CN103394833A - High-precision postwelding weld joint tracking and residual stress relieving system - Google Patents
High-precision postwelding weld joint tracking and residual stress relieving system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种焊后焊缝高精度跟踪及残余应力消除系统，包括对焊缝进行焊接的移动式焊接设备、消除焊接应力的焊接应力消除移动机器人，一台同步电机固定放置于焊缝外，以同步电机转轴轴心作为参考点；两个反射式测距传感器固定在电机轴上，与电机同轴旋转，两个传感器间相隔一段距离；在焊接初始点、移动式焊接设备的焊接喷嘴处、焊接应力消除移动机器人作业末端均贴有反射片。本发明结构简单、自动化程度高、焊后焊缝跟踪精度高，不受焊渣或焊接缺陷对焊后焊缝跟踪的影响。
The invention discloses a post-weld welding seam high-precision tracking and residual stress elimination system, which includes a mobile welding equipment for welding the weld seam, a welding stress elimination mobile robot for eliminating welding stress, and a synchronous motor fixedly placed on the weld seam In addition, the shaft center of the synchronous motor is used as the reference point; two reflective ranging sensors are fixed on the motor shaft and rotate coaxially with the motor, and there is a distance between the two sensors; at the initial point of welding, welding of mobile welding equipment Reflective sheets are attached to the nozzle and the end of the welding stress relief mobile robot. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, high degree of automation, high accuracy of seam tracking after welding, and is not affected by welding slag or welding defects on seam tracking after welding.
Description
The application is application number 201210401736.0, the applying date: 2012.10.19, the dividing an application of title " constant scanning locate mode postwelding weld joint tracking and residual stress eliminate system ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding stress and eliminate automatic control system, belong to sensing and observation and control technology field.
Background technology
In large-sized structural parts welding, plate sheet welding, different-metal material welding, high temperature alloy welding, and in fields such as high accuracy special equipment welding, welding deformation need be effectively controlled, otherwise can be influential to weldment size and profile, and can reduce the bearing capacity of structure.As in the aluminium alloy shipbuilding industry, sheet material is large because heat input larger in welding process deforms, property of welded joint is poor.When building hull, approximately have 25% workload be to deck of boat shaping and beat flat, to meet the requirements of flatness and curvature, in order to the deck of boat can be fixed together.This has not only affected the efficiency that boats and ships are produced, and greatly reduces the quality of ship.Even, also there is the welding deformation problem in the laser weld that the heat input is little, distortion is little.Welding stress is the main cause of welding deformation.Eliminate welding stress, the method for controlling welding deformation is a lot, and several after welding treatment methods comparatively commonly used have that ultrasonic impact, weld toe ground, shot-peening, hammering, TIG are molten repaiies, applies low transformation temperature welding rod method etc. in engineering at present.With weldering or postwelding impact, hammering, to roll be a kind of effective way that reduces welding stress, prevents welding deformation.Wherein the ultrasonic impact technology is a kind of harmful residual tension of effective elimination parts surface or weld metal zone of novelty, the method for the useful compression of introduction, compares its advantages of other method.The powerful energy of ultrasonic impact equipment utilization promote impact head with per second approximately the frequency of 20,000 times impact metal object surface, high frequency, efficient and focus on lower macro-energy and make the larger compressive plastic deformation of metal surface generation; Ultrasonic impact has changed original stress field simultaneously, produces useful compression; Under high energy impact events the very fast rising of metallic surface temperature is cooling rapidly again, and top layer, active region metal structure is changed, and impact site is strengthened.
