CN103433364A - Thermal-bulging forming method of high-temperature alloy rectangular section ring unit - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal-bulging forming method of a high-temperature alloy rectangular section ring unit. The method includes the steps that 1, a preheated die sleeve is fixed to a work table of a bulging machine, a heated high-temperature alloy rectangular section ring unit is arranged on the periphery of a preheated bulging block in the bulging machine in a sleeved mode, and the heated high-temperature alloy rectangular section ring unit is located in an annular space formed by enclosure of the outer circumference face of the bulging block and the inner ring face of the die sleeve; 2, the bulging machine is started, the ring unit can be extruded by the bulging block from the inner circumference surface of the ring unit in the radial direction and extruded into the inner ring face of the die sleeve after the ring unit deforms by 11%-13%, a closed cavity formed by enclosure of the outer circumference face of the bulging block and the inner ring face of the die sleeve is full of the ring unit, and the ring unit becomes the bulged rectangular section ring unit after pressure maintaining. According to the thermal-bulging forming method, bulging forming is achieved by one-shot large deformation, operation is simplified, and the bulged rectangular section ring unit which is high in size accuracy, good in product quality and high in productivity can be obtained. The bulged rectangular section ring unit is mainly applied to revolved body components and parts like cylindrical shells in the fields like aerospace.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of expanding method of ring, particularly related to the hot expansion forming method of high temperature alloy square-section annular part.
Background technology
In annular element forming technique field, along with the development of the industries such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, boats and ships, nuclear energy, gas turbine, wind-power electricity generation to annular element high reliability, high life and requirement cheaply, forming dimension precision, Microstructure and properties to annular element have also proposed higher requirement, and annular element is shaped towards high-quality, precision, efficient, environmental protection, future development cheaply.
After high temperature alloy square-section annular part (referring to that longitudinal section is the annular element of square-section) adopts the looping mill rolling, due to the impact that is subject to rolling mill practice and equipment limitation, its dimensional accuracy is generally not high; Only in the situation that the annular element shape is more satisfactory and equipment performance is more excellent, its dimensional accuracy just can reach 3 ‰ of corresponding size～5 ‰ (3/1000ths to 5/1000ths), and the annular element after rolling is because stress is larger, if control the even defect such as cracking of bad easy generation warpage, distortion in the following process operation.
On June 20th, 2012, disclosed Chinese invention patent specification CN102500705A disclosed a kind of heat expansion shape method of high temperature alloy straight-flanked ring rolled piece, and described straight-flanked ring rolled piece is square-section annular part.The method is put into shape expanding machine to the high temperature alloy straight-flanked ring rolled piece of heating, applying axial tension by the mandrel slide block to shape expanding machine moves down vertically it and makes the radially synchronizing moving diffusion of each radial slider along the endoporus conical surface extruding radial slide block of described radial slider, the bulging piece be contained on the radial slider outer circumference surface radially pushes from the inner circumferential surface of straight-flanked ring rolled piece the plastic deformation that the straight-flanked ring rolled piece makes its generation dimension of inner and outer diameters expansion and wall thickness reduction, through continuous three small deformations, described high temperature alloy straight-flanked ring rolled piece is by expansion forming.The method adopts the high temperature alloy square-section annular part of open bulging mode expansion forming to have following problem: first, the internal diameter size precision that is only described annular element can reach 1 ‰ of internal diameter size～2 ‰, can't reach this dimensional accuracy for the external diameter of described annular element and the dimensional accuracy of height, because be not controlled at the external diameter of annular element described in Bulging Process and the dimensional accuracy of height, can not improve its dimensional accuracy by this expanding method, the height of described annular element and outside dimension precision substantially also remain on the level after looping mill rolling; Second, the method is carried out bulging square-section annular part by continuous three small deformations and secondary rotating, each bulging all will could be realized by a large amount of technological parameter of regulation and control, its operation is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and productivity ratio is low, and energy digestion is large, production time and production cycle are longer, requirement to equipment is also higher, is unfavorable for controlling product quality in actual production process and tissue is produced in enormous quantities, is difficult to obtain high-quality, precision, efficient, environmental protection and annular element cheaply.