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CN103413957B - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

Fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103413957B
CN103413957B CN201310376324.0A CN201310376324A CN103413957B CN 103413957 B CN103413957 B CN 103413957B CN 201310376324 A CN201310376324 A CN 201310376324A CN 103413957 B CN103413957 B CN 103413957B
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China
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
reaction gas
communicated
buffer unit
admission line
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CN201310376324.0A
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CN103413957A (en
Inventor
殷聪
汤浩
高建龙
陶诗涌
张伟明
高�玉
练勇
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Dongfang Electric Chengdu Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Co ltd
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Dongfang Electric Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of fuel cell system, comprise fuel cell pack and at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanisms, at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanisms are arranged independently of one another, fuel cell pack has the air inlet be communicated with at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanism one_to_one corresponding, every group reaction gas feeding mechanism comprises: admission line, and the first end of admission line is communicated with air inlet; Air supply source, air supply source is communicated with the second end of admission line; Buffer unit, buffer unit is communicated with admission line.Owing to being provided with buffer unit, thus the reaction gas part passed in admission line by air supply source can enter fuel cell pack inside by air inlet and participate in reaction, and another part can be stored in buffer unit, when there is the instantaneous under-supply situation of reaction gas by load effect in fuel cell pack, the reaction gas be in buffer unit can add to reaction gas depletion region, participating in power supply reaction directly, thus avoiding reaction gas to exhaust, extend the useful life of fuel cell pack.

Description

Fuel cell system
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fuel cell technology, more specifically, relate to a kind of fuel cell system.
Background technology
Fuel cell is a kind of environmental friendliness, efficient, long-life Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT).For Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), reaction gas enters from anode-side, and hydrogen atom loses electronics at anode and becomes proton, and proton arrives negative electrode through proton exchange membrane, also arrive negative electrode via external circuit during electron synchrotron, generate water in negative electrode proton, electronics and combination with oxygen.Fuel cell adopts on-fuel mode to be electric energy by chemical energy, due to not by Carnot cycle limit its direct generation of electricity efficiency can up to 45%.Take fuel cell pack as core Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), the modules such as fuel cell system is integrated with power management, heat management, have the feature of heat, electricity, water, gas overall management.Fuel cell system product from fixed power station, to portable power supply; From electric automobile, to spaceship; From military hardware, to have a wide range of applications space to the product for civilian use.
As shown in Figure 1, fuel cell system of the prior art comprises fuel cell pack 10 ' and reaction gas feeding mechanism 20 ', and reaction gas feeding mechanism comprises admission line and air supply source 21 ', and air supply source 21 ' is communicated with fuel cell pack by admission line.As shown in Figure 2, in occasions such as parallel network reverse, ac converter outputs, the power due to load has certain frequency pulsation, thus needs to be coupled to fuel cell pack by power inverter.The current ripples of power inverter has a certain impact to fuel cell, the high-frequency current ripple of power inverter can not threaten to the security of operation of fuel cell pack, but some low-frequency current ripples, as working frequency ripple wave etc. can threaten to the security of operation of fuel cell pack.When electric current is in valley, reaction gas enough and to spare and waste can be caused; And when current peak is in peak value, then reaction gas can be caused under-supply, even in regional area forming reactions gas depletion region, thus cause the membrane electrode life time decay of fuel cell, seriously reduce performance and the durability of fuel cell pack.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of fuel cell system, causes the instantaneous under-supply problem of reaction gas to solve in prior art due to load effect.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of fuel cell system, comprise fuel cell pack and at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanisms, at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanisms are arranged independently of one another, fuel cell pack has the air inlet be communicated with at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanism one_to_one corresponding, every group reaction gas feeding mechanism comprises: admission line, and the first end of admission line is communicated with air inlet; Air supply source, air supply source is communicated with the second end of admission line; Buffer unit, buffer unit is communicated with admission line.
Further, buffer unit is buffer memory bottle, and the bottleneck of buffer memory bottle is communicated with admission line.
Further, buffer unit is buffer memory pipeline, and air inlet is communicated with admission line by buffer memory pipeline, and the cross-sectional area of buffer memory pipeline is greater than the cross-sectional area of admission line.
Further, every group reaction gas feeding mechanism also comprises humidifier, and admission line is communicated with buffer unit by humidifier.
Further, the buffer unit of every group reaction gas feeding mechanism is two, two buffer units are communicated with the two ends one_to_one corresponding of humidifier, and another buffer unit in a buffer unit in air supply source, two buffer units, humidifier, two buffer units is communicated with successively with the air inlet of fuel cell pack.
Further, fuel cell system also comprises at least two back pressure apparatus, and fuel cell pack has the gas outlet be communicated with back pressure apparatus one_to_one corresponding.
Further, back pressure apparatus is pressure-reducing valve.
