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CN1034190A - 含水溶性、非电离的疏水改性羟乙基纤维素的胶结组合物及其使用 - Google Patents

含水溶性、非电离的疏水改性羟乙基纤维素的胶结组合物及其使用 Download PDF

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CN1034190A
CN1034190A CN88108520A CN88108520A CN1034190A CN 1034190 A CN1034190 A CN 1034190A CN 88108520 A CN88108520 A CN 88108520A CN 88108520 A CN88108520 A CN 88108520A CN 1034190 A CN1034190 A CN 1034190A
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hmhec
water
hec
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威廉·J·柯克兰
卡尔·A·路卡赫
威廉·C·麦克拉克伦
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Aqualon Co
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/38Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • C04B24/383Cellulose or derivatives thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • C09K8/467Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
    • C09K8/487Fluid loss control additives; Additives for reducing or preventing circulation loss
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/46Water-loss or fluid-loss reducers, hygroscopic or hydrophilic agents, water retention agents

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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种由水硬性水泥和作为液体流 失剂的水溶性,非电离的疏水改性羟乙基纤维素组成 的胶结组合物,所述纤维素上至少具有1.5克分子羟 乙基M.S和取代具有与该纤维素相连的6-25个碳 原子的长链烷基改性剂,以及该组合物作为油井套管 水泥的应用。

