Technical background
C5, C6 alkane isomerization technique are that the n-alkane in raw material is converted into to corresponding isohydrocarbon, and increasing the gasoline lightweight is partly the octane number of " front end ", make the boiling range of gasoline and octane number have one reasonably to distribute.Due to isomerized oil be a kind of low-sulfur, without the environmental friendly product of aromatic hydrocarbons and alkene, can meet new environmental protection requirement, so C5, C6 alkane isomerization technique occupy an important position in Clean Fuel Production.
CN1270990A provides a kind of catalyst for isomerizing light hydrocarbon, VIII family metal and composite zeolite carrier by 0.01~2.0 heavy % form, described composite zeolite carrier is comprised of the aluminium oxide of 10~90 heavy % and the composite zeolite of 10~90 heavy %, the modenite of the Beta zeolite that wherein composite zeolite is 1~99 heavy % and 1~99 heavy %.Described catalyst is, after h-mordenite, Hydrogen Beta zeolite and aluminium oxide are mixed, make complex carrier through roasting, then load VIII family metal-made to obtain.This catalyst is applicable to C
5/ C
6isomerization of paraffins, can effectively improve their octane number.But this catalyst exists, and technological process is long, service life shorter problem.
Preparation method and the application of a CN102941115A positive structure hydrocarbons hydrogenation isomerization catalyst.This preparation method comprises the following steps: after deionized water and phosphorus source are mixed, add respectively ,Gui source, aluminium source and micropore template, stir, then add mesoporous template, stir and obtain colloidal sol and carry out ageing, add matrix, carry out the Dynamic Hydrothermal crystallization; To product washed, separated, dry, roasting, obtain step hole SAPO-11/ γ-Al
2o
3composite; Adopt equi-volume impregnating, the metal active constituent step impregnation is arrived to described step hole SAPO-11/ γ-Al
2o
3on composite, then through room temperature dry, dry, roasting, obtain positive structure hydrocarbons hydrogenation isomerization catalyst.This catalyst when keeping higher positive structure hydrocarbons hydrogenation isomerisation conversion, have good two side chains and highly-branched chain isomerous body selectively, but this catalyst still exists that technological process is grown, service life shorter problem.
The stability of catalyst ubiquity carrier to load metal of the prior art is low, and catalyst is short service life, and the shortcomings such as low conversion rate need to be done the more deep Improvement that carries out.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of catalyst for isomerizing light hydrocarbon and preparation method thereof.
It is support material that the resin based sphere active carbon with high-specific surface area and microcellular structure is take in the present invention, high-temperature roasting is also used hydrogen fluoride to be activated, obtain the carrier that high-specific surface area and central hole structure increase, then by liquid phase sedimentation supported palladium, use containing fluorochloride and carry out modification simultaneously, thereby obtain catalyst for isomerizing light hydrocarbon.
The invention provides a kind of catalyst for isomerizing light hydrocarbon and preparation method thereof, realize by following steps:
1). the preparation of carrier:
Resin based sphere active carbon is moved into to pyrolysis in the electric tube furnace that passes to nitrogen stream, slowly heat up and rise to 600~1200 ℃ from room temperature, (preferably 800 ℃), after intensification finishes, nitrogen is switched to the hydrogen fluoride that flow is 3L-8L/ hour (preferably 5L/ hour) activation process 2~10 hours, (preferably 5 hours), product is chilled to room temperature.Obtain catalyst carrier;
2). load operation:
The preferred 4h of 2~5h(will be soaked) in the catalyst carrier alcohol solvent, the mass ratio of catalyst carrier and alcohol solvent is the preferred 1:3 of 1:1-1:5(), then add and account for the palladium salt that the catalyst carrier mass percent is 1~5% and carry out load, palladium salt can be palladium bichloride, palladium nitrate, palladium etc., preferably palladium nitrate, load time is 10-40 hour, (preferably 30 hours); Add afterwards the fluorochloride that contains that the catalyst carrier mass percent is 5~10%, 0~30 ℃ (preferably 15 ℃), react the preferred 15h of 10~20h(), product, through separating, cleaning with ethanol, is dried, and obtains catalyst for isomerizing light hydrocarbon.
Resin based sphere active carbon is commercially available prod, by macropore phenylethylene resin series polymer, through roasting, is made, and has higher specific area, and as the resin based sphere active carbon that Shanxi enterprise of Cui Hong Science and Technology Ltd. produces, specific area is greater than 800m
2/ g.
Containing the preferred CCl of fluorochloride
3f, CHCl
2f, more preferably CCl
3f.
The specific area of the catalyst carrier obtained is 200-800m
2/ g, have the mesopore of 70%-90% and the micropore of 10%-30% in catalyst carrier.
Adopt preparation method of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
1: the carrier of the catalyst obtained has high specific area and suitable pore structure, can greatly improve the stability of carrier to load metal, and then improves the isomerization performance of catalyst.
2: fluorine-containing muriatic modification makes catalyst have higher isomerization performance.
3: there is higher isomerization activity, move continuously 10 days after its optimal conversion up to 89%, the product octane number is up to 80%-85%, catalyst still can keep higher active catalyst after long period of operation, be more than 2 years service life.
