CN103491675A - Single PWM multi-group driving and power consumption accurate measurement method - Google Patents
Single PWM multi-group driving and power consumption accurate measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a circuit controlling power of multiple loads by using MCU single-channel PWM output, and particularly multiple LED loads are digitally driven by using a low-cost MCU. According to work requirements, power distribution is conducted on each load; by new algorithm design, power distribution and PWM output are coupled so that the low-cost MCU can be used; in the new design, each single load can be measured, therefore, the working state of each corresponding branch load is obtained, and fault isolation is conducted; according to the new design, calibration data which are tested can be written in the MCU in a production stage, and therefore the MCU can identify various different loads.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to integrated circuit, circuit hardware design and Embedded Software Design field, particularly a kind of MCU single channel PWM that utilizes exports, multichannel loading is carried out to the circuit of power control, utilize cheap MCU, Multi-path LED load is carried out to digital driving, according to need of work, each road load is carried out to power division; Design by new algorithm, power division and PWM output decoupling are closed, make the use of cheap MCU become possibility; In new design, can be measured for the single channel load, thereby the operating state of acquisition respective branch load is carried out Fault Isolation; New design can will write MCU through the calibration data of test in the production phase, thereby make MCU can identify multiple different load.
Technical background
Current drive circuit, generally select special chip designed, and for different loads, different conditions of work, needs different designs.When load variations is larger, drive circuit is very complicated; When several different loaded work piece, need drive circuit corresponding to precognition.Current design as shown in Figure 1.
Annexation is as follows: input voltage 10.8V～24VDC, with chip I N pin, C2, C3, L1, LED, be connected, and L1 is connected with Q1, D1, and D1 is connected with LED, C3, and the Q1 grid is connected with chip NDRV pin, and the Q1 source electrode is connected with resistance R 1, chip CS pin.
The course of work is as follows: when MOS transistor Q1 conducting, energy starts to store in inductance L 1, and the LED electric current is provided by capacitor C 3; When MOS transistor Q1 ends, the energy in inductance L 1 is transferred in capacitor C 3, provides energy in LED simultaneously, is transformed into light energy output.
Current mode, be enough for general driver applications, and method is simple, with low cost; But can not in intelligent control system, apply, and index of correlation worsens and does not reach the requirement such as energy-conservation, long-life in the parameter adjustment process.
The shortcoming of conventional method is:
Mode of operation is single, is not suitable for working under complex environment;
Can not dynamically adjust the operating state of load;
When multichannel loading exists, can not the Dynamic Recognition work branch and corresponding operating state;
Can't diagnose and isolate the branch road that has fault;
Can't accurately measure real-time power consumption;
Without the Based Intelligent Control interface, can't realize long-range intelligent network control.
Content of the present invention
The present invention realizes by the following method.
Be illustrated in figure 2 single PWM and organize driving and the accurate circuit of measuring of power consumption more, annexation is: VCC and inductance L 1, D1, R11, C2, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, LS10, LS20, LS30, LS40, LS50 connects, metal-oxide-semiconductor PMOS1 grid and R10, R1 connects, metal-oxide-semiconductor PMOS2 grid and R9, R2 connects, metal-oxide-semiconductor PMOS3 grid and R8, R3 connects, metal-oxide-semiconductor PMOS4 grid and R7, R4 connects, metal-oxide-semiconductor PMOS5 grid and R6, R5 connects, and metal-oxide-semiconductor PMOS1 source electrode is connected with LS1N, and metal-oxide-semiconductor PMOS2 source electrode is connected with LS2N, and metal-oxide-semiconductor PMOS3 source electrode is connected with LS3N, and metal-oxide-semiconductor PMOS4 source electrode is connected with LS4N, and metal-oxide-semiconductor PMOS5 source electrode is connected with LS5N, metal-oxide-semiconductor PMOS1, PMOS2, PMOS3, PMOS4, PMOS5 drain electrode and NMOS6 drain electrode, D1 connects, and the NMOS1 drain electrode is connected with R1, and the NMOS2 drain electrode is connected with R2, and the NMOS3 drain electrode is connected with R3, and the NMOS4 drain electrode is connected with R4, and the NMOS5 drain electrode is connected with R5, NMOS1, NMOS2, NMOS3, NMOS4, the NMOS5 grid is respectively at the GPIO1 of MCU, GPIO2, GPIO3, GPIO4, GPIO5 connects,, NMOS1, NMOS2, NMOS3, NMOS4, the NMOS5 source ground, R11 is rented in the diode input termination shop of optocoupler, and the remaining 3.3V of the collector electrode of optocoupler connects, the emitter-base bandgap grading of optocoupler and R12, C3, the ADC CH1 of MCU connects, and diode output is connected with the NMOS6 drain electrode, and the NMOS6 grid is connected with the PWM output port of MCU, the source electrode of NMOS6 and R13, R14 connects, R14 and C1, the input of OP filter connects, and the output of OP filter is connected with the ADC CH2 of MCU, LED10, LED1x, LED1N forms load branch 1, LED20, LED2x, LED2N forms load branch 2, LED30, LED3x, LED3N forms load branch 3, LED40, LED4x, LED4N forms load branch 4, LED50, LED5x, LED5N forms load branch 5, and MCU and miscellaneous equipment pass through I2C, the RS485 bus communicates.