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of hot expansion forming method that adopts die sleeve to realize high temperature alloy square-section annular part, the method is carried out expansion forming by a large deformation to described high temperature alloy square-section annular part, simplified operation, obtained that dimensional accuracy is high, product quality is easy to control, be conducive to the annular part in bulging square-section that tissue is produced in enormous quantities and productivity ratio is high.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the hot expansion forming method of high temperature alloy of the present invention square-section annular part, its technical scheme comprises the following steps:
The die sleeve that is preheating to 320 ℃～360 ℃ is fixed on the workbench of shape expanding machine and concentric with the mandrel slide block, again the square-section annular part cover be heated to before the high temperature alloy bulging of 940 ℃～970 ℃ is put into to shape expanding machine, its inner ring surface is enclosed within through being preheating to the outer circumference surface periphery of the bulging piece of 320 ℃～360 ℃, in the annular space that the inner ring surface of described annular element in the outer circumference surface by the bulging piece and die sleeve surrounds, now, radial slider is in closing up state;
Starting shape expanding machine applies axial tension F to the mandrel slide block and it is moved down vertically and make the radially synchronizing moving diffusion of each radial slider along the endoporus conical surface extruding radial slide block of described radial slider, the inner circumferential surface that is contained in the square-section annular part of bulging piece from bulging on the radial slider outer circumference surface radially pushes this annular element to be made in its generation, the plastic deformation of outside dimension expansion and wall thickness reduction, when reaching 11%～13%, the bulging deflection of described annular element is extruded in the inner ring surface of die sleeve, be full of the near closed hollow ring that the inner ring surface by the outer circumference surface of bulging piece and die sleeve surrounds, become the square-section annular part after bulging after pressurize,
The bulging temperature of the square-section annular part before described bulging is 940 ℃～970 ℃, the bulging time presses the wall thickness * 0.7s/mm of the square-section annular part before bulging～1.0s/mm and calculates, and the dwell time press the wall thickness * 25s/mm of the square-section annular part after bulging～35s/mm calculating;
After bulging finishes, the mandrel slide block that moves up, close up radial slider, dismantle and takes out the annular part in square-section after the taking-up bulging after die sleeve.
Described high temperature alloy is GH4169.
In Bulging Process, the axial tension F that described shape expanding machine applies the mandrel slide block is calculated as follows definite:
F＝ξ×σ
0.2×S
In formula:
ξ---shape expanding machine bulge coefficient, the present invention gets 1.26～1.52;
σ
0.2---the yield strength of high-temperature alloy material (MPa) at the bulging temperature, the GH4169 alloy is got 360MPa～410MPa;
Longitudinal section area (the mm of the square-section annular part before S---bulging
2).
Square-section annular part after employing said method bulging, its internal diameter size scope is Φ 400mm～Φ 4500mm, wall thickness is 10mm～200mm, is highly 40mm～750mm.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is placed in the annular part of the square-section before described bulging in the annular space that the inner ring surface by the outer circumference surface of the bulging piece on shape expanding machine and die sleeve surrounds, by adopting 11%～13% aximal deformation value that described annular element is expressed to disposable expansion forming in the near closed hollow ring that the inner ring surface by the outer circumference surface of bulging piece and die sleeve surrounds, realized closed bulging.
For the open bulging of prior art, the present invention adopts enclosed bulging mode in Bulging Process, can make internal diameter, external diameter and the height dimension of described square-section annular part in slave mode, not only can improve the dimensional accuracy of its internal diameter, and can improve its external diameter and dimensional accuracy highly, get final product so that all dimensional accuracies of whole annular element all are improved, thereby realized accurate expansion forming.
The present invention is by an aximal deformation value expansion forming, greatly simplified bulging process, reduced the requirement to bulging equipment, not only can save the energy in actual production process, reduce costs, boost productivity, and be easy to control product quality and realize produce in enormous quantities, can obtain high-quality, precision, efficient, environmental protection and annular element cheaply.
