CN103411359B - Adjustable double-acting traveling wave thermoacoustic system - Google Patents
Adjustable double-acting traveling wave thermoacoustic system Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可调式双作用行波热声系统，其由双作用行波热声系统和至少一个调节器件组成，调节器件安装在双作用行波热声系统的压缩机与热声转换部件之间的连接管道上；调节器件为阀门、惯性管、气库或其组合；双作用行波热声系统为单级双作用行波热声系统和多级双作用行波热声系统；本发明可在行波热声系统各单元间出现性能不一致和系统失稳时，调节器件可以调节流经此处的功流损耗、体积流率、相位关系等，从而保持各单元间工作性能的一致性。
The invention relates to an adjustable double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system, which is composed of a double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system and at least one adjusting device, and the adjusting device is installed in a compressor and a thermoacoustic conversion part of the double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system The connecting pipe between them; the regulating device is a valve, an inertia tube, an air reservoir or a combination thereof; the double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system is a single-stage double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system and a multi-stage double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system; The invention can adjust the power current loss, volume flow rate, phase relationship, etc. flowing through the unit when the performance inconsistency and system instability occur among the units of the traveling wave thermoacoustic system, so as to maintain the consistency of the working performance among the units sex.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及能源动力以及低温制冷技术中的双作用行波热声系统，特别涉及一种可调式双作用行波热声系统。The invention relates to a double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system in energy power and low-temperature refrigeration technology, in particular to an adjustable double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system.
背景技术Background technique
双作用热声系统是最近提出来的一种新型的能量转换装置，它可以利用热能在其回热器内建立温度梯度，产生自激振荡的压力波，压力波推动发电机向外输出电能，这种结构称为双作用热声发动机；也可以利用电能通过压缩机产生压力波，压力波在回热器内进行热量搬运，获得制冷效果，这种结构称为双作用热声制冷机。相比于传统的热声系统，双作用热声系统效率更高，结构更加紧凑，更加接近于实际应用。The double-acting thermoacoustic system is a new type of energy conversion device recently proposed. It can use thermal energy to establish a temperature gradient in its regenerator to generate self-oscillating pressure waves. The pressure waves push the generator to output electric energy. This structure is called a double-acting thermoacoustic engine; electric energy can also be used to generate pressure waves through the compressor, and the pressure waves carry out heat transfer in the regenerator to obtain cooling effects. This structure is called a double-acting thermoacoustic refrigerator. Compared with traditional thermoacoustic systems, double-acting thermoacoustic systems are more efficient, more compact, and closer to practical applications.
双作用热声制冷系统目前存在一个比较重要的技术障碍：当温度降低到一定的值，回热器内的温度梯度较大时，制冷机系统会产生自激震荡；自激震荡通常会使制冷机系统出现两个工作频率，同时阻止冷头温度的进一步降低，从而使制冷机性能严重恶化，甚至无法获得所需的制冷温度。At present, there is an important technical obstacle in the double-acting thermoacoustic refrigeration system: when the temperature drops to a certain value and the temperature gradient in the regenerator is large, the refrigerator system will produce self-excited oscillations; self-excited oscillations usually cause refrigeration Two operating frequencies appear in the chiller system, and at the same time prevent the further reduction of the cold head temperature, so that the performance of the chiller is seriously deteriorated, and even the required cooling temperature cannot be obtained.
