CN103358185A - High-rigidity large-torque vertical machining center - Google Patents
High-rigidity large-torque vertical machining center Download PDFInfo
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- CN103358185A CN103358185A CN2013102253541A CN201310225354A CN103358185A CN 103358185 A CN103358185 A CN 103358185A CN 2013102253541 A CN2013102253541 A CN 2013102253541A CN 201310225354 A CN201310225354 A CN 201310225354A CN 103358185 A CN103358185 A CN 103358185A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vertical machining center, in particular to a high-rigidity large-torque vertical machining center. The machining center mainly solves the technical problems that high-grade and low-grade reduction boxes are high in price, high speed gears operate in ultimate states, the failure rate is high, the use and maintenance costs are high, the machining requirements of other reduction ratios such as 1:2/1:3 cannot be met, the rigidity of a spindle is poor, and the tool changing failure frequency is high in vertical machining in the prior art. The machining center comprises a honeycomb type bed, wherein a double-layer ribbed carriage and a workbench are arranged on the honeycomb type bed; a herringbone frame upright is also arranged on the bed and connected with a spindle box by a guide rail in a sliding manner; a ball screw is arranged on the herringbone frame upright; the spindle box is in threaded connection with the ball screw; a tool magazine and an unclamping cylinder is arranged on the spindle box; the spindle box is internally provided with a 1:2/1:4/1:8 speed reducer; a spindle location device is arranged on a spindle of the spindle box; and the vertical machining center is provided with an electric and numerical control system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vertical machining centre, especially relate to a kind of high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre.
Background technology
Existing machining center exists the lathe main axis device rigidity bad; Main shaft is when being lower than rated speed, and main motor current diminishes along with rotating speed is declined to become ratio, causes the bad and energy waste of stock-removing efficiency.
Existing machining center is mainly used in the processing of non-ferrous metal part, ferrous metal part, novel difficult-to-machine material part, for machining accuracy and the stock-removing efficiency that improves part, prior art is toward the high speed and super precision future development, the rotating speed of main shaft is generally at 8000-15000rpm, and electric main shaft reaches more than the 80000rpm; But the cutting moment of torque and effective power are little during the slow-speed of revolution, can not adapt to the requirement of ferrous metal roughing and novel difficult-to-machine material processing.
Prior art adopts high-power main motor to remedy in order to satisfy simultaneously the processing of high speed and high precision processing and low-speed big usually, cause large horse traction pony to cause energy waste, so the problems referred to above fails effectively to be improved; Also can adopt apolegamy high and low shift deceleration device, top-gear ratio is 1:1, is used for high speed and high precision processing, and low-grade speed ratio 1:4 is used for the large load processing of low speed.There is following problem in the machining center of configuration high and low shift reduction box like this:
1. it is high that high and low shift reduction box price, high gear are under the limiting condition job failure rate, and the use and maintenance cost is high;
2. the machining center with the high and low shift reduction box is used for thick fine finishining, and precision can not keep for a long time, in fact fails to reach the blanket purpose of the thick fine finishining of ferrous metal.
3. adopt 1:1/1:4 high and low shift reduction box can not satisfy the requirement of other speed reducing ratio processing; Multiple speed ratio machining center is matched in the segmentation exploitation, can effectively improve the defective of Digit Control Machine Tool homogeneity;
4. existing vertical machining centre is used for the heavy load machining, exists rigidity and moment of torsion not enough, and the problems such as Tool Change Error frequency height need to have comprehensive solution.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre, for ferrous metal processing provides high efficiency, the Digit Control Machine Tool of low energy consumption mainly solves prior art and adopts high-power main motor to cause energy waste; Adopt high and low shift reduction box price, the use and maintenance cost is high; Be used for the heavy load stock-removing machine and exist rigidity not enough, the Tool Change Error frequency is high; Be used for the problems such as ferrous metal processing efficient is low, energy consumption is large.