Operation principle is as follows:
As MCU GPIO[1/2/3/4/5] be output as " 1 ", corresponding NMOS[1/2/3/4/5] conducting, corresponding PMOS[1/2/3/4/5] grid voltage reduce, the PMOS transistor turns, make the 1/2/3/4/5 cut-in operation loop, road of corresponding load.
When PWM is output as " 1 ", the NMOS6 conducting, VCC voltage, through L1, load branch, NMOS6, R13 ground connection, when the VCC power supply is powered to load branch again, is stored in the part excess energy in L1, C2; When PWM is output as " 0 ", the NMOS6 cut-off, the energy stored in L1, C2 is powered to load branch, and electric current forms loop through D1.
Whole driving, loaded work piece is under cross-flow mode, and the fluctuation of voltage and electric current is very little.
The load branch open circuit fault detects: utilize MCU GPIO by corresponding load branch access loop, and one of PWM work regular time segment, the data by ADC CH1 and ADC CH2 judge.As MCU GPIO1 output " 1 ", load branch 1 access loop, the PWM 100ms that works.If load branch 1 normal operation, the load branch pressure drop is created on resistance R 12 and produces pressure drop by optocoupler, through ADC CH1, is converted to digital signal, and these data and default setting difference are little, and ADC CH2 obtains the operating current of this load branch simultaneously; If load branch 1 opens circuit, VCC is created on resistance R 12 and produces pressure drop by optocoupler, through ADC CH1, is converted to digital signal, and the numeral difference of these data and VCC is little, but be not the pressure drop of load branch, ADC CH2 can't obtain the operating current of this load branch simultaneously.
Load branch short circuit or partial short circuit fault detect: the whole short circuits of load branch, the acquisition data in ADC CH1 approach " 0 ", and the data that ADC CH2 obtains approach maximum; The load branch partial short circuit, the acquisition data in ADC CH1 connect less than normal, and the data that ADC CH2 obtains are bigger than normal.
The detection of load branch load unit number: the pressure drop of unit loads is approximately 3.3V, this voltage passes through optocoupler, the voltage produced on resistance R 12 is (3.3-1.1) * R12/R11*CTR, the conversion efficiency that CTR is input current and output current in optocoupler, this voltage is converted to numerical data by ADC CH1; When N unit loads arranged in load branch, the voltage produced on resistance R 12 is (N*3.3-1.1) * R12/R11*CTR, and this voltage is converted to numerical data by ADC CH1.By the data of conversion and comparing of default data, can determine the number of the unit loads in each load branch.
Separate coupling: after in load branch, the number of unit loads is determined, in whole system, the PWM of the modulation of the modulation of colour temperature, color and total power consumption controls and is separated from each other.
The power consumption control of PWM: as MCU is operated in the 16MHz clock, and PWM adopts the 256KHz of fixed frequency, in the PWM of each 256KHz, hold 64 clock cycle, be set with 8 load branch, each load branch, under operating at full capacity, needs the duty ratio of 64/8=8 clock cycle.
Each load branch is operated at full capacity, and needs the duty ratio (clock signal is 16MHz) of 8 clock cycle in the 256KHz fixed-frequency PWM, and when N load branch arranged in loop, total PWM duty ratio needs N*8 clock cycle.
The above control to power, do not need complicated algorithm support, only according to the relevant GPIO pin of MCU, is output as the number of " 1 ", just can determine the duty ratio of PWM.
If now need to reduce power, can be by the time of 8 clock cycle duty ratios of every string load, be reduced to 7,6,5 isochronon cycles to get final product, when 0 clock cycle of duty ratio position, load is closed.
