CN103383391A - Detection apparatus for blood clotting time - Google Patents
Detection apparatus for blood clotting time Download PDFInfo
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- CN103383391A CN103383391A CN2012101374046A CN201210137404A CN103383391A CN 103383391 A CN103383391 A CN 103383391A CN 2012101374046 A CN2012101374046 A CN 2012101374046A CN 201210137404 A CN201210137404 A CN 201210137404A CN 103383391 A CN103383391 A CN 103383391A
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Abstract
The invention provides a detection apparatus for blood clotting time. The apparatus comprises a plastic shell (1). A channel (2) is arranged in the shell (1). The apparatus is characterized in that the interior of the channel (2) is at least provided with an element (3) used for delaying flowing of blood and comprises a first port (4) which has an opening at the external surface of the shell (1) and forms a blood sampling end and a second port (5) which is connected with a blood flow pushing device and a pressure transducer. The detection apparatus can easily, rapidly and accurately determine clotting time of whole blood and is applicable to evaluation of the blood clotting function of a human body.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical instruments field, be specifically related to a kind of clotting time pick-up unit, particularly a kind of human body peripheral blood that gathers carries out the device that the clotting time detects.
Background technology
The normal human has perfect blood coagulation and anti-freezing function, and the anticoagulation system of human body can be kept blood and be flow state, prevents that the thrombus that forms in body from continuing to extend and enlarge, thereby guarantees normal blood circulation, to partes corporis humani's position supply blood; But when vascular injury, the human body blood coagulation system can form thrombus rapidly and stop blooding.The blood coagulation system of human body, anticoagulation system continue to keep mobile equilibrium, to guarantee normal blood flow, prevent hemorrhage or too much thrombosis.
When wound appearred in human body, blood can autocoagulation be bled profusely avoiding.Medically, the blood clotting ability of human body is to using blood-clotting agent and anticoagulation medicine to have directive significance.The heparin metering of using when for example the coagulation function of human body power is with operation has directive significance.Therefore, there is demand widely in the inspection of human body blood coagulation mechanism at medical domain.
The clotting time inspection is clinical common inspection item, has very important clinical meaning, factor all can cause cruor time extending to comprise that blood vessel itself is abnormal, blood platelet disorders, clotting factor are abnormal etc., and DIC, Pre-thrombosis State and thrombotic diseases can cause the clotting time to shorten.The coagulation function inspection is the important means of diagnosis of hematologic diseases, checks patient's coagulation function before art, can effectively prevent from reaching postoperative and the fortuitous events such as haemophilia occur in art, thereby obtain best surgical effect.
At present, the method that the clinical employing clotting time checks comprises clotting time detection, activated clotting time (activated clotting time, ACT) method and the detection of activated partial thromboplastin time method etc., in order to assess the coagulation function of human body.
Whether the clotting time (CT) in the external time of solidifying, is mainly that in mensuration intrinsic coagulation approach, whether various clotting factor functions are normal after referring to that blood leaves blood vessel, perhaps have anticoagulant substances to increase.Different according to Specimen origin, the coagulation time test method is divided into capillary blood sampling and venous blood collection method.Capillary blood sampling can adopt slide method or capillary method to measure.Because blood collection procedure is easily sneaked into more tissue fluid, even thereby the intrinsic coagulation factor lack, extrinsic coagulation also still occurs, make and should abnormal result become normally, cause this method much less responsive, loss reaches 95%, therefore belong to superseded method.Therefore the venous blood collection method judges that the accuracy of endogenous deficiency of coagulation factors is higher than capillary blood sampling due to the less tissue fluid of sneaking in blood.3 kinds of concrete operation methods are arranged at present: (1) common test tube method (Lee-White method): this method sensitivity is not high, is tending towards at present superseded yet.(2) silicone tube method (SCT): the determination step of this law and common test tube method is basic identical, and unique difference is to adopt the test tube that scribbles silicone oil.Because the silicone tube inwall is difficult for making inwall clotting factor contact activation, therefore the clotting time is longer than common test tube method.
Activated clotting time (activated clotting time, ACT) method is to add white bole partial thromboplastin suspension in whole blood to be checked, the proconvertin of first fully contact, activation activation system, XI etc., and for the blood coagulation reaction provides abundant catalytic surface, thereby improved the accuracy of test.The ACT method is also one of better means of monitoring extracorporal circulatory system heparin consumption.
