CN103380827B - It is a kind of to prevent fat or oil composition of obesity fatty liver and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an oil composition for preventing obese fatty liver and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, the proportion of medium-chain fatty acids in the lipid composition provided by the present invention to all fatty acids in the lipid composition is 25-35% by mass, and triglycerides containing two medium-chain fatty acid residues in the molecule account for 25-35% by mass of all triglycerides. The proportion is ≥30% by mass, and the proportion of long-chain saturated fatty acids in all long-chain fatty acids constituting the oil composition is ≤15% by mass. The lipid composition of the present invention can reduce triglycerides in the liver, improve lipoprotein metabolism, prevent the occurrence of obese fatty liver, and has the same cooking applicability as common edible oil, and has good taste and high safety, and can be applied to edible oil , fat or oil processed food, etc.

Description

A kind of oil composition for preventing obese fatty liver and its preparation method

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of edible oil, and in particular relates to an oil composition for preventing obese fatty liver and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Fat is one of the important sources of human energy and can provide essential fatty acids, which is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. However, excessive intake of fat is a risk factor for obesity, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases one. According to the 2002 survey on nutrition and health of Chinese residents, the average daily intake of cooking oil for urban and rural residents in my country is 42g, which is much higher than the recommended amount of 25g in the 1997 Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents. Meanwhile, the prevalence of related chronic diseases is increasing rapidly. Compared with 1992, adult overweight increased by 39%, obesity increased by 97%, and the prevalence of hypertension increased by 31%. Excessive intake of edible oil is a common nutritional problem among urban and rural residents in my country. Reducing fat intake is an important measure to prevent obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the flavor of food lacking fat will be affected, and it will also affect the processing of food.

Fatty liver is a pathological change caused by liver lipoprotein metabolism disorder, triglyceride (Triglyceride, TG) synthesis rate is faster than its secreted into the blood, and TG accumulates in the liver in large quantities. Fatty liver is seriously threatening the health of Chinese people, and has become the second most common liver disease after viral hepatitis. It has been recognized as a common cause of hidden cirrhosis. According to the etiology, fatty liver is divided into obesity, alcohol, drug, etc. . Among them, obese fatty liver accounts for more than 60% of all fatty livers. Fatty liver can lead to serious liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer as the disease progresses.

In response to a series of side effects caused by fat intake, fat substitutes and fat mimics have emerged in this context. Fat substitutes are fatty acid-based esters whose structure is different from triglycerides in common edible oils, resulting in their non-accumulation or low-calorie properties in the human body. Grease simulants are produced from proteins, carbohydrates, and gums. The fidelity and processability of grease simulants in simulating oils are far inferior to ester oil substitutes, and their application fields are very limited. Oil substitutes have attracted attention in developed countries in the 1950s. Among oil substitutes, sucrose fatty acid polyester is a product that has been commercially used. This substance has a taste similar to oil and is not metabolized by the human body. So no energy is provided. However, sucrose fatty acid polyesters can interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and may also cause abdominal cramping.

Medium-chain fatty acids or medium-chain triglycerides (MCT, medium-chain fatty acid edible oil) are easily energyized and can be quickly digested and absorbed, so body fat accumulation is small. However, it has been reported that excessive intake of medium-chain triglycerides can cause Symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and chest tightness, and medium-chain triglycerides have certain defects in their application as cooking oil due to the limitations of low smoke point and easy foaming. Short-chain triglycerides have the characteristics of low calorie, but high freezing point and poor versatility. The energy density of protein and carbohydrates is less than half that of fat. By processing them to have the same physical properties and taste as fat, it can provide a low-calorie fat substitute, but it cannot be used as a heating medium due to lack of heat resistance. . Matsuo T. reported in 2001 that medium- and long-chain fatty acid triglycerides can inhibit body fat accumulation (Asia Pac J ClinNutr.2001; 10:46-50). The study found that medium- and long-chain fatty acid triglycerides have the same Due to its general properties and nutritional functions, it is a better oil substitute and has received a lot of attention.

PCT Patent Application Japanese Laid-Open No. Hei 4-501812 discloses that low-calorie fats and oils can be provided by triglycerides composed of long-chain fatty acids and short-chain fatty acids. However, triglycerides composed of short-chain fatty acids have a special taste, so the available cooking products are limited, and they are not suitable as a wide range of edible oils.

CN101530138 discloses a medium- and long-chain health-care dietary oil, which simply physically blends long-chain fatty acid edible oil and medium-chain fatty acid edible oil, and does not solve the problems of low smoke point, easy foaming and oil clarity at low temperature after physical blending The problem of transparency is not suitable for cooking oil application.

CN101185465 discloses a kind of oil composition with less body fat accumulation with glycerides and diglycerides of conjugated linoleic acid and medium-chain fatty acids as active ingredients, but the safety of oil compositions containing diglycerides was subject to review in 2009 The question is mainly that diglyceride contains the carcinogenic substance glycidol, and at the same time, all diglyceride products have been taken off the shelves in Japan. Moreover, it is difficult to produce high-concentration diacylglycerol at low cost, and it is difficult to be widely used.