Colour temperature is controlled: for the situation that the load of multichannel different-colour is arranged in load, the client can regulate control to colour temperature in application, and colour temperature can be regulated according to customer demand in cool tone, neutrality, warm tones.
As shown in Figure 6, GPIO1 controls cold white light load branch and whether accesses the driving loop, and GPIO2 controls the warm white load branch and whether accesses the driving loop.When GPIO1 is " 1 " and other load branch control ports are " 0 ", cold white light is sent in loop; When GPIO2 is " 1 " and other load branch control ports are " 0 ", warm white is sent in loop; When GPIO1 and GPIO2 are " 1 " simultaneously and other load branch control ports are " 0 ", approximate neutral white light is sent in loop.
When a load branch access loop, PWM is output as the unit duty ratio of standard; When increasing load branch access loop, PWM is output as the number of branches in the unit duty ratio * access loop of standard.
After human eye is greater than each second 25 times to the pace of change of colour temperature adjustment process, substantially can't discover the characteristic at intermittence of adjusting.The regulating cycle that is GPIO1 and GPIO2 must be higher than 25Hz.As the selected cycle of regulating is 1KHz, only to GPIO1 in 1ms and GPIO2, to be output as the time scale of " 1 " relevant for the colour temperature demonstrated, the time that is output as " 1 " as GPIO1 is greater than the time that GPIO2 is output as " 1 ", show cool tone, the time that is output as " 1 " as GPIO1 is less than the time that GPIO2 is output as " 1 ", shows warm tones.
The output of GPIO1 can be synchronizeed with the output of GPIO2, also can be asynchronous.
Color is controlled: for the situation that the load of multichannel different color is arranged in load, the client can regulate control to color in application, and color can obtain client needs in the mixing of RGB primary colors.
As shown in Figure 7, GPIO3 controls the ruddiness load branch and whether accesses the driving loop, and GPIO4 controls the green glow load branch and whether accesses the driving loop, and GPIO5 controls the blue light load branch and whether accesses loop.When GPIO3 is " 1 " and other load branch control ports are " 0 ", ruddiness is sent in loop; When GPIO4 is " 1 " and other load branch control ports are " 0 ", green glow is sent in loop, and when GPIO5 " 1 " and other load branch control ports are " 0 ", blue light is sent in loop.
When a load branch access loop, PWM is output as the unit duty ratio of standard; When increasing load branch access loop, PWM is output as the number of branches in the unit duty ratio * access loop of standard.
After human eye is greater than each second 25 times to the pace of change of color adjustment process, substantially can't discover the characteristic at intermittence of adjusting.The regulating cycle that is GPIO3, GPIO4, GPIO5 must be higher than 25Hz.As the selected cycle of regulating is 1KHz, only to GPIO3, GPIO4, GPIO5 in 1ms, to be output as the time scale of " 1 " relevant for the color demonstrated.Through the calibration to the RGB load branch, color matching can realize and the corresponding grade of liquid crystal display, R:G:B=[0～255]: [0～255]: [0～255].In color matching, the ratio of RGB is exactly the ratio that corresponding GPIO3, GPIO4, GPIO5 are output as the time of " 1 ", and corresponding proportion can be by counting to get for high-frequency clock.
The output of GPIO1 can be synchronizeed with the output of GPIO2, also can be asynchronous.
The accurate measurement of bearing power: accurately measure voltage and electric current that power needs accurate sensing lead.The voltage measurement of load realizes by the optocoupler in parallel with load, and flow through during by the NMOS6 conducting electric current of resistance R 13 of current measurement, through calculating and obtain in proportion.
Voltage measurement realizes by optocoupler.During any one load branch access loop works, in a pressure drop of input port generation of optocoupler, when load branch has 1 unit loads, voltage is approximately 3.3V, and when load branch has N unit loads, voltage is about N*3.3V.The input diode drop of optocoupler is about 1.2V, and the electric current of input port is about
(N*3.3-1.2)/R11
The emitter-base bandgap grading output port electric current of optocoupler=(N*3.3-1.2)/R11*CTR, the ratio that wherein CTR is output port electric current and input port electric current in optocoupler, for any one specific optocoupler, at a certain temperature, CTR is a known curve.
The optocoupler emitter current, by resistance R 12 and capacitor C 3, produces a voltage, and voltage, after the ADC CH1 pin of MCU, is a digital signal in the MCU internal conversion.The ADC conversion accuracy of MCU inside is generally at 10 bits, and error is 0.1%.