Description

本发明涉及油井、气井和类似井中胶结套管用的胶结组合物,该胶结组合物含有与纤维素衍生物结合使用的水硬性水泥,该纤维素衍生物抑制液体从该胶结组合物的水浆中流失。
水硬性水泥用于填充钻井壁和油井或气井中套管外侧之间的管状空间,通常是采用通过套管向下抽吸水泥浆然后向上进入围绕该套管的管状空间,该水泥围绕套管形成一个护套,它支撑和保护着套管并且改善了回收油及气的环境。
用于油井和气井的水硬性水泥在井中时要承受较大的温度和压力范围,它与在大气条件下使用的水泥显著不同,美国石油学会(API)对八类油井水泥提供了详细说明,这八类油井水泥标志为A、B、C、D、E、F、G和H。这些水泥是由波特兰水泥和各种添加剂组成的。用于API所分类的水泥中的波特兰水泥基本上是由约40-60%硅酸三钙、15-30%B-硅酸二钙、8-12%铁铝酸四钙和3-8%铝酸三钙组成的,其硅酸三钙和硅酸二钙的总量约为75-80%,游离CaO和MgO分别保持在1.5%和5%以下,可用于这类井的其它类水泥是高铝水泥或火山灰水泥,D、K、Smith在Cementing.Ameriean    Institute    of    Mining.Metellurgical、and    Petroleum    Engineers、Inc、(1976)一书中描述了水泥和胶结。
在油井和气井的胶结中,当将含水水泥浆施放到多孔介质如地层附近时,在硬化过程中水从料浆渗出而进入地层,反而影响了凝固速率和凝固位置,削弱了物理特性,污染了周围的地层。为了防止这种渗出的水进入周围地层中,通常采用的方法是将控制液体流失的添加剂加入到水硬性水泥中,用于这类水泥的液体流失控制添加剂是纤维素衍生物如羟乙基纤维素醚(HEC)和美国专利3483007;4662943中描述的其它多糖。
尽管HEC和其它多糖提供了一定程度液体流失控制,但仍需要更有效的液体流失添加剂来取代这些物质以降低成本,而这些添加剂对胶结组合物或料浆的流变特性不会产生不利的影响。
按照本发明的胶结组合物是由水硬性水泥和作为液体流失控制添加剂的多糖组成的,其特征在于该多糖为一种水溶性的、非电离的疏水改性羟乙基纤维素(HMHEC),该纤维素上至少具有1.5克分子的羟乙基取代物(M·S)以及与该纤维素相连的6~25个碳原子的长链烷基改性剂,改性剂的量为改性HMHEC总量的0.2~4%。
本发明的胶结组合物(以水硬性水泥干基计)最好含有约0.1~2.0%的改性HMHEC,而且长链烷基改性剂由醚或酯键,最好是醚键连接到纤维素上。
而且,HMHEC最好具有1.5~4.0克分子的羟乙基取代物(M·S)(即平均每单位葡糖酐约含1.5~4.0克分子的羟乙基取代物),这比中等分子量低,例如环境温度下,在1%水溶液中Brookfield粘度为300~500(CPS)。
多糖添加剂最好是水溶性、非电离的HMHEC和水溶性、非电离的HEC两种物质的合成物。与HMHEC合成的HEC最好具有1.0~2.5克分子的羟乙基取代物(M·S),1.5~2.5克分子最好,要比中等分子量低,例如环境温度下,在5%水溶液中Brookfield粘度为25~250(CPS)。
按照本发明,通过在钻井壁和套管之间的管状空间中填入含胶结组合物的含水料浆将本发明的胶结组合物使用在油井套管水泥中。
用于本发明的纤维素衍生物聚合物为已知的水溶性聚合物。水溶性、非电离的(HEC)可以从市场上买到,也可以用普通的方法如在碱性介质中用环氧乙烷处理纤维素配料(例如木浆或化学棉)的方法制备得到。通常纤维素配料的聚合度(D·P)为300-2300。
本发明的水溶性、非电离的疏水改性羟乙基纤维素(HMHEC)从市场上可以买到,也可以传统地通过将6~25个碳原子,最好为8~18个碳原子的长链正-烷基疏水剂结合到HEC中来制备上述羟乙基纤维素。结合的疏水剂量(以全部取代的聚合物为基)为0.2~1.5%,最好为0.2~1.0%。用于本发明的水溶性HMHEC的组份和制备方法都是已知技术,例如可以从美国专利4228227和4352916中获得。
影响水泥料浆的因素包括水泥品种和所用的添加剂、井的温度、“泥浆柱”压力、水泥料浆的粘度和水份、泵抽吸或增稠时间、支持管道所要求的水泥强度、水的质量、料浆密度、水化热、凝固水泥的渗透性、过滤控制和耐孔下盐水的性能。本发明的HMHEC和HMHEC/HEC添加剂在与HEC大致相同的普通条件下使用。在浅井、中等井和深井中,特别是在中等深度的井中,温度约为140°下~225°下时可得到很好的液体流失特性,比用HEC得到的液体流失特性好,胶结组合物和料浆具体描述如下:
本发明的胶结组合物可以包括任何已知的水硬性水泥,它最好含有以API的A~H类水硬性水泥为基的波特兰水泥。液体流失添加剂或添加剂即HMHEC或HMHEC/HEC的合成物的使用量(以水硬性水泥的干基重量计)为0.1~2.0%,最好为0.3~0.5%。
该胶结组合物可用于钻井操作中常常遇到的各类水中,即可用于淡水和自来水、天然的和合成的海水、天然的和合成的盐水中。当在陆地上钻井时最普遍的水源是江河、湖泊和溪流,当在海洋上钻井时则为海水。含水的水硬性钻井水泥浆中通常含有(以干基水硬性水泥计)约40%~100%的水。
将水硬性水泥和液体流失剂干混成胶结组合物,然后再加入水中,也可以直接加入水。同样地,当使用结合物时,在将HEC和HMHEC加入胶结组合物或含水水硬性水泥料浆之前先干混,也可以将它们分别地加到胶结组合物或含水硬性水泥料浆中。当HEC和HMHEC结合使用时,则无任上述哪一种情况,均能使它们存在其中,其含量(以HEC和HMHEC总量为基)为1-99%最好为15~85%,尤以30~70%为最佳。
本发明还可将其它多糖和合成的聚合物与HMHEC或HMHEC和HEC结合起来使用。典型的例子为羧甲基纤维素、羟基丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、甲基羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基羟乙基纤维素(CMHEC)、羟基丙基甲基纤维素、乙基羟乙基纤维素、瓜耳胶、羟基丙基瓜耳胶、羧甲基瓜耳胶、黄原酸和丙烯酰胺共聚物。加入这些物质可以改性,其中之一就是改变流变性和液体流失特性。