The present invention presses the wall thickness * 0.7s/mm of square-section before bulging annular part～1.0s/mm the bulging time in Bulging Process and calculates, can reasonably control according to the bulging time bulging speed of bulging piece, make the metal flow in described annular element comparatively smooth and easy, be conducive to be full of described near closed hollow ring; Dwell time presses the wall thickness * 25s/mm of square-section after bulging annular part～35s/mm and calculates, and is conducive to that square-section annular part before bulging fully is out of shape in described near closed hollow ring, cooling and delivery.The accurate Calculation of described bulging time and dwell time, can also make the production time in slave mode.
The dimensional accuracy of the internal diameter of the annular of the square-section after this high temperature alloy bulging part, external diameter and height, reached respectively 1 ‰ of described internal diameter, external diameter and height dimension～2 ‰ after testing; Marked change, do not occur in the interior tissue of the annular of the square-section after this alloy bulging part after testing, and without defects such as wall unevenness, bulges; Inside and outside anchor ring and the upper and lower bottom surface of the square-section annular part after this alloy bulging of machined rear detection, find no crackle.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the profilograph of the annular part in the square-section before bulging along its center line.
Fig. 2 is the shape expanding machine structure diagram that die sleeve is installed.
Fig. 3 is the installation schematic diagram of the square-section annular part before bulging.
Fig. 4 is the hot expansion forming process of the square-section annular part schematic diagram before bulging.
Fig. 5 is the square-section annular part schematic diagram after the bulging piece breaks away from bulging.
Fig. 6 is the profilograph of the annular part in the square-section after bulging along its center line.
The specific embodiment
The hot expansion forming method of implementing high temperature alloy of the present invention square-section annular part need to provide the equipment such as shape expanding machine, forge furnace, manipulator.The high temperature alloy that the material trademark of below take is GH4169 describes the specific embodiment of the method in detail as example:
The main chemical elements content (percentage by weight) of this alloy provided in prior art is: C content≤0.08%, containing Cr amount 17.0%～21.0%, ni content 50.0%～55.0%, containing Co amount≤1.0%, containing Mo amount 2.80%～3.30%, containing Al amount 0.30%～0.70%, containing Ti amount 0.75%～1.15%, containing Nb amount 4.75%～5.50%, containing B amount≤0.006%, containing Mg amount≤0.01%, containing Mn amount≤0.35%, si content≤0.35%, P content≤0.015%, containing S amount≤0.015%, containing Cu amount≤0.30%, containing Ca amount≤0.01%, containing Pb amount≤0.0005%, containing Se amount≤0.0003%, surplus is Fe.
In prior art, provide for the structure diagram of implementing heat expansion shape method of the present invention shape expanding machine used as shown in Figure 2, this shape expanding machine mainly is comprised of mandrel slide block 1, radial slider 2, bulging piece 3, workbench 4 and guide rail 5.Mandrel slide block 1 is conical and is sleeved in radial slider 2 and coordinates with the taper inner peripheral surface of radial slider 2, and mandrel slide block 1 can be driven and be moved up and down vertically in radial slider 2 and extruding radial slide block 2 by the hydraulic cylinder of shape expanding machine; Radial slider 2 is arranged on the guide rail 5 of shape expanding machine and can radially moves around along guide rail 5, radial slider 2 is overlooked direction from Fig. 2 and is seen it is 12 secter pat shapes of separating, be installed with respectively bulging piece 3 on the outer circumference surface of each secter pat, can form a toroidal when each secter pat closes up together with bulging piece 3; When mandrel slide block 1 moves down vertically in radial slider 2, can make each radial slider 2 radially synchronizing moving diffusion make bulging piece 3 reach the purpose of bulging ring, when mandrel slide block 1 moves up vertically in radial slider 2 shape expanding machine can drive each radial slider 2 radially synchronizing moving close up the ring made after bulging piece 3 breaks away from bulgings, bulging piece 3 has real-time measurement ring internal diameter size and measurement data is sent to the function on the display of shape expanding machine in Bulging Process; In addition, can drive in addition ring deflector roll (not shown) along the central axis rotation on this workbench on the workbench 4 of this shape expanding machine.