Above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is solved by following technical proposals:
High rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre of the present invention comprises the honeycomb type lathe bed, and described honeycomb type lathe bed is provided with double-deck close rib saddle, workbench, also is provided with herringbone frame column on the lathe bed; Herringbone frame column connects tool magazine by the tool magazine carriage, is connected with main spindle box by guide rail, by ball screw drive shaft case; Main spindle box is provided with main shaft, knife striking cylinder, also is provided with the belt wheel deceleration device of main motor and 1:2/1:3/1:4/1:8 apolegamy on the main spindle box, and main shaft or main motor are provided with main shaft positioning device, and vertical machining centre is provided with electric and digital control system.
There is the defective of homogeneity in Digit Control Machine Tool market at present, and machine tool structure is identical with the scope of application, and a manufacturing industry sexual demand can not obtain to satisfy effectively.Comprising: although machining center can be applied to the thick fine finishining of ferrous metal, be used for that ferrous metal roughing exists that moment of torsion is little, underpower, efficient is low, energy consumption is large problem; Apolegamy 1:4 high and low shift reduction box, the price maintenance cost is high.Exploitation is applicable to ferrous metal processing, rotating speed is in the 80-4000rpm/40-2000rpm/20-1000rpm scope, be applicable to respectively the thick fine finishining/roughing of ferrous metal/heavy load processing, high rigidity high pulling torque machining center can effectively improve the defective of machining center homogeneity.
As preferably, described main motor connects main shaft by small pulley, Timing Belt, large belt wheel, slows down so that main shaft obtains the one-level belt wheel, and output torque obtains corresponding raising.Adopt the 1:2 synchronous pulley to slow down, main-shaft torque improves 2 times, and the speed of mainshaft is applicable to the thick fine finishining of ferrous metal in the 80-4000rpm scope, through engineer testing: be used for roughing production efficiency and improve more than 50% energy-conservation about 23%; And be applicable to ferrous metal fine finishining more than 90%, all the other High-speed machining can be matched the main shaft speed increaser of maximum speed 12000rpm, have applied widely, simple in structure, the reliable advantage of stable working.
As preferably, described main motor connects the first synchronous pulley by main electrical machine belt pulley, Timing Belt, and the first synchronous pulley connects the second synchronous pulley by the first axle body, and the second synchronous pulley connects main shaft by Timing Belt.Main shaft obtains the two-stage belt wheel and slows down, and the moment of torsion of output is larger.Adopt 1:4 two-stage synchronous pulley to slow down, main-shaft torque is brought up to 4 times, the speed of mainshaft is in the 40-2000rpm scope, be applicable to ferrous metal roughing, through engineer testing: production efficiency improves more than 80%, and energy-conservation about 33%, deleted redundancy function than adopting 1:4 high and low shift reduction box, work more reliable, failure rate is low, purchase cost and maintenance cost are low.
Described main motor connects the first synchronous pulley by main electrical machine belt pulley, Timing Belt, the first synchronous pulley connects the second synchronous pulley by the first axle body, the second synchronous pulley connects the 3rd synchronous pulley by Timing Belt, the 3rd synchronous pulley connects the 4th synchronous pulley by the 4th axis body, the 4th synchronous pulley connects main shaft by Timing Belt, can obtain the speed reducing ratio of 1:8, be applicable to high pulling torque heavy boring, large diameter borehole, the coarse pitch tapping of ferrous metal, be applicable to the rough milling of increasing difficult-to-machine material, heavy boring.
As preferably, described main spindle box is provided with main motor, and main motor connects the first synchronous pulley by electrical machine belt pulley, Timing Belt, and the first synchronous pulley connects main shaft by the first axle body, the first gear, the first gear cross-under can obtain the 1:8 speed reducing ratio on three-axis body.Main motor run up adopt the belt wheel primary speed-down than gear first stage slow down good reliability, vibration is little, noise is low, the scope of application is the same.