在双作用热声发动机系统中，不同的压缩机之间以及不同的热声转换部件之间由于加工和装配上的细微差异，使得压缩机之间的性能存在差异，热声转换器之间的性能也存在差异，并且这种差异在双作用热声发动机系统环路中通过反馈被放大，因此在实际的热声发动机系统中当回热器内的温度梯度较高时，发动机系统也常常会出现不能稳定工作的状况。In a double-acting thermoacoustic engine system, due to subtle differences in processing and assembly between different compressors and different thermoacoustic conversion components, there are differences in the performance of the compressors, and the performance of the thermoacoustic converters is different. There is also a difference in performance, and this difference is amplified by feedback in the double-acting thermoacoustic engine system loop, so in a real thermoacoustic engine system when the temperature gradient in the regenerator is high, the engine system will often There is a situation where you cannot work stably.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的在于提供一种可调式双作用行波热声系统，可以克服现有技术中的双作用制冷机中的自激震荡问题和双作用热声发动机中不一致性问题缺陷，能够使双作用热声系统中的压缩机及热声转换部件一致稳定地运行。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an adjustable double-acting traveling wave thermoacoustic system, which can overcome the self-excited oscillation problem in the double-acting refrigerator and the defect of inconsistency in the double-acting thermoacoustic engine in the prior art, and can make the double-acting The compressor and thermoacoustic conversion components in the thermoacoustic system operate consistently and stably.
本发明的技术方案如下：Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
本发明提供的可调式双作用行波热声系统，其由双作用行波热声系统和至少一个调节器件组成，所述调节器件安装在双作用行波热声系统的压缩机与热声转换部件之间的连接管道上。The adjustable double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system provided by the present invention is composed of a double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system and at least one adjusting device. Connecting pipes between components.
所述调节器件为阀门、惯性管、气库或其组合。The regulating device is a valve, an inertia tube, an air reservoir or a combination thereof.
所述的双作用行波热声系统为双作用热声发动机系统、双作用热声制冷系统或双作用热泵系统。The double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system is a double-acting thermoacoustic engine system, a double-acting thermoacoustic refrigeration system or a double-acting heat pump system.
所述的双作用热声发动机系统为单级双作用热声发动机系统或多级双作用热声发动机系统。所述双作用热声制冷系统为单级双作用热声制冷系统或多级双作用热声制冷系统。所述的双作用热泵系统为单级双作用热泵系统或多级双作用热泵系统。The double-acting thermoacoustic engine system is a single-stage double-acting thermoacoustic engine system or a multi-stage double-acting thermoacoustic engine system. The double-acting thermoacoustic cooling system is a single-stage double-acting thermoacoustic cooling system or a multi-stage double-acting thermoacoustic cooling system. The double-acting heat pump system is a single-stage double-acting heat pump system or a multi-stage double-acting heat pump system.
本发明提供的双作用行波热声系统的特点在于：在行波热声系统各单元间出现性能不一致和系统失稳时，调节器件可以调节流经此处的功流损耗、体积流率、相位关系等，从而保持各单元间工作性能的一致性。The feature of the double-acting traveling wave thermoacoustic system provided by the present invention is that when performance inconsistency and system instability occur among the units of the traveling wave thermoacoustic system, the regulating device can adjust the power loss, volume flow rate, Phase relationship, etc., so as to maintain the consistency of the working performance of each unit.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的可调式双作用行波热声系统中的可调式双作用（单级）行波热声制冷机（实施例1）的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustable double-acting (single-stage) traveling-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator (Example 1) in the adjustable double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system of the present invention;
图2为本发明的可调式双作用行波热声系统中的可调式双作用（单级）行波热声发动机（实施例2）的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an adjustable double-acting (single-stage) traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine (embodiment 2) in the adjustable double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system of the present invention;
图3为本发明的可调式双作用行波热声系统中的可调式双作用（两级）行波热声制冷机（实施例3）的结构示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustable double-acting (two-stage) traveling-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator (embodiment 3) in the adjustable double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system of the present invention.
