | 1.35 | 1.54 | 0.05 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 0.001 | Remaining |
2, the technological process of production of described NOL ring material is: 1) electric furnace smelting, obtains described high-alloy stainless steel material object
Point；2) electroslag remelting, obtains clean steel and the amount of inclusions, distribution and the form that control in steel；3) forging, is bored a hole
Required shape and size；4) hot-puncturing process, hollow forging molding；5) heat treatment, controls precipitated phase in material；It is 6) cold rolling,
Control deflection, obtain the intensity of requirement and make billet size requirement needed for NOL ring.
3, the NOL ring that the method for the present invention is produced is a size of: thickness 25mm, internal diameter 80mm, wall thickness 8mm, should
Power ring entirety non-welding structure.
The NOL ring made the manufacture method of the present invention below is tested, and including tension test, corrosion resistance test, answers
Power ring parameter experiment.
1) stretching and the corrosion resistance that make the pipe of NOL ring are as shown in table 2.
The stretching of table 2 NOL ring and corrosion resistance
Note: table 2 data illustrate that this material is suitable for use under the conditions of extreme harsh simulation hole condition.
2) NOL ring parameter
One NOL ring being suitable for inspection must possess: (1) guarantees that force-displacement curve is linear, and its linearity is greater than 0.98；(2)
At different temperature, it is ensured that force-displacement curve is linear, and its linearity is greater than 0.98, and its basic reason is ensured that examination
Test data and be less than the error of 2%.
Fig. 3 is NOL ring metering device schematic diagram, and the NOL ring 3 by numbered 1 is placed in the calorstat 24 of temperature-adjustable
In, the temperature needed for a test is set, utilizes forcing press to force in upper holder block 21 so that be positioned on lower lock block 25 should
Power ring 3 is subjected to displacement, the A point on upper measuring stick 22 and the B point on lower measuring stick 23 these 2 record, pass through to be executed
The force value that adds is different, measures and obtains different NOL ring displacements, and the NOL ring power at different temperatures measured according to the method-
Displacement curve, sees Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, there it can be seen that the NOL ring linearity is more than 0.98, meets linear
Degree requirement.
According to said method, the NOL ring by numbered 2 and 3 uses above-mentioned same method to measure, its
25 DEG C, 100 DEG C, 150 DEG C, the linearity of pressure & displacement curve at a temperature of 205 DEG C be all higher than 0.98, be shown in Table 3, this be described
The NOL ring of inventive embodiments numbering 1 to 3 meets test requirements document.
Table 3 NOL ring metric results
The work process of the NOL ring that the manufacture method of the present invention is made is as follows:
See Fig. 8, first according to the requirement of test, determine test temperature, and search out NOL ring metering curve at such a temperature,
The i.e. force-displacement curve of NOL ring, as shown in Figures 4 to 7, subsequently according to the setting force value being carried on sample, by inserting
Enter method and obtain the NOL ring shift value corresponding with this force value.
Operating process: be placed in by sample 5 inside NOL ring 3,5 times screw threads of sample are connected with lower nut 6, on sample 5
Screw thread is connected with middle transition nut 4, is connected with transition nuts 4 by loading screw rod 1, will load nut 2 twist-on to loading spiral shell
On bar 1, loading nut 2 is made to be in fully relaxed state, initial with between A, B on miking NOL ring 3 at 2
Distance, fixes transition nuts 4 by wrench (not shown), rotates with spanner limit simultaneously and load nut 2 limit measurement NOL ring
Distance between A, B, when NOL ring 3 displacement is close to target, answers trace to rotate and loads nut 2, until NOL ring 3 displacement
Till value reaches setting value, the NOL ring 3 having loaded sample 5 is placed on the shelf in autoclave, pours test simulation liquid into
(generally containing SO2 2=、Cl-Deng), kettle cover is installed, is passed through the gases at high pressure of setting (such as H2S、CO2, CO etc. is a kind of or number
Kind combination), set test temperature, displace toxic gas in still with nitrogen after 720 hours, open kettle cover and take out stress
Ring 3, unloads sample 5, observes the test situation of sample 5 by NACE TM0177-A method.