In addition, as shown in Figure 2, implement the present invention and also dismountable die sleeve 30 need to be installed on shape expanding machine, the longitudinal section of die sleeve 30 is " ┍ ┑ " annular shape, there is circular through hole 31 thereon on end face, during bulging, need be fixed on die sleeve 30 on the workbench 4 of shape expanding machine and concentric with mandrel slide block 1, in the time of after bulging finishes, need be die sleeve 30 delivery after workbench 4 dismountings of shape expanding machine.
The hot expansion forming processing step of this Alloy with Rectangle Cross-section annular element is as follows:
Step 1: installation.
As shown in Figure 3, die sleeve 30 is preheating on the workbench 4 that is fixed on shape expanding machine after 320 ℃～360 ℃ and concentric with mandrel slide block 1, and 3 to 320 ℃～360 ℃ of bulging pieces on the preheating shape expanding machine, after again the annular part 10 of the square-section before GH4169 alloy bulging as shown in Figure 1 being heated to 940 ℃～970 ℃, cover is put into shape expanding machine, make its inner ring surface be enclosed within the outer circumference surface periphery of bulging piece 3, in the annular space that the square-section inner ring surface of annular part 10 in the outer circumference surface by bulging piece 3 and die sleeve 30 surrounds, the bottom surface of square-section annular part 10 lie in workbench 4 above, now, radial slider 2 is in closing up state.During installation, the shipment of workpiece mainly completes by Robot actions.
Step 2: bulging.
As shown in Figure 4, starting shape expanding machine makes its mandrel slide block 1 axially move down along it, mandrel slide block 1 makes the radially synchronizing moving diffusion of each radial slider 2 along its taper surface extruding radial slide block 2 radial slider 2 is interior, the outer circumference surface of the bulging piece 3 on radial slider 2 is along the inner circumferential surface extruding square-section annular part 10 of square-section annular part 10, make square-section annular part 10 be subject to the radial compression power from bulging piece 3 from the inner circumferential surface to the external peripheral surface, cause the inner peripheral surface of square-section annular part 10 radially to enlarge, in square-section annular part 10 occurs, outside dimension enlarges, the plastic deformation of wall thickness reduction, square-section annular part 10 is extruded in the inner ring surface of die sleeve 30 by bulging piece 3 bulgings and when its bulging deflection reaches 11%～13%, be full of the near closed hollow ring that the inner ring surface by the outer circumference surface of bulging piece 3 and die sleeve 30 surrounds, now stop mandrel slide block 1 and move down and make bulging piece 3 not remake radial motion, obtain the square-section annular part 20 after bulging after pressurize.
The axial tension that during bulging, the hydraulic cylinder of shape expanding machine applies mandrel slide block 1 is F, the bulging temperature of square-section annular part 10 is 940 ℃～970 ℃, the bulging time calculates by the wall thickness * 0.7s/mm of square-section annular part 10～1.0s/mm, and the dwell time press the wall thickness * 25s/mm of the square-section annular part 20 after bulging～35s/mm calculating.
The described bulging time refer to square-section annular part 10 from the beginning by bulging to the time that reaches the bulging deflection; The described dwell time refer to square-section annular part 10 by bulging reach after deflection in the near closed hollow ring that the inner ring surface at the outer circumference surface by bulging piece 3 and die sleeve 30 surrounds no longer deform and finally be configured as bulging after time of square-section annular part 20.
The computational methods of the bulging deflection of described square-section annular part 10 are: bulging deflection=［ the central diameter size of (the central diameter size of the central diameter size of the square-section annular part 20 after bulging-square-section annular part 10)/square-section annular part 10 ］ * 100%.
The central diameter size of described square-section annular part 10=(outside dimension of the internal diameter size of square-section annular part 10+square-section annular part 10) ÷ 2.