其中：直线电机1 热声转换部件2 阀门31Among them: linear motor 1 thermoacoustic conversion part 2 valve 31
惯性管32 气库33 膨胀腔11,11’ Inertia tube 32 ,
压缩腔12 第一常温换热器21 回热器22 Compression chamber 12 The first normal temperature heat exchanger 21 Regenerator 22
非常温换热器23,23’ 热缓冲管24,24’ Very high temperature heat exchanger 23,23’ Thermal buffer tube 24,24’
第二常温换热器25,25’ The second normal temperature heat exchanger 25,25’
具体实施方式Detailed ways
图1为本发明的可调式双作用行波热声系统中的可调式双作用（单级）行波热声制冷机（实施例1）的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustable double-acting (single-stage) traveling-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator (Example 1) in the adjustable double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system of the present invention;
本实施例的双作用单级低温热声制冷机由首尾相连并形成环路的三个基本单元组成；每个基本单元均由直线电机1和热声转换部件2组成；所述的热声转换部件2由依次相连的第一常温换热器21、回热器22和非常温换热器23组成；本实施例的调节器件选用阀门31；本实施例有二个阀门31分别安装在位于左侧和下方的双作用行波热声系统的压缩机12与热声转换部件的第一常温换热器21之间的连接管道上。The double-acting single-stage low-temperature thermoacoustic refrigerator of this embodiment is composed of three basic units connected end to end and forming a loop; each basic unit is composed of a linear motor 1 and a thermoacoustic conversion component 2; the thermoacoustic conversion Part 2 is composed of a first normal temperature heat exchanger 21, a regenerator 22 and a very high temperature heat exchanger 23 connected in sequence; the regulating device of this embodiment uses a valve 31; this embodiment has two valves 31 respectively installed on the left On the connecting pipe between the compressor 12 of the double-acting traveling wave thermoacoustic system on the side and the bottom and the first normal temperature heat exchanger 21 of the thermoacoustic conversion component.
阀门也可以由惯性管32替代。The valve can also be replaced by an inertia tube 32 .
在没有调节器件阀门31时，图1所示系统为传统的双作用单级低温热声制冷机；直线电机在输入电压驱动下进行往复运动产生压力波，压力波在热声转换部件2的回热器22内进行热量搬运，将非常温换热器23内的热量通过回热器22搬运到第一常温换热器21，从而产生制冷效应。在没有调节器件阀门31时，图1所示的制冷机系统因为加工与装配的原因，电机之间工作不一致，非常温换热器23的温度也会出现不同，更严重的问题是当非常温换热器23的温度降低到100K附近时，系统会发生自激震荡，这样系统会出现自激振荡和外界驱动两个频率，冷头温度无法进一步降低，出现波动上升的趋势。When there is no regulating device valve 31, the system shown in Figure 1 is a traditional double-acting single-stage low-temperature thermoacoustic refrigerator; the linear motor reciprocates under the drive of the input voltage to generate pressure waves, and the pressure waves return to the thermoacoustic conversion part 2 The heat is transported in the heat exchanger 22, and the heat in the very-temperature heat exchanger 23 is transported to the first normal-temperature heat exchanger 21 through the regenerator 22, thereby generating a cooling effect. When there is no regulating device valve 31, the refrigerator system shown in Figure 1 is inconsistent with the motors due to processing and assembly, and the temperature of the very high temperature heat exchanger 23 will also be different. The more serious problem is that when the very high temperature When the temperature of the heat exchanger 23 drops to around 100K, the system will have self-excited oscillation, and the system will have two frequencies of self-excited oscillation and external drive. The temperature of the cold head cannot be further reduced, and there is a trend of rising fluctuations.
为了抑制不一致和自激振荡的问题，左侧和下方的基本单元中安装了阀门31；阀门安装在常温换热器21和直线电机的压缩腔12之间，阀门具有耗散声功的作用，同时可以调节相位关系。通过调节阀门的开度大小可以调节此处的声功耗散和相位关系，从而使三个基本单元一致工作，同时抑制自激振荡的发生。In order to suppress the problems of inconsistency and self-excited oscillation, a valve 31 is installed in the basic unit on the left and below; the valve is installed between the normal temperature heat exchanger 21 and the compression chamber 12 of the linear motor, and the valve has the function of dissipating sound work, At the same time, the phase relationship can be adjusted. By adjusting the opening of the valve, the sound power dissipation and phase relationship here can be adjusted, so that the three basic units can work in unison while suppressing the occurrence of self-excited oscillation.
