CN103471833B - Test device and method capable of realizing transient measurement of nozzle internal flow under multiple working conditions - Google Patents
Test device and method capable of realizing transient measurement of nozzle internal flow under multiple working conditions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及燃油喷射过程的流量控制领域，特指一种可以同时探究喷射压力，喷嘴出口压力，喷油嘴结构及管内流动状态等因素对柴油机喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验装置。 The invention relates to the field of flow control in the fuel injection process, in particular to a test device capable of simultaneously exploring the influence of factors such as injection pressure, nozzle outlet pressure, fuel injection nozzle structure and flow state in a pipe on the cavitation flow inside a diesel engine nozzle. the
背景技术 Background technique
国内外近年来的大量研究表明，柴油机的雾化过程受喷嘴内部流动特性的影响显著。且柴油机的燃烧特性、排放及发动机性能直接受喷油器的喷雾特性的控制，而柴油机的性能及排放在很大程度上受喷雾贯穿距离、喷雾形状、油滴尺寸分布及其蒸发等喷雾特性的影响。现代柴油机为了提高柴油机的喷射压力，从而获得更好的雾化效果，广泛采用高压共轨燃油喷射技术，喷射压力可以达到2000bar，喷射速度超过300m/s，喷嘴直径小于0.1mm，在这样的条件下，柴油机喷嘴内极易形成空化作用，因此研究柴油机喷油嘴内部的空化流动就具有非常重要的研究意义。影响空化流动的主要因素有喷油嘴的几何机构、工作液体的性质及流动状态、喷射压力及背压的变化等。 A large number of studies at home and abroad in recent years have shown that the atomization process of diesel engines is significantly affected by the flow characteristics inside the nozzle. Moreover, the combustion characteristics, emissions and engine performance of diesel engines are directly controlled by the spray characteristics of the injector, while the performance and emissions of diesel engines are largely affected by spray characteristics such as spray penetration distance, spray shape, oil droplet size distribution and evaporation. Impact. In order to increase the injection pressure of the diesel engine and obtain a better atomization effect, modern diesel engines widely use high-pressure common rail fuel injection technology. The injection pressure can reach 2000bar, the injection speed exceeds 300m/s, and the nozzle diameter is less than 0.1mm. Under such conditions Therefore, it is very important to study the cavitation flow inside the diesel engine nozzle. The main factors affecting the cavitation flow are the geometric structure of the injector, the nature and flow state of the working fluid, the change of injection pressure and back pressure, etc. the
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为了更好地研究柴油机喷油嘴内部的空化流动，本发明提供了可以在同一试验台上同步开展多工况下柴油机喷嘴内部空穴流动影响因素瞬态测量的试验装置。 In order to study the cavitation flow inside the fuel injector of a diesel engine better, the invention provides a test device that can simultaneously carry out transient measurement of cavitation flow influencing factors inside the nozzle of a diesel engine under multiple working conditions on the same test bench.
