CN103420490B - A kind of close electric type bio-carrier and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of close electric type bio-carrier and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001651 autotrophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种亲电型生物载体及其制备方法,所用的原料及质量份数为高分子基料100-250份、亲电功能料2-15份、辅料1、辅料2和辅料3分别为2-20份、2-20份以及1-10份。将上述原料通过混匀、造粒、螺杆挤出以及冷却切割成型。本发明提供的生物载体制备方便,且密度在0.91-0.97g/cm3可控;根据微生物在水中带有负电的特性,在载体中混有带正电的功能料使载体表面带有正电荷,以增强微生物与载体间的亲和性。此类生物载体有利于微生物附着生长、挂膜容易、周期短;生物量大、氨氮去除效率高、出水水质好;污泥沉降性能好,设备运行无污泥堵塞现象;生物载体使用寿命长,而且不需要人工更换和维护。The invention discloses an electrophilic biological carrier and a preparation method thereof. The raw materials and mass parts used are 100-250 parts of polymer base material, 2-15 parts of electrophilic functional material, auxiliary material 1, auxiliary material 2 and auxiliary material 3 2-20 parts, 2-20 parts and 1-10 parts respectively. The above raw materials are mixed, granulated, screw extruded and cooled and cut into shapes. The biological carrier provided by the present invention is easy to prepare, and the density is controllable at 0.91-0.97g/cm 3 ; according to the negatively charged characteristics of microorganisms in water, positively charged functional materials are mixed in the carrier to make the surface of the carrier positively charged , to enhance the affinity between microorganisms and carriers. This type of biological carrier is conducive to the growth of microorganisms, easy film formation, and short cycle; large biomass, high ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency, and good effluent quality; good sludge settling performance, no sludge clogging in equipment operation; biological carrier has a long service life, And there is no need for manual replacement and maintenance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种亲电型生物载体及其制备方法,可用于环境污染物的生物处理,尤其适用于污水的生物处理中。属于污染物的生物处理领域。The invention relates to an electrophilic biological carrier and a preparation method thereof, which can be used for the biological treatment of environmental pollutants, especially for the biological treatment of sewage. The invention belongs to the field of biological treatment of pollutants.
背景技术Background technique
微生物赖以生存的场所——生物载体的研制与开发是固定床或移动床生物膜反应工艺发展的关键所在。但是,目前国内生产的生物载体大多将高分子材料直接加工成型,因此,所生产的生物载体挂膜速度慢、生物亲和性差、生物膜易脱落、氨氮的去除效率低,反应器运行及处理效果不佳。The place where microorganisms live - the research and development of biological carriers is the key to the development of fixed bed or moving bed biofilm reaction process. However, at present, most of the biocarriers produced in China are directly processed into polymer materials. Therefore, the biocarriers produced have slow film formation speed, poor biocompatibility, easy biofilm detachment, and low ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency. Reactor operation and treatment not effectively.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够提高载体表面的生物亲和性、对有机物和氨氮的去除效率高以及生产方法简便的表面亲电型生物载体。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a surface electrophilic biological carrier capable of improving the biological affinity of the carrier surface, having high removal efficiency for organic matter and ammonia nitrogen, and a simple and convenient production method.
本发明所提供的生物载体是根据微生物在水中带有负电的特性,在载体中混有带正电的功能料使载体表面带有正电荷,以达到增强微生物与载体间的亲和性的目的。The biological carrier provided by the present invention is based on the negatively charged characteristics of microorganisms in water, and positively charged functional materials are mixed in the carrier to make the surface of the carrier positively charged, so as to achieve the purpose of enhancing the affinity between microorganisms and the carrier .
本发明的生物载体包括高分子基料和亲电功能料;其中,高分子基料是聚乙烯或聚丙烯,相对于亲电功能料的质量份数为100-250份;亲电功能料是胺盐、季铵盐、吡啶盐以及噻吩盐类的一种或几种,相对于高分子基料的质量份数2-15份。The biological carrier of the present invention includes a polymer base material and an electrophilic functional material; wherein, the polymer base material is polyethylene or polypropylene, and the mass fraction relative to the electrophilic functional material is 100-250 parts; the electrophilic functional material is amine One or more of salt, quaternary ammonium salt, pyridinium salt and thiophene salt, the mass fraction relative to the polymer base material is 2-15 parts.
