CN103495251B - Human body hyperpolarized gas breathing equipment under a kind of non-narcotization - Google Patents
Human body hyperpolarized gas breathing equipment under a kind of non-narcotization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于非麻醉状态下人体超极化气体呼吸系统装置，该装置包含控制台（1）、I/O接口（2）、四个电磁阀（5、8、11、14）、四个固态继电器（3、7、10、12）、两通气控阀（16）、三通变向气控阀（20）、三个气体流量计（4、9、19），两个氮气瓶（13、15）、超极化气体采样袋（17）、密封有机玻璃盒（18）和氧气瓶（6）。由控制台通过I/O接口控制固态继电器通断电磁阀，电磁阀开关气控阀控制人体每次吸入和呼出气体的状态。本发明结构简单，控制方便，能使人体在非麻醉状态下可以精确地吸入并呼出恒定体积的超极化气体，可多次呼吸并重复采样。
The invention discloses a human body hyperpolarized gas breathing system device under non-anesthesia state, the device comprises a console (1), an I/O interface (2), four solenoid valves (5, 8, 11, 14 ), four solid state relays (3, 7, 10, 12), two-way air control valve (16), three-way reversing air control valve (20), three gas flow meters (4, 9, 19), two Nitrogen cylinders (13, 15), hyperpolarized gas sampling bag (17), sealed plexiglass box (18) and oxygen cylinder (6). The console controls the solid-state relay to turn on and off the solenoid valve through the I/O interface, and the solenoid valve switches the air control valve to control the state of each inhalation and exhalation of the human body. The invention has the advantages of simple structure and convenient control, and enables the human body to accurately inhale and exhale a constant volume of hyperpolarized gas in a non-anesthetized state, allowing multiple respirations and repeated sampling.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于超极化气体磁共振成像和波谱领域，更具体涉及一种超极化气体呼吸装置，还涉及呼吸过程控制，适用于超极化气体的核磁共振成像和波谱。 The invention belongs to the field of hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance imaging and spectrum, and more specifically relates to a hyperpolarized gas breathing device, and also relates to breathing process control, which is suitable for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectrum of hyperpolarized gas.
背景技术 Background technique
核磁共振成像作为一种无放射性、无侵入式的成像技术在医院中广泛地用来诊断脑部疾病、肌肉损伤等相关部位的病变等。但是，在肺部疾病的诊断方面显的十分无力，因为现在商用的核磁共振成像仪主要是以质子为检测核，而肺部主要是由肺泡组成的空腔结构，质子的密度很低导致核磁共振的信号十分低。因此，常规的核磁共振成像（以质子为观察核的磁共振影像）不能得到肺部的磁共振影像。 As a non-radioactive and non-invasive imaging technology, magnetic resonance imaging is widely used in hospitals to diagnose brain diseases, muscle injuries and other related lesions. However, it is very weak in the diagnosis of lung diseases, because the current commercial nuclear magnetic resonance imager mainly uses protons as the detection nucleus, and the lungs are mainly composed of alveoli. The resonance signal is very low. Therefore, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (magnetic resonance imaging with protons as the observation nucleus) cannot obtain magnetic resonance images of the lungs.
近年来，利用激光光泵和自旋交换技术极化惰性气体的方法提高核磁共振信号的方式得到了极大关注。核磁共振信号的强度（S）与原子核的极化度（P0）相关，质子核在磁场中由波尔兹曼分布决定的热平衡极化度，而经过激光光泵和自旋交换技术的方法得到的惰性气体核的极化度，比质子核热平衡的极化度高10000倍以上，而肺部的质子密度与组织的密度相比低三个量级左右，因此，利用激光光泵和自旋交换技术产生的非平衡核自旋极化惰性气体的核磁共振信号作为造影剂的方式可以获得肺部的磁共振成像。 In recent years, the method of polarizing the noble gas using laser optical pumping and spin exchange technology to improve the NMR signal has received great attention. The intensity (S) of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal is related to the polarization degree (P 0 ) of the atomic nucleus. The thermal equilibrium polarization degree of the proton nucleus in the magnetic field is determined by the Boltzmann distribution. The polarizability of the obtained inert gas nucleus is more than 10,000 times higher than that of the proton nuclear thermal equilibrium, and the proton density of the lung is about three orders of magnitude lower than that of the tissue. Therefore, using the laser optical pump and the auto Non-equilibrium nuclear spin-polarized noble gas NMR signals generated by spin-exchange technology can be used as a contrast agent for MRI of the lungs.