WO2002016534 (CN1293176C) discloses an oil composition containing 5-23% by mass of medium-chain fatty acids, and triglycerides containing 2 medium-chain fatty acid residues in the molecule account for 1-20% of all triglycerides % by mass, the oil composition mainly reduces the accumulation of body fat.

JP2005171237 discloses that in the oil composition composed of diglyceride and triglyceride, 15-98% by mass of diglyceride is contained, and 1-40% by mass of triglyceride has one medium-chain fatty acid residue in the molecule. This invention is also It mainly uses diglyceride as the active ingredient, and has the same problem as the above-mentioned CN101185465 patent, and its main function is also to inhibit the accumulation of body fat.

CN100523206 discloses a method for producing triglycerides containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, wherein the 1 and 3 positions are connected with medium-chain fatty acids, and the 2 positions are connected with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is well known that under the action of pancreatic lipase in the small intestine, triglycerides are decomposed into 2-monoglycerides and fatty acids by breaking the 1 and 3 ester bonds in triglycerides. 2-Monoglycerides and fatty acids are dissolved in bile acid micelles and absorbed by intestinal mucosal cells, then synthesized into triglycerides and stored in muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. If the 2 positions are connected to medium-chain fatty acids, it will not be easy to synthesize, thereby well inhibiting the accumulation of body fat, and the polyunsaturated fatty acid edible oil is unstable and easy to oxidize at high temperature, so it is not suitable for cooking and frying.

Based on the existing technologies, various oil compositions basically focus on reducing the accumulation of body fat, and seldom involve the fatty liver of obesity, especially reducing the content of triglycerides in the liver and improving lipoprotein metabolism.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art, to provide a fat composition for preventing obese fatty liver and its preparation method, the fat composition can reduce triglycerides in the liver, improve lipoprotein metabolism, and prevent obesity Fatty liver, and has the same cooking applicability as ordinary edible oil, and has good taste and high safety, and can be applied to edible oil, fat or oil processed food, etc.

A further object of the present invention is to increase the content and efficacy of medium and long-chain fatty acid triglycerides in the oil composition, while meeting the standards and application properties of common edible oils.

Therefore, the present invention relates to an oil composition for reducing liver triglycerides, characterized in that the proportion of medium-chain fatty acids in the composition to all fatty acids in the oil composition is 25-35% by mass, and there are two medium-chain fatty acids in the molecule The proportion of triglycerides of fatty acid residues in all triglycerides is ≥30% by mass, and the proportion of long-chain saturated fatty acids in all long-chain fatty acids constituting the oil composition is ≤15% by mass.

In one embodiment, the content of 2M1L and 1M2L triglycerides in the oil composition of the present invention is ≥ 60% by mass, preferably, the content of 2M1L and 1M2L triglycerides is ≥ 70% by mass, more preferably, 2M1L Type and 1M2L type triglyceride content ≥ 80% by mass, more preferably 2M1L type and 1M2L type triglyceride content ≥ 90% by mass.

In one embodiment, the proportion of triglycerides containing three medium-chain fatty acid residues in the total triglycerides is ≤5% by mass.

In one embodiment, the oil composition of the present invention also contains one or more antioxidants selected from the following: tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), dibutylhydroxyanisole Toluene (BHT), vitamin E, rosemary extract, tea extract to keep the product stable.

The present invention provides a product containing the oil composition of the present invention, and the product may be oil composition for cooking, pet food, seasoning, mayonnaise, margarine, snacks, cakes, drinks and the like.

The present invention provides a kind of method for preparing oil composition of the present invention, described method comprises:

(1) Mixing raw oil and medium-chain triglycerides to obtain a raw material mixture;

and

(3) The reaction product is separated and purified by molecular distillation at 160-230° C., and then decolorized and deodorized, so as to prepare the oil composition.

In a specific embodiment, the lipase is selected from lipases of Alcaligenes, Candida, Rhizopus, Mucor or Pseudomonas, or phospholipase A from liver.

The present invention provides a method for preparing the oil composition of the present invention. The method comprises: mixing raw oil and medium-chain triglycerides to obtain a raw material mixture, then vacuum-drying at 90-120°C for 10 minutes, adding 0.1-2% by mass catalyst, so that the raw material oil and medium-chain triglycerides react at a temperature of about 90-120 ° C, and add a citric acid solution with a concentration of 6-10% according to the total weight of the raw material mixture at 8-12% by mass. reaction, washing the reaction product with water until the pH is neutral, drying and decolorizing, molecular distillation at 160-230°C, and deodorization, so as to obtain the oil composition.

In a specific embodiment, the catalyst is selected from sodium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, a mixture of NaOH and glycerin or a mixture of alkali metals and glycerin.

In a specific embodiment, the mixing molar ratio of raw oil and medium-chain triglycerides in the method is 0.25-1.25:1.

In a specific embodiment, the raw material oil is natural animal oil, fat or vegetable oil, fat, preferably, the vegetable oil is soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut, sesame, safflower oil, Linseed oil, cottonseed oil, rice oil; or the raw material oil is the processed oil of natural animal oil, fat or vegetable oil, fat, preferably the oil obtained by fractionation and/or transesterification.

