CN103430762B - A kind of sweet osmanthus premature labor Highly effective culture technique - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technique for osmanthus osmanthus. The particularity of the cultivation technique is that the premature and high-yield osmanthus osmanthus is promoted through different fertilization and pruning techniques. This cultivation technique promotes the rapid growth of osmanthus within 2-3 years after the osmanthus is planted, combining a small amount of multiple times of fertilization and spraying fertilizer on the leaves during the growing season. In the fourth year, branch pulling and girdling are used to control fertilization to promote flower bud differentiation and achieve early osmanthus flowering. 2-3 years. By fertilizing the osmanthus with strong growth potential every other year and girdling twice to inhibit the vegetative growth of osmanthus, promote flower bud differentiation and re-fertilize the trees with weak growth potential to restore tree vigor, increase flowering parts and increase yield, which can be improved compared with conventional cultivation. Yield is around 20%.

Description

A kind of high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technique of sweet-scented osmanthus

technical field

The invention belongs to the agricultural planting technology, in particular to a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for sweet-scented osmanthus.

Background technique

Osmanthus osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.) belongs to the Osmanthus family, and is a unique evergreen broad-leaved shrub or small tree economic tree species in China. It is native to the mountainous areas of southwest my country and has a cultivation history of more than 2,500 years.

With the improvement of people's material and cultural living standards, the requirements for urban landscaping are getting higher and higher. It is not only required to achieve greening, but also to achieve the goals of beautification, fragrance, color and perennial green. Among many landscaping tree species, only osmanthus can approach this goal. Osmanthus fragrans is elegant in appearance, jasper is like a cloud, and osmanthus core is fragrant, refreshing. It is true that "the breeze comes to the sky one day, and the world's dragons do not catch up with the fragrance." Since ancient times, as one of the top ten precious flowers and trees in my country, it has been used in gardens and street greening. widely used.

Osmanthus fragrans is rich in fragrance, and the flowers contain capric acid lactone, α-ionone, β-ionone, anti-linalool oxide, cis-linalool oxide, linalool, dihydro-β-violet, etc. Various aromatic compounds. The flowers are extracted with a floral solvent (such as petroleum ether) to make an osmanthus extract, which is worth nearly 4,000 yuan per kilogram. Osmanthus fragrans extract is widely used in the preparation of osmanthus fragrans food, daily chemical and wine making industries, and the export of products is in short supply.

The nutritional value of osmanthus is very high. According to preliminary determination, it contains 22 kinds of amino acids, 15 kinds of vitamins, more than 10 kinds of trace elements necessary for human body and multiple carotene. Known as "whole nutritional food". The existing osmanthus products include osmanthus wine, osmanthus dew, osmanthus cakes, osmanthus sugar, osmanthus tea, osmanthus moon cakes, osmanthus soybean milk, osmanthus drinks, osmanthus essence and more than 50 kinds. Therefore, the Ministry of Light Industry vigorously promotes and develops sweet-scented osmanthus cultivation in 13 southern provinces to meet the growing domestic and foreign needs. 14 provinces (districts), cities or counties across the country have designated osmanthus as the provincial flower, city flower or county flower.

Osmanthus fragrans is not only used as an ornamental greening plant in gardens, but also an important raw material for chemical and food processing. Currently, there are more than 50 kinds of processed products of osmanthus fragrans, but there is a serious shortage of raw materials for processing. Almost all processing enterprises are in a state of half-year production and half-year suspension.