As preferably, be connected with the second gear on the described three-axis body, the second gear is engaged with the 3rd gear, and the 3rd gear is fixed with the second axle body by locking nut, and the second axle body lower end is provided with oil pump and is communicated with main spindle box inside.By the oil pump at the 3rd gear place, can carry out fuel feeding to main spindle box, thereby can the parts in the main spindle box be lubricated.The all gear reduction box that 1:8 is above is joined accurate main shaft positioning device, can satisfy more reliably the demand of special user's special procedure.
As preferably, described main shaft positioning device includes mount pad, the base plate that is fixed on the main spindle box, base plate is provided with the coding axle, be connected with the encoder hold-in range wheel on the coding axle, the encoder hold-in range wheel connects main shaft by Timing Belt, the encoder hold-in range wheel connects encoder, structure flexible configuration by the encoder mount pad.
As preferably, described main shaft positioning device includes the encoder that is fixed on the main shaft, perhaps is fixed on the encoder on the main motor, and is simple and reliable for structure.
As preferably, described main shaft positioning device includes the alignment pin that main shaft is provided with, be fixed with sense switch by the sense switch support on the main spindle box, sense switch is approach switch or optoelectronic switch, the main shaft signal that sense switch obtains, being transferred to main motor encoder, having eliminated transmission chain error, is the main shaft positioning device of another form.
Above several main shaft positioning device, be mainly solve main motor apolegamy reduction box after because the driving-chain from main motor to main shaft is elongated, have design error, part's machining errors, the rigging error of deceleration device and use after wear error.Because common encoder is installed on the main motor, the error of above driving-chain is brought error to main shaft orientation, and the positioning accuracy when having influence on the main shaft tool changing is brought high-frequency Tool Change Error.
Because the structure main development direction of existing machining center is high speed and super precision, just take into account for the roughing of ferrous metal.The present invention is on the basis of finite element analysis and lathe rigidity mensuration, the lathe rigidity was not enough when discovery was cut in heavy load, especially the main shaft device rigidity is not enough, weakest link is that main spindle box contacts the rigidity deficiency with column guide rail, column guide rail adopts specification larger for this reason, rigidity is better, and more line slideway is conducive to improve column and main spindle box guiding rail contact stiffness.When the present invention has carried out the optimization of complete machine rigidity to lathe bed, saddle, workbench, column, main spindle box main member, also improved the contact stiffness of main spindle box and column guide rail.
As preferably, the guide rail of described herringbone frame column is the straight ball-guide larger than the guide rail specification of workbench, or the higher straight line roller guide of rigidity, or more line slideway.
As preferably, the guide rail of described herringbone frame column is more more than the rail plate of workbench, or the rail plate larger than table slide width; Column and main spindle box are rail plates, and then adopting uses the same method is optimized.
As preferably, the rotating speed of described main motor is 6000rpm/8000rpm/10000rpm/12000rpm/15000rpm, is conducive to satisfy different industries, the individual sexual demand of different user, and exploitation forms the vertical machining centre product of function segmentation.
As preferably, described main shaft lower end is equipped with the main shaft speed increaser 40 that maximum speed is 12000rpm.High rigidity high pulling torque machining center slow down to obtain high pulling torque by belt wheel, and when the speed of mainshaft can not reach fine finishining and needs, apolegamy main shaft speed increaser can effectively enlarge the scope of application.
The present invention has high rigidity, high efficiency, highly reliable; Low-cost, high pulling torque and energy-conservation comprehensive beneficial effect.