The present invention also includes the grease composition prepared by the above method.

The present invention also provides a food, which contains the oil composition according to any one of claims 1-4 or the oil composition prepared according to the method of the present invention.

In a specific embodiment, said food includes animal food and human food.

The present invention also includes the application of the fat composition of the present invention in the preparation of products for reducing liver fat. The products may include, for example, oil and fat compositions for cooking, pet food, condiments, mayonnaise, margarine, snacks, cakes, beverages, and medicines.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows the comparison of the reduction of liver TG content by different oil compositions.

Figure 2 shows the comparison of the improvement of HDL-C content by different oil compositions.

Figure 3 shows the comparison of the improvement of LDL-C content by different oil compositions.

detailed description

In the present invention, "medium-chain fatty acid" or "M" refers to a fatty acid with a carbon number of 6-12, especially a saturated fatty acid. For example, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid; preferably fatty acids having a carbon number of 8-10, such as caprylic acid and capric acid.

In the present invention, "long-chain fatty acid" refers to a fatty acid with a carbon number of 14 or more, preferably a fatty acid with a carbon number of 14-22, including long-chain saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids. For example, long-chain fatty acids suitable for use in the present invention include: myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, eicosanoic acid, behenic acid, tetracosanoic acid, hexacosanoic acid, etc. fatty acids; and 9-tetradecenoic acid, pentadecenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, hexadecatrienoic acid, heptadecenoic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, Stearidonic Acid, Eicosatenoic Acid, Eicosadienoic Acid, Eicosatrienoic Acid, Eicosatetraenoic Acid, Arachidonic Acid, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Eicosapentaenoic Acid , docosadienoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and other long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid residue is the group obtained by removing the OH of the carboxyl group from the fatty acid.

The present invention also uses the letter "L" to refer to fatty acids with more than 14 carbon atoms, and "2M1L" refers to triglycerides containing two M and one L, that is, there are two medium-chain fatty acid residues and one residue on a triglyceride molecule Triglycerides of long-chain fatty acid residues. The medium-chain fatty acid residues can be in the 1,3 positions, 2,3 positions, or 1,2 positions of the triglyceride structure. "1M2L" is a triglyceride containing one M and two L, that is, a triglyceride with one medium-chain fatty acid residue and two long-chain fatty acid residues on one triglyceride molecule.

In the oil composition of the present invention, the medium-chain fatty acid accounts for 25-35% by mass of all fatty acids in the oil composition. In a specific embodiment, the medium-chain fatty acid accounts for 27-32% by mass of all fatty acids in the oil composition. The ratio of triglycerides containing two medium-chain fatty acid residues in the molecule to all triglycerides is ≥30% by mass. In some embodiments, the ratio of triglycerides containing 2 medium-chain fatty acid residues in the molecule to all triglycerides is ≥40% by mass, ≥50% by mass, ≥60% by mass, etc. In a preferred embodiment, in order to keep the oil composition clear, transparent and not cloudy during low-temperature storage, the proportion of long-chain saturated fatty acids in the oil composition of the present invention in all long-chain fatty acids constituting the oil composition is ≤ 15% by mass, preferably The proportion is ≤12% by mass, more preferably ≤8% by mass, ≤5% by mass.

In a preferred embodiment, it is preferred that the proportion of triglycerides containing 3 medium-chain fatty acid residues in the oil composition of the present invention in all triglycerides is <5% by mass. If the triglycerides containing 3 medium-chain fatty acid residues in the molecule account for more than 5% of the total triglycerides, the smoke will be obvious and the foaming will be serious during cooking, so it is not suitable for cooking oil. It is preferable that this ratio is 3 mass % or less, 2 mass % or less, and 1 mass % or less. More preferably at 0.5% by mass or less, smoking and foaming are remarkably improved.

The oil and fat composition of the present invention may contain an emulsifier to further improve frying suitability, especially to suppress foaming. Emulsifiers suitable for the oil composition of the present invention include but are not limited to sucrose fatty acid esters, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, glyceryl succinate, monoglycerides, diglycerides, sorbitol fatty acid esters, sorbitan Fatty acid esters, etc. The fat composition of the present invention may contain one or more of the above-mentioned emulsifiers. If the oil and fat composition of the present invention contains an emulsifier, the amount of the emulsifier in the oil and fat composition of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 6% by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 5% by mass.

The oil composition of the present invention may also contain one or more antioxidants selected from the group consisting of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT), Vitamin E, rosemary extract, tea extract to keep the product stable. The amount of antioxidant is conventional, and of course it can be properly adjusted according to different oil compositions.

The oil and fat composition of the present invention may contain other additives for improving storage stability, oxidation stability, thermal stability, crystallization inhibition at low temperature, and the like described below.

In a preferred embodiment, based on the total weight of the oil composition of the present invention, the content of 2M1L and 1M2L triglycerides contained in the oil composition is ≥70 mass%, preferably ≥75 mass%, ≥80 mass%.