At present, there are four main problems in the cultivation of osmanthus fragrans. One is that there are few varieties and the flowering period is concentrated; the other is that it takes a long time for some flower quality Jingui, Yingui and Dangui to enter the flowering period, and the childhood period takes 10 years. About to enter the flowering period. The third is that there is no plastic pruning, the tree shape is chaotic, the tree is too high, the flowering is bulbous, and the flowering parts are moved outwards, resulting in a decrease in flowering parts; the fourth is the lack of guidance on fertilizer and water management and pest control, resulting in unbalanced vegetative growth and reproduction. Above-mentioned factors all cause the yield of sweet-scented osmanthus to be low, and an adult sweet-scented osmanthus tree strain produces less than 5kg. Therefore, the income of flower farmers is not high, and their enthusiasm is affected; the raw material supply of processing enterprises is insufficient, and they are in a state of half-year production and half-year idleness, which affects the efficiency of enterprises. Therefore, through the premature, high-yield and efficient cultivation of sweet-scented osmanthus, increasing the yield of sweet-scented osmanthus to meet the needs of processing enterprises is of great significance to improving the benefits of planting sweet-scented osmanthus and the benefits of processing enterprises.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method for sweet-scented osmanthus. The technical proposal is to promote the premature birth of sweet-scented osmanthus and the high-yield of adult sweet-scented osmanthus trees through different fertilization and pruning techniques to achieve the purpose.

1. Premature cultivation method.

Planting: Select 2-year-old plants with many branches and grow vigorously in autumn, winter or spring. If planting in spring, some leaves should be removed appropriately to reduce water evaporation, and it is not suitable to apply basal fertilizer. The root system of osmanthus is afraid of waterlogging, so pay attention to open drainage ditches or raise the colonization when planting on flat ground.

Fertilization: Within 2 to 3 years after planting, adopt the "less application and multiple times" fertilization technology to quickly promote tree growth. The specific method is to apply quick-acting fertilizer every 2 months during the growing season of the first year after planting, 3-5kg of human excrement or 50-100g of urea at a concentration of 1:5 for each tree. The depth is 10-15cm; at the same time, spray 0.2%-0.5% urea or 1500-3000ppm gibberellin on the leaves every half a month; apply base fertilizer once in autumn, mainly organic fertilizers such as decomposed manure or cake fertilizer, 5-10kg per plant, the depth is 30-40cm, and it is applied in a circular furrow. In the second and third years, increase the amount of fertilization by 10-20% each time, for 2-3 consecutive years, so that the tree grows rapidly, and strive to reach a height of more than 2.0m in 2-3 years after planting. Afterwards, apply quick-acting fertilizer once in March and July respectively, apply 5-10kg of human excrement and urine or 100-300g of urea to each tree at a concentration of 1:5, and spray 1500-3000ppm gibberellin on the leaves every half a month. Fertilization method is the same as above.

Pruning: After the height of the tree reaches about 2.0m, the main branch is pulled before budding in spring, at an angle of 50-70 degrees to the ground. Width 2 ~ 3mm.

Through the above treatments, it can usually bloom in the same year or the next year, 2 to 3 years earlier than conventional cultivation.

2, adult tree high-yield cultivation method.

(1) For tree management with strong growth potential.

Fertilization: Do not apply basal fertilizer to trees with strong growth potential, apply pregnant flower fertilizer from June to August, apply 25-50kg of human feces and urine or 100-300g of urea to each tree at a concentration of 1:5, and apply in circular furrows along the drip line of the tree crown. It is 10-15cm.

Pruning: Girdle the vigorously growing main branches, the girdling is as deep as the xylem, the width is 2-3 mm, and the girdling is done twice, once in April and June, to achieve the purpose of inhibiting vegetative growth and promoting flower bud differentiation. Yield can be increased by 10-20%.

(2) Management of trees with weak growth potential.

Fertilization: For trees with weak growth potential, heavy fertilization and multiple fertilization combined with foliar spraying are adopted. Apply basal fertilizer once a year after flowering, mainly decomposed manure, 100-150kg per plant, apply in circular furrows along the drip line of the tree crown, with a depth of 20-30cm; apply quick-acting fertilizer 4-5 times during the growing season from March to August, Apply human feces and urine at a concentration of 1:5 per tree, 25-50kg or 300-500g of urea, and apply it in a circular ditch along the drip line of the tree crown, with a depth of 10-15cm; at the same time, spray 0.2%-0.5 % urea or 1500-3000ppm gibberellin. After 2-3 years to restore the tree vigor, the yield can be increased by about 20%.