需要指出的是，将图1中的膨胀腔11和压缩腔12交换位置，该系统则变成一个可调式双作用热泵系统。直线电机在输入电压驱动下进行往复运动产生压力波，压力波在热声转换部件2的回热器22内进行热量搬运，将常温换热器21内的热量通过回热器22搬运到非常温换热器23，从而产生制热效应。同样地，在没有调节器件阀门31时，系统会出现不一致现象，当非常温换热器温度升高到一定值时系统会产生自激振荡。有了调节器件阀门31时，不一致现象和自激震荡可以得到有效的抑制。It should be pointed out that, if the expansion chamber 11 and the compression chamber 12 in Fig. 1 are exchanged, the system becomes an adjustable double-acting heat pump system. The linear motor reciprocates under the drive of the input voltage to generate pressure waves, and the pressure waves carry out heat transfer in the regenerator 22 of the thermoacoustic conversion component 2, and transfer the heat in the normal temperature heat exchanger 21 to the very temperature through the regenerator 22. Heat exchanger 23, thereby generating heating effect. Similarly, when there is no regulating device valve 31, the system will appear inconsistency, and the system will generate self-excited oscillation when the temperature of the very high temperature heat exchanger rises to a certain value. With the regulating device valve 31, inconsistencies and self-excited oscillations can be effectively suppressed.
图2为本发明的可调式双作用行波热声系统中的可调式双作用（单级）行波热声发动机（实施例2）的结构示意图；其由四个基本单元组成，每个基本单元包括直线电机1和热声转换部件2；热声转换部件2由第一常温换热器21、回热器22、非常温换热器23、热缓冲管24和第二常温换热器25组成；四个基本单元均装有调节器件，调节器件为相连的惯性管32和气库33；Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an adjustable double-acting (single-stage) traveling-wave thermoacoustic engine (Example 2) in the adjustable double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system of the present invention; it consists of four basic units, each basic The unit includes a linear motor 1 and a thermoacoustic conversion component 2; the thermoacoustic conversion component 2 consists of a first normal temperature heat exchanger 21, a regenerator 22, a very high temperature heat exchanger 23, a thermal buffer tube 24 and a second normal temperature heat exchanger 25 Composition; the four basic units are all equipped with adjustment devices, and the adjustment devices are the connected inertia tube 32 and the gas storehouse 33;
在没有调节器件惯性管32和气库33时，图1所示为传统的双作用行波热声发动机系统。通过向非常温换热器23输入热量使其温度升高，当回热器内温度梯度达到一定值时，系统会产自激的压力波振荡，压力波推动直线电机进行往复运动将机械能转换为电能，向外界输出电功。如果没有调节器件惯性管32和气库33，发动机的各个基本单元之间因为加工与装配的细微差压，非常温换热器23的温度、电机的输出电压和电流将会出现不一致的现象。有的单元的温度会异常升高，有的电机行程会异常增加，容易导致部件的损坏。Fig. 1 shows a traditional double-acting traveling wave thermoacoustic engine system without the inertial tube 32 and the gas reservoir 33 of the adjusting device. By inputting heat to the very temperature heat exchanger 23 to increase its temperature, when the temperature gradient in the regenerator reaches a certain value, the system will generate self-excited pressure wave oscillations, and the pressure waves will drive the linear motor to reciprocate to convert mechanical energy into Electric energy, output electric work to the outside world. If there is no adjustment device inertia tube 32 and air reservoir 33, the temperature of the super-temperature heat exchanger 23, the output voltage and current of the motor will be inconsistent due to the slight differential pressure in processing and assembly between the various basic units of the engine. The temperature of some units will rise abnormally, and the stroke of some motors will increase abnormally, which will easily lead to damage of components.
为了解决工作性能不一致的问题，四个基本单元中均安装了调节器件，调节器件由惯性管32和气库33组成；调节器件安装在常温换热器21和直线电机的压缩腔12之间，调节器件具有耗散声功的作用，同时可以调节相位关系。通过调节惯性管的长度、直径、气库的大小等可以调节此处的声功耗散和相位关系，从而使四个基本单元一致工作，同时抑制自激振荡的发生。In order to solve the problem of inconsistency in working performance, adjustment devices are installed in the four basic units. The adjustment device is composed of an inertia tube 32 and an air reservoir 33; the adjustment device is installed between the normal temperature heat exchanger 21 and the compression chamber 12 of the linear motor. The device has the function of dissipating sound work and can adjust the phase relationship at the same time. By adjusting the length and diameter of the inertial tube, the size of the gas reservoir, etc., the sound power dissipation and phase relationship can be adjusted here, so that the four basic units can work in unison while suppressing the occurrence of self-excited oscillation.