The oil and fat composition of the present invention can be obtained by reacting raw oil and fat with medium-chain triglycerides.

The raw material oil required for producing the oil composition of the present invention can be natural animal oil, fat or vegetable oil, fat. Preferably, the vegetable oil is soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut, sesame, safflower oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil or rice oil, or any mixture thereof. Alternatively, the raw oil of the present invention may be natural animal oil, fat or vegetable oil, processed fat of fat, or any mixture thereof. Fats obtained by fractionation and/or transesterification or any mixture thereof are preferred.

The medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) used in the present invention may be a triglyceride obtained by esterifying the aforementioned medium-chain fatty acid and glycerol by a conventional method. Medium-chain fatty acids can be derived from, for example, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, camphor tree kernel oil, litsea cubeba kernel oil, and the like. However, it is generally preferred to use a single acid group or a mixed acid group triglyceride composed of a saturated fatty acid with a carbon number of 8 to 10 such as fatty acids decomposed from coconut oil, such as caprylic acid/capric acid=60/40～75/25 mass ratio Chain triglycerides or medium chain triglycerides with caprylic acid/capric acid=50/50～75/25 mass ratio. Commercially available medium-chain triglycerides can also be used to prepare the oil composition of the present invention.

The oil composition of the present invention can be obtained by various methods, including esterification reaction of fatty acid, transesterification reaction of free fatty acid or fatty acid ester and glyceride, etc. These reactions can be catalyzed chemically or enzymatically.

When preparing the oil composition of the present invention, the use ratio of raw oil and medium-chain fatty acid (or medium-chain triglyceride) can be adjusted according to the raw material oil used, and the triglyceride composition of the reaction product in the transesterification reaction can be measured, etc. And adjust the proportion of medium-chain fatty acids in all fatty acids constituting the oil composition, and the proportion of triglycerides containing 2 medium-chain fatty acid residues in the total triglycerides in the molecule, containing 3 in the molecule The proportion of triglycerides of medium-chain fatty acid residues in the total triglycerides constituting the oil composition, and the proportion of long-chain saturated fatty acids in the total long-chain fatty acids constituting the oil composition.

Preference is given to enzymatically catalyzed preparation methods. The enzymatic catalysis preparation method usually includes mixing raw oil and medium-chain triglycerides, passing through a packed column added with lipase, and performing transesterification at 30-80°C.

According to different raw oils and medium-chain triglycerides used, the mixing molar ratio of raw oils and medium-chain triglycerides can be 0.25~1.25:1. For example, in the case of using palm olein and MCT of caprylic acid/capric acid = 60/40, it can be mixed at a molar ratio of 0.25~0.5:1; In the case of using corn oil and MCT (caprylic acid/capric acid = 50/50), it can be mixed in a molar ratio of 0.5~0.75:1; In the case of MCT (caprylic acid/capric acid=50/50), it can be mixed at a molar ratio of 1~1.25:1; in the case of using sunflower oil and MCT (caprylic acid/capric acid=60/40), it can be massaged Mixing ratio 1~1.25:1. In other cases, suitable mixing ratios can also be used.

Usually, the flow rate through the packed column is 0.5-3 times the enzyme amount per hour, for example, it can be 1-3 times the enzyme amount or 1-2 times the enzyme amount per hour. In a preferred embodiment, the hourly flow rate through the packed column is 1.5-2 times the amount of enzyme.

The amount of lipase added to the packed column is usually 2-14% by mass of the total amount of raw materials (the total amount of raw material oil+MCT). For example, lipase may be added to the packed column in an amount of 5-12 mass%, 6-12 mass%, 5-10 mass%. In a preferred embodiment, the amount of lipase added is 8-10% by mass. Lipase can be added to the packed column by conventional methods in the art.

Lipases suitable for the present invention may include lipases from the genus Alcalibacterium, Candida, Rhizopus, Mucor, or Pseudomonas, or phospholipase A from the liver, and the like. It is particularly preferred that the present invention uses a lipase from Candida or Rhizopus. Examples of lipases suitable for the present invention can be various commercially available lipases, such as Lipozyme RM IM, Lipozyme TL IM, Novozyme 435 and the like.

The transesterification reaction is generally controlled within the temperature range at which the selected lipase exerts its activity, which is usually in the range of 30-80°C, preferably 50-60°C. The appropriate temperature of the transesterification reaction can be selected according to the different lipases used, so as to perform the transesterification under the condition that the enzyme exerts the maximum activity.

After the transesterification reaction, the product obtained by the transesterification reaction can be separated, purified, decolorized and deodorized by conventional methods in the art. For example, the reaction product obtained from the transesterification reaction can be molecularly distilled at 160-230°C, separated and purified for decolorization and deodorization. The decolorization and deodorization methods described below can be used.

In a preferred embodiment, the enzymatic transesterification reaction conditions of the present invention include temperature control at 50-60°C, flow rate per hour preferably 1.5-2 times the amount of enzyme, and lipase addition of 8-10% by mass.