上述的亲电功能料可以是聚苯胺、阳离子淀粉、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺、聚吡咯、聚噻吩的一种或几种。The electrophilic functional material mentioned above can be one or more of polyaniline, cationic starch, cationic polyacrylamide, polypyrrole and polythiophene.
上述的亲电功能料的质量份数为2-15份,其中聚苯胺、聚吡咯和聚噻吩的质量份数各为2-10份,阳离子淀粉和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的质量份数各为5-15份。The mass parts of the electrophilic functional material mentioned above are 2-15 parts, wherein the mass parts of polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene are respectively 2-10 parts, and the mass parts of cationic starch and cationic polyacrylamide are 5 parts respectively. -15 copies.
可以根据需要再加入下述辅料中的一种或几种:One or more of the following auxiliary materials can be added as needed:
(1)辅料1是聚乙烯醇、活性炭、硅藻土、中性氧化铝的一种或几种,质量份数为2-20份。(1) The auxiliary material 1 is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, and neutral alumina, and the parts by mass are 2-20 parts.
(2)辅料2是碳酸钙、滑石粉的一种或几种,质量份数为2-20份。(2) The auxiliary material 2 is one or more of calcium carbonate and talcum powder, and the number of parts by mass is 2-20 parts.
(3)辅料3是铁粉或三氧化二铁的一种或几种,质量份数为1-10份。(3) The auxiliary material 3 is one or more of iron powder or ferric oxide, and the number of parts by mass is 1-10 parts.
其中,辅料1的质量份数可以为2-20份,其中聚乙烯醇的质量份数为2-16份,活性炭和硅藻土的质量份数各为10-20份,中性氧化铝的质量份数为2-10份。本发明生物载体的制备方法为:Wherein, the mass fraction of auxiliary material 1 can be 2-20 parts, wherein the mass fraction of polyvinyl alcohol is 2-16 fractions, the mass fraction of activated carbon and diatomite is 10-20 fractions respectively, and the mass fraction of neutral alumina The number of parts by mass is 2-10 parts. The preparation method of biological carrier of the present invention is:
步骤1:高分子基料:亲电功能料:辅料1:辅料2:辅料3=100-250:2-15:2-20:2-20:1-10;Step 1: polymer base material: electrophilic functional material: auxiliary material 1: auxiliary material 2: auxiliary material 3=100-250: 2-15: 2-20: 2-20: 1-10;
步骤2:将步骤1中的原料加入到混合机中充分混匀;Step 2: Add the raw materials in step 1 to the mixer and mix well;
步骤3:将步骤2中的原料置于造粒机中加工成颗粒物;Step 3: placing the raw materials in step 2 in a granulator and processing them into granules;
步骤4:将步骤3中的颗粒物置于螺杆挤出机中,由螺杆挤出机高温挤出,螺杆挤出机各段的加工温度为:130℃-200℃。并可根据螺杆挤出机所选模具头的不同,制成不同形状的圆柱形管材;将加工成型的管材,根据所需要的尺寸切割定型。Step 4: Put the granules in step 3 into a screw extruder and extrude them at high temperature. The processing temperature of each section of the screw extruder is: 130°C-200°C. And according to the different die heads selected by the screw extruder, different shapes of cylindrical pipes can be made; the processed pipes can be cut and shaped according to the required size.
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下特点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics:
1.本发明所述的生物载体在制备过程中混有的亲电功能料带有正电性,使得生物载体表面带有不同程度的正电荷。由于微生物带有负电性,这就使得本发明所述的亲电型生物载体具有很好的生物亲和性,缩短了挂膜周期且不易脱落、生物载体表面微生物量大。1. The electrophilic functional material mixed in the preparation process of the biological carrier of the present invention is positively charged, so that the surface of the biological carrier has different degrees of positive charges. Because microorganisms are negatively charged, this makes the electrophilic biological carrier of the present invention have good biological affinity, shortens the film-hanging period and is not easy to fall off, and the microbial mass on the surface of the biological carrier is large.
