CN103344194B - Phase-shifting fiber Bragg grating strain sensing system based on photoelectric oscillator - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种基于光电振荡器的相移光纤布拉格光栅应变传感系统，包括：一波长可调谐激光器；一偏振控制器的输入端与波长可调谐激光器的输出端相连接；一相位调制器的光输入端与偏振控制器的输出端相连接；一光环形器的a端与相位调制器的输出端相连接；一π相移布拉格光纤光栅的一端与光环形器的b端相连接；一光电探测器的输入端与光环形器的c端相连接；一微波功率分束器的输入端与光电探测器的输出端相连接；一微波功率放大器的输入端与微波功率分束器的第一输出端相连接，该微波功率放大器的输出端与相位调制器的射频输入端相连接；一频谱仪的输入端与微波功率分束器的第二输出端相连接。
A phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating strain sensing system based on an optoelectronic oscillator, comprising: a wavelength tunable laser; an input end of a polarization controller connected to an output end of the wavelength tunable laser; an optical input of a phase modulator The end is connected with the output end of the polarization controller; the a end of an optical circulator is connected with the output end of the phase modulator; one end of a π phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating is connected with the b end of the optical circulator; a photodetector The input end of the device is connected with the c end of the optical circulator; the input end of a microwave power beam splitter is connected with the output end of the photodetector; the input end of a microwave power amplifier is connected with the first output of the microwave power beam splitter The output end of the microwave power amplifier is connected with the radio frequency input end of the phase modulator; the input end of a spectrum analyzer is connected with the second output end of the microwave power beam splitter.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于光纤传感领域，特别涉及一种基于光电振荡器的相移光纤布拉格光栅应变传感系统。The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a phase shift optical fiber Bragg grating strain sensing system based on a photoelectric oscillator.
背景技术Background technique
光纤传感是21世纪传感技术的一个重要领域，其发展直接影响到许多行业的进步。光纤布拉格光栅传感器是一种波长调制型光纤传感器，其机理是通过外界物理参量对光纤布拉格波长的调制来获取传感信息。由于其具有不受电磁干扰影响、电绝缘性好、体积小、重量轻、传输容量大、测试范围广等传统传感器所不具备的优势而备受人们亲睐。Optical fiber sensing is an important field of sensing technology in the 21st century, and its development directly affects the progress of many industries. Fiber Bragg grating sensor is a wavelength modulation optical fiber sensor. Its mechanism is to obtain sensing information by modulating the fiber Bragg wavelength with external physical parameters. Because of its advantages that traditional sensors do not have, such as not being affected by electromagnetic interference, good electrical insulation, small size, light weight, large transmission capacity, and wide testing range, it is favored by people.
外界物理参量引起的光纤布拉格波长的移动，可以通过光学滤波器例如边缘滤波器、光纤法布里-珀罗振荡器、双臂干涉仪等波长解调测得。传感分辨率取决于用于波长解调的光学滤波器。凭借其非常窄的谐振响应特性，π相移布拉格光纤光栅被广泛用于提高波长解码分辨率。目前，最新的波长解码方案可以实现分辨率达到1pm。但是，这些方案都无法避免分辨率与测量范围之间的相互制约，即分辨率的提高会导致测量范围的减少，反之亦然。The shift of fiber Bragg wavelength caused by external physical parameters can be measured by wavelength demodulation of optical filters such as edge filters, fiber Fabry-Perot oscillators, and dual-arm interferometers. Sensing resolution depends on the optical filters used for wavelength demodulation. With their very narrow resonant response characteristics, π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings are widely used to improve wavelength decoding resolution. At present, the latest wavelength decoding scheme can achieve a resolution of 1pm. However, none of these solutions can avoid the mutual restriction between the resolution and the measurement range, that is, the improvement of the resolution will lead to the reduction of the measurement range, and vice versa.
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种基于光电振荡器的相移光纤布拉格光栅应变传感系统，通过将光域的波长移动转换成电域的微波信号频率移动实现对相移光纤布拉格光栅应变量的精确测量，避免了分辨率与测量范围之间的相互制约，具有分辨率高、信噪比高、测量范围广等优点。In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating strain sensing system based on an optoelectronic oscillator, which realizes the phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating strain sensing system by converting the wavelength shift in the optical domain into the microwave signal frequency shift in the electrical domain. The precise measurement of variables avoids the mutual restriction between resolution and measurement range, and has the advantages of high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, and wide measurement range.