Another method for preparing the oil composition of the present invention is a chemical catalytic preparation method. The method comprises: mixing the raw oil and medium-chain triglyceride, adding a catalyst accounting for 0.1-2% by mass of the total weight of the raw material (raw oil + MCT) after vacuum drying, so that the ratio between the raw oil and the medium-chain triglyceride is about 90 React at a temperature of -120°C, add a citric acid solution with a concentration of 6-10% according to the total weight of the raw materials at 8-12% by mass to terminate the reaction, then wash the reaction product with water until the pH is neutral, dry and decolorize, and molecularly distill at 160~230°C , and deodorize to obtain the oil composition of the present invention.

In the chemical catalysis method, the molar ratio of raw oil and medium chain triglyceride is heterotrophic as defined in the enzymatic method, within the range of 0.25~1.25:1. Technicians can adjust the molar ratio of the two according to the actual raw material oils and medium-chain triglycerides to achieve the best effect.

After mixing the raw oil and medium-chain triglycerides, vacuum drying is usually carried out at 90-120° C. for 5-15 minutes. After drying, 0.1-2% by mass of the total weight of the raw materials, usually 0.3-1.8% by mass, 0.5-1.5% by mass, and 0.5-1.2% by mass of catalysts can be added. The catalyst can be selected from various catalysts conventionally used in the art, including but not limited to sodium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, a mixture of NaOH and glycerin or a mixture of alkali metals and glycerin. Mixtures of two or more catalysts may also be used.

After adding the catalyst, it can be stirred for 20-40 minutes to make the raw oil and medium-chain triglyceride react. The reaction time depends on factors such as the specific raw material oil, the amount of medium-chain triglycerides, etc., and can be flexibly controlled by technical personnel.

After the reaction is terminated, hot water may be added to wash the resulting reaction product until the pH is neutral.

The decolorization applicable to the present invention may include the following steps: maintaining vacuum and heating up to 80-90°C, adding a decolorizing agent, then raising the temperature to 100-110°C, maintaining vacuum stirring for not less than 10 minutes, and then filtering to remove the decolorizing agent to obtain Depigmented oil.

The decolorizing agent suitable for the present invention includes but not limited to natural clay, activated clay, activated carbon, attapulgite, etc., preferably sulfuric acid activated clay.

The deodorization step applicable to the present invention includes: feeding nitrogen or water vapor as a deodorization medium, the vacuum degree is not higher than 25mBarA, deodorization at a suitable temperature for 45-120 minutes, the vacuum can be broken below 50°C, and the deodorized Grease composition.

Those skilled in the art can use conventional techniques to test the content of medium-chain fatty acids in the oil composition, the content of triglycerides containing 2 medium-chain fatty acid residues in the molecule, and the content of triglycerides containing 3 medium-chain fatty acid residues. ester content.

The present invention also includes the grease composition prepared by the above enzymatic method or chemical catalysis method.

The oil-fat composition of the present invention obtained as described above can be used as a cooking oil-fat composition as it is or by mixing additives generally used in cooking oil-fat compositions.

Additives suitable for the present invention may include polyglycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, Vitamin E, ascorbic acid fatty acid esters, xylan, coenzyme Q, phospholipids, oryzanol, diglycerides, etc., and those that have the effect of preventing adult diseases, preventing lifestyle-related diseases, inhibiting oxidation in vivo, and inhibiting obesity Vitamin E, ascorbic acid fatty acid esters, xylan, coenzyme Q, phospholipids, oryzanol, etc. The addition amount of various additives can be various addition amounts conventional in the art, and can also be properly adjusted according to the actual use of the oil composition.

The oil composition of the present invention can be further used to formulate various oil-containing products, including but not limited to pet food, condiments, mayonnaise, margarine, snacks, cakes, beverages and the like.

Different oil-containing products may contain different amounts of the oil composition of the present invention. For example, the oil and fat composition for cooking may contain 0.1-99.9% by mass (for example, 1-90% by mass, 1-80% by mass, 1-50% by mass, etc.) of the oil and fat composition of the present invention.

Compared with the prior art, in addition to providing essential fatty acid nutrition, the oil composition of the present invention also has the physiological functions of reducing liver triglyceride content and improving lipoprotein metabolism, has high safety, low production cost, and is convenient for industrialization. At the same time, it does not lose good low temperature stability, good flavor and excellent oxidation resistance, and has the same cooking applicability as ordinary cooking oil, and can be used for cooking, frying, food processing and other purposes.

The present invention will be illustrated below in the form of specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are illustrative only and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention will be defined by the claims of this application. The materials, reagents, reaction conditions and the like used are conventional means in the art unless otherwise specified.

In the following examples of the present invention, the enzymatic reactor raw material tank used was purchased from Wuxi Daliang Grain and Oil Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.; molecular distillation uses UIC equipment, referring to "Research on the Technology of Separating Camellia Camellia Seed Oil Ethyl Oleate by Molecular Distillation" "[Hu Wei et al., China Oils and Fats, Volume 38, No. 8, 2011, pages 49-52] method; decolorization and deodorization are carried out by conventional methods.