The central diameter size of the square-section annular part 20 after described bulging=(outside dimension of the square-section annular part 20 after the internal diameter size+bulging of the square-section annular part 20 after bulging) ÷ 2.
Step 3: delivery.
As shown in Figure 5, after bulging finishes, mandrel slide block 1 moves up, close up radial slider 2 and make the square-section annular part 20 after bulging piece 3 breaks away from bulging, disassemble die sleeve 30 from the workbench 4 of shape expanding machine, first take out die sleeve 30 with manipulator, then take out the square-section annular part 20 after bulging, its shape as shown in Figure 6.
Described square-section annular part 10 is in Bulging Process, and described axial tension F is calculated as follows:
F＝ξ×σ
0.2×S
In formula:
ξ---shape expanding machine bulge coefficient, the present invention gets 1.26～1.52;
σ
0.2---the yield strength of high-temperature alloy material (MPa) at the bulging temperature, the present invention gets 360MPa～410MPa;
S---the longitudinal section area (mm of square-section annular part 10
2);
Square-section annular part 20 after employing said method bulging, its internal diameter size scope is: Φ 400mm～Φ 4500mm, wall thickness is 10mm～200mm, is highly 40mm～750mm.
Claims (4)
1. the hot expansion forming method of a high temperature alloy square-section annular part, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
The die sleeve that is preheating to 320 ℃～360 ℃ is fixed on the workbench of shape expanding machine and concentric with the mandrel slide block, again the square-section annular part cover be heated to before the high temperature alloy bulging of 940 ℃～970 ℃ is put into to shape expanding machine, its inner ring surface is enclosed within through being preheating to the outer circumference surface periphery of the bulging piece of 320 ℃～360 ℃, in the annular space that the inner ring surface of described annular element in the outer circumference surface by the bulging piece and die sleeve surrounds, now, radial slider is in closing up state;
Starting shape expanding machine applies axial tension F to the mandrel slide block and it is moved down vertically and make the radially synchronizing moving diffusion of each radial slider along the endoporus conical surface extruding radial slide block of described radial slider, the inner circumferential surface that is contained in the square-section annular part of bulging piece from bulging on the radial slider outer circumference surface radially pushes this annular element to be made in its generation, the plastic deformation of outside dimension expansion and wall thickness reduction, when reaching 11%～13%, the bulging deflection of described annular element is extruded in the inner ring surface of die sleeve, be full of the near closed hollow ring that the inner ring surface by the outer circumference surface of bulging piece and die sleeve surrounds, become the square-section annular part after bulging after pressurize,
The bulging temperature of the square-section annular part before described bulging is 940 ℃～970 ℃, the bulging time presses the wall thickness * 0.7s/mm of the square-section annular part before bulging～1.0s/mm and calculates, and the dwell time press the wall thickness * 25s/mm of the square-section annular part after bulging～35s/mm calculating;
After bulging finishes, the mandrel slide block that moves up, close up radial slider, dismantle and takes out the annular part in square-section after the taking-up bulging after die sleeve.
2. the hot expansion forming method of high temperature alloy according to claim 1 square-section annular part, it is characterized in that: described high temperature alloy is GH4169.
3. the hot expansion forming method of high temperature alloy according to claim 1 and 2 square-section annular part, is characterized in that, the axial tension F that described shape expanding machine applies the mandrel slide block is calculated as follows definite:
F＝ξ×σ
0.2×S
In formula:
ξ---shape expanding machine bulge coefficient, the present invention gets 1.26～1.52;
σ
0.2---the yield strength of high-temperature alloy material (MPa) at the bulging temperature, the GH4169 alloy is got 360MPa～410MPa;
Longitudinal section area (the mm of the square-section annular part before S---bulging
2).
4. the hot expansion forming method of high temperature alloy according to claim 1 and 2 square-section annular part, it is characterized in that: the square-section annular part after described bulging, its internal diameter size scope is Φ 400mm～Φ 4500mm, and wall thickness is 10mm～200mm, is highly 40mm～750mm.
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