本发明所采用的技术方案是： The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
可同步实现喷嘴内部流动影响因素瞬态测量的试验装置，包括压力控制系统、信号测试系统及油路系统；所述压力控制系统包括高压气泵、油气混合瓶、扰流器、压力轨道、第一电磁轨压控制阀、第二电磁轨压控制阀、压力补给阀、带压力控制装置的背压腔体；所述信号测试系统包括五个压力传感器，两个流量传感器，信号控制终端、CCD高速数码摄像机及计算机；所述油路系统包括高压油管、带比例放大喷油嘴的喷油器、输油泵； The test device that can simultaneously realize the transient measurement of the flow influencing factors inside the nozzle includes a pressure control system, a signal test system and an oil circuit system; the pressure control system includes a high-pressure air pump, an oil-gas mixing bottle, a spoiler, a pressure track, Electromagnetic rail pressure control valve, second electromagnetic rail pressure control valve, pressure supply valve, back pressure cavity with pressure control device; the signal test system includes five pressure sensors, two flow sensors, signal control terminal, CCD high-speed A digital camera and a computer; the oil circuit system includes a high-pressure oil pipe, a fuel injector with a proportionally enlarged fuel injector, and an oil delivery pump;
高压气泵、油气混合瓶、扰流器、压力轨道依次通过油路连接，压力轨道的末端装有压力补给阀，压力轨道上设置有第一电磁油压控制阀和第二电磁油压控制阀，压力轨道上两电磁油压控制阀门后各连接两条油路，每条油路上装有压力传感器和流量传感器，油路下端通过带比例放大喷油嘴的喷油器与带压力控制装置的背压腔体相连通，带压力控制装置的背压腔体上端接有压力传感器；第一电磁油压控制阀和第二电磁油压控制阀通过信号控制终端连接到计算机，CCD高速数码摄相机、所有的压力和流量传感器的信号输出端与信号控制终端相连接。 The high-pressure air pump, oil-gas mixing bottle, spoiler, and pressure track are connected through the oil circuit in sequence. A pressure supply valve is installed at the end of the pressure track, and a first electromagnetic oil pressure control valve and a second electromagnetic oil pressure control valve are arranged on the pressure track. The two electromagnetic oil pressure control valves on the pressure rail are respectively connected to two oil circuits. Each oil circuit is equipped with a pressure sensor and a flow sensor. The pressure chambers are connected, and the pressure sensor is connected to the back pressure chamber with the pressure control device; the first electromagnetic oil pressure control valve and the second electromagnetic oil pressure control valve are connected to the computer through the signal control terminal, CCD high-speed digital camera, The signal output ports of all pressure and flow sensors are connected to the signal control terminals.
进一步，通过控制第一电磁轨压控制阀和第二电磁轨压控制阀分别控制位于其后方的油路的喷射压力大小。 Further, by controlling the first electromagnetic rail pressure control valve and the second electromagnetic rail pressure control valve, the injection pressure of the oil circuit behind them is respectively controlled.
进一步，通过扰流器调整整个油路的管内流动状态。 Further, the flow state in the pipe of the whole oil circuit is adjusted through the spoiler.
进一步，通过观测油路中装载的压力传感器来观测喷射压力变化，进而通过压力补给阀实现喷射压力的稳定。 Furthermore, the injection pressure change is observed by observing the pressure sensor installed in the oil circuit, and then the injection pressure is stabilized through the pressure supply valve.
可以同步实现喷嘴内部流动影响因素瞬态测量的试验方法，包括以下情况： The test method that can simultaneously realize the transient measurement of the flow influencing factors inside the nozzle, including the following situations:
A、开展喷射压力对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究时，通过加载相同结构的喷嘴，使得两条油路末端的背压腔保持相同的背压，关闭扰流器，通过调整电磁油压调节阀来调节两条油路的喷射压力，使喷射压力按照一定的规律变化，进而通过压力和流量传感器来获得不同喷射压力对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究； A. When carrying out the experimental research on the influence of injection pressure on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle, by loading the nozzle with the same structure, the back pressure chambers at the ends of the two oil passages maintain the same back pressure, close the spoiler, and adjust the electromagnetic oil pressure Adjust the injection pressure of the two oil circuits by adjusting the valve, so that the injection pressure changes according to a certain rule, and then use the pressure and flow sensors to obtain the experimental research on the influence of different injection pressures on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle;
B、开展喷嘴内部结构对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究时，通过加载不同结构的喷嘴，通过背压压力调节装置，使两条油路末端的背压腔体内压力保持恒定，再通过调整电磁油压调节阀来使得两条油路的喷射压力保持相同，关闭扰流器，进而通过压力和流量传感器来获得不同喷嘴结构对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究； B. When carrying out the experimental research on the influence of the internal structure of the nozzle on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle, the pressure in the back pressure chamber at the end of the two oil passages is kept constant by loading nozzles with different structures and the back pressure pressure adjustment device, and then by adjusting The electromagnetic oil pressure regulating valve is used to keep the injection pressure of the two oil circuits at the same level, the spoiler is closed, and then the pressure and flow sensors are used to obtain the experimental research on the influence of different nozzle structures on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle;
C、开展背压对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究时，通过加载相同结构的喷嘴，通过调整电磁油压调节阀来调节两条油路的喷射压力，使两油路的喷射压力相同，关闭扰流器，通过背压腔附带的压力调节系统调节两油路末端背压腔内部的压力大小按一定规律变化，进而通过压力和流量传感器来获得不同背压对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究。 C. When carrying out the experimental research on the influence of back pressure on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle, by loading the nozzle with the same structure and adjusting the electromagnetic oil pressure regulating valve to adjust the injection pressure of the two oil circuits, so that the injection pressure of the two oil circuits is the same, Close the spoiler, adjust the pressure inside the back pressure chamber at the end of the two oil passages through the pressure adjustment system attached to the back pressure chamber to change according to a certain rule, and then use the pressure and flow sensors to obtain the influence of different back pressures on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle Experimental Research.