目前，在人体肺部的超极化惰性气体的成像主要方式为：将激光光泵极化器上收集到极化的惰性气体转移到聚四氟乙烯材质的采样袋（Tedlar）中，然后受试人体将袋中气体吸入肺中，屏气并在磁共振成像仪上进行成像。这种方式虽然可以得到肺部的图像，但是不能保证每次人体都能吸入相同体积的超极化惰性气体，也不能保证每次采样时人体肺部内气体的体积相等。因此限制了超极化惰性气体在人体肺部成像上的应用和定量分析，特别是需要多次重复采样才能得到参数的信息，例如肺部的扩散测量、肺部换气功能（FractionalVentilation）等的定量分析。 At present, the main way of imaging hyperpolarized inert gas in the human lungs is to transfer the polarized inert gas collected by the laser optical pump polarizer into a sampling bag (Tedlar) made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and then subject it to The test person inhales the air in the bag into the lungs, holds the breath and images it on an MRI machine. Although this method can obtain images of the lungs, it cannot guarantee that the human body can inhale the same volume of hyperpolarized inert gas every time, nor can it guarantee that the volume of gas in the human lungs is equal each time it is sampled. Therefore, the application and quantitative analysis of hyperpolarized inert gases in human lung imaging are limited, especially the information of parameters needs to be repeatedly sampled, such as the diffusion measurement of the lungs, the fractional ventilation function of the lungs (Fractional Ventilation), etc. quantitative analysis.
相对于超极化惰性气体在人体的肺部成像，动物的肺部成像可以实现重复性吸入等量的超极化惰性气体，可以得到相比于一次吸气更高质量的磁共振成像，以及需要多次吸入气体才能测量的扩散等参数。这是因为动物在超极化惰性气体成像时一般为麻醉状态，通过插管方法和呼吸机控制动物的呼入和呼出的气体量、以及屏气和采样，实现每次采样时吸入等量的超极化惰性气体。但是，对于人体的超极化惰性气体磁共振成像，出于人体安全和舒适度的考虑，一般是在清醒状态下进行自主呼吸。因此，每次吸入和呼出的气体体积比较难控制。 Compared with the lung imaging of hyperpolarized inert gas in the human body, the lung imaging of animals can achieve repeated inhalation of the same amount of hyperpolarized inert gas, and can obtain higher-quality magnetic resonance imaging than one-time inhalation, and Parameters such as diffusion that require multiple inhalations of gas to measure. This is because animals are generally under anesthesia during hyperpolarized inert gas imaging. The amount of inhaled and exhaled gas, as well as breath holding and sampling are controlled by intubation method and ventilator, so as to realize the inhalation of the same amount of hyperpolarized gas for each sampling. Polarized inert gas. However, for hyperpolarized inert gas magnetic resonance imaging of the human body, for the safety and comfort of the human body, spontaneous breathing is generally performed in an awake state. Therefore, the volume of gas inhaled and exhaled is more difficult to control.
目前已有的呼吸机或者呼吸系统，（1）对于动物，通常需要麻醉后，通过监测肺部的气体压力或者通过气体限流器用高压的方式给气，使其被动的吸入和呼出气体；（2）常规的用于人体的呼吸机，可以实现人体定量的气体吸入，但是，一般也是通过压力的方式使人体被动的呼吸，但是不能实现等量的呼出气体。 The existing ventilator or breathing system, (1) For animals, usually after anesthesia, it is necessary to monitor the gas pressure in the lungs or give gas in a high-pressure way through a gas restrictor, so that it can passively inhale and exhale gas; ( 2) Conventional ventilators for the human body can achieve quantitative gas inhalation by the human body. However, they generally make the human body passively breathe through pressure, but cannot achieve the same amount of exhaled gas.
