CN103480634B - A kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal wets the method and device of separating coproduction animal feed and biodiesel raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Kitchen waste hydrothermal to wet the method and device of separating coproduction animal feed and biodiesel raw material, carry out one-time mechanical dehydration+fragmentation+hydro-thermal wet solution process+flash-evaporation dehydration+drying and processing, have the advantages that running time is short, energy consumption is low, system process process takes the method for progressively getting moisture drying, compares the direct Technology of Thermal Drying of one-step method energy-conservation more than 50%; After hydro-thermal wet solution high temperature high pressure process, bacterium is processed, and perishable part enters liquid phase liquefaction, and the feed of generation has the low feature of saliferous (& lt; 1%), growth of animal is not affected, aseptic, safe, easily preserve, show biodiesel raw material and reclaimed and the Poly-generation target of animal feed production.

Description

A method and device for co-producing animal feed and biodiesel raw materials through hydrothermal and wet decomposition of kitchen waste

Technical field:

The invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a method and device for co-producing animal feed and biodiesel raw materials through hydrothermal and wet decomposition of kitchen waste.

Background technique:

Food waste refers to the food waste and residues generated in the catering of households, enterprises and institutions, and the catering industry, and is an important part of urban domestic waste. The amount of food waste generated is increasing year by year, and the proportion of food waste in metropolitan cities has reached 50%. If calculated according to the national food waste accounting for 30% of domestic waste, the output of food waste in 2010 reached 45 million tons. Food waste has the characteristics of high moisture content, perishability, rich nutrition and various components. Effective disposal and utilization of kitchen waste can realize resource and energy conversion, prevent diffuse pollution to the environment, and achieve the unity of environmental and economic benefits. It is a good choice to turn food waste into feed, which can recover protein, fat, trace elements and other nutrients in food waste. Moreover, there is a serious shortage of domestic feed in my country, and the dependence on foreign protein raw materials is close to 70%. The technology of food waste feed will effectively increase the supply of animal feed, and form an orderly collection, utilization and management system of food waste.

Food waste is directly fed to animals, and there is a risk of disease. The "Law of the People's Republic of China on Animal Husbandry" prohibits food waste from being used directly as animal feed. The national "Twelfth Five-Year Special Plan for Waste Resource Technology Project" pointed out that the technical focus of resource utilization of food waste is to use food waste to produce feed harmless treatment technology and equipment. Food waste feed products have a broader market than compost, and food waste source animal feed has been widely accepted by farmers in countries such as Japan and South Korea. Food waste feed technology mainly includes biological method and physical method. The biological method has the disadvantages of complex strain selection, cultivation and management, rancidity, and long cycle; while the physical method can realize the harmlessness and feed of kitchen waste in a relatively short period of time. The conventional physical method is to dry and disinfect the food waste after dehydration, and make dry feed after crushing. However, this method has high energy consumption, low-level process, and single product, which cannot realize the maximum resource utilization of kitchen waste.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for co-producing animal feed and biodiesel raw materials through hydrothermal and wet decomposition of kitchen waste.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A method for co-producing animal feed and biodiesel raw materials through hydrothermal and wet decomposition of kitchen waste, comprising the following steps:

a. The collected food waste first enters the dehydrator for mechanical dehydration to obtain solid phase waste, mixed phase waste mixed with liquid phase and solid phase;

b. Put the solid-phase garbage separated in step a into the mechanical sorting section for sorting, sort out unusable components such as plastics, metal and glass, and obtain usable solid-phase garbage components;

c. The solid-phase garbage after step b sorting is crushed in the crusher;

d. The crushed solid-phase garbage obtained in step c enters the hydrothermal wet decomposition tank, and then enters saturated steam to carry out wet decomposition. The decomposed food waste is discharged from the product outlet at the bottom of the wet solution tank; the wet solution tank includes a tank body with a bracket at the bottom, a food waste feed port at the top of the tank body, a steam inlet, a safety valve, and a pressure gauge And a small exhaust valve, located at the product outlet at the bottom of the tank;

e. The food waste after the wet-decomposition treatment in step d is sprayed into the spray tank from the wet-decomposition tank to expand, flash and dehydrate;

f, the product that step e obtains is delivered to drying machine and carries out further drying;

g. Add appropriate additives (i.e. nutritional ingredients) to the dried kitchen solid phase, measure, fill and seal on the automatic bagging machine to complete the packaging;

h. The mixed-phase garbage mixed with liquid phase and solid phase obtained in step a is separated by an oil, water and slag three-phase separator, and the separated grease can be sold as biodiesel raw material after being collected, and the separated waste water is treated in waste water The pool is purified and reused or discharged, and the separated slag is directly sent to the hydrothermal hydrolysis tank.