2.本发明所述的生物载体的湿密度在0.91-0.97g/cm3可控,挂膜后的载体密度接近于水,在水中利用气流和水流的动力作用下更容易达到悬浮状态,既减少了能耗,降低运行成本;又提高了处理效果。2. The wet density of the biological carrier according to the present invention is controllable at 0.91-0.97g/cm 3 , and the carrier density after hanging the film is close to water, and it is easier to reach the suspension state under the dynamic action of airflow and water flow in water, both Reduce energy consumption, lower operating costs; and improve the treatment effect.
3.本发明所述的生物载体在水中为自养型硝化菌和异养型反硝化菌提供良好的生长环境,有利于增强硝化-反硝化作用效果,以城市生活污水为例,将本发明所述生物载体投加到好氧生物反应池内,COD的去除率为95%以上、氨氮的去除率为95%以上,并具有同步硝化-反硝化的处理效果。3. The biological carrier of the present invention provides a good growth environment for autotrophic nitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria in water, which is conducive to enhancing the effect of nitrification-denitrification. Taking urban domestic sewage as an example, the present invention The biological carrier is added into the aerobic biological reaction tank, the removal rate of COD is over 95%, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is over 95%, and has the treatment effect of synchronous nitrification-denitrification.
4.本发明所述的生物载体加工方便、工艺流程简单且生产成本低。4. The biological carrier of the present invention has the advantages of convenient processing, simple process flow and low production cost.
5.本发明所述的生物载体的使用寿命长,不需要人工更换和维护。5. The biological carrier of the present invention has a long service life and does not require manual replacement and maintenance.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合技术方案详细叙述本发明的具体实施例。Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with technical solutions.
实施例1Example 1
取聚乙烯25千克、细度在100目以上的聚苯胺1千克、中性氧化铝和硅藻土各1千克、碳酸钙2千克以及三氧化二铁1千克,将上述原料加入混合机混合均匀;置于造粒机中在150℃的温度下加工成颗粒物;将此颗粒物加入到螺杆挤出机中,各段温度为130℃、140℃、150℃、130℃(机头),挤出制成圆柱形管材,最后经过冷却、切割定型制成本发明所述的生物载体,其密度为0.93g/cm3。对本实施例所制备的生物载体进行固体表面Zeta电位测试实验,测试结果表明:电解液呈中性时,该生物载体表面Zeta电位为+22mV,说明生物载体表面带有正电性。Take 25 kg of polyethylene, 1 kg of polyaniline with a fineness of more than 100 mesh, 1 kg of neutral alumina and diatomaceous earth, 2 kg of calcium carbonate and 1 kg of ferric oxide, and add the above raw materials to the mixer and mix evenly ; put it in the granulator and process it into granules at a temperature of 150°C; put the granules into the screw extruder, and the temperature of each section is 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 130°C (head), and extrude Made into a cylindrical tube, and finally cooled, cut and shaped to make the biological carrier of the present invention, the density of which is 0.93g/cm 3 . The biological carrier prepared in this example was tested for solid surface Zeta potential. The test results showed that when the electrolyte was neutral, the surface Zeta potential of the biological carrier was +22mV, indicating that the surface of the biological carrier was positively charged.
实施例2Example 2
取聚丙烯10千克、细度在100目以上的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺0.5千克、聚乙烯醇0.2千克、中性氧化铝0.2千克、滑石粉0.2千克以及三氧化二铁0.1千克,将上述原料加入混合机混合均匀;置于造粒机中在150℃的温度下加工成颗粒物;将此颗粒物加入到螺杆挤出机中,各段温度为130℃、140℃、150℃、130℃(机头),挤出制成圆柱形管材,最后经过冷却、切割定型制成本发明所述的生物载体,其密度为0.95g/cm3。将所制备的相同形状和数量的亲电型生物载体和聚丙烯生物载体分别投加到城市污水好氧生物处理系统中,采用快速排泥法,进行挂膜对比实验。实验结果表明:该亲电型生物载体挂膜所需时间比聚丙烯生物载体缩短了5-8天,说明本发明所制得的亲电型生物载体具有很好的挂膜性能。Take 10 kg of polypropylene, 0.5 kg of cationic polyacrylamide with a fineness above 100 mesh, 0.2 kg of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.2 kg of neutral alumina, 0.2 kg of talcum powder and 0.1 kg of ferric oxide, add the above raw materials and mix The machine is mixed evenly; placed in the granulator and processed into granules at a temperature of 150°C; the granules are added to the screw extruder, and the temperature of each section is 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 130°C (machine head) , extruded into a cylindrical tube, and finally cooled, cut and shaped to produce the biological carrier of the present invention, the density of which is 0.95g/cm 3 . The prepared electrophilic biological carrier and polypropylene biological carrier of the same shape and quantity were added to the urban sewage aerobic biological treatment system, and the rapid sludge discharge method was used to conduct a film-hanging comparison experiment. The experimental results show that the time required for the electrophilic biological carrier to form a film is 5-8 days shorter than that of the polypropylene biological carrier, which shows that the electrophilic biological carrier prepared by the present invention has good film-forming performance.