另外，鉴于超极化惰性气体的特殊性，使用时，一方面需要人体定量的吸入气体，另一方面需要保持惰性气体的极化度。 In addition, in view of the particularity of hyperpolarized inert gas, when using it, on the one hand, the human body needs to inhale the gas quantitatively, and on the other hand, it is necessary to maintain the polarization of the inert gas.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是在于针对现有技术存在的上述问题，提供一种非麻醉状态下人体超极化气体呼吸装置。该装置包含控制台、I/O接口，四个电磁阀、四个固态继电器、两通气控阀、三通变向气控阀、三个气体流量计、两个氮气瓶、超极化气体采样袋、密封有机玻璃盒和氧气瓶。本装置结构简单，控制方便，能使人体在非麻醉状态下可以精确地吸入并呼出恒定体积的超极化气体，保证每次在吸入超极化气体的时候肺部内的气体体积是恒定的，可多次呼吸并重复采样。 The object of the present invention is to provide a hyperpolarized gas breathing device for human body under non-anesthesia state to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art. The device includes console, I/O interface, four solenoid valves, four solid state relays, two-way air control valve, three-way reversing air control valve, three gas flow meters, two nitrogen cylinders, hyperpolarized gas sampling bags, airtight plexiglass boxes and oxygen cylinders. The device has a simple structure and is easy to control, enabling the human body to accurately inhale and exhale a constant volume of hyperpolarized gas in a non-anesthetized state, ensuring that the gas volume in the lungs is constant each time the hyperpolarized gas is inhaled , allowing for multiple breaths and repeated sampling.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案： In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种非麻醉状态下人体超极化气体呼吸装置，该装置包含控制台、I/O接口，四个电磁阀、四个固态继电器、两通气控阀、三通变向气控阀、三个气体流量计、两个氮气瓶、超极化气体采样袋、密封有机玻璃盒和氧气瓶；第一电磁阀的出气口通过管道与第一气体流量计的进气口连通，第一气体流量计接有气体出口管道，第一电磁阀的进气口经三通管道分别与三通变向气控阀的接口A和第二电磁阀的出气口连通，第一电磁阀的控制端与第一固态继电器的输出端连接，第二电磁阀的进气口通过管道与第三气体流量计的出气口连通，第三气体流量计的进口通过管道与氧气瓶连通，第二电磁阀的控制端与第二固态继电器的输出端连接，第三电磁阀的进气口通过管道与第一氮气瓶连接，出气口通过管道与三通变向气控阀的控制气接口连通，第三电磁阀的控制端与第三固态继电器的输出端连接，第四电磁阀的进气口通过管道与第二氮气瓶连通，出气口与两通气控阀的控制气接口连接，第四电磁阀的控制端与第四固态继电器的输出端连接，超极化气体采样袋放在密封有机玻璃盒子内，超极化气体采样袋通过管道与两通气控阀的进气口连通，密封有机玻璃盒子通过管道与第二气体流量计的进气口连通，第二气体流量计接有气体出口管道，两通气控阀的出气口通过管道与三通变向气控阀的接口B连通，三通变向气控阀接有呼吸管道，I/O接口的输入端与控制台的输出端连接，I/O接口的输出端分别与第一固态继电器、第二固态继电器、第三固态继电器和第四固态继电器以及第一气体流量计、第二气体流量计和第三气体流量计的输入端连接。 A hyperpolarized gas breathing device for human body under non-anesthesia state, the device includes console, I/O interface, four solenoid valves, four solid state relays, two-way air control valve, three-way reversing air control valve, three Gas flowmeter, two nitrogen cylinders, hyperpolarized gas sampling bag, sealed plexiglass box and oxygen cylinder; the gas outlet of the first solenoid valve is connected with the inlet of the first gas flowmeter through a pipeline, and the first gas flowmeter Connected with a gas outlet pipeline, the air inlet of the first solenoid valve communicates with the interface A of the three-way reversing air control valve and the gas outlet of the second solenoid valve respectively through the three-way pipeline, and the control end of the first solenoid valve is connected with the first The output end of the solid state relay is connected, the inlet port of the second solenoid valve is connected with the gas outlet port of the third gas flowmeter through the pipeline, the inlet of the third gas flowmeter is connected with the oxygen cylinder through the pipeline, and the control terminal of the second solenoid valve is connected with the gas outlet of the third gas flowmeter. The output end of the second solid state relay is connected, the air inlet of the third electromagnetic valve is connected with the first nitrogen cylinder through the pipeline, the gas outlet is connected with the control air interface of the three-way reversing air control valve through the pipeline, and the control of the third electromagnetic valve The end is connected with the output end of the third solid state relay, the air inlet of the fourth solenoid valve is connected with the second nitrogen cylinder through the pipeline, the gas outlet is connected with the control air interface of the two-way air control valve, the control end of the fourth solenoid valve is connected with the second nitrogen cylinder The output terminals of the four solid-state relays are connected, and the hyperpolarized gas sampling bag is placed in a sealed plexiglass box. The air inlet of the gas flow meter is connected, the second gas flow meter is connected to the gas outlet pipe, the gas outlet of the two-way air control valve is connected to the interface B of the three-way reversing air control valve through the pipe, and the three-way reversing air control valve is connected to There is a breathing pipeline, the input end of the I/O interface is connected to the output end of the console, and the output end of the I/O interface is respectively connected to the first solid state relay, the second solid state relay, the third solid state relay, the fourth solid state relay and the first solid state relay. The input ends of the gas flow meter, the second gas flow meter and the third gas flow meter are connected.