Under working temperature, when the operating voltage of load and the ADC CH1 data in MCU, one to one, still corresponding curve is nonlinear.
The corresponding curve of voltage, compared and obtains with the data in accurate voltage measurement and MCU by transformation load in the test manufacture stage, in practice, by curve approximation, was that the multistage broken line carries out correspondence.The hop count of broken line is relevant to approximate error, and the error allowed band is larger, and the broken line hop count is fewer.
Current measurement realizes by the low pass filter of resistance R 13 and operational amplifier composition, the ADC CH2 in MCU.During loaded work piece, the continuous conducting of NMOS6, cut-off, the electric current of the resistance R of flowing through during the NMOS6 conducting 13 progressively increases, the low pass filter that the voltage that R13 produces forms through R14, C1, after the low pass filter formed through operational amplifier again, in MCU inside, by ADC, be converted to digital signal.
Measurement in MCU be the average current (low frequency part) of resistance R 13 of flowing through, and this electric current while being the electric current with loaded work piece one to one, corresponding curve is nonlinear.
Under working temperature, the operating current of load is corresponding one by one during with ADC CH2 data in MCU, and the corresponding curve of electric current, compared and obtains with the data in accurate current measurement and MCU by transformation load in the test manufacture stage, in practice, by curve approximation, be that the multistage broken line carries out correspondence.The hop count of broken line is relevant to approximate error, and the error allowed band is larger, and the broken line hop count is fewer.
The power consumption of whole module is corresponding one by one with the operating power of load, and corresponding curve is nonlinear.By the related data of production phase, obtain loading on the efficiency data under different bearing powers, can obtain the power consumption of whole module.
Advantage of the present invention is:
Mode of operation is various, and load branch is controlled in real time;
Can dynamically adjust the operating state of load, reach customer demand;
When multichannel loading exists, can the Dynamic Recognition work branch and corresponding operating state;
Can diagnose and isolate the branch road that has fault;
Can accurately measure real-time power consumption;
Control algolithm is simple, and overall power control, load branch operating state, colour temperature color are controlled and separated coupling;
Cost is low, utilizes cheap MCU chip to realize;
The control of colour temperature, color is versatile and flexible, can meet the need of market to greatest extent;
The Based Intelligent Control interface is arranged, can realize long-range intelligent network control.
The accompanying drawing explanation.
Fig. 1: present driving circuit structure
Fig. 2: based on the mono-PWM of MCU, organize more and drive and power consumption is accurately measured structure
Fig. 3: production line Testing And Regulating framework
Fig. 4: production line Testing And Regulating flow process
Fig. 5: optocoupler module
Fig. 6: colour temperature modulation
Fig. 7: color modulation
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, content of the present invention is described in further detail.
Production line Testing And Regulating framework as shown in Figure 3, annexation is: PC connects direct voltage source, ammeter, voltmeter, MCU Control plate, module to be measured with the RS485 bus; Direct voltage source produces voltage VCC, connects relay R elay1, RelayN, Relay10 and module to be measured, and relay R elay1, RelayN, Relay10 are connected with load 1, load N, load 10 respectively; Voltmeter directly is connected with load, the sensing lead operating voltage; M bar load branch is arranged in each load, and every load branch comprises 1～10 load unit, and load 1, load N, load 10 are connected with module to be measured by M bar bus.
Operation principle is: PC sends instructions to MCU Control plate, by the Relay1 conducting, other cut-offs, load 1 access test, after the direct voltage source power supply, progressively by the access of the M bar branch road in load 1 loop, the virtual voltage of voltmeter sensing lead, ammeter is measured the electric current of module, thereby obtains the accurate power data of module when work, by the RS485 bus, obtain the voltage obtained by inner MCU in module to be measured, the numerical data of electric current simultaneously.
Vf is respectively to 3.1V, 3.2V, 3.4V, 3.5V unit loads access loop, replace the standard cell load that Vf is 3.3V, repeat above-mentioned test, obtain 5 groups of data: load current data (the ADC CH2 data of MCU) that the load voltage data that module overall power data, the actual load voltage data that record, module to be measured oneself record (the ADC CH1 data of MCU), module to be measured oneself record, for the efficiency parameters (power consumption of the power consumption of load/whole module in various situations) of power.