The activated partial thromboplastin time method refers in anticoagulate plasma, adds activation contact factor activator and the partial thromboplastin (replacing hematoblastic phosphatide) of capacity, then adds appropriate calcium ion can satisfy endogenous anticoagulant full terms.From adding calcium ion namely to be called activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) to the required time of the clotting of plasma.The length of APTT has reflected in blood plasma the level of factor, fibrinogen and factor V, X in endogenous blood coagulation system clotting factor common pathway.This test is at present the most frequently usedly to have a whether normal shaker test of the endogenous blood coagulation system of highly sensitive inspection.
At present, common test tube method and silicone tube method are measured the clotting time because error is large, have approached and have eliminated.And the hemostatic function of body is to be completed by the acting in conjunction of blood platelet, blood coagulation system, fibrinolytic system and blood vessel endothelium system etc., therefore, activated clotting time method or all there is certain shortcoming in the activated partial thromboplastin time method: (1) vein ischemic, amount for taking blood is many; (2) blood coagulation of blood of human body comprises series reaction, relates to the several factors such as blood platelet, clotting factor, fibrin ferment, is thrombin activity and activated clotting time method and activated partial thromboplastin time method detect, can not reflect the coagulation function of whole blood; (3) activated clotting time method and activated partial thromboplastin time method complex operation need the professional to implement, and blood sampling and mensuration personnel all should be skilled in technique, otherwise easily cause error; (4) minute is long, can not provide at short notice result.Therefore, exploitation is simple, fast also the method for energy Accurate Determining whole blood coagulation time has important clinical meaning.
Each discloses a kind of blood clotting checkout equipment US Patent No. 5302348 and US5504011, and this inspection machine comprises the instrument of detection and the consumptive material of detection.Wherein, have two on the detection consumptive material of US Patent No. 5302348 and detect duct and droplet of blood hand-hole, the light sensor equipment that comprises two pneumatic pumps on detecting instrument and detect the blood position.Have many check ducts and droplet of blood hand-hole on the laboratory consumables of US Patent No. 5504011, with a pneumatic pump, the blood in a plurality of ducts is carried out push-and-pull on checkout equipment and drive.In order to reach test effect, the flow locations that light sensor detects blood is set on every duct.By driving device for step-by-step, drive blood and flow in detecting card, to flow through in the duct to the needed time of set a distance by the light sensor monitoring of blood, judgement blood arrived and condensed during greater than threshold value this time.
The disclosed clotting time detection method of above-mentioned United States Patent (USP) and equipment still have following defective: when getting blood, the blood of finger need to splash in special blood sampling device (1), length consuming time, and amount for taking blood is many; (2) blood sampling device is complicated, gets the blood process and has the factor that much easily excites blood coagulation, easily causes the variation in clotting time, can cause larger resultant error; (3) in the duct, the generation of whole blood fluid column is condensed, thereby changes flowing velocity, and required time is longer; (4) can measure at heating arrangement after getting blood, in the blood process, temperature also may affect the time of blood coagulation but do not consider to get; (5) testing process is complicated, and test card and equipment making cost are high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of clotting time pick-up unit, this pick-up unit can be simply, quick, Accurate Determining whole blood coagulation time, and then be used for estimating the human body coagulation function.
Be used for realizing that the technical scheme of above-mentioned purpose is as follows:
A kind of clotting time pick-up unit, this device comprises plastic casing (1), the inside of described housing (1) arranges duct (2), inside, described duct (2) arranges at least one element that delays blood flow (3), and described duct (2) comprise that also being opened on housing (1) outside surface is used to form the first port (4) that blood sampling is held, and are opened on the second port (5) that housing (1) outside surface is used for connecting blood flow pusher and pressure transducer.
One end in described duct (2) forms the blood sampling end, first stings into small wound with sharp instrument at finger tip during blood sampling, and after peripheral blood flowed out the formation drop of blood, the end of taking a blood sample contacted with drop of blood.Because plastics are that the aperture of blood infiltrating material and blood sampling end is less, blood is by in syphonic effect automatic suction passage.
The temperature of body inner blood is generally 37 ℃ of left and right, the viscosity temperature influence of blood is very large, in the room temperature situation, adopt the blood sample of glass heparin tube collection to turn cold rapidly, the indexs such as the viscosity of blood, thrombin activity, biologically active pdgf can change accordingly, finally can affect the result of mensuration.In order to eliminate the impact of temperature, pick-up unit of the present invention is selected plastic material, and its heat transfer property is poor, can eliminate the adverse effect of temperature.Specifically, before blood sampling, pick-up unit can first be placed in thermostat insulation a period of time of constant temperature oven for example and take out, because the dissipation of heat of plastic plate is slow, pick-up unit can keep certain temperature when getting blood, the blood sample of avoiding gathering turns cold rapidly, thereby guarantees that testing result is subjected to the impact of room temperature less.