上述超极化气体采样袋中装有超极化气体。 The hyperpolarized gas is contained in the hyperpolarized gas sampling bag.
上述超极化气体为氙气、氦气或者氪气。 The above-mentioned hyperpolarized gas is xenon, helium or krypton.
上述超极化气体采样袋、两通气控阀、三通变向气控阀以及管道均采用聚四氟乙烯材料。 The above-mentioned hyperpolarized gas sampling bag, two-way air control valve, three-way reversing air control valve and pipelines are all made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
将本发明用于非麻醉状态下人体超极化气体的呼吸方法，该方法包含以下步骤： Applying the present invention to the breathing method of human hyperpolarized gas under non-anesthesia state, the method comprises the following steps:
超极化气体采用超极化氙气。 The hyperpolarized gas adopts hyperpolarized xenon gas.
本发明装置开始工作时，三通变向气控阀连通超极化气体管道、呼吸管道，两通气控阀打开，人体肺部吸存储在采样袋中的超极化氙气，储存在采样袋内的超极化氙气的减少会引起采样袋的体积改变，由于整个有机玻璃盒是密闭的，第二气体流量计的一端和密封的有机玻璃盒相连，一端通过第二气体出口管道到空气，二者压力相同，因此超极化气体采样袋内的超极化氙气的改变量可以通过第二气体流量计精确测量，当气体流过第二气体流量计的体积为500ml时，由控制台控制关闭两通气控阀，这时存储在采样袋内的超极化氙气不再流出，人体肺部不能继续吸入气体，进入屏气模式，此时肺部气体体积不变，对人体肺部内的超极化氙气进行采样。 When the device of the present invention starts to work, the three-way reversing air control valve is connected to the hyperpolarized gas pipeline and the breathing pipeline, the two-way air control valve is opened, and the human lungs absorb the hyperpolarized xenon gas stored in the sampling bag and store it in the sampling bag The reduction of the hyperpolarized xenon gas will cause the volume of the sampling bag to change. Since the entire plexiglass box is airtight, one end of the second gas flow meter is connected to the sealed plexiglass box, and one end is connected to the air through the second gas outlet pipe. The pressure is the same, so the change amount of hyperpolarized xenon gas in the hyperpolarized gas sampling bag can be accurately measured by the second gas flowmeter, when the volume of gas flowing through the second gas flowmeter is 500ml, it will be closed by the console control Two-way air control valve, at this time, the hyperpolarized xenon gas stored in the sampling bag will no longer flow out, and the human lungs cannot continue to inhale gas, and enter the breath-holding mode. xenon gas for sampling.
采样结束后，三通变向气控阀变向连通呼吸管道和氧气呼吸管道，第一电磁阀打开，人体通过呼吸管道主动呼气，当气体经过第一气体流量计的体积达到500ml时，由控制台控制关闭第一电磁阀，同时使三通变向气控阀变向连通超极化气体管道和呼吸管道，人体肺部呼气结束。 After the sampling is over, the three-way reversing air control valve changes direction to connect the breathing pipe and the oxygen breathing pipe, the first solenoid valve is opened, and the human body actively exhales through the breathing pipe. When the volume of the gas passing through the first gas flowmeter reaches 500ml, the The console controls to close the first electromagnetic valve, and at the same time, the three-way reversing air control valve is changed to connect with the hyperpolarized gas pipeline and the breathing pipeline, and the exhalation of the human lungs ends.