Pruning: Carry out a heavy pruning before budding in spring, cut off diseased and dead branches, and retract weak branches for many years to stimulate the germination of hidden buds. Prune only once and never prune again.

detailed description

Example 1

Premature cultivation experiment: The experiment was carried out in the Osmanthus Garden of Xian'an Campus of Hubei University of Science and Technology. The variety is Osmanthus osmanthus in the autumn osmanthus category. The 2-year-old plant with more branches was selected and grew vigorously. The 2-year-old plant was planted in the autumn of 2003, with a height of 0.8m.

During the growing season of 2004 from March to October, apply quick-acting fertilizer every two months, apply 3-5kg of human excrement and urine or 50-100g of urea to each tree at a concentration of 1:5, and fertilize in circular furrows with a depth of 10 ~15cm; at the same time, spray 0.2% ~ 0.5% urea or 1500 ~ 3000ppm gibberellin on the leaves every half a month; apply base fertilizer once in autumn, mainly organic fertilizers such as decomposed manure or cake fertilizer, 5 ~ 10kg per plant , the depth is 30-40cm, and the ring-shaped ditch is applied. In 2005, on the basis of fertilization in 2004, increase the amount of fertilization by 10-20%, and in 2006, increase the amount of fertilization by 10-20% on the basis of 2005, and spray 1500-3000ppm gibberellin on the leaves every half a month; In October 2005, the height of the tree reached more than 2.4m. In 2007, quick-acting fertilizers were applied once in March and July respectively, 5-10kg of human feces and urine or 100-300g of urea were applied to each tree at a concentration of 1:5, and 1500-3000ppm gibberella was sprayed on the leaves every half a month. element; the method of fertilization is the same as above.

Before budding in the spring of 2006, pull the main branches at an angle of 50-70 degrees to the ground. At the same time, girdling is used for the vigorously growing main branches. The girdling is as deep as the xylem, with a width of 2-3mm. Remove the branches below 30cm from the base of the trunk and the branches that disturb the tree shape; other branches are generally not treated.

Through the above method, there were a small amount of flowers in 2006, but the yield could not be counted. In 2007, the flowers per plant could reach 0.1Kg, and in 2008, each plant reached 0.4Kg. The ones that are not processed generally have a small amount of flowers until 2008.

Example 2

The high-yield cultivation experiment of adult trees was carried out in the second group of Guihua Village, Guihua Town, Xian'an District in 2007.

The tree with strong growth potential is 14-year-old silver osmanthus, planted on flat ground, 3 trees per treatment, repeated 3 times, a total of 9 trees, the average yield in 2006 was 2.5Kg. The treatment method is (1) fertilization: do not apply basal fertilizer to trees with strong growth potential, apply flower fertilizer from June to August, apply 25-50kg of human excrement and urine or 100-300g of urea to each tree at a concentration of 1:5, and apply fertilizer along the drip line of the crown. Apply in circular furrows with a depth of 10-15cm. (2) Pruning: Girdle the vigorously growing main branches, the girdling is as deep as the xylem, the width is 2-3 mm, and the girdling is done twice, once in April and June, to achieve the purpose of inhibiting vegetative growth and promoting flower bud differentiation. In September 2007, the calculated output was 2.8Kg. In 2008 and 2009, the management in 2007 continued. The average plant yield reached 3.0Kg and 3.4Kg, while the average plant yield for 3 years without treatment was 2.6Kg, 2.7Kg, 2.7Kg.

The tree with weak growth potential is 20-year-old silver osmanthus. It is planted on the mountain. Because the soil is relatively poor and the annual branching is small, 3 trees are treated and repeated 3 times. There are 9 trees in total. The average yield in 2006 is 2.7Kg.