通常用于油井套管水泥的其它添加剂也可以应用于本发明,它们包括(a)水泥加速剂如氯化钙、氯化钠和硅酸钠,(b)轻质添加剂(用于降低料浆的重量)如膨润土、硅藻土、天然碳氢化合物如一种天然沥青、煤、膨胀珍珠岩、氮、粉煤灰和硅酸钠,(c)重质添加剂如赤铁矿、钛铁矿(氧化铁-氧化钛)、重晶石、砂子和盐,(d)水泥滞凝剂如木质素(木素磺酸盐)、树胶、淀粉、弱有机酸,和纤维素衍生物如CMHEC,(e)控制循环流失添加剂如一种天然沥青、珍珠岩,核桃壳、煤、玻璃纸和尼龙,(f)水泥分散剂或摩擦削减剂,包括聚合物、液体流失剂和盐(NaCl),(g)泥浆净化剂如多聚甲醛和铬酸钠,(h)二氧化硅粉,(i)放射性示踪物,(j)指示染料(k)肼,(l)合成纤维材料和(m)以上提到的D.K.Smith在Cementing书中提到的石膏。
本发明可以用下面的实施例来阐述。如果没有注明,其所有成分、百分数等均以重量计。
实施例
本实施例中所用的聚合物列于下面表1中:
表1-聚合物
聚合物 H·E·M·S1疏水物 粘度
长度 数量2(CPS)
HEC1 2.5 - - 553
HEC2 2.8 - - 903
HEC3 2.5 - - 983
HEC4 2.5 - - 763
HMHEC1 3.13 C-1640.5654406
HMHEC2 3.29 C-1640.6553606
1.羟乙基克分子取代物,
2.重量百分率,以HMHEC总重量为基,
3.在环境温度、5%水溶液中测定的Brookfield粘度,
4.16个碳原子正-烷基基团,
5.C16(十六烷基)的重量%,以聚合物的总重量为基,
6.在环境温度下,1%水溶液中测定的Brookfield粘度。
按照美国石油学会(API)在“API    Specification    for    Materials    and    Testing    for    Well    Cements”,API    Spec    10,1st    Edition,January    1982中描述的方法进行测试(除了液体流失测试中在筛上使用过滤纸以外)。
原料
下面的组份是在本实施例水泥中使用的:
1.API的H类水泥,含有:
50%硅酸三钙 (3CaO·SiO2
30%硅酸二钙 (2CaO·SiO2
5%铝酸三钙 (3CaO·Al2O3
12%铁铝酸四钙 (4CaO·Al2Fe2O3
-其特性如下:
比重(平均值)    3.15gm/cm
表面积(范围) 1400~1700cm2/g
总容积 1.06×10-2ft3/1b
绝对容积 3.81×10-2gal/1b
2.蒸馏水
3.Lomar    D,浓缩的萘基磺酸钠粉(Diamond    Shamrock出售),其特性如下:
显比重 42/1bs/ft3
PH(75℃下的10%溶液)    9.3
活度(活性剂的量)    84%
杂质
Na2SO411%
水份    5%
4.水溶性聚合物:示于上述表1中。
仪器设备
1.N、L、Baroid    387滤压机(Baroid滤压机):
操作压力    0~2500    PSig
操作温度    0~350°F
压腔容量    175ml
动力消耗(加热室)    400瓦(115VAC)
结构材料    不锈钢
筛    325目支撑在60目上
滤纸(在筛上)    Baroid    Catalog    No、988
2.Chandler高温,高压稠度计,型号No7-1-15(Chandler稠度计):
操作压力    0~25000    PSig
操作温度    0~400°F
动力消耗(加热室)    4000瓦(240VAC)
3.Chandler工程定速混合器,型号No、30060-5(Chandler混合器)
料浆的制备过程
将予先混合好的干燥的水泥,聚合物和Lomar    D混合料加入到适量的蒸馏水(水泥重量的42%)中,在Chandler混合器上以4000转/分的转速搅拌15秒钟以上,然后将形成的料浆在Chandler搅拌器上以12000转/分的转速混合35秒钟。
液体流失测试
填充时,将按照前面所述的方法制备好的料浆倒入予先润滑(硅喷洒)的稠度计杯中,直到达到标定线为止,然后将电位差计置于杯子的顶部,将杯子置于Chandler稠度计中,根据API温度上升表进行加热,每分钟升温2°F,每2分钟测一次温度。
当将稠度计加热到最后的测试温度时,将加热了的料浆填充倒入予热的Baroid滤压机(筛上有滤纸)的液体压腔中,将压力线与压腔连接,打开上、下压腔阀,开始液体流失试测。用量筒收集滤液,在30秒、1、2、5、10、15、20、25、30分钟时计录滤液量。一旦压力突然增高,开始折断下部杆阀就停止测试,以此时间作为脱水时间。另外,允许进行30分钟的测试。
用下列方程式计算最后液体流失值:
Q30=Qt×10.954∥t
其中:Q30:30分钟的滤液量(作为最终液体流失)
Qt:时间t时的滤液量
t:实验终止时的时间(以分钟计)
(这个值为30分钟,除非发生脱水,这种情况下为脱水时间)
增稠时间测试
将按照上述方法制得的料浆倒入予先润滑(硅润滑)的杯中,该杯子是密闭的,保证其中没有气阱,放好装置(Chandler)稠度计,根据API的规定选择其压力和温度梯度,加热开始,在升温阶段每2分钟测定温度、压力和稠度(交流电压)一次,以后每10分钟测定一次。直到达到较高温度(表2中列出了测定温度,见后)和交流电压的指示值达到与100Bearden    Units(BC)一致时,完成测定操作。
游离水测试
将按照上述方法制得的料浆倒入予先润滑(硅润滑)的杯子中,该杯子是密闭的,保证其中无气阱,备好装置(带刻度的园筒),按照API的规定选择压力和温度梯度,把料浆加热到最终料浆温度(列于表2中的测试温度,见后)后,将料浆倒入带刻度的园筒中,放置2小时,记录位于水泥柱顶部的水量,以此作为水泥料浆的游离水。
附注:
a.使用浓度:0.325%聚合物,0.325%Lomar    D,和42%的水(以水泥的重量计)
b.室温下测定,
c.达到100BC的时间
d.液体流失测试期间,由于凝固而人为降低的液体流失。
以上的数据表明HMHEC无论是单独(试样7)还是与HEC结合ㄊ匝?~6)时,在浅井、中等井和深井(API用温度限定井;浅井:140°F;中等井:140~200°F;深井:200°F)中均提供了液体流失控制。另外,数据表明无论是单独使用HMHEC,还是与HEC结合使用,均比单独使用HEC(试样1~3)时具有较好的液体流失特性。
以上数据表明具有HMHEC(试样7)的水泥原始稠度比HEC(试样1~3)要高。通常允许的稠度范围(根据水泥的抽吸力)为5~30Bearden    units(BC),最好为10~12BC。HMHEC(试样7)的原始稠度允许在28BC,但是,混合使用HMHEC/HEC(试样4~6)表明,它们的原始稠度比单独使用HMHEC好。
使用HMHEC(试样7)的游离水值比使用HEC(试样1~3)或使用HEC/HMHEC混合物(试样4~6)好。