呼气结束后，三通变向气控阀变向连通氧气呼吸管道和管道，打开第二电磁阀，人体肺部通过呼吸管道、氧气呼吸管道主动吸入由氧气瓶提供的氧气，当经过第三气体流量计的氧气体积为500ml时，操作控制台关闭第二电磁阀，同时使三通变向气控阀变向连通超极化气体管道和呼吸管道，人体肺部进入屏氧阶段。 After exhalation, the three-way reversing air control valve changes direction to connect with the oxygen breathing pipeline and the pipeline, opens the second solenoid valve, and the human lungs actively inhale the oxygen provided by the oxygen cylinder through the breathing pipeline and the oxygen breathing pipeline. When the oxygen volume of the gas flowmeter is 500ml, the operation console closes the second solenoid valve, and at the same time makes the three-way reversing air control valve change direction to connect the hyperpolarized gas pipeline and the breathing pipeline, and the human lungs enter the oxygen holding stage.
屏氧结束后，三通变向气控阀变向连通管道和氧气呼吸管道，第一电磁阀打开，人体肺部通过呼吸管、氧气呼吸管道呼气，当气体经过第一气体流量计的体积达到500ml时，由控制台控制关闭第一电磁阀，同时使三通变向气控阀变向连通超极化气体管道和呼吸管道，人体肺部呼气结束。 After the oxygen hold is over, the three-way reversing air control valve changes direction to the communication pipe and the oxygen breathing pipe, the first solenoid valve opens, and the human lungs exhale through the breathing pipe and the oxygen breathing pipe. When the gas passes through the volume of the first gas flow meter When it reaches 500ml, the console controls to close the first electromagnetic valve, and at the same time, the three-way reversing air control valve is changed to connect the hyperpolarized gas pipeline and the breathing pipeline, and the exhalation of the human lungs ends.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点和效果： Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
1、人体在非麻醉状态下可以精确地吸入恒定体积的超极化气体，可以呼出相同体积的气体，使用现有的呼吸机或者呼吸系统，人体不能在清醒状态下精确体积的吸入和呼出相同体积的气体； 1. The human body can accurately inhale a constant volume of hyperpolarized gas in a non-anesthetized state, and can exhale the same volume of gas. Using the existing ventilator or breathing system, the human body cannot inhale and exhale the same exact volume in an awake state volume of gas;
2、人体在非麻醉状态下精确的吸入恒定体积的氧气和呼出相同的气体体积，可以保证每次在吸入超极化气体的时候肺部内的气体体积是恒定的。 2. The human body accurately inhales a constant volume of oxygen and exhales the same volume of gas in a non-anesthesia state, which can ensure that the gas volume in the lungs is constant every time the hyperpolarized gas is inhaled.
3、呼吸系统可以实现单次吸入超极化气体进行成像，也可以实现多次重复吸入等量的超极化气体进行由单次吸气不能实现的扩散张量成像。 3. The respiratory system can realize a single inhalation of hyperpolarized gas for imaging, and can also realize multiple repeated inhalations of the same amount of hyperpolarized gas for diffusion tensor imaging that cannot be achieved by a single inhalation.
4、定量吸氧和定量呼气能够同时保证成像的参与者在多次吸超极化气体的情况下保证血氧水平和生理状态。 4. Quantitative oxygen inhalation and quantitative exhalation can simultaneously ensure that the participants in the imaging can maintain the blood oxygen level and physiological state under the condition of repeatedly inhaling hyperpolarized gas.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为一种非麻醉状态下人体超极化气体呼吸装置结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a human hyperpolarized gas breathing device in a non-anesthetized state.
图中：1-控制台；2-I/O接口；3-第一固态继电器；4-第一气体流量计；5-第一电磁阀；6-氧气瓶；7-第二固态继电器；8-第二电磁阀；9-第三气体流量计；10-第三固态继电器；11-第三电磁阀；12-第四固态继电器；13-第一氮气瓶；14-第四电磁阀；15-第二氮气瓶；16-两通气控阀；17-超极化气体采样袋；18-密封的有机玻璃盒；19-第二气体流量计；20-三通变向气控阀。 In the figure: 1-console; 2-I/O interface; 3-first solid state relay; 4-first gas flow meter; 5-first solenoid valve; 6-oxygen cylinder; 7-second solid state relay; 8 - the second solenoid valve; 9- the third gas flow meter; 10- the third solid state relay; 11- the third solenoid valve; 12- the fourth solid state relay; 13- the first nitrogen cylinder; 14- the fourth solenoid valve; 15 - the second nitrogen cylinder; 16 - two-way air control valve; 17 - hyperpolarized gas sampling bag; 18 - sealed plexiglass box; 19 - second gas flow meter; 20 - three-way reversing air control valve.