1. carried out the machine tool structure improvement in finite element analysis and rigidity mensuration basis: complete machine structure is optimized, and static rigidity is improved; Main spindle box contacts rigidity with the guide rail of column and is improved;
2. mix deceleration with belt wheel by belt wheel, when main motor speed was lower than rated speed, the cutting moment of torque improved 2-8 doubly, improves 50-80% by process determining production efficiency;
3. by the choose reasonable speed reducing ratio, can make the speed of mainshaft satisfy the requirement of optimized cutting linear velocity, main motor is worked in the rated speed scope.Through process determining: the ferrous metal batch machining adopts respectively the machining center of different speed reducing ratio according to the principle of thick essence classification, can not only enhance productivity, and reasonably combined can energy-conservation 23-33%;
4. by the main shaft accurate-location device, efficiently solve the position error problem that spindle drive chain error causes, reduced the tool magazine Tool Change Error, improved the main shaft orientation technological problemses such as tapping, bore hole, improve the lathe integrity problem;
5. belt wheel and belt wheel mixing deceleration device have advantages of that transmission chain error is little, stable working, low cost, high reliability;
The present invention solves ferrous metal processing and novel hard-cutting material processing, the integrity problems such as the moment of torsion of existence and rigidity deficiency, main shaft orientation more fully in sum.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a kind of structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Accompanying drawing 2 is left TV structure schematic diagrames of Fig. 1;
Accompanying drawing 3 is right TV structure schematic diagrames of Fig. 1;
Accompanying drawing 4 is structural representations of the embodiment of the invention 1 main spindle box;
Accompanying drawing 5 is a kind of structural representations of the embodiment of the invention 2;
Accompanying drawing 6 is left TV structure schematic diagrames of Fig. 5;
Accompanying drawing 7 is structural representations of the embodiment of the invention 2 main spindle boxes;
Accompanying drawing 8 is structural representations of the embodiment of the invention 3 main spindle boxes;
Accompanying drawing 9 is structural representations of the embodiment of the invention 4 main spindle boxes;
Accompanying drawing 10 is syndeton schematic diagrames of oil pump of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 11 is structural representations of the embodiment of the invention 5 main spindle boxes;
Accompanying drawing 12 is structural representations of the embodiment of the invention 6 main spindle boxes.
Parts among the figure, position and numbering: honeycomb type lathe bed 1, double-deck close rib saddle 2, workbench 3, herringbone frame column 4, main spindle box 5, ball screw 6, tool magazine 7, knife striking cylinder 8, main shaft 9, main motor 10, main electrical machine belt pulley 11, Timing Belt 12, the first synchronous pulley 13, the first axle body 14, the second synchronous pulley 15, the first gear 16, the second gear 17, the 3rd gear 18, locking nut 19, the second axle body 20, oil pump 21, mount pad 22, base plate 23, coding axle 24, encoder hold-in range wheel 25, encoder mount pad 26, encoder 27, sense switch support 28, sense switch 29, table slide 30, straight ball-guide 31, rail plate 32, three-axis body 33 small pulleys 34, large belt wheel 35, spindle encoder 36, the 3rd synchronous pulley 37, the 4th axis body 38, the 4th synchronous pulley 39, main shaft speed increaser 40.
The specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, and by reference to the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1: the high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre of this example, such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, comprise honeycomb type lathe bed 1, the honeycomb type lathe bed is provided with double-deck close rib saddle 2, workbench 3, also be provided with herringbone frame column 4 on the lathe bed, herringbone frame column slidely connects main spindle box 5 by guide rail, and workbench 3 is provided with table slide 30, and the guide rail of herringbone frame column 4 is the straight ball-guide 31 larger than table slide specification.Herringbone frame column is provided with ball screw 6, the main spindle box ball screw that is threaded, main spindle box is provided with tool magazine 7, knife striking cylinder 8, the main shaft 9 of main spindle box is provided with main shaft positioning device, such as Fig. 4, main shaft positioning device includes the alignment pin that main shaft 9 is provided with, and is fixed with sense switch 29 by sense switch support 28 on the main spindle box, and sense switch is approach switch or optoelectronic switch.Vertical machining centre is provided with electric and digital control system.Main spindle box is provided with main motor 10, and main motor connects the first synchronous pulley 13, the first synchronous pulleys by main electrical machine belt pulley 11, Timing Belt 12 and connects the second synchronous pulley 15, the second synchronous pulleys by Timing Belt connection main shaft 9 by the first axle body 14.
During use, workpiece is fixed on the workbench 3, adjusts the position of workbench by the screw mandrel of workbench, adjust again the position of main spindle box 5 by ball screw 6.After main motor 10 starts, by the transmission of main electrical machine belt pulley 11, the first synchronous pulley 13, the second synchronous pulley 15, so that main shaft 9 starts working, thereby workpiece is processed.