实施例3Example 3
取聚乙烯23千克、细度在100目以上的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺和聚苯胺各0.7千克、活性炭和硅藻土各1.3千克、滑石粉0.4千克以及三氧化二铁0.1千克,将上述原料加入混合机混合均匀;置于造粒机中在150℃的温度下加工成颗粒物;将此颗粒物加入到螺杆挤出机中,各段温度为130℃、140℃、150℃、130℃(机头),挤出制成圆柱形管材,最后经过冷却、切割定型制成本发明所述的生物载体,其密度为0.91g/cm3。对本实施例所制备的生物载体进行模拟城市污水的生物降解实验,实验结果表明:COD和氨氮的去除率均达到95%以上,说明了本发明所制备的亲电型生物载体具有很好的污水处理性能。Take 23 kg of polyethylene, 0.7 kg each of cationic polyacrylamide and polyaniline with a fineness above 100 mesh, 1.3 kg each of activated carbon and diatomaceous earth, 0.4 kg of talcum powder and 0.1 kg of ferric oxide, add the above raw materials and mix The machine is mixed evenly; placed in the granulator and processed into granules at a temperature of 150°C; the granules are added to the screw extruder, and the temperature of each section is 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 130°C (machine head) , extruded into a cylindrical tube, and finally cooled, cut and shaped to produce the biological carrier of the present invention, the density of which is 0.91g/cm 3 . The biological carrier prepared in this example was subjected to a biodegradation experiment simulating urban sewage, and the experimental results showed that the removal rates of COD and ammonia nitrogen all reached more than 95%, indicating that the electrophilic biological carrier prepared by the present invention has a good sewage Processing performance.
实施例4Example 4
取聚丙烯13千克、细度在100目以上的聚苯胺和阳离子淀粉各0.65千克、活性炭1.3千克、中性氧化铝0.5千克、铁粉0.6千克以及三氧化二铁0.2千克。将上述原料加入混合机混合均匀;置于造粒机中在150℃的温度下加工成颗粒物;将此颗粒物加入到螺杆挤出机中,各段温度为130℃、140℃、150℃、130℃(机头),挤出制成圆柱形管材,最后经过冷却、切割定型制成本发明所述的生物载体,经过密度测试实验得其密度为0.97g/cm3。对本实施例所制备的生物载体进行固体表面Zeta电位测试实验,测试结果为:电解液呈中性时,该生物载体表面的Zeta电位为+18mV。挂膜实验结果表明:该亲电型生物载体挂膜所需时间比聚丙烯生物载体缩短了5-8天。模拟城市污水生物降解实验表明:COD和氨氮的去除率均达到95%以上。Take 13 kg of polypropylene, 0.65 kg of polyaniline and cationic starch with a fineness above 100 mesh, 1.3 kg of activated carbon, 0.5 kg of neutral alumina, 0.6 kg of iron powder and 0.2 kg of ferric oxide. Put the above raw materials into the mixer and mix them evenly; place them in the granulator and process them into granules at a temperature of 150°C; put the granules into the screw extruder, and the temperature of each section is 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, 130°C °C (machine head), extruded into a cylindrical tube, and finally cooled, cut and shaped to make the biological carrier of the present invention, and the density was 0.97g/cm 3 through the density test experiment. The solid surface Zeta potential test experiment was carried out on the biological carrier prepared in this example, and the test result was: when the electrolyte was neutral, the Zeta potential on the surface of the biological carrier was +18mV. The results of the membrane-hanging experiment show that the time required for the electrophilic biological carrier to be membrane-mounted is 5-8 days shorter than that of the polypropylene biological carrier. The simulated urban sewage biodegradation experiments show that the removal rates of COD and ammonia nitrogen are both above 95%.
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