D、开展管内流动状态对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究时，通过加载相同结构的喷嘴，通过调整电磁油压调节阀来调节两条油路的喷射压力，使两油路的喷射压力相同，通过背压腔附带的压力调节系统调节两油路末端背压腔内部的压力相同，开启扰流器，通过压力和流量传感器来获得管内流动状态对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究。 D. When carrying out the experimental research on the influence of the flow state in the pipe on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle, by loading the nozzle with the same structure and adjusting the electromagnetic oil pressure regulating valve to adjust the injection pressure of the two oil circuits, so that the injection pressure of the two oil circuits is the same , through the pressure regulating system attached to the back pressure chamber, the pressure inside the back pressure chamber at the end of the two oil passages is adjusted to be the same, the spoiler is turned on, and the experimental research on the influence of the flow state in the pipe on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle is obtained through the pressure and flow sensors.
本发明的有益效果是： The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明可以同时开展喷射压力、喷嘴出口压力、喷油嘴结构及管内流动状态对柴油机喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究，实现了在同一试验台上同步开展多工况下柴油机喷嘴内部空穴流动影响因素的瞬态测量。 The present invention can carry out the experimental research on the influence of injection pressure, nozzle outlet pressure, fuel injection nozzle structure and flow state in the pipe on the cavitation flow inside the diesel engine nozzle at the same time, and realizes the simultaneous development of internal cavitation in the diesel engine nozzle under multiple working conditions on the same test bench Transient measurement of flow influencing factors.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是本发明可实现多工况下喷嘴内部流动瞬态测量的试验装置结构示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device capable of realizing transient measurement of flow inside a nozzle under multiple operating conditions according to the present invention.
图中：1、第一电磁油压控制阀，2、第二电磁油压控制阀，3、压力轨道，4、输油泵，5、带压力控制装置的背压腔体，6、带比例放大喷油嘴的喷油器，7、压力补给阀，8、高压气泵，9、油气混合瓶，10、扰流器，11、压力传感器，12、流量传感器，13、信号控制终端，14、计算机，15、CCD高速数码摄像机。 In the figure: 1. The first electromagnetic oil pressure control valve, 2. The second electromagnetic oil pressure control valve, 3. Pressure track, 4. Oil delivery pump, 5. Back pressure cavity with pressure control device, 6. With proportional amplification Fuel injector of fuel injector, 7. Pressure supply valve, 8. High-pressure air pump, 9. Oil-gas mixing bottle, 10. Spoiler, 11. Pressure sensor, 12. Flow sensor, 13. Signal control terminal, 14. Computer , 15, CCD high-speed digital camera.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合本附图对发明做进一步详细说明 Below in conjunction with this accompanying drawing the invention will be described in further detail
本发明一种可以实现多工况下柴油机喷嘴内部流动瞬态测量的试验装置的结构如图1所示，图中，P代表压力变送单元，V代表流量变送单元，粗实线代表油路。该实验装置包括压力控制系统、信号测试系统及油路系统。压力控制系统包括高压气泵、油气混合瓶、扰流器、压力轨道、电磁轨压控制阀（左右共两个）、压力补给阀、带压力控制装置的背压腔体等；信号测试系统包括图示中压力变送单元五个，流量变送单元两个，信号控制终端、CCD高速数码摄像机及电脑等部件；油路系统包括高压油管、带比例放大喷油嘴的喷油器，输油泵。高压气泵、油气混合瓶、扰流器、压力轨道依次连接，压力轨道的末端装有压力补给阀，右侧分别装有两个电磁油压控制阀。压力轨道上两电磁油压控制阀门后各连接两个油路。两油路各装有压力和流量变送单元两套，下接带压力控制装置的背压腔体，背压腔体上端接有压力变送单元。图中两个电磁油压控制阀通过信号终端连接电脑控制，CCD高速数码摄相机、所有的压力和流量变送单元信号输出端与信号控制单元相连接。 The structure of a test device of the present invention that can realize the transient measurement of the internal flow of diesel engine nozzles under multiple working conditions is shown in Figure 1. In the figure, P represents the pressure transmission unit, V represents the flow transmission unit, and the thick solid line represents oil. road. The experimental device includes a pressure control system, a signal test system and an oil circuit system. The pressure control system includes high-pressure air pump, oil-gas mixing bottle, spoiler, pressure rail, electromagnetic