图2为将本发明用于非麻醉状态下人体超极化气体的呼吸方法流程图。 Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the method for breathing the hyperpolarized gas of the human body under the non-anesthesia state using the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明： Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:
一种非麻醉状态下人体超极化气体呼吸装置，该装置包含控制台1，I/O接口2，四个电磁阀5、8、11、14，四个固态继电器3、7、10、12，两通气控阀16，三通变向气控阀20，三个气体流量计4、9、19，两个氮气瓶13、15，超极化气体采样袋17，密封有机玻璃盒18和氧气瓶6；第一电磁阀5的出气口通过管道与第一气体流量计4的进气口连通，第一气体流量计4接有气体出口管道，第一电磁阀5的进气口经三通管道分别与三通变向气控阀20的接口A和第二电磁阀8的出气口相连，第一电磁阀5的控制端与第一固态继电器3的输出端连接，第二电磁阀8的进气口通过管道与第三气体流量计9的出气口相连，第三气体流量计9的进气口通过管道与氧气瓶6连通，第二电磁阀8的控制端与第二固态继电器7的输出端连接，第三电磁阀11的进气口通过管道与第一氮气瓶13连接，出气口通过管道与三通变向气控阀20的控制气接口相连，第三电磁阀11的控制端与第三固态继电器10的输出端连接，第四电磁阀14的进气口通过管道与第二氮气瓶15连通，出气口与两通气控阀16的控制气接口连接，第四电磁阀14的控制端与第四固态继电器12的输出端连接，超极化气体采样袋17放在密封有机玻璃盒子18内，超极化气体采样袋17通过管道与两通气控阀16连通，密封有机玻璃盒子18通过管道与第二气体流量计19的进气口连通，第二气体流量计19接有气体出口管道，两通气控阀16的出气口通过管道与三通变向气控阀20的接口B相连，三通变向气控阀20接有呼吸管道，I/O接口2的输入端与控制台1的输出端连接，I/O接口2的输出端分别与第一固态继电器3、第二固态继电器7、第三固态继电器10和第四固态继电器12以及第一气体流量计4、第二气体流量计19和第三气体流量计9的输入端连接。 A hyperpolarized gas breathing device for human body under non-anesthesia state, the device includes console 1, I/O interface 2, four solenoid valves 5, 8, 11, 14, and four solid state relays 3, 7, 10, 12 , two-way air control valve 16, three-way reversing air control valve 20, three gas flow meters 4, 9, 19, two nitrogen cylinders 13, 15, hyperpolarized gas sampling bag 17, sealed plexiglass box 18 and oxygen bottle 6; the gas outlet of the first electromagnetic valve 5 is communicated with the air inlet of the first gas flow meter 4 through a pipeline, the first gas flow meter 4 is connected with a gas outlet pipeline, and the air inlet of the first electromagnetic valve 5 is connected through a tee The pipelines are respectively connected to the interface A of the three-way reversing air control valve 20 and the air outlet of the second electromagnetic valve 8, the control end of the first electromagnetic valve 5 is connected to the output end of the first solid state relay 3, and the output end of the second electromagnetic valve 8 The air inlet is connected to the air outlet of the third gas flow meter 9 through a pipeline, the air inlet of the third gas flow meter 9 is communicated with the oxygen cylinder 6 through a pipeline, and the control end of the second solenoid valve 8 is connected with the second solid state relay 7. The output end is connected, the air inlet of the third electromagnetic valve 11 is connected with the first nitrogen cylinder 13 through a pipeline, the gas outlet is connected with the control air interface of the three-way reversing air control valve 20 through a pipeline, the control end of the third electromagnetic valve 11 It is connected with the output end of the third solid state relay 10, the air inlet of the fourth solenoid valve 14 is communicated with the second nitrogen cylinder 15 through a pipeline, and the gas outlet is connected with the control air interface of the two-way air control valve 16, and the air inlet of the fourth solenoid valve 14 The control end is connected to the output end of the fourth solid state relay 12, and the hyperpolarized gas sampling bag 17 is placed in a sealed plexiglass box 18, and the hyperpolarized gas sampling bag 17 is communicated with the two-way air control valve 16 through a pipeline, and the sealed plexiglass box 18 communicates with the inlet port of the second gas flowmeter 19 through a pipeline, the second gas flowmeter 19 is connected with a gas outlet pipeline, and the gas outlet of the two-way air control valve 16 is connected to the interface B of the three-way reversing air control valve 20 through the pipeline The three-way reversing air control valve 20 is connected with a breathing pipeline, the input end of the I/O interface 2 is connected with the output end of the console 1, and the output end of the I/O interface 2 is connected with the first solid state relay 3 and the second solid state relay 3 respectively. The solid state relay 7 , the third solid state relay 10 and the fourth solid state relay 12 are connected to the input terminals of the first gas flow meter 4 , the second gas flow meter 19 and the third gas flow meter 9 .