Further, the group number of at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanisms is two groups, and the air supply source of a group reaction gas feeding mechanism is hydrogen cylinder, and the air supply source of another group reaction gas feeding mechanism is air pump.
Reaction gas feeding mechanism in the present invention comprises admission line, air supply source and buffer unit, and air supply source is communicated with the air inlet of fuel cell pack by admission line, and buffer unit is communicated with admission line.Owing to being provided with buffer unit, thus the reaction gas part passed in admission line by air supply source can enter fuel cell pack inside by air inlet and participate in reaction, and another part can be stored in buffer unit, when there is the instantaneous under-supply situation of reaction gas by load effect in fuel cell pack, the reaction gas be in buffer unit can add to reaction gas depletion region, participate in power supply reaction directly, thus the security of operation avoided reaction gas to exhaust, extend the useful life of fuel cell pack, ensure that fuel cell pack.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The accompanying drawing forming a application's part is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the flow chart of fuel cell system of the prior art;
Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the current ripple schematic diagram of fuel battery power converter of the prior art;
Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates the flow chart of the fuel cell system in first embodiment in the present invention;
Fig. 4 diagrammatically illustrates the flow chart of the fuel cell system in second embodiment in the present invention;
Fig. 5 diagrammatically illustrates the flow chart of the fuel cell system in the 3rd embodiment in the present invention;
Fig. 6 diagrammatically illustrates the flow chart of the fuel cell system in the 4th embodiment in the present invention;
Fig. 7 diagrammatically illustrates the flow chart of the fuel cell system in the 5th embodiment in the present invention; And
Fig. 8 diagrammatically illustrates the flow chart of the fuel cell system in the 6th embodiment in the present invention.
Reference numeral in figure: 10, fuel cell pack; 20, reaction gas feeding mechanism; 21, air supply source; 22, buffer unit; 23, humidifier; 30, back pressure apparatus; 10 ', fuel cell pack; 21 ', air supply source.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in detail, but the multitude of different ways that the present invention can be defined by the claims and cover is implemented.
The invention provides a kind of fuel cell system.As shown in Figures 3 to 8, fuel cell system comprises fuel cell pack 10 and at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanisms 20, at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanisms 20 are arranged independently of one another, fuel cell pack 10 has the air inlet be communicated with at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanism 20 one_to_one corresponding, every group reaction gas feeding mechanism 20 comprises: admission line, and the first end of admission line is communicated with air inlet; Air supply source 21, air supply source 21 is communicated with the second end of admission line; Buffer unit 22, buffer unit 22 is communicated with admission line.Owing to being provided with buffer unit 22, thus the reaction gas part passed in admission line by air supply source 21 can enter fuel cell pack inside by air inlet and participate in reaction, and another part can be stored in buffer unit 22, when there is the instantaneous under-supply situation of reaction gas by load effect in fuel cell pack, the reaction gas be in buffer unit 22 can add to reaction gas depletion region, participate in power supply reaction directly, thus the security of operation avoided reaction gas to exhaust, extend the useful life of fuel cell pack, ensure that fuel cell pack.
Preferably, buffer unit 22 is buffer memory bottle, and the bottleneck of buffer memory bottle is communicated with admission line.Because reaction gas can be full of whole space, thus buffer memory bottle is communicated with admission line and partial reaction gas can be made to renew in buffer memory bottle, (namely increase the gas-storing capacity of pipeline), when in fuel cell pack 10 reaction gas occur instantaneous exhaust situation time, the reaction gas be in buffer memory bottle can add to rapidly reaction gas depletion region, participate in power supply reaction directly, thus ensure the normal operation of fuel cell pack 10, improve the reliability of power supply.
Certainly, can also by increasing the method for the cross-sectional area of admission line, increase the air capacity of admission line, thus ensure when fuel cell pack 10 internal-response gas is instantaneous exhaust time, reaction gas in admission line can add to reaction gas depletion region in time, and then ensures that fuel cell pack 10 normally runs.
Preferably, buffer unit 22 is buffer memory pipeline, and air inlet is communicated with admission line by buffer memory pipeline, and the cross-sectional area of buffer memory pipeline is greater than the cross-sectional area of admission line.Cross-sectional area due to buffer memory pipeline is greater than the cross-sectional area of admission line, thus the air capacity adding admission line is equivalent to, when reaction gas flow is in admission line, part reaction gas enters the inside of fuel cell pack 10 through the air inlet of fuel cell pack 10, another reaction gas renews in buffer memory pipeline, thus reaction gas in fuel cell pack 10 occurs instantaneous when exhausting situation, the reaction gas be in buffer memory pipeline is made to add to rapidly reaction gas depletion region, participate in power supply reaction directly, thus ensure the normal operation of fuel cell pack 10.