Example 1

Mix palm olein (produced by Yihai Kerry) and MCT (caprylic acid/capric acid = 60/40) in a molar ratio of 0.25:1, then put it into the raw material tank of the enzymatic reactor, and use 0.5 times the amount of enzyme per hour The flow rate was slowly passed through a packed column filled with 2wt% of the total weight of raw materials lipase (Lipozyme RM IM), and the transesterification reaction was carried out at 30°C. The reaction product was molecularly distilled at 160°C, decolorized and deodorized to obtain oil composition 1.

Example 2

Mix rapeseed oil (produced by Yihai Kerry) and MCT (caprylic acid/capric acid = 60/40) in a molar ratio of 0.5:1, and then put it into the raw material tank of the enzymatic reactor, and use 2 times the amount of enzyme per hour The flow rate was slowly passed through the column filled with lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) added with 10wt% of the total weight of raw materials, and the transesterification reaction was carried out at 60°C. The reaction product was molecularly distilled at 190°C, decolorized and deodorized to obtain oil composition 2.

Example 3

Mix rapeseed oil (manufactured by Yihai Kerry) and MCT (caprylic acid/capric acid=60/40) in a molar ratio of 0.5:1, then vacuum dry at 90°C for 5 minutes, add 0.2wt% sodium methoxide, and stir for 30 minutes , and then add 10wt% citric acid solution (concentration 8%) to terminate the reaction, wash with hot water until the pH is neutral, decolorize, molecularly distill at 200°C, and deodorize to obtain oil composition 3.

Example 4

Mix corn oil (produced by Yihai Kerry) and MCT (caprylic acid/capric acid = 50/50) at a molar ratio of 0.75:1, and then put it into the raw material tank of the enzymatic reactor, at a flow rate of 3 times the amount of enzyme per hour Slowly add 14wt% of the total weight of raw materials lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) to fill the column, carry out transesterification reaction at 70°C, and the reaction product is subjected to molecular distillation at 230°C, decolorized and deodorized to obtain oil composition 4.

Example 5

Mix soybean oil (manufactured by Yihai Kerry) and MCT (caprylic acid/capric acid = 50/50) in a molar ratio of 1:1, then vacuum dry at 120°C for 15 minutes, add 1wt% NaOH and glycerin mixture, and stir for 30 minutes , and then add 12wt% citric acid solution (10% concentration) to terminate the reaction, wash with hot water until the pH is neutral, decolorize, molecularly distill at 200°C, and deodorize to obtain oil composition 5.

Example 6

Mix sunflower oil (manufactured by Yihai Kerry) and MCT (caprylic acid/capric acid = 60/40) at a molar ratio of 1.25:1, then put it into the raw material tank of the enzyme reactor, and use 1.5 times the amount of enzyme per hour The flow rate was slowly passed through a column filled with lipase (Lipozyme RM IM) added with 6wt% of the total weight of raw materials, and the transesterification reaction was carried out at 80°C. The reaction product was molecularly distilled at 180°C, decolorized and deodorized to obtain oil composition 6.

Example 7

0.1 g of tert-butylhydroquinone was completely dissolved in 10 g of oil composition 2, and then mixed evenly with oil composition 2 at a volume ratio of 10:990 to obtain oil composition 7.

The composition of triglycerides and the content of medium-chain fatty acids in the oil compositions of the above examples are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Oil Composition Analysis (%)

Example 8

Put 150g of rapeseed oil, oil composition 1, oil composition 2, oil composition 3, oil composition 6, and oil composition 7 into open brown bottles, put them in a constant temperature oven at 63±1°C, and On the 10th day, the peroxide value of each oil composition was detected to measure the oxidation stability of the oil, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Peroxide value analysis (mmol/kg)

PV (mmol/kg) canola oil 12.34 Grease Composition 1 10.78 Grease Composition 2 11.02 Grease Composition 3 12.56 Grease Composition 6 11.35 Fat Composition 7 6.10

The results in Table 2 show that the oxidation stability of the oil composition is similar to that of common edible oils (such as rapeseed oil), and the addition of antioxidants can improve the oxidation stability of the oil composition.

Example 9

Use oil composition 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, rapeseed oil (control), rapeseed oil and MCT to blend (rapeseed oil: MCT = 1: 1w/w) (rapeseed oil, rapeseed oil and The content analysis of triglycerides and medium-chain fatty acids in MCT blended oil is shown in Table 3) A cooking test was carried out to study the performance of each oil composition. Specifically, by using the above oil fried rice and fried potato shreds to comprehensively evaluate the smoke, oil foaming, flavor and greasy feeling during the cooking process. The evaluation was made by 25 sensory assessors, and the results are shown in Table 4. Among them, fried rice ingredients: 30g oil + 300g rice + 2g salt; fried potato shreds raw materials: 35g oil + 200g potato shreds + 2g salt.

Table 3: Oil Composition Analysis (%)

Table 4: Cooking test results

Note: Evaluation criteria: 10-7 points, can be used; 6-4 points, but there are some problems in use; 3-1 points: cannot be used.