After blood sample collection, the external blood flow pusher of duct one end drives blood sample and flows in the duct.Described blood flow pusher can be air pump, membrane pump or stepper motor pump etc.The blood flow pusher allows blood constantly flow in the duct by repeatedly the duct being filled with gas and gas bleeding process.Blood condenses after leaving human body, finally forms the blood clotting piece.Detect pressure in the duct by being connected in pressure transducer on the port of duct.When the pressure rise in the duct arrived predetermined threshold value, the expression blood clotting can calculate blood coagulating time.
Preferably, the duct that diminishes for xsect of the described element (3) that delays blood flow.Perhaps, preferably, the described element (3) that delays blood flow is obstacles, and for example with the obstacles of at least one through hole, the concrete form of obstacles can be referring to Fig. 3 A-F.One or more snippets of the duct of described pick-up unit can be designed as the duct that xsect diminishes, also can be in the duct place or many places obstacles porose and that blood can flow through is set, thereby accelerate solidifying of blood, improve detection efficiency.The described material that delays the element (3) of blood flow can be plastics, rubber, glass, metal, fiber or nylon etc.
Described housing (1) can be designed to various shapes as required.Preferably, described housing (1) is sheet; More preferably, described housing (1) be sheet cube and maximum length less than 20 centimetres, breadth extreme is less than 10 centimetres, maximum ga(u)ge is less than 1 centimetre.
Preferably, the xsect of described duct (2) can be the various shapes such as circular, square, rectangle or ellipse.More preferably, the full-size of the xsect of described duct (2) is not more than 10 square millimeters.
Preferably, described duct (2) inner xsect that also arranges becomes large chamber (6), is used for making the to-and-fro movement of blood more steady.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) this pick-up unit is simple in structure, gets blood by finger, and amount for taking blood is few, and simple and fast also can quantitatively be taken a blood sample.
(2) clotting time of this detection means measure is the clotting time of whole blood, more can directly reflect the coagulation function of human body comprehensively.
(3) this pick-up unit is selected plastic material, its heat transfer property is poor, can first put into thermostat insulation a period of time before blood sampling takes out again, because the dissipation of heat of plastic plate is slow, pick-up unit can keep certain temperature when getting blood, the blood sample of avoiding gathering turns cold rapidly, thereby guarantees the less impact that is subjected to room temperature of result.
(4) in order to reduce Measuring Time, one or more snippets of the duct of pick-up unit can be designed as the duct that xsect diminishes, also can be in the duct place or many places place the obstacles that one or more porose blood can flow through.During back and forth by the duct that attenuates or obstacles, can increase friction when blood, make the time shorten of blood clotting, thereby reduce the time of measuring.
(5) pick-up unit is designed to laminarly, can easily pick-up unit be inserted in special heat-preserving equipment, also can insert easily in the checkout equipment of design, for example detects by light, and the methods such as electromagnetic field detection are implemented further to detect.
Description of drawings
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the Reference numeral that adopts in accompanying drawing represents respectively:
1 is plastic casing; 2 is the duct; 3 for delaying the element of blood flow; 4 is the first port; 5 is the second port; 6 is chamber.
Fig. 1 shows the structure of the described clotting time pick-up unit of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 shows the structure of the described clotting time pick-up unit of embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 A-F shows the structure that delays the element (3) of blood flow in the described clotting time pick-up unit of embodiment 3.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, advantage and disadvantage of the present invention will be more clear along with description.But these embodiment are only exemplary, scope of the present invention are not consisted of any restriction.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that lower without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and can modify or replace details and the form of technical solution of the present invention, but these modifications and replacement all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
See Fig. 1, the duct of clotting time pick-up unit (2) are the craspedodrome duct, and an end is for forming first port (4) of blood sampling end.The second port (5) communicates with atmosphere, is used for taking external air pump after blood, and air pump allows blood constantly flow in the duct by repeatedly inflating and deflation course.At this moment, blood begins to condense, form the blood clotting piece, when the element (3) of coagula by delaying blood flow---during duct that xsect diminishes, be subject to certain resistance, this moment, air pump continued the pull operation is carried out in the duct, and the pressure in the duct can rise, and carried out pressure detection in the duct by being connected in pressure transducer on air pump.