rail pressure control valve (two left and right), pressure supply valve, back pressure chamber with pressure control device, etc.; the signal test system includes There are five pressure transmission units in the display, two flow transmission units, signal control terminal, CCD high-speed digital camera, computer and other components; the oil circuit system includes high-pressure oil pipes, fuel injectors with proportionally enlarged fuel injectors, and fuel delivery pumps. The high-pressure air pump, oil-gas mixing bottle, spoiler, and pressure track are connected in sequence. A pressure supply valve is installed at the end of the pressure track, and two electromagnetic oil pressure control valves are respectively installed on the right side. Two oil circuits are respectively connected behind the two electromagnetic oil pressure control valves on the pressure rail. Each of the two oil circuits is equipped with two sets of pressure and flow transmission units, the bottom of which is connected to a back pressure cavity with a pressure control device, and the top of the back pressure cavity is connected to a pressure transmission unit. In the figure, the two electromagnetic oil pressure control valves are connected to the computer for control through the signal terminal, and the CCD high-speed digital camera, and the signal output terminals of all pressure and flow transmission units are connected with the signal control unit.
本试验台主要是为了方便开展喷射压力，背压，工作介质的流动状态及喷油嘴的内部结构对对喷嘴内部空化流动的对比试验研究，具体操作如下： This test bench is mainly for the convenience of carrying out the comparative test research on the injection pressure, back pressure, flow state of the working medium and the internal structure of the injector to the cavitation flow inside the nozzle. The specific operation is as follows:
（1）开展喷射压力对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究时，可以通过加载相同结构的喷嘴，使得两个油路末端的背压腔保持相同的背压，关闭扰流器，通过调整电磁轨压调节阀来调节两个油路的喷射压力，使喷射压力按照一定的规律变化，进而通过压力和流量传感单元来获得不同喷射压力对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究。 (1) When carrying out the experimental research on the influence of injection pressure on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle, it is possible to load the nozzle with the same structure so that the back pressure chambers at the ends of the two oil passages maintain the same back pressure, close the spoiler, and adjust the electromagnetic The rail pressure regulating valve is used to adjust the injection pressure of the two oil circuits, so that the injection pressure changes according to a certain rule, and then the experimental research on the influence of different injection pressures on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle is obtained through the pressure and flow sensing unit.
（2）开展喷嘴内部结构对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究时，可以通过加载不同结构（长径比、喷孔锥角、喷孔数目等）的喷嘴，通过背压压力调节装置使两个油路末端的背压腔体内压力保持恒定，再通过调整电磁轨压调节阀来使得两个油路的喷射压力保持相同，关闭扰流器，进而通过压力和流量传感单元来获得不同喷嘴结构对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究。 (2) When carrying out experimental research on the influence of the internal structure of the nozzle on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle, it is possible to load nozzles with different structures (length-to-diameter ratio, nozzle cone angle, number of nozzle holes, etc.), and use the back pressure adjustment device to make the two The pressure in the back pressure cavity at the end of each oil circuit is kept constant, and then the injection pressure of the two oil circuits is kept the same by adjusting the electromagnetic rail pressure regulating valve, and the spoiler is closed, and then different nozzles are obtained through the pressure and flow sensing unit Experimental investigation of the effect of structure on cavitation flow inside a nozzle.