Firstly, a mechanical dehydration is carried out, in order to remove the free oil-water mixture of food waste.

Since food waste contains some unusable components, including plastic, metal and glass, it needs to be sorted.

In order to strengthen the hydrothermal hydrolysis effect, the garbage needs to be shredded before entering the tank.

The tank body of the hydrothermal dehumidification tank is also provided with a thermometer and an insulation layer.

The hydrothermal wet decomposition tank makes the feeding and discharging of food waste convenient, the wet decomposition reaction is sufficient, and the waste heat recovery efficiency is high.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The feed production of food waste and the recovery of biodiesel raw materials are realized at a lower energy consumption cost. It has the characteristics of simple system, stable operation, and strong applicability, and meets the requirements of resource conservation and environmental protection. The specific advantages are:

1. Since the kitchen waste feed process implements a mechanical dehydration + hydrothermal hydrolysis treatment + flash dehydration + drying treatment, this method of gradually removing water and drying in the process has the advantages of short time and low energy consumption characteristics;

2. After the wet dehydration process, the dehydration performance of the garbage is improved. In addition, the wet garbage is sprayed out from the wet decompression tank and enters the spray tank. Due to the sudden drop in pressure, the water will evaporate quickly and evaporate with the steam. At the same time, it enters the steam mixer from the valve exhaust port of the spray tank, and is used to dry the product after wet decomposition, so as to realize the recycling of waste heat. Therefore, it has obvious energy-saving effect on the whole process;

3. The feed produced by mechanical dehydration and hydrothermal hydrolysis treatment has the characteristics of low salt content (<1%) and does not affect the growth of animals;

4. After being treated by the present invention, the kitchen waste has realized the polygeneration target of biodiesel raw material recovery and animal feed production;

5. After the high temperature and high pressure treatment of hydrothermal humidity, the source of pathogenic bacteria is eliminated, and the feed produced is sterile, safe and easy to store.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the hydrothermal dehumidification tank of the present invention;

Among them, 1. Tank body; 2. Insulation layer; 3. Food waste inlet; 4. Safety valve; 5. Pressure gauge; 6. Small exhaust valve; 7. Steam inlet; 8. Thermometer; 9. Maintenance Mouth; 10, support; 11, product outlet.

Detailed ways:

The following is a further description of the present invention, rather than a limitation of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1, after the uniformly collected food waste enters the factory area, it is first mechanically squeezed, filtered and dehydrated on the dehydrator to reduce the water content of solid phase waste to about 50%, and obtain solid phase waste, liquid phase and solid phase waste. Doped mixed-phase garbage; the separated solid-phase garbage enters the mechanical sorting section for sorting, sorting out unusable components such as plastics, metals and glass, and obtains usable solid-phase garbage components for crushing in the crusher. Uniformize the size of the garbage and enhance the dehydration performance of the garbage; the crushed solid-phase garbage enters the hydrothermal wet solution tank for wet decomposition, and the saturated steam is heated to make the temperature reach 140 ° C ~ 160 ° C, the pressure is 0.4 ~ 0.7 MPa, the reaction and Maintain 60min～80min, carry out disinfection in the hydrothermal wet solution tank at the same time, improve the dehydration performance; The tank body, the food waste feed inlet, steam inlet, safety valve, pressure gauge and small exhaust valve on the top of the tank body, and the product outlet at the bottom of the tank body; The product outlet at the bottom of the tank is quickly ejected and enters the spray tank. Due to the sudden drop in pressure, the garbage entering the spray tank expands and flashes, and the water vaporizes quickly and is discharged from the exhaust port. Put it in the tank for temporary storage; the water content of the garbage in the spray tank can be reduced to about 30% after flash dehydration, and then sent to the dryer for further drying to reduce the water content to less than 5%; according to the needs of the final product to After adding appropriate additives (ie nutritional ingredients) to the dried kitchen solid phase, it is measured, filled and sealed on the automatic bagging machine to complete the packaging.