Pressure in the duct changes according to Bernoulli equation:
Wherein: P is pressure P
aZ is the average velocity that flows through on section; υ flows through the average velocity on section; The density of ρ fluid; P/ ρ is the pressure potential of unit mass fluid; The position potential energy of zg unit mass fluid; v
2The kinetic energy of/2 unit mass fluids; h
wThe g energy loss; Hg is extraneous acting; a
1, a
2The correction factor of introducing because velocity distribution is inhomogeneous.Narrowing intra-zone generation turbulent flow, be a=1.05 ~ 1.10 through testing its numerical value due to the duct.
Above Bernoulli equation through obtaining blood samples mobile pressure loss of being produced in the duct after abbreviation is
。Wherein parameter ε and duct internal diameter scale down exist relatedly, and pusher is when carrying out pusher, and one section, duct is connected with atmosphere, and one section is connected with pump, and the pressure differential of generation is
, its middle term
Relevant with cell walls and orifice throat length, can ignore the pressure variable effect in measurement.Its middle term
Relevant with inlet angle and the duct constriction regional diameter constriction ratio in constriction zone, duct, the numeric reference table that obtains ε through test is as follows:
Obtain the corresponding table of aperture convergent-divergent multiple and resistance coefficient variation after measuring
Also there are correlativity in entrance angle of inclination and the pressure loss in its constriction duct, obtain data through experiment
Show as follows:
Pressure change mainly by
Formula determines, when the duct is blocked, the inlet angle that the zone is narrowed in the duct changes, and narrows regional diameter ratio with zone, normal duct and change, Δ P
fChange.Obtain pressure Δ P through test
fChange when reaching 1500pa to 2000pa, confirm that the duct inwall blocks.
See Fig. 2, the duct of clotting time pick-up unit (2) are the U-shaped duct, and an end is for forming first port (4) of blood sampling end, and the second port (5) communicates with atmosphere.There is the element (3) that delays blood flow in the duct, i.e. the duct that attenuates, a sector hole footpath.Back and forth during the duct by attenuating, friction increases, and blood coagulation time is shortened when blood.Operating process is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
The duct of clotting time pick-up unit (2) is the U-shaped duct, and an end is for forming first port (4) of blood sampling end, and the second port (5) communicates with atmosphere.There is the element (3) that delays blood flow in the duct except comprising that a sector hole footpath attenuates the duct, and also a place or many places arrange the obstacles that porose blood can flow through in the duct, and concrete form is seen Fig. 3 A-F, thereby accelerates solidifying of blood, improves detection efficiency.Other structures and operating process are with embodiment 2.
Claims (10)
1. clotting time pick-up unit, this device comprises plastic casing (1), the inside of described housing (1) arranges duct (2), it is characterized in that, inside, described duct (2) arranges at least one element that delays blood flow (3), and described duct (2) comprise that also being opened on housing (1) outside surface is used to form the first port (4) that blood sampling is held, and are opened on the second port (5) that housing (1) outside surface is used for connecting blood flow pusher and pressure transducer.
2. clotting time pick-up unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the duct that the described element (3) that delays blood flow diminishes for xsect.
3. clotting time pick-up unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described element (3) that delays blood flow is obstacles, for example with the obstacles of at least one through hole.
4. clotting time pick-up unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described material that delays the element (3) of blood flow is plastics, rubber, glass, metal, fiber or nylon.
5. the described clotting time pick-up unit of any one according to claim 1 to 4, is characterized in that, described housing (1) is sheet.
6. the described clotting time pick-up unit of any one according to claim 1 to 4, is characterized in that, described housing (1) be sheet cube and maximum length less than 20 centimetres, breadth extreme is less than 10 centimetres, maximum ga(u)ge is less than 1 centimetre.
7. the described clotting time pick-up unit of any one according to claim 1 to 4, is characterized in that, the xsect of described duct (2) is circle, square, rectangle or ellipse.
8. the described clotting time pick-up unit of any one according to claim 1 to 4, is characterized in that, the full-size of the xsect of described duct (2) is not more than 10 square millimeters.
9. the described clotting time pick-up unit of any one according to claim 1 to 4, is characterized in that, described duct (2) inner xsect that also arranges becomes large chamber (6).
10. the described clotting time pick-up unit of any one according to claim 1 to 4, is characterized in that, described blood flow pusher is air pump, membrane pump or stepper motor pump.
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