PC sends instructions to MCU Control plate, by the RelayN conducting, and other cut-offs, load N accesses test, repeats above operation and obtains 5 groups of data.
Repeat above operation, until all load testings are complete.
By the data of above acquisition, write in the memory in module MCU to be measured
Production line Testing And Regulating flow process as shown in Figure 4, Testing And Regulating carries out automatically by computer program, after being completed, obtains maximum 5*10*5*M data, according to different demands, partial data can be write in the internal storage of module MCU to be measured.
In voltage N*[3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5] and different loads under V, there is an efficiency parameters between the power of the data reduction after the accurate module power of acquisition and module internal ADC to be measured conversion, this parameter, by above those 5 test points, is connected to a broken line.By the conversion between broken line, can obtain a broken line of efficiency parameters.In actual applications, after obtaining virtual voltage, current data by MCU in module, according to the efficiency broken line, calculate corresponding actual power loss data, at interval of a definite time period, report power consumption in this time period to host computer.
By voltage data, assist the current data to record, can obtain some specifying informations of load.
Related data reports host computer by the RS485 bus, from host computer, obtains instruction operation.
Optocoupler module as shown in Figure 5, annexation is: optocoupler input termination voltage N*3.3V, connect a resistance 3.3K Ω in the input loop; Optocoupler output termination voltage 3.3V connects resistance 220 Ω in loop simultaneously.
Operation principle is: optocoupler is operated in linear zone, and the maximum current of input is no more than 12mA, and output guarantees V
cEvoltage is greater than 0.4V.Generally, input diode drop 1.2V, in maximum load branch, the number of unit loads is 10, so input maximum current=(10*3.3-1.2)/3.3mA; Output maximum current=(10*3.3-1.2)/3.3mA*CTR.
In optocoupler the CTR parameter according to the manufacture of different manufacturers and difference follow the increase of electric current and increase, also along with the increase of temperature, change excursion [0.2～1.2].
Output maximum voltage=(10*3.3-1.2)/3.3*1.2*0.22=2.54V, meet V
cEthe requirement of>=0.4V.
The present invention can utilize the devices such as MCU and transistor device, resistance capacitance to realize, also the module of being correlated with can be integrated in a chip and realize.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is utilized MCU single channel PWM output, and the circuit that multichannel loading is carried out to power control comprises 4 parts: multichannel loading, load branch gating matrix, photoelectric coupling module, MCU drive module.Multichannel loading is according to customer demand, and the number of each road load and the number of branches of load can change; The load branch gating matrix is to carry out switch control for each branch road, by this branch road load access or carry out the bypass processing; The photoelectric coupling module is measured the operating voltage of each branch road; MCU drives module to use pwm signal to control high power transistor, obtains the driving force that load needs; After the production phase writes the calibration data of circuit, accurately the particular content of the power consumption of sensing lead and identification load, isolated for fault; Utilize MCU to carry out closely and telecommunication.
2. according to the circuit load of claims 1 described structure, it is characterized by: load can be multichannel, and each road load consists of a plurality of unit loads.
3. according to the load branch gating matrix of claims 1 described structure, it is characterized by: control whether cut-in operation circuit of any road load, or multichannel loading cut-in operation simultaneously circuit.
4. according to the photoelectric coupling module of claims 1 described structure, it is characterized by: the photoelectric coupling module is operated in linear zone, and parallel connection is articulated on load branch.
5. according to the described accurate measurement of claims 1, it is characterized by: after production line writes calibration data; Accurately the voltage of sensing lead, current parameters, obtain accurate load power consumption data by calibration data.
6. according to the described Fault Isolation of claims 1, it is characterized by: system, according to the calibration data write in advance, by comparing with actual measurement data, is identified the operating state of load, by the load branch gating matrix, out of order branch road is carried out to isolation processing.
7. and telecommunication closely described according to claims 1 is characterized by: MCU utilizes the I2C bus to carry out short-range communication, utilizes the RS485 bus to carry out telecommunication, and communication can be full duplex, half-duplex or unidirectional.
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| CN106487365B (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2019-08-30 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | A kind of multi-channel PWM drive control circuit, drive control method and electrical household appliance |
| CN108112121A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-01 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | L ED lighting circuit and control method thereof |
| CN111539275A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-08-14 | 中南民族大学 | Electrical load classification method and system based on load characteristic visualization |
| CN111539275B (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-11-20 | 中南民族大学 | Electrical load classification method and system based on load characteristic visualization |
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Application publication date: 20140101 |