Embodiment 2: the high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre of this example, such as Fig. 5, Fig. 6, comprise honeycomb type lathe bed 1, the honeycomb type lathe bed is provided with double-deck close rib saddle 2, workbench 3, also be provided with herringbone frame column 4 on the lathe bed, herringbone frame column slidely connects main spindle box 5 by guide rail, and workbench 3 is provided with table slide 30, and the guide rail of herringbone frame column is the guide rail 32 larger than table slide width.Herringbone frame column is provided with ball screw 6, the main spindle box ball screw that is threaded, main spindle box is provided with tool magazine 7, knife striking cylinder 8, the main shaft 9 of main spindle box is provided with main shaft positioning device, such as Fig. 7, main shaft positioning device includes the alignment pin that main shaft 9 is provided with, and is fixed with sense switch 29 by sense switch support 28 on the main spindle box, and sense switch is approach switch or optoelectronic switch.Vertical machining centre is provided with electric and digital control system.Main spindle box is provided with main motor 10, and main motor connects the first synchronous pulley 13, the first synchronous pulleys by main electrical machine belt pulley 11, Timing Belt 12 and connects main shaft by the first axle body 14, the first gear 16, and the first gear cross-under is on three-axis body 33.Such as Figure 10, be connected with the second gear 17, the second gears on the three-axis body and be engaged with the 3rd gear 18, the three gears and be fixed with the second axle body 20 by locking nut 19, the second axle body lower end is provided with oil pump 21, and to be communicated with main spindle boxes inner.
During use, workpiece is fixed on the workbench 3, adjusts the position of workbench by the screw mandrel of workbench, adjust again the position of main spindle box 5 by ball screw 6.After main motor 10 starts, by the transmission of main electrical machine belt pulley 11, the first synchronous pulley 13, the first gear 16, so that main shaft 9 starts working, thereby workpiece is processed.
Embodiment 3: the high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre of this example, such as Fig. 8, main shaft positioning device includes mount pad 22, the base plate 23 that is fixed on the main spindle box, base plate is provided with coding axle 24, be connected with encoder hold-in range wheel 25 on the coding axle, the encoder hold-in range wheel connects main shaft 9 by Timing Belt, and the encoder hold-in range wheel connects encoder 27 by encoder mount pad 26.Vertical machining centre is provided with electric and digital control system.Main spindle box is provided with main motor 10, and main motor connects the first synchronous pulley 13, the first synchronous pulleys by main electrical machine belt pulley 11, Timing Belt 12 and connects main shaft by the first axle body 14, the first gear 16, and the first gear cross-under is on three-axis body 33.The main shaft lower end is equipped with main shaft speed increaser 40.
All the other are with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 4: the high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre of this example, such as Fig. 9, main motor 10 connects main shaft 9 by small pulley 34, Timing Belt 12, large belt wheel 35.
All the other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5: the high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre of this example, such as Figure 11, main shaft positioning device includes the spindle encoder 36 that is fixed on the main shaft 9.
All the other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6: the high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre of this example, such as Figure 12, main motor 10 connects the first synchronous pulley 13 by main electrical machine belt pulley 11, Timing Belt 12, the first synchronous pulley connects the second synchronous pulley 15 by the first axle body 14, the second synchronous pulley connects the 3rd synchronous pulley 37 by Timing Belt, the 3rd synchronous pulley connects the 4th synchronous pulley 39, the four synchronous pulleys by the 4th axis body 38 and connects main shaft 9 by Timing Belt.
All the other are with embodiment 1.