The treatment method is (1) pruning: carry out a heavy pruning before budding in spring, cut off diseased branches and dead branches, and retract weak branches for many years to stimulate the germination of hidden buds. Prune only once and never prune again. (2) Fertilization: For trees with weak growth potential, heavy fertilization and multiple fertilization combined with foliage spraying are adopted. In 2006, apply basal fertilizer once after flowering, mainly decomposed manure, 100-150kg per plant, and apply it in a circular furrow along the drip line of the tree crown, with a depth of 20-30cm; 5 times, apply 1:5 concentration of human feces and urine to each tree, 25-50kg or urea 300-500g, apply in circular furrow along the drip line of the tree crown, the depth is 10-15cm; at the same time, spray 0.2 %～0.5% urea or 1500～3000ppm gibberellin. In 2008 and 2009, continue to carry out fertilization management according to 2007, no pruning. The average plant yields in 2007, 2008, and 2009 reached 3.0Kg, 3.6Kg, and 4.0Kg, while the average plant yields without treatment for 3 years were 2.8Kg, 3.0Kg, and 3.1Kg, respectively.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of sweet-scented osmanthus premature and high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method is characterized in that, comprises premature production cultivation method and adult tree high-yield cultivation method, The steps of the premature cultivation method are: (1) Field planting: select a robust 2-year-old plant with a height of about 80 cm, and plant it in autumn, winter or spring. If planting in spring, some leaves should be removed appropriately, and no basal fertilizer should be applied; The row spacing is 200cm, and the plant spacing is 150cm. If it is cultivated on flat ground, drainage ditches should be pumped; (2) Fertilization: During the growing season of the first year after planting, from March to October, apply quick-acting fertilizer every two months, and apply 3-5kg of human excrement or 50-100g of urea to each tree at a concentration of 1:5. Furrow application with a depth of 10-15cm; at the same time, 0.2%-0.5% urea or 1500-3000ppm gibberellin was sprayed on the leaves every half a month; the base fertilizer was applied once in autumn, mainly decomposed organic fertilizer, and each plant 5~10kg, the depth is 30~40cm, and it is applied in a circular ditch; Afterwards, increase the amount of fertilization by 10-20% every year for 2-3 consecutive years, so that the tree grows rapidly, and strive to reach a height of more than 2.0m after 2-3 years of planting; Afterwards, apply quick-acting fertilizer once in March and July respectively, apply 5-10kg of human feces and urine or 100-300g of urea to each tree at a concentration of 1:5, and spray 1500-3000ppm gibberellin on the leaves every half a month , fertilization method is the same as above; (3) Pruning: After the height of the tree reaches 2.0m, the main branch will be pulled out before budding in spring, at an angle of 50-70 degrees to the ground, and at the same time, the robust main branch will be girdled, and the girdling depth will reach Xylem, width 2～3mm The steps of the high-yield cultivation method for adult trees are: (1) Fertilization: Do not apply basal fertilizer to trees with strong growth potential, apply pregnant flower fertilizer from June to August, apply 25-50kg of human feces and urine or 100-300g of urea to each tree at a concentration of 1:5, and make a circular ditch along the drip line of the crown Apply, the depth is 10-15cm; For trees with weak growth potential, heavy fertilization and multiple fertilization combined with foliar spraying are adopted; Apply basal fertilizer once a year after flowering, mainly decomposed manure, 100-150kg per plant, apply in circular furrows along the drip line of the tree crown, with a depth of 20-30cm; apply quick-acting fertilizer 4-5 times during the growing season from March to August, Apply human feces and urine at a concentration of 1:5 per tree, 25-50kg or 300-500g of urea, and apply it in a circular ditch along the drip line of the tree crown, with a depth of 10-15cm; at the same time, spray 0.2%-0.5 % urea or 1500-3000ppm gibberellin, (2) Pruning: take girdling treatment to the main branches with strong growth, the girdling is as deep as the xylem, the width is 2-3mm, and the girdling is done twice, once in April and June; for the trees with weak growth potential before budding in spring A heavy pruning, cutting off diseased branches and dead branches, and shrinking weak branches for many years to stimulate the germination of hidden buds. 2. the high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method of osmanthus osmanthus according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described organic fertilizer is manure or cake manure.