Though developed both at home and abroad the travelling car carrying with weldering/post-weld stress abatement apparatus, do not possess the long weld seam of postwelding, bending weld seam automatic tracking function.Make with weldering/post-weld stress abatement apparatus and can automatically implement operation, need possess the postwelding welding line tracking function.Advanced postwelding weld joint tracking all uses in weldquality detects, the method of using adopts the mode of machine vision more, see document (Lu Changfu. based on postwelding detection technique research [D] the .[master thesis of laser-vision sensing]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, college of materials science and engineering, 2007.7.; Jean-Paul Boillot, Koichi Uota, Etienne Berthiaume, et al.Tracking and inspection for laser welding[J] .Proceeding of SPIE, 2002 (4): 165-170.), due to postwelding groove characteristic disappear, weld defect, residual solder flux welding slag with splash etc. and all directly to have influence on vision-based detection.Explore a kind of precision high, be not subjected to weld joint tracking mode after full automatic welding that the postwelding operating mode affects, and be applied to will have very strong practical value in post-weld stress elimination system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of real time record welding tip motion track, the constant scanning locate mode postwelding weld joint tracking that the stress cancel job is effective and residual stress are eliminated system.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of constant scanning locate mode postwelding weld joint tracking and residual stress are eliminated system, it is characterized in that: the welding stress of comprise Mobile welding equipment that butt welded seam welds, eliminating welding stress is eliminated the mobile robot, a synchronous motor fixed placement is outside weld seam, and is as a reference point with the synchronous motor rotating shaft core; Two reflective distance measuring sensors are fixed on motor shaft, with motor coaxle rotation, the segment distance of being separated by between two sensors; Eliminate mobile robot's operation end at welding tip place, the welding stress of welding initial point, Mobile welding equipment and all post reflector plate, coordinate range finding with above-mentioned distance measuring sensor, one of them distance measuring sensor detects respectively the distance between reference point and welding initial point, reference point and welding tip, and another distance measuring sensor detects respectively the distance between reference point and welding initial point, reference point and welding stress elimination mobile robot operation end; In the system running, motor is constant speed rotary ceaselessly, and distance measuring sensor constantly detects the distance of welding tip and reference point, and take reference point as the center of circle, reference point, welding initial point, the formed angle of welding transfer point, thus the motion track of welding tip with respect to reference point obtained; Distance measuring sensor detects in real time welding stress and eliminates the distance of mobile robot's operation end and reference point simultaneously, and take reference point as the center of circle, reference point, welding starting point, stress are eliminated the formed angle of transfer point, thereby obtain welding stress and eliminate the motion track of mobile robot's operation end with respect to reference point, above-mentioned two tracks are compared, can obtain welding stress elimination mobile robot operation end and depart from distance and the direction of welding line, and by control system, rectify a deviation.
In welding, two reflector plates in up and down are set on initial point, and the segment distance of being separated by between two reflector plates; A reflector plate center on the reflector plate center at welding tip place, welding initial point and a distance measuring sensor are on same level; Welding stress is eliminated reflector plate center, another reflector plate center on the welding initial point and another distance measuring sensor of mobile robot's operation end on same level.
The distance measuring sensor setting height(from bottom), higher than welding tip, adopts modulating frequency to avoid the interference of arc light and plasma resonance.
Eliminate on the mobile robot pose detecting sensor is installed at welding stress, obtain arbitrary moment robot with respect to the pose of reference point, by control system, rectify a deviation.
Welding stress is eliminated the mobile robot and is adopted wheeled mobile robot as body,, by the differential robot location's coarse positioning of realizing of two-wheeled, adopts crosshead shoe as stress cancel job end Locating driver mechanism, realizes the precision positioning of stress cancel job end.
The present invention is simple in structure, automaticity is high, postwelding weld joint tracking precision is high, is not subjected to the impact on the postwelding weld joint tracking of welding slag or weld defect.The Department of Automation of the making a general survey of domestic existing welding field equipment of unifying, the design object unit of there is no that the present invention carries realizes.
The present invention is used the constant speed rotary motor as the reference position, the method real time record welding tip motion track that adopts range measurement and angular surveying (segmentation of high-frequency impulse linear interpolation is adopted in angular surveying) to combine, and control welding stress and eliminate the adjustment of mobile robot's pose, implement the stress cancel job along the welding tip track.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is that constant scanning locate mode postwelding weld joint tracking of the present invention and residual stress are eliminated system construction drawing.
Fig. 2 is in of the present invention kind of constant scanning locate mode postwelding weld joint tracking and residual stress elimination system, and welding stress is eliminated the Mobile Robot Control System structure chart.
Fig. 3 is in constant scanning locate mode postwelding weld joint tracking of the present invention and residual stress elimination system, postwelding seam tracking system measuring principle top view sketch.
Fig. 4 is in constant scanning locate mode postwelding weld joint tracking of the present invention and residual stress elimination system, postwelding seam tracking system measuring principle sequential chart.