The above only is specific embodiments of the invention, but architectural feature of the present invention is not limited to this, and any those skilled in the art is in the field of the invention, and the variation of doing or modification all are encompassed among the claim of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. one kind high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre comprises honeycomb type lathe bed (1), it is characterized in that described honeycomb type lathe bed (1) is provided with double-deck close rib saddle (2), workbench (3), also is provided with herringbone frame column (4) on the lathe bed; Herringbone frame column connects tool magazine by tool magazine carriage (11), is connected with main spindle box (5) by guide rail, by ball screw (6) drive shaft case; Main spindle box is provided with main shaft (9), knife striking cylinder (8), also is provided with main motor and belt wheel deceleration device on the main spindle box, and main shaft or main motor are provided with main shaft positioning device, and vertical machining centre is provided with electric and digital control system.
2. high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre according to claim 1 is characterized in that described main motor (10) connects main shaft (9) by small pulley (34), Timing Belt (12), large belt wheel (35).
3. high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described main motor (10) connects the first synchronous pulley (13) by main electrical machine belt pulley (11), Timing Belt (12), the first synchronous pulley connects the second synchronous pulley (15) by the first axle body (14), and the second synchronous pulley connects main shaft (9) by Timing Belt.
4. high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described main motor (10) connects the first synchronous pulley (13) by main electrical machine belt pulley (11), Timing Belt (12), the first synchronous pulley connects the second synchronous pulley (15) by the first axle body (14), the second synchronous pulley connects the 3rd synchronous pulley (37) by Timing Belt, the 3rd synchronous pulley connects the 4th synchronous pulley (39) by the 4th axis body (38), and the 4th synchronous pulley connects main shaft (9) by Timing Belt.
5. high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described main spindle box (5) is provided with main motor (10), main motor connects the first synchronous pulley (13) by electrical machine belt pulley (11), Timing Belt (12), the first synchronous pulley connects main shaft (9) by the first axle body (14), the first gear (16), and the first gear cross-under is on three-axis body (33).
6. high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre according to claim 5, it is characterized in that being connected with on the described three-axis body (33) the second gear (17), the second gear is engaged with the 3rd gear (18), the 3rd gear is fixed with the second axle body (20) by locking nut (19), and the second axle body lower end is provided with oil pump (21) and is communicated with main spindle box (5) inside.
7. high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described main shaft positioning device includes mount pad (22), the base plate (23) that is fixed on the main spindle box (5), base plate is provided with coding axle (24), be connected with encoder hold-in range wheel (25) on the coding axle, the encoder hold-in range wheel connects main shaft (9) by Timing Belt, and the encoder hold-in range wheel connects encoder (27) by encoder mount pad (26).
8. high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre according to claim 1 is characterized in that described main shaft positioning device includes the spindle encoder (36) that is fixed on the main shaft (9), perhaps is fixed on the encoder on the main motor.
9. high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described main shaft positioning device is the alignment pin that main shaft (9) is provided with, main spindle box (5) is upper to be fixed with sense switch (29) by sense switch support (28), and sense switch is approach switch or optoelectronic switch.
10. high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre according to claim 1, the guide rail that it is characterized in that described herringbone frame column (4) is the straight ball-guide (31) larger than the guide rail specification of workbench (3), or the higher straight line roller guide of rigidity, or more line slideway.
11. high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the guide rail of described herringbone frame column (4) for more more than the rail plate of workbench (3), or the rail plate larger than table slide width (32).
12. high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre according to claim 1, the rotating speed that it is characterized in that described main motor (10) is 6000rpm/8000rpm/10000rpm/12000rpm/15000rpm.
13. high rigidity high pulling torque vertical machining centre according to claim 1 is characterized in that described main shaft (9) lower end is equipped with the main shaft speed increaser (40) that rotating speed is 6000rpm/8000rpm/10000rpm/12000rpm.
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| CN103624554A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-03-12 | 南通国盛机电集团有限公司 | Vertical machining center and universal part for vertical machining center and horizontal machining center |
| CN104875026A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-09-02 | 重庆麦斯特精密机械有限公司 | Numerical-control gantry machining center |
| CN105127843A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2015-12-09 | 普瑞赛斯（厦门）机械科技有限公司 | Practical processing center |
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| CN107877172A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-06 | 广东大群数控机床有限公司 | One kind bores milling compounding machine |
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