上述超极化气体采样袋17中装有超极化气体。 The hyperpolarized gas is contained in the hyperpolarized gas sampling bag 17 .
上述超极化气体为氙气、氦气或者氪气。 The above-mentioned hyperpolarized gas is xenon, helium or krypton.
上述超极化气体采样袋17、两通气控阀16、三通变向气控阀20以及管道均采用聚四氟乙烯材料。 The hyperpolarized gas sampling bag 17, the two-way air control valve 16, the three-way reversing air control valve 20 and the pipelines are all made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
将本发明用于非麻醉状态下人体超极化气体的呼吸方法，该方法包含以下步骤： Applying the present invention to the breathing method of human hyperpolarized gas under non-anesthesia state, the method comprises the following steps:
步骤1：控制台1给控制I/O接口2发出指令，分别连通第四固态继电器12和第三固态继电器10，第四电磁阀14和第三电磁阀11分别打开，由第二氮气瓶15和第一氮气瓶13提供的高压氮气分别驱动两通气控阀16打开和三通变向气控阀20连通两通气控阀16和人体之间的管道，人体通过管道主动吸入存储在采样袋17内的超极化氙气体，当控制台1监测到第二气体流量计19流过的体积为500ml时，发出指令通过第四固态继电器12控制的第四电磁阀14使两通气控阀16关闭，人体进入屏气阶段进行磁共振成像采样； Step 1: The console 1 sends commands to the control I/O interface 2 to communicate with the fourth solid state relay 12 and the third solid state relay 10 respectively, the fourth solenoid valve 14 and the third solenoid valve 11 are respectively opened, and the second nitrogen cylinder 15 The high-pressure nitrogen provided by the first nitrogen cylinder 13 respectively drives the two-way air control valve 16 to open and the three-way reversing air control valve 20 to communicate with the pipeline between the two-way air control valve 16 and the human body, and the human body actively inhales and stores it in the sampling bag 17 through the pipeline. When the console 1 monitors that the flow volume of the second gas flowmeter 19 is 500ml, an instruction is issued to close the two-way air control valve 16 through the fourth electromagnetic valve 14 controlled by the fourth solid state relay 12. , the human body enters the breath-holding stage for magnetic resonance imaging sampling;
步骤2（呼气过程）：控制台1给控制I/O接口2发出指令，分别连通第一、第三固态继电器3、10，控制第一、第三电磁阀5、11分别打开，由第一氮气瓶13提供的高压氮气驱动三通变向气控阀20连通电磁阀5和人体之间的管道，人体肺部通过呼吸管道主动呼出气体，当控制台1监测到第一气体流量计4流过的体积为500ml时，发出指令通过第一固态继电器3和第三固态继电器10分别控制第一电磁阀5和第三电磁阀11关闭，三通变向气控阀20连通两通气控阀16的出口和人体之间的管道，人体肺部呼气结束准备下一次吸气； Step 2 (exhalation process): the console 1 sends instructions to the control I/O interface 2 to communicate with the first and third solid-state relays 3 and 10 respectively, and control the first and third solenoid valves 5 and 11 to open respectively, and the first and third solenoid valves are controlled to open respectively. The high-pressure nitrogen provided by a nitrogen cylinder 13 drives the three-way reversing air control valve 20 to communicate with the pipeline between the solenoid valve 5 and the human body, and the human lungs actively exhale gas through the breathing pipeline. When the flow volume is 500ml, an instruction is issued to control the closing of the first solenoid valve 5 and the third solenoid valve 11 through the first solid state relay 3 and the third solid state relay 10 respectively, and the three-way reversing air control valve 20 is connected to the two-way air control valve The pipeline between the outlet of 16 and the human body, the human lungs are finished exhaling and preparing for the next inhalation;