（3）开展背压对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究时，可以通过加载相同结构的喷嘴，通过调整电磁轨压调节阀来调节两个油路的喷射压力，使两油路的喷射压力相同，关闭扰流器，通过背压腔附带的压力调节系统调节两油路末端背压腔内部的压力大小按一定规律变化，进而通过压力和流量传感单元来获得不同背压对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究。 (3) When carrying out experimental research on the influence of back pressure on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle, the injection pressure of the two oil circuits can be adjusted by loading the nozzle with the same structure and adjusting the electromagnetic rail pressure regulating valve, so that the injection pressure of the two oil circuits In the same way, close the spoiler, adjust the pressure inside the back pressure chamber at the end of the two oil passages through the pressure adjustment system attached to the back pressure chamber to change according to a certain rule, and then use the pressure and flow sensing unit to obtain different back pressure effects on the nozzle internal air. Experimental study of the influence of fluidized flow.
（4）开展管内流动状态（不同的Re数）对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究时，可以通过加载相同结构的喷嘴，通过调整电磁轨压调节阀来调节两个油路的喷射压力，使两油路的喷射压力相同，通过背压腔附带的压力调节系统调节两油路末端背压腔内部的压力相同，开启扰流器，通过进而通过压力和流量传感单元来获得管内流动状态（不同的Re数）对喷嘴内部空化流动影响的试验研究。 (4) When carrying out experimental research on the influence of the flow state in the pipe (different Re numbers) on the cavitation flow inside the nozzle, the injection pressure of the two oil circuits can be adjusted by loading the nozzle with the same structure and adjusting the electromagnetic rail pressure regulating valve. Make the injection pressure of the two oil circuits the same, adjust the pressure inside the back pressure chamber at the end of the two oil circuits to be the same through the pressure adjustment system attached to the back pressure chamber, open the spoiler, and then obtain the flow state in the pipe through the pressure and flow sensing unit (Different Re numbers) Experimental study on the effect of cavitation flow inside the nozzle.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
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| CN103883453B (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2016-05-25 | 江苏大学 | A kind of Quick air corrosion test device and test method thereof of diesel engine jet rose |
| CN103884488B (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2016-04-06 | 江苏大学 | A kind of nozzle cavitating flows nanosecond flash of light imaging test device and method |
| CN103954624B (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2016-04-06 | 北京理工大学 | Diesel fuel system high pressure fuel cavitation dynamic and visual observation procedure |
| CN105604755B (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2018-12-14 | 江苏大学 | The experimental rig and method that nozzle interior flowing and cavitation corrosion relationship measures under multi-state |
| CN105651371A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-08 | 北京工业大学 | High-pressure diesel sonic velocity characteristic measurement method |
| CN105890888A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-24 | 山东科技大学 | Concrete wet spraying machine spraying nozzle jet flow structure testing platform |
| CN106194538A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏大学 | A kind of back pressure that can regulate realizes the assay device of fuel injector Visualization |
| CN106768908B (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-12-11 | 中国航空动力机械研究所 | A kind of head can revolve nozzle spray characteristic test apparatus under the simulation operating condition of shifting |
| CN106596311A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-04-26 | 江苏大学 | Experimental platform capable of synchronously measuring phenomena such as cavitation and cavitation erosion in different spraying nozzle structures |
| CN107941520B (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2020-03-17 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Oil nozzle for real-size test, and system and method for testing internal flow of oil nozzle for real-size test |
| CN115248183B (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2025-02-25 | 一汽解放汽车有限公司 | Urea nozzle corrosion resistance testing device and testing method |
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