From the performance results in Table 4, it can be seen that the oil composition of the present invention has the same cooking applicability as common edible oil (such as rapeseed oil), and can be used instead of common edible oil.

Example 10

Freezing test: blend oil composition 1-7, rapeseed oil (control), rapeseed oil and MCT (RSO:MCT=1:1w/w), heat up to 130°C, filter and immerse in 0°C ice water bath Leave it for 5.5 hours and observe its appearance. The results are shown in Table 5. Crystallization was found in the oil composition 1, and the oil composition 5 was cloudy and opaque.

Table 5: Freezing test results

Freezing test (0°C) Canola oil (control) 10 Canola Oil and MCT Blend 8 Grease Composition 1 4 Grease Composition 2 10 Grease Composition 3 10

Grease Composition 4 9 Grease Composition 5 7 Grease Composition 6 9 Fat Composition 7 10

Note: Taking rapeseed oil as a control, evaluation criteria: 10-7 points, can be used; 6-4 points, there are some problems in use; 3-1 points: cannot be used.

Comparative example 1

Grease composition 8 was obtained by diluting oil composition 2 with rapeseed oil 1.5 times.

Comparative example 2

Grease composition 9 was obtained by diluting oil composition 2 three times with rapeseed oil.

Comparative example 3

Mix rapeseed oil (manufactured by Yihai Kerry) and MCT (caprylic acid/capric acid = 60/40) in a molar ratio of 3.25:1, then put it into the raw material tank of the enzymatic reactor, and slowly flow at 5ml/min The oil composition 10 was obtained by adding 10 wt% of the total weight of the raw material lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) to fill the column, and performing transesterification at 60° C. for decolorization and deodorization.

See Table 6 for the contents of triglycerides and medium-chain fatty acids in the oil compositions of Comparative Examples.

Table 6: Comparative Example Oil Composition Analysis (%)

Example 11

7-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were adaptively fed for one week and then randomly divided into 4 groups, with 12 mice in each group. They were free to ingest 20wt% rapeseed oil (manufactured by Yihai Kerry) (control) (triglyceride) for 12 weeks The ester composition and medium chain fatty acid content are shown in Table 3) or the feed of oil composition 2, 8, 9, 10. The feed composition is shown in Table 7. After 12 weeks of administration of the experimental food, 12 animals in each group were dissected, their livers were taken out, and TG in the liver was detected, as well as serum HDL-C and LDL-C. The experimental results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance using SPSS 17.0, and the results of feeding the mice for 12 weeks are shown in Table 8 and Figures 1, 2, and 3.

Table 7: Feed composition

Table 8: Animal experiment results (feeding for 12 weeks)

Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard error.

* means P<0.05 compared with the control group, which is a significant difference

** means P<0.01 compared with the control group, which is a very significant difference

Compared with the control group (rapeseed oil), the liver TG content of mice fed with oil composition 2 for 12 weeks showed an extremely significantly low value, and the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C content showed an extremely significantly high value , the LDL-C content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed an extremely obvious low value; therefore, oil composition 2 has the function of reducing TG content in the liver and improving lipoprotein metabolism; mice fed with oil composition 8 only had TG content and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C content show extremely obvious low value, so oil composition 8 has the function of reducing liver TG content, can improve lipoprotein metabolism; Feed oil composition 9 and 10 and contrast There was no significant difference in liver TG content, HDL-C content, and LDL-C content compared with the control group (rapeseed oil). Therefore, it can be judged from animal experiments that the proportion of medium-chain fatty acids used in the total fatty acids of the oil composition, and the proportion of triglycerides containing 2 medium-chain fatty acid residues in the total triglycerides in the molecule are within the scope of the present invention When compared with the oil compositions 9 and 10 of the control and comparative examples, it can reduce the TG content in the liver, better improve the metabolism of lipoproteins, and prevent the occurrence of obese fatty liver.

Example 12

According to the method of Example 11, animal feeding experiments were carried out using oil compositions 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively. The results showed that compared with the control (rapeseed oil), oil compositions 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 can significantly reduce the content of triglycerides in the liver of mice and improve the metabolism of lipoproteins.

Based on the above experimental results, when the content of medium-chain fatty acids in the oil composition is > 20% by mass, the content of 2M1L triglycerides > 30% by mass, and the content of 2M1L and 1M2L triglycerides > 60% by mass, the liver can be significantly reduced. TG content and serum LDL-C level, so as to better improve lipoprotein metabolism and prevent the occurrence of obese fatty liver; 2M1L type and 1M2L type triglyceride content is higher, the effect is better.

The oil composition of the present invention can reduce the content of triglyceride in the liver, improve the metabolism of lipoprotein, prevent the occurrence of obese fatty liver, and has the same cooking applicability as ordinary edible oil, and can be used instead of ordinary edible oil .