In embodiment as shown in Figures 3 to 8, the group number of at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanisms 20 is two groups, and the air supply source 21 of a group reaction gas feeding mechanism 20 is hydrogen cylinder, and the air supply source 21 of another group reaction gas feeding mechanism 20 is air pump.Preferably, reaction gas comprises hydrogen and hydrogen reduction gas.Further, hydrogen reduction gas is oxygen or air.The anode that hydrogen cylinder provides hydrogen to be supplied to fuel cell pack 10 as fuel gas reacts, and air pump is inner by the air suction fuel cell pack 10 in the external world, and the negative electrode being supplied to fuel cell pack 10 as oxidant reacts.
In first embodiment as shown in Figure 3, every group reaction gas feeding mechanism 20 is provided with a buffer unit 22, the air capacity of buffer unit 22 is calculated by the area (average of hatched area) of the current peak in Fig. 2, and concrete calculating please refer to formula (1):
V = RT P × ∫ Idt nF - - - ( 1 )
Wherein, R is ideal response gaseity equation constant, and T is temperature, and P is pressure, and ∫ Idt is Fig. 2 hatched area and current peak area, and n is electron number, and F is Faraday constant.
In a specific embodiment, for the fuel cell pack 10 of 3kW, under working in working frequency ripple wave condition, setting up a volume at the fuel air mouth place of fuel cell pack 10 is that the buffer unit 22 of 50 milliliters is for renewing fuel, setting up a volume at the oxidant feed gas mouth place of fuel cell pack 10 is that the buffer unit 22 of 100 milliliters is for renewing oxidant, thus effectively improve the output stability of fuel cell pack 10, extend the life-span of fuel cell pack 10.
In another specific embodiment, the admission line that the admission line being 0.5 inch by the original diameter in fuel air mouth place expands to one section of 15 centimeter length, diameter is 1 inch; The admission line being 0.75 inch by original for oxidant inlet diameter expands to the admission line of 1.25 inches of one section of 20 centimeter length, thus effectively improves the output stability of fuel cell pack 10, extends the life-span of fuel cell pack 10.
In second embodiment as shown in Figure 4, every group reaction gas feeding mechanism 20 also comprises humidifier 23, and admission line is communicated with buffer unit 22 by humidifier 23.Owing to being provided with humidifier 23, thus the reaction gas provided by air supply source 21 needed to carry out adding wet process through humidifier 23 before entering fuel cell pack 10 inside, thus improve the relative humidity of reaction gas, the relative humidity of the reaction gas of fuel cell pack 10 inside is made to remain on higher level, and then improve the conductivity of proton exchange membrane of fuel cell pack inside, improve the generating efficiency of fuel cell pack 10.In this embodiment, a certain amount of reaction gas crossed through humidifier 23 humidification can be stored in buffer unit 22, when reaction gas depletion region appears in electric current output appearance fluctuation, fuel cell pack 10 inside, the reaction gas renewed in buffer unit 22 can enoughly be supplied to fuel cell pack 10 to react.It is to be noted, however, that buffer unit 22 needs to keep certain temperature in the present embodiment, be generally not less than the working temperature of humidifier 23, the reaction gas crossed to prevent humidification condensation in buffer unit 22.Staff can method carries out isothermal holding to buffer unit 22 by heat tape, heat-insulating material be coated etc.
In the 3rd embodiment as shown in Figure 5, the buffer unit 22 of every group reaction gas feeding mechanism 20 is two, two buffer units 22 are communicated with the two ends one_to_one corresponding of humidifier 23, and another buffer unit 22 in a buffer unit 22 in air supply source 21, two buffer units 22, humidifier 23, two buffer units 22 is communicated with successively with the air inlet of fuel cell pack 10.Owing to being provided with buffer unit 22 at the two ends of humidifier 23, thus the air capacity of humidifier 23 prime is increased, partial reaction gas is made temporarily to renew in the buffer unit 22 of humidifier 23 prime, and increase the air capacity of humidifier 23 rear class, make the reaction gas after partial humidification process can renew in the buffer unit 22 of humidifier 23 rear class, when reaction gas depletion region appears in electric current output appearance fluctuation, fuel cell pack 10 inside, the reaction gas renewed in former and later two buffer units 22 can enoughly be supplied to fuel cell pack 10 to react.It should be noted that the buffer unit 22 being positioned at humidifier 23 rear class in the present embodiment needs to keep certain temperature, be generally not less than the working temperature of humidifier 23, the reaction gas crossed to prevent humidification condensation in buffer unit 22.Staff can method carries out isothermal holding to buffer unit 22 by heat tape, heat-insulating material be coated etc.And the buffer unit 22 being in humidifier 23 prime does not need to carry out isothermal holding.