After mechanical dehydration on the dehydrator, the liquid-solid-doped mixed-phase garbage obtained is separated by the oil, water and slag three-phase separator. The separated oil can be sold as biodiesel raw material after collection, and the separated waste water is in the waste water The treatment tank is purified and then reused or discharged, and the separated slag is directly sent to the hydrothermal hydrolysis tank.

The present invention dehydrates kitchen waste step by step in three stages in actual implementation, and has good energy-saving effect compared with direct heating and drying dehydration in one-step method. For example: when the temperature of food waste is 25°C and the water content is 70%, each ton of food waste contains 700kg of water, and when it is dried to a water content of 5%, 650kg of water needs to be evaporated, and the coal consumption is about 133kg (60% heat energy is used to evaporate water). However, after the dehydration in the first two steps of the present invention, only about 300kg of water needs to be dried and evaporated with heat energy, and only 61.4kg of coal is consumed, saving about 54% of energy. If further consideration of waste heat utilization energy saving can reach 70%

The core equipment for realizing the above process is a hydrothermal wet decomposition tank. As shown in Figure 2, the hydrothermal wet decomposition tank includes a tank body 1 with a bracket 10 at the bottom, a food waste feeding port 3 at the top of the tank body 1, A steam inlet 7, a safety valve 4, a small exhaust valve 6, and a product outlet 11 located at the bottom of the tank body 1;

The working process is as follows:

The crushed solid phase waste enters the hydrothermal wet solution tank, fills it to about 2/3 of the volume of the wet solution tank, stops charging, closes the food waste feeding port 3; Steam, observe the pressure gauge 5 and thermometer 8 installed in the tank body 1, keep the temperature at 140°C-160°C, and the pressure within the range of 0.4-0.7MPa, and maintain it for 60min-80min; after the hydrothermal wet decomposition is completed, quickly open the product outlet 11. The wet hydrolysis product is sprayed into the spray tank for flash dehydration.

Claims (2)

1. Kitchen waste hydrothermal wets and separates a method for coproduction animal feed and biodiesel raw material, comprises the steps:

First the changing food waste of a, collection enters dewaterer and carries out mechanical dehydration, obtains the mixed phase rubbish of Solid Waste, the doping of liquid phase solid phase;

B, the Solid Waste separated by step a enter mechanical sorting section and carry out sorting, sub-elect unavailable component, obtain available Solid Waste component;

C, the Solid Waste after step b sorting is carried out break process in disintegrating machine;

After the fragmentation that d, step c obtain, Solid Waste enters hydro-thermal wet solution tank, then pass into saturated vapor and carry out wet solution, temperature is 140 DEG C ~ 160 DEG C, and pressure is 0.4 ~ 0.7MPa, 60min ~ 80min completes wet solution, and the changing food waste after wet solution is separated pot bottom product exit by wetting and discharged; Described wet solution tank comprises bottom and establishes standoff tank body, is located at the changing food waste charging aperture at tank body top, steam inlet, safety valve, pressure gauge and gas releasing valve for secondary, is located at the product exit of tank base;

E, steps d through wet separate process after changing food waste to separate in tank by wetting and spray into blow tank and expanded, flash distillation occurs and dewater;

The product that f, step e obtain is delivered to drying machine and is carried out further drying;

G, dried meal kitchen solid formation measure after adding suitable additive, fill, have sealed packaging on automatic packer;

The mixed phase rubbish that h, the liquid phase solid phase obtained by step a are adulterated is separated through oil, water, slag three-phase separator, can be used as biodiesel raw material after the Grease Collection separated to sell, isolated waste water carries out reuse or discharge after purified treatment in purification tank for liquid waste, and the slag separated directly is sent to and wetly separated that hydro-thermal in tank is wet separates.

2. Kitchen waste hydrothermal according to claim 1 wets and separates the method for coproduction animal feed and biodiesel raw material, it is characterized in that, the wet tank of separating of described hydro-thermal is also provided with thermometer and heat-insulation layer.