Claims (12)

1、由水硬性水泥和作为液体流失控制添加剂的多糖组成的胶结组合物,其特征在于:多糖是一种水溶性、非电离疏水改性羟乙基纤维素(HMHEC),它至少具有1.5克分子的羟乙基M·S取代物和具有与该纤维素相连的6~25个碳原子的长链烷基改性剂,该改性剂的量为HMHEC总量的0.2~4.0%。
2、根据权利要求1的胶结组合物,其特征在于:改性剂的量为HMHEC的0.1~2.0%(以干基水硬性水泥计)。
3、根据权利要求1或2的胶结组合物,其特征在于:长链烷基改性剂通过醚或酯键与纤维素连接。
4、根据权利要求1、2或3的胶结组合物,其特征在于,长链烷基改性剂是具有8~18个碳原子的正-烷基基团。
5、根据以上权利要求中任一权利要求的胶结组合物,其特征在于:HMHEC至少具有1.5~4.0克分子羟乙基取代物。
6、根据以上权利要求中任一权利要求的胶结组合物,其特征在于:HMHEC在环境温度下、1%水溶液中的Brookfield粘度为300~500CPS。
7、根据以上权利要求中任一权利要求的胶结组合物,其特征在于:多糖添加剂是水溶性、非电离HMHEC和水溶性、非电离HEC两种物质的结合物。
8、根据权利要求7的胶结组合物,其特征在于,HEC具有1.0~2.5羟乙基M.S克分子取代物,在环境温度下,5%水溶液中的Brcokfield粘度为25~250CPS。
9、根据权利要求8的胶结组合物,其特征在于:HEC具有1.5~2.5个羟乙基克分子M.S取代物。
10、根据权利要求7、8或9的胶结组合物,其特征在于,多糖添加剂含有30~70%HMHEC和70~30%HEC(以HMHEC和HEC的干基总重量计)。
11、通过将胶结组合物的料浆填入到钻井壁和套管间的管状空间中将以上任一权利要求中的胶结组合物应用在油井套管水泥中。
12、权利要求7、8或9中所述的水溶性,非电离的多糖在无水硬性水泥存在时的结合物是由水溶性、非电离HMHEC和HEC的混合物组成的。
CN88108520A 1987-10-30 1988-10-29 含水溶性、非电离的疏水改性羟乙基纤维素的胶结组合物及其使用 Pending CN1034190A (zh)

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