In the 4th embodiment as shown in Figure 6, fuel cell system also comprises at least two back pressure apparatus 30, and fuel cell pack 10 has the gas outlet be communicated with back pressure apparatus 30 one_to_one corresponding.Owing to being provided with back pressure apparatus 30, thus the pressure of the reaction gas of fuel cell pack 10 inside can be improved, thus make fuel cell pack 10 inside can store the reaction gas with more molal quantitys, and then can ensure that when current peak fuel cell pack 10 inside can provide enough reaction gases to participate in power supply reaction, to ensure fuel cell pack 10 stable operation.Preferably, back pressure apparatus 30 is pressure-reducing valve.Certainly, back pressure apparatus 30 can also be counterbalance valve or other can improve the back pressure apparatus of the port of export tail gas pressure of fuel cell pack 10.
In the 5th embodiment as shown in Figure 7, in fuel cell system, buffer unit 22 is not set, and only the port of export of fuel cell pack 10 is provided with the back pressure apparatus 30 that be communicated with corresponding to the gas outlet of fuel cell pack 10.The pressure of the reaction gas of fuel cell pack 10 inside can be improved due to back pressure apparatus 30, make fuel cell pack 10 inside can store the reaction gas with more molal quantitys, thus can ensure that fuel cell pack 10 inside can have enough reaction gases to participate in power supply reaction when electric current is in peak value, ensure that the operation stability of fuel cell pack 10.
The 6th embodiment as shown in Figure 8 sets up back pressure apparatus 30 in the rear class of fuel cell pack 10 on the basis of the embodiment of the 3rd shown in Fig. 5, in order to improve the supply of the reaction gas of reaction gas further, thus ensure that fuel cell system is when low-frequency current output ripple situation occurs, enough reaction gases still can be had to participate in power supply reaction, ensure that the operation stability of fuel cell pack 10, the life-span extending fuel cell pack 10, the performance that improve fuel cell pack 10 and durability.
The present invention is by the outer setting buffer unit 22 of fuel cell pack 10 and/or back pressure apparatus 30, thus solve the under-supply problem of reaction gas that fuel cell pack 10 occurs when current fluctuation, thus improve performance and the durability of fuel cell pack 10.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a fuel cell system, comprise fuel cell pack (10) and at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanisms (20), described at least two groups, reaction gas feeding mechanism (20) is arranged independently of one another, described fuel cell pack (10) has the air inlet be communicated with described at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanism (20) one_to_one corresponding, it is characterized in that, often organize described reaction gas feeding mechanism (20) and comprising:
Admission line, the first end of described admission line is communicated with described air inlet;
Air supply source (21), described air supply source (21) is communicated with the second end of described admission line;
Buffer unit (22), described buffer unit (22) is communicated with described admission line.
2. fuel cell system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described buffer unit (22) is buffer memory bottle, and the bottleneck of described buffer memory bottle is communicated with described admission line.
3. fuel cell system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described buffer unit (22) is buffer memory pipeline, and described air inlet is communicated with described admission line by described buffer memory pipeline, and the cross-sectional area of described buffer memory pipeline is greater than the cross-sectional area of described admission line.
4. fuel cell system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, often organize described reaction gas feeding mechanism (20) and also comprise humidifier (23), described admission line is communicated with described buffer unit (22) by described humidifier (23).
5. fuel cell system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described buffer unit (22) often organizing described reaction gas feeding mechanism (20) is two, two described buffer units (22) are communicated with the two ends one_to_one corresponding of described humidifier (23), and another buffer unit (22) in a buffer unit (22) in described air supply source (21), described two buffer units (22), described humidifier (23), described two buffer units (22) is communicated with successively with the described air inlet of described fuel cell pack (10).
6. fuel cell system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fuel cell system also comprises at least two back pressure apparatus (30), and described fuel cell pack (10) has the gas outlet be communicated with described back pressure apparatus (30) one_to_one corresponding.
7. fuel cell system according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described back pressure apparatus (30) is pressure-reducing valve.
8. fuel cell system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the group number of described at least two group reaction gas feeding mechanisms (20) is two groups, described in one group, the described air supply source (21) of reaction gas feeding mechanism (20) is hydrogen cylinder, and another described air supply source (21) organizing described reaction gas feeding mechanism (20) is air pump.
CN201310376324.0A 2013-08-26 2013-08-26 Fuel cell system Active CN103413957B (en)

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CN104269571B (en) * 2014-10-20 2017-05-10 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Fuel cell power system
CN104916860B (en) * 2015-04-23 2017-06-23 常州联德电子有限公司 A kind of pile group tandem arrangement based on outer air flow chamber SOFC
CN105161739B (en) * 2015-06-30 2017-08-01 中国东方电气集团有限公司 Fuel-cell device
CN112820902B (en) * 2020-12-31 2022-04-29 华中科技大学 Zero gas discharge system applied to hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell

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