The NOL ring made according to the manufacture method of the present invention, through the test of 10 rounds nearly half a year, and tests every time
After end, measuring through counter stress ring again, its parameter is the most in allowed limits, it was demonstrated that the manufacture method of the present invention is made
NOL ring practical, and reached the effect that test accuracy is high, economic, easy to operate, solved simulated oil well
NACE TM0177-constant load inspection under the conditions of gas well condition.
These are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention, therefore, all
Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made within the spirit and principles in the present invention, should be included in the protection model of the present invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (3)
1. High Temperature High Pressure constant load NOL ring manufacture method Han toxic and harmful environment, is characterized in that:
First, described NOL ring is made up of high-alloy stainless steel material；
Second, the technological process of production of described NOL ring material is: 1) electric furnace smelting, obtains described high-alloy stainless steel material object
Composition；2) electroslag remelting, obtains clean steel and the amount of inclusions, distribution and the form that control in steel；3) forging, is worn
Shape and size needed for hole；4) hot-puncturing process, hollow forging molding；5) heat treatment, controls precipitated phase in material；6) cold
Roll, control deflection, obtain the intensity of requirement and make billet size requirement needed for NOL ring；
3rd, blank is carried out machining, produces NOL ring product, NOL ring is overall non-welding structure；
4th, NOL ring is placed in the calorstat of temperature-adjustable, utilizes forcing press to force in upper holder block, make NOL ring that position to occur
Move, pass through applied force value different, measure and obtain different NOL ring displacements, thus obtain power-position at different temperatures
Moving curve, and meet at different temperatures, force-displacement curve is linear, and its linearity is greater than 0.98；
The main component of described high-alloy stainless steel material includes by percentage to the quality: C:0.01-0.05, Mn:0.2-2.0, P:
≤ 0.03, S :≤0.01, Cr:15-25, Mo:5-15, W:0.3-5, Ni:50-60, N:0.0005-0.2, Cu:1-5,
Co:0.3-5, Al:0.01-0.20, surplus is ferrum and inevitable impurity.
Constant load NOL ring manufacture method the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the master of described high-alloy stainless steel material
Want composition the most also to include: one or more element of V, Ti, Ca, B, wherein V:0.01-0.3,
Ti:0.01-0.70, B:0.0001-0.015, Ca:0.001-0.01.
Constant load NOL ring manufacture method the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described NOL ring product size is: thick
Degree 5-35mm, internal diameter 40-100mm, wall thickness 5-15mm.
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| CN201210216798.4A CN103506809B (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2012-06-28 | High Temperature High Pressure constant load NOL ring manufacture method Han toxic and harmful environment |
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| CN103926146B (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-08-17 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of small sample constant load stress corrosion test device and method of testing thereof |
| CN107290213B (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2019-08-20 | 江苏金钿实业有限公司 | A kind of corrosion-resistant detection method of wrist-watch steel bracelet |
| CN110208108B (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2022-04-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | A single chuck type micro-motion fatigue test device suitable for high temperature |
| CN112240851A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-19 | 衡阳华菱钢管有限公司 | Loading auxiliary device |
| CN112345378B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-03-04 | 北京科技大学 | A semi-solid liquid core forging thermal simulation device and method |
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| CN1411921A (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2003-04-23 | 北京科技大学 | Hot-rolling perforation-cold-rolling forming method for hollow rock-drill steel |
| CN101377461A (en) * | 2007-08-28 | 2009-03-04 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Apparatus and method for measuring welding tube corrosion under stress condition |
| CN102000954A (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2011-04-06 | 攀钢集团钢铁钒钛股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing continuous pipe mill retained mandrel |
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