步骤3（吸氧过程）：控制台1给控制I/O接口2发出指令，分别连通第二固态继电器7和第三固态继电器10，控制第二电磁阀8和第三电磁阀11分别打开，由第一氮气瓶13提供的高压氮气驱动三通变向气控阀20连通电磁阀8和人体之间的管道，人体肺部通过呼吸管道主动吸入由氧气瓶6提供的氧气，当控制台1监测到第三气体流量计9流过的气体体积为500ml时，发出指令通过第二固态继电器7和第三固态继电器10分别控制第二电磁阀8和第三电磁阀11关闭，三通变向气控阀20连通超极化气体管道和呼吸管道，人体肺部吸气结束准备下一次呼气； Step 3 (oxygen inhalation process): the console 1 sends commands to the control I/O interface 2 to communicate with the second solid state relay 7 and the third solid state relay 10 respectively, and control the second solenoid valve 8 and the third solenoid valve 11 to open respectively, The high-pressure nitrogen provided by the first nitrogen cylinder 13 drives the three-way reversing air control valve 20 to communicate with the pipeline between the solenoid valve 8 and the human body, and the human lungs actively inhale the oxygen provided by the oxygen cylinder 6 through the breathing pipeline. When the console 1 When it is detected that the volume of gas flowing through the third gas flow meter 9 is 500ml, an instruction is issued to control the closing of the second solenoid valve 8 and the third solenoid valve 11 through the second solid state relay 7 and the third solid state relay 10 respectively, and the three-way direction change The air control valve 20 is connected to the hyperpolarized gas pipeline and the breathing pipeline, and the human lungs are ready for the next exhalation after inhalation;
步骤4：重复步骤2进行呼气，然后返回步骤1，进行循环直至停止采样。 Step 4: Repeat step 2 to exhale, then return to step 1, and cycle until the sampling is stopped.
以上具体实施方式步骤中的气体体积假定设定量为500mL，在实际实验中可以根据实验需要调整。 The gas volume in the steps of the above specific embodiment assumes that the set volume is 500 mL, which can be adjusted according to experimental needs in actual experiments.
除超极化氙（131Xe和129Xe）气外，超极化气体也包括：超极化氦（3He）气,超极化氪（87Kr）气等。 In addition to hyperpolarized xenon ( 131 Xe and 129 Xe) gases, hyperpolarized gases also include: hyperpolarized helium ( 3 He) gas, hyperpolarized krypton ( 87 Kr) gas, etc.
超极化气体呼吸装置的工作过程分为四步，即：吸入超级化气体并屏气—呼出气体—吸入给定量的氧气—呼出气体。吸入超极化气体指的是在超级化气体呼吸系统的控制下人体主动吸入定量的超极化气体并屏气进行采样；采样结束后，在呼吸系统的控制下人体肺部主动呼出呼吸系统给定体积的气体；然后为了维持人体的正常的生理状态，在呼吸系统的控制下，人体肺部吸入呼吸系统设定的氧气体积；然后在呼吸系统的控制下，人体肺部呼出呼吸系统设定体积的气体，然后进入下一个气体循环。还可以根据实验的需要和人体的生理状态选择多次呼吸氧气、再吸入超极化氙气，也可以选择连续多次吸入超极化氙气、再采样、再呼吸氧气维持正常的生理状态。 The working process of the hyperpolarized gas breathing device is divided into four steps, namely: inhale the hyperpolarized gas and hold your breath—exhale the gas—inhale a given amount of oxygen—exhale the gas. Inhalation of hyperpolarized gas refers to the human body actively inhales a certain amount of hyperpolarized gas under the control of the hyperpolarized gas breathing system and holds the breath for sampling; Then in order to maintain the normal physiological state of the human body, under the control of the respiratory system, the human lungs inhale the oxygen volume set by the respiratory system; then under the control of the respiratory system, the human lungs exhale the set volume of the respiratory system gas, and then enter the next gas cycle. You can also choose to breathe oxygen multiple times and then inhale hyperpolarized xenon gas according to the needs of the experiment and the physiological state of the human body, or you can choose to inhale hyperpolarized xenon gas multiple times in a row, re-sampling, and rebreathing oxygen to maintain a normal physiological state.
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| CN1777454A (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2006-05-24 | 医疗物理有限公司 | MRI/NMR-compatible,tidal volume control and measurement systems,methods,and devices for respiratory and hyperpolarized gas delivery |
| CN1575750A (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-02-09 | Ge医疗系统环球技术有限公司 | Rare gas polarizer apparatus and magnetic resonance imaging system |
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