The specific embodiment
Following instance is only to further illustrate the present invention, is not the restriction the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1:
Resin based sphere active carbon, Shanxi Cui Hong Science and Technology Ltd. produces
Sphere diameter is at 0.3-1.2mm, specific area (BET) 950-1200 (m
2/ g), pore volume 0.6-0.75ml/g.
1). the preparation of carrier:
Resin based sphere active carbon is moved into to pyrolysis in the electric tube furnace pass to nitrogen stream, slowly heat up and rise to 800 ℃ from room temperature, to the rear 5L/ hour flow of temperature, nitrogen is switched to hydrogen fluoride activation process 5h, product is chilled to room temperature.Obtain catalyst carrier.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 82%, and micropore accounts for 18%.
2). load operation
Catalyst carrier is soaked in alcohol solvent to 4h, the mass ratio of catalyst carrier and alcohol solvent is 1:3, adds and accounts for the palladium nitrate that the catalyst carrier mass percent is 3%, and load time is 30 hours.Then add the CCl that the catalyst carrier mass percent is 7%
3f, 15 ℃ of reaction 15h, product, through separating, cleans with ethanol, dries, and obtains carrying the resin carbon catalyst prod of palladium, is numbered KRB-1.In catalyst, mesopore accounts for 83%, and micropore accounts for 17%.
Embodiment 2
Add in step 2 and account for the palladium nitrate that the catalyst carrier mass percent is 1%, the other the same as in Example 1.Products obtained therefrom is numbered KRB-2.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 85%, and micropore accounts for 15%.
Embodiment 3
Add in step 2 and account for the palladium nitrate that the catalyst carrier mass percent is 5%, the other the same as in Example 1.Products obtained therefrom is numbered KRB-3.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 81%, and micropore accounts for 19%.
Embodiment 4
Add in step 2 and account for the CCl that the catalyst carrier mass percentage concentration is 5%
3f, the other the same as in Example 1.Products obtained therefrom is numbered KRB-4.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 86%, and micropore accounts for 14%.
Embodiment 5
Add in step 2 and account for the CCl that the catalyst carrier mass percentage concentration is 5%
3f, the other the same as in Example 2.Products obtained therefrom is numbered KRB-5.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 82%, and micropore accounts for 18%.
Embodiment 6
Add in step 2 and account for the CCl that the catalyst carrier mass percentage concentration is 5%
3f, the other the same as in Example 3.Products obtained therefrom is numbered KRB-6.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 84%, and micropore accounts for 16%.
Embodiment 7
Add in step 2 and account for the CCl that the catalyst carrier mass percent is 10%
3f, the other the same as in Example 1.Products obtained therefrom is numbered KRB-7.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 87%, and micropore accounts for 13%.
Embodiment 8
Add in step 2 and account for the CCl that the catalyst carrier mass percent is 10%
3f, the other the same as in Example 2.Products obtained therefrom is numbered KRB-8.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 81%, and micropore accounts for 19%.
Embodiment 9
Add in step 2 and account for the CCl that the catalyst carrier mass percent is 10%
3f, the other the same as in Example 3.Products obtained therefrom is numbered KRB-9.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 84%, and micropore accounts for 16%.
Comparative example 1:
Catalyst carrier adopts modenite to activate without hydrogen fluoride, and without fluorine-containing muriatic modification, the other the same as in Example 1.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 19%, and micropore accounts for 81%.Products obtained therefrom is numbered KRB-10.
Comparative example 2:
Catalyst carrier adopts resin based sphere active carbon, but without the hydrogen fluoride activation, and without fluorine-containing muriatic modification, the other the same as in Example 1.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 66%, and micropore accounts for 34%.Products obtained therefrom is numbered KRB-11.
Comparative example 3:
In step 1, resin based sphere active carbon activates without hydrogen fluoride, the other the same as in Example 1.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 67%, and micropore accounts for 33%.Products obtained therefrom is numbered KRB-12.
Comparative example 4:
In step 2, resin based sphere active carbon is without fluorine-containing muriatic modification, the other the same as in Example 1.In catalyst carrier, mesopore accounts for 77%, and micropore accounts for 23%.Products obtained therefrom is numbered KRB-13.
Embodiment 10. catalyst are for the evaluation of light hydrocarbon isomerization reaction
Experiment adopts CDS2804 type micro-trans-chromatogram arrangement continuously.From the gas cylinder decompression, by mass flowmenter, detected; Pentane is carried by the high pressure micro pump, and enters reactor after H2 mixing preheating.Hydrogen hydrocarbon mol ratio=2.5, reactor is φ 10mm * 2mm stainless steel tube, catalyst hydrogenation gas reduction 4h, the constant temperature zone in the reactor middle part, 250 ℃ of reaction temperatures, pressure 1MPa, top and the bottom filling quartz sand.Tail gas by the needle-valve adjust flux after the air defense, catalyst activity means with the n-pentane isomerization conversion ratio.
Table 1: the comparison of the test specimen n-pentane isomerization conversion ratio that different process is made
As shown in Table 1: product isomerisation conversion of the present invention is higher, and can use for a long time, this is because its shape selective had and restriction aperture are very effective to suppressing side reaction, this is because hydrogen fluoride activation rear catalyst micropore volume reduces, mesopore rolls up, and fluorine-containing muriatic modification simultaneously makes catalyst have good isomerization performance.Catalyst of the present invention has the product octane number of higher isomerization activity and Geng Gao, has market prospects preferably.