本实施例中，如果向直线电机1中输入电功（同时停止向非常温换热器23输入热量），则非常温换热器23的温度将下降，系统转变为一个双作用行波热声制冷系统；进一步将图2中的膨胀腔11和压缩腔12交换位置，该系统则变成一个可调式双作用热泵系统，双作用行波热声制冷系统，在此不再一一赘述。In this embodiment, if the electric power is input to the linear motor 1 (at the same time, the input of heat to the very-temperature heat exchanger 23 is stopped), the temperature of the very-temperature heat exchanger 23 will drop, and the system will transform into a double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic Refrigeration system: By further exchanging the positions of the expansion chamber 11 and the compression chamber 12 in Fig. 2, the system becomes an adjustable double-acting heat pump system and a double-acting traveling wave thermoacoustic refrigeration system, which will not be repeated here.
图3为本发明的可调式双作用行波热声系统中的可调式双作用（两级）行波热声制冷机（实施例3）的结构示意图；其由三个基本单元组成，每个基本单元包括直线电机1和热声转换部件2。热声转换部件2由第一常温换热器21、回热器22、非常温换热器23、热缓冲管24和第二常温换热器25组成；回热器22被分成量两段，两段的连接处另外连接有另一非常温换热器23’，另一热缓冲管24’和第二常温换热器25’；调节器件为阀门（31，31’），分别安装在第二常温换热器25和膨胀腔11之间以及第二常温换热器25’和膨胀腔11’之间；两级结构的双作用低温热声制冷机有利于获得更低的制冷温度。Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an adjustable double-acting (two-stage) traveling-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator (Example 3) in the adjustable double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic system of the present invention; it consists of three basic units, each The basic unit includes a linear motor 1 and a thermoacoustic conversion component 2 . The thermoacoustic conversion part 2 is composed of a first normal temperature heat exchanger 21, a regenerator 22, a very high temperature heat exchanger 23, a thermal buffer pipe 24 and a second normal temperature heat exchanger 25; the regenerator 22 is divided into two sections, The junction of the two sections is additionally connected with another very high temperature heat exchanger 23', another thermal buffer pipe 24' and a second normal temperature heat exchanger 25'; the regulating devices are valves (31, 31'), respectively installed at Between the second normal temperature heat exchanger 25 and the expansion chamber 11 and between the second normal temperature heat exchanger 25' and the expansion chamber 11'; the double-acting low-temperature thermoacoustic refrigerator with a two-stage structure is beneficial to obtain a lower refrigeration temperature.
与实施例1类似，在没有调节器件阀门31和31’时，图3所示的制冷机系统中电机之间工作将不一致，非常温换热器23和23’的温度较低时，系统会发生自激震荡，系统无法稳定工作。有了调节器件阀门31和31’后，通过适当的声功耗散和相位调节，三个基本单元可以一致地工作，同时自激振荡可以有效地被抑制。Similar to Embodiment 1, when there are no regulator valves 31 and 31', the motors in the refrigerator system shown in Figure 3 will work inconsistently, and when the temperature of the very warm heat exchangers 23 and 23' is low, the system will Self-excited oscillation occurs, and the system cannot work stably. With the adjustment device valves 31 and 31', the three basic units can work in unison through appropriate sound power dissipation and phase adjustment, and at the same time, the self-excited oscillation can be effectively suppressed.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent replacements are made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.
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| CN104792002A (en) * | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-22 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Boiled water heating system using double-acting thermoacoustic heat pump as heater |
| CN103758657B (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2015-05-06 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Acoustic resonance type traveling wave thermoacoustic power generation system |
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