The specific embodiment
A kind of constant scanning locate mode postwelding weld joint tracking and residual stress are eliminated system, the welding stress of comprise Mobile welding equipment 1 that butt welded seam welds, eliminating welding stress is eliminated mobile robot 2, synchronous motor 3 fixed placement are outside weld seam, and are as a reference point with the synchronous motor rotating shaft core; Two reflective distance measuring sensors 4,5 are fixed on motor shaft, with motor coaxle rotation, the segment distance of being separated by between two sensors; Eliminating mobile robot's operation end at welding tip place, the welding stress of welding initial point, Mobile welding equipment, to post respectively reflector plate 6(be reflector plate C), 7(is reflector plate D), 8(is reflector plate A), 9(is reflector plate B), coordinate range finding with above-mentioned distance measuring sensor, one of them distance measuring sensor detects respectively the distance between reference point and welding initial point, reference point and welding tip, and another distance measuring sensor detects respectively the distance between reference point and welding initial point, reference point and welding stress elimination mobile robot operation end; In the system running, motor is constant speed rotary ceaselessly, and distance measuring sensor constantly detects the distance of welding tip and reference point, and take reference point as the center of circle, reference point, welding initial point, the formed angle of welding transfer point, thus the motion track of welding tip with respect to reference point obtained; Distance measuring sensor detects in real time welding stress and eliminates the distance of mobile robot's operation end and reference point simultaneously, and take reference point as the center of circle, reference point, welding starting point, stress are eliminated the formed angle of transfer point, thereby obtain welding stress and eliminate the motion track of mobile robot's operation end with respect to reference point, above-mentioned two tracks are compared, can obtain welding stress elimination mobile robot operation end and depart from distance and the direction of welding line, and by control system, rectify a deviation.Welding stress is eliminated the mobile robot and is adopted wheeled mobile robot as body,, by the differential robot location's coarse positioning of realizing of two-wheeled, adopts crosshead shoe as stress cancel job end Locating driver mechanism, realizes the precision positioning of stress cancel job end.
Specific as follows: take two dimensional surface bending or straight weld as example, as shown in Figure 1.Synchronous motor is wherein arranged, distance measuring sensor F, distance measuring sensor E, reflector plate A, B, C, D, Mobile welding equipment (containing welding tip), stress eliminate the mobile robot (contain electronic compass, stress abatement apparatus operation end can adopt electromagnetic hammer or ultrasonic impact first-class).Distance measuring sensor E, F are fixed on motor shaft, with motor coaxle rotation, the segment distance of being separated by between E, F.E, F and corresponding reflector plate are avoided the phase mutual interference by being arranged on differing heights, and adopt laser or the infrared light of different modulating frequency to avoid interference.Weld seam is planar-two-dimensional weld seam mixing, and the black interstitial wire is welding line, and all the other are welding line not.A mark post is holded up in the welding starting point, and reflector plate C, D are fixed on mark post, the segment distance of being separated by between C, D.The center of reflector plate A, C and distance measuring sensor F on a horizontal plane, when distance measuring sensor F and reflector plate A, C are just relative, can measure the distance of FA, FC.The center of reflector plate B, D and distance measuring sensor E on a horizontal plane, when distance measuring sensor E and reflector plate B, D are just relative, can measure the distance of EB, ED.For avoiding the interference such as arc light in laser beam welding, the distance measuring sensor setting height(from bottom) is higher than welding tip, and employing specific modulation frequency is avoided the interference of arc light and plasma resonance.
For the purpose of easy analysis, draw the measuring principle diagrammatic top view as shown in 3.If synchronous motor drives distance measuring sensor E, F and turns clockwise, transfer point A moves in the counterclockwise direction.Transfer point A initial position is A0, and welding equipment is along in the weld movement process, the continuous high-speed rotating scanning of distance measuring sensor.
Can obtain the distance L 0 that A0 point and F are ordered.If when the light that F sends process C point and A0 point, can export two high level pulses by interface circuit and see Fig. 4.If when initial, welding tip is still in A0 place, position, starting phase angle ∠ CFA
0Be designated as α
0Start the high-frequency impulse counting during light process A, stop counting while arriving C.If motor speed is constant, and rotate in a circle that to fill high-frequency impulse be N.And the high-frequency impulse that can record angle representative between A0 and C by controller is counted N0, can calculate:
The L that in like manner can survey
1, ∠ CFA
1, L
2, ∠ CFA
2Therefore under can real time record, welding tip be with respect to change of distance track (L1, L2, the L3 of reference position ...) and angle variation track (∠ CFA
0, ∠ CFA
1, ∠ CFA
2), obtain the track (prerequisite is to be defaulted as welding tip to have higher weld joint tracking precision) at weld seam center by match.