Claims (26)

1. A grease composition, characterized in that, in the grease composition: Medium-chain fatty acids account for 25-35% by mass of the total fatty acids in the oil composition, Triglycerides containing 2 medium-chain fatty acid residues in the molecule account for ≥ 30% by mass of all triglycerides, The proportion of long-chain saturated fatty acids in all long-chain fatty acids constituting the oil composition is ≤ 15% by mass, and The proportion of triglycerides containing three medium-chain fatty acid residues in the total triglycerides is ≤5% by mass. 2. The oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, based on the total weight of the oil composition, the sum of the content of 2M1L type triglyceride and 1M2L type triglyceride in the oil composition is ≥ 60% by mass , wherein, the 2M1L type triglyceride refers to a triglyceride with two medium-chain fatty acid residues and one long-chain fatty acid residue on one triglyceride molecule, and the 1M2L type triglyceride refers to a triglyceride Triglycerides with one medium-chain fatty acid residue and two long-chain fatty acid residues in the molecule. 3. The oil composition according to claim 2, characterized in that, based on the total weight of the oil composition, the sum of the contents of the 2M1L triglyceride and the 1M2L triglyceride is ≥ 70% by mass. 4. The oil composition according to claim 3, characterized in that, based on the total weight of the oil composition, the sum of the contents of the 2M1L triglyceride and the 1M2L triglyceride is ≥80% by mass. 5. The oil composition according to claim 4, characterized in that, based on the total weight of the oil composition, the sum of the contents of the 2M1L triglyceride and the 1M2L triglyceride is ≥90% by mass. 6. The oil composition according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, in the oil composition, the triglyceride containing 3 medium-chain fatty acid residues in the molecule is among all triglycerides The proportion is ≤3% by mass. 7. The grease composition according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, the grease composition also contains one or more antioxidants selected from the group consisting of: tert-butyl hydroquinone, Butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, tocopherol, rosemary extract and tea extract. 8. The grease composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, the grease composition also contains one or more antioxidants selected from the following: tert-butyl hydroquinone, butyl hydroxyanisole, BHT, vitamin E, rosemary extract and tea extract. The oil-fat composition for cooking containing the oil-fat composition in any one of Claims 1-8. 10. A method for preparing any oil and fat composition according to claim 1-8, characterized in that, the method comprises: (1) mixing raw oil and medium-chain triglycerides to obtain a raw material mixture; (2) Make the raw material mixture pass through a packed column of lipase or liver phospholipase A at a flow rate of 0.5-3 times the amount of enzyme per hour, and carry out a transesterification reaction at 30-80°C, wherein the fat added to the packed column The amount of enzyme or liver phospholipase A is 2-14% by mass of the total amount of raw material mixture; and (3) The reaction product is separated and purified by molecular distillation at 160-230° C., and then decolorized and deodorized, so as to prepare the oil composition. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the lipase is selected from lipases of the genera Alcaligenes, Candida, Rhizopus, Mucor or Pseudomonas. 12. The method according to any one of claims 10-11, characterized in that, the raw material oil is natural animal oil, natural animal fat, vegetable oil or vegetable fat, or the raw material oil is the natural animal oil, natural Animal fats, vegetable oils or processed fats from vegetable fats. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the vegetable oil is selected from soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil and rice oil . 14. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, the processed oil is obtained through fractionation and/or transesterification. 15. The method according to any one of claims 10-11, characterized in that, the mixing molar ratio of the raw material oil and the medium-chain triglyceride is 0.25-1.25:1. 16. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the molar ratio of the raw material oil to the medium-chain triglyceride is 0.25-1.25:1. 17. A method for preparing an oil composition according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, the method comprises: mixing the raw oil and medium-chain triglycerides to obtain a raw material mixture; Vacuum-drying the raw material mixture at 90-120°C for 10 minutes, adding 0.1-2% by mass of a catalyst accounting for the total weight of the raw material mixture, so that the raw material oil and medium-chain triglycerides are reacted at a temperature of 90-120°C; Adding a citric acid solution with a concentration of 6-10% according to the total weight of the raw material mixture at 8-12% by mass to terminate the reaction; The reaction product is washed with water until the pH is neutral, dried and decolorized, molecularly distilled at 160-230° C., and deodorized to obtain the oil composition. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of: (1) sodium methoxide; (2) Potassium ethylate; (3) a mixture of NaOH and glycerol; and (4) A mixture of alkali metal and glycerin. 19. The method according to any one of claims 17-18, characterized in that, the raw material oil is natural animal oil, natural animal fat, vegetable oil or vegetable fat, or the raw material oil is the natural animal oil, natural Animal fats, vegetable oils or processed fats from vegetable fats. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the vegetable oil is selected from soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil and rice oil . 21. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, the processed oil is oil obtained through fractionation and/or transesterification. 22. The method according to any one of claims 17-18, characterized in that the mixing molar ratio of the raw material oil and the medium-chain triglyceride is 0.25-1.25:1. 23. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the molar ratio of the raw material oil to the medium-chain triglyceride is 0.25-1.25:1. 24. Use of the oil composition according to any one of claims 1-8 in the preparation of products for reducing liver fat. 25. A food, which contains the fat composition according to any one of claims 1-8 or the fat composition prepared by the method according to any one of claims 10-22. 26. An animal food, which contains the fat composition according to any one of claims 1-8 or the fat composition prepared by the method according to any one of claims 10-22.