Adopt said method, adopt sensor E to coordinate with reflector plate B, D, detect in real time the position of stress abatement apparatus operation end, can obtain change of distance track and the angle variation track of stress abatement apparatus operation end with respect to reference position.The track of stress abatement apparatus operation end orbit and welding tip is compared, can obtain the angle and distance (taking reference position as benchmark) that stress abatement apparatus operation end departs from the weld seam center.Eliminate on the mobile robot electronic compass is installed at stress simultaneously, can obtain the pose of robot with respect to reference position, this moment can be by the motion control to robot, reduce the deviation of robot current location and match track, make stress abatement apparatus operation end aim at all the time weld seam and (when adopting the hammering mode, by the electromagnetic hammer tup, postwelding still is in the toe of weld of the condition of high temperature and the hammer force that the weld metal zone metal applies certain frequency.When adopting ultrasonic impact, by the ultrasonic impact head, realize that toe of weld or full welding bead cover type impact.Therefore the motion track of stress abatement apparatus operation end, actually along the weld seam centrode, or the toe of weld track, depending on concrete process of eliminating stress.）
Constant scanning locate mode postwelding weld joint tracking of the present invention and residual stress are eliminated system, and under the laser weld operating mode, E, F can adopt the less infrared distance sensor of range.Because during Laser Welding, the cooling velocity of weld metal is faster than normal welding, can reach 106 ℃/s, welding gun and stress abatement apparatus distance can be nearer, in welding, can implement the processing such as hammering, impact after the short time later.Under other welding manners, E, F can adopt and can adopt laser sensor, to realize long weld seam, follow the tracks of on a large scale.
Claims (1)
1. a postwelding weld seam high precision tracking and residual stress are eliminated system, it is characterized in that: the welding stress of comprise Mobile welding equipment that butt welded seam welds, eliminating welding stress is eliminated the mobile robot, a synchronous motor fixed placement is outside weld seam, and is as a reference point with the synchronous motor rotating shaft core; Two reflective distance measuring sensors are fixed on motor shaft, with motor coaxle rotation, the segment distance of being separated by between two sensors; Eliminate mobile robot's operation end at welding tip place, the welding stress of welding initial point, Mobile welding equipment and all post reflector plate, coordinate range finding with above-mentioned distance measuring sensor, one of them distance measuring sensor detects respectively the distance between reference point and welding initial point, reference point and welding tip, and another distance measuring sensor detects respectively the distance between reference point and welding initial point, reference point and welding stress elimination mobile robot operation end; In the system running, motor is constant speed rotary ceaselessly, and distance measuring sensor constantly detects the distance of welding tip and reference point, and take reference point as the center of circle, reference point, welding initial point, the formed angle of welding transfer point, thus the motion track of welding tip with respect to reference point obtained; Distance measuring sensor detects in real time welding stress and eliminates the distance of mobile robot's operation end and reference point simultaneously, and take reference point as the center of circle, reference point, welding starting point, stress are eliminated the formed angle of transfer point, thereby obtain welding stress and eliminate the motion track of mobile robot's operation end with respect to reference point, above-mentioned two tracks are compared, can obtain welding stress elimination mobile robot operation end and depart from distance and the direction of welding line, and by control system, rectify a deviation; In welding, two reflector plates in up and down are set on initial point, and the segment distance of being separated by between two reflector plates; A reflector plate center on the reflector plate center at welding tip place, welding initial point and a distance measuring sensor are on same level; Welding stress is eliminated reflector plate center, another reflector plate center on the welding initial point and another distance measuring sensor of mobile robot's operation end on same level; The distance measuring sensor setting height(from bottom), higher than welding tip, adopts modulating frequency to avoid the interference of arc light and plasma resonance; Eliminate on the mobile robot pose detecting sensor is installed at welding stress, obtain arbitrary moment robot with respect to the pose of reference point, by control system, rectify a deviation.
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| CN104384734A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-04 | 南通大学 | Full-automatic postwelding seam tracking and ultrasonic peening system |
| CN105081627A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-11-25 | 北人机器人系统（苏州）有限公司 | Weld joint measuring method based on dual laser measuring system |
| CN106191420A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-12-07 | 南通大学 | Postwelding impact manipulator trajectory tracking TT&C system |
| CN108118139A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-05 | 南通大学 | Intelligent weld stress handles impact device |
| CN112247465A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-01-22 | 柳州市明博机电设备有限公司 | A detection device for leak-proof welding of welded parts |
| CN112609067A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-06 | 北京理工大学 | In-situ low-stress welding method for large three-dimensional complex aluminum alloy component |
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| CN104384734A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-04 | 南通大学 | Full-automatic postwelding seam tracking and ultrasonic peening system |
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| CN108118139A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-05 | 南通大学 | Intelligent weld stress handles impact device |
| CN112247465A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-01-22 | 柳州市明博机电设备有限公司 | A detection device for leak-proof welding of welded parts |
| CN112247465B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2022-02-11 | 柳州市明博机电设备有限公司 | Welding part leak protection welds detection device |
| CN112609067A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-06 | 北京理工大学 | In-situ low-stress welding method for large three-dimensional complex aluminum alloy component |
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