本发明提供一种基于光电振荡器的相移光纤布拉格光栅应变传感系统，包括：The invention provides a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating strain sensing system based on a photoelectric oscillator, comprising:
一波长可调谐激光器，该波长可调谐激光器呈单纵模输出；A wavelength tunable laser, the wavelength tunable laser is a single longitudinal mode output;
一偏振控制器，该偏振控制器的输入端与波长可调谐激光器的输出端相连接，用以调节波长可调谐激光器输出光的偏振态，减少光在传输过程中的偏振相关损耗；A polarization controller, the input end of the polarization controller is connected to the output end of the wavelength tunable laser, which is used to adjust the polarization state of the output light of the wavelength tunable laser, and reduce the polarization-dependent loss in the transmission process of light;
一相位调制器，该相位调制器的光输入端与偏振控制器的输出端相连接，用于对输入光信号进行相位调制；A phase modulator, the optical input end of the phase modulator is connected to the output end of the polarization controller, and is used for phase modulation of the input optical signal;
一光环形器，该光环形器的a端与相位调制器的输出端相连接；An optical circulator, the a end of the optical circulator is connected with the output end of the phase modulator;
一π相移布拉格光纤光栅，该π相移布拉格光纤光栅的一端与光环形器的b端相连接，用于滤除调制光信号中的特定调制频率；A π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating, one end of the π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating is connected to the b-end of the optical circulator, and is used to filter out a specific modulation frequency in the modulated optical signal;
一光电探测器，该光电探测器的输入端与光环形器的c端相连接；A photodetector, the input end of the photodetector is connected with the c end of the optical circulator;
一微波功率分束器，该微波功率分束器的输入端与光电探测器的输出端相连接；A microwave power beam splitter, the input end of the microwave power beam splitter is connected to the output end of the photodetector;
一微波功率放大器，该微波功率放大器的输入端与微波功率分束器的第一输出端相连接，该微波功率放大器的输出端与相位调制器的射频输入端相连接，用以放大光电探测器拍频微波信号功率；A microwave power amplifier, the input end of the microwave power amplifier is connected with the first output end of the microwave power beam splitter, the output end of the microwave power amplifier is connected with the radio frequency input end of the phase modulator, in order to amplify the photodetector Beat frequency microwave signal power;
一频谱仪，该频谱仪的输入端与微波功率分束器的第二输出端相连接。A spectrum analyzer, the input end of the spectrum analyzer is connected with the second output end of the microwave power beam splitter.
从上述技术方案可以看出，本发明具有以下有益效果：As can be seen from the foregoing technical solutions, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.本发明提供的基于光电振荡器的相移光纤布拉格光栅应变传感系统，是将相移光纤布拉格光栅的应变转换为谐振波长的移动，其波长分辨率仅受制于振荡器振荡模式间隔，并最终在电域上进行测量，因而具有很高的分辨率，即可探测非常微小的应变量。1. The phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating strain sensing system based on the photoelectric oscillator provided by the present invention is to convert the strain of the phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating into the movement of the resonance wavelength, and its wavelength resolution is only limited by the oscillation mode interval of the oscillator. And finally, the measurement is performed on the electric domain, so it has a very high resolution, and can detect very small strains.
2.本发明提供的基于光电振荡器的相移光纤布拉格光栅应变传感系统，由于光电振荡器的使用，能够很好地抑制相位噪声，波长移动(也就是频率移动)的解调信噪比大幅提高。2. The phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating strain sensing system based on the photoelectric oscillator provided by the present invention, due to the use of the photoelectric oscillator, can suppress phase noise well, and the demodulation signal-to-noise ratio of wavelength shift (that is, frequency shift) A substantial increase.
3.本发明提供的基于光电振荡器的相移光纤布拉格光栅应变传感系统，通过提高微波功率放大器、相位调制器、光电探测器以及相移布拉格光纤光栅的带宽，可以使得其测量范围达到几十吉赫兹，克服了分辨率与测量范围之间的相互制约。3. The phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating strain sensing system based on the photoelectric oscillator provided by the present invention can make its measurement range reach several Ten gigahertz, to overcome the mutual constraints between resolution and measurement range.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了进一步说明本发明的技术内容，下面结合说明书附图对本发明作详细的阐述，其中：In order to further illustrate the technical contents of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
图1为本发明结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2为本发明原理示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention;
图3为系统产生的谐振波频谱图；Fig. 3 is the resonant wave spectrum diagram that the system produces;
图4为系统相位噪声频谱图；Fig. 4 is a system phase noise spectrum diagram;
图5为本发明在不同应变下产生的微波信号频谱图；Fig. 5 is the microwave signal spectrogram that the present invention produces under different strains;
图6为应变量与系统产生的微波信号频率之间的关系图。Fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the strain amount and the frequency of the microwave signal generated by the system.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
请参阅图1所示，本发明提供一种基于光电振荡器的相移光纤布拉格光栅应变传感系统，包括：Please refer to shown in Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of phase-shift fiber Bragg grating strain sensing system based on photoelectric oscillator, comprising:
一波长可调谐激光器1，该波长可调谐激光器1呈单纵模输出，所述波长可调谐激光器1是外腔激光器、采样光栅半导体激光器或是光纤激光器；A wavelength tunable laser 1, the wavelength tunable laser 1 has a single longitudinal mode output, and the wavelength tunable laser 1 is an external cavity laser, a sampling grating semiconductor laser or a fiber laser;
一偏振控制器2，该偏振控制器2的输入端与波长可调谐激光器1的输出端相连接，用以调节波长可调谐激光器输出光的偏振态，减少光在传输过程中的偏振相关损耗；A polarization controller 2, the input end of the polarization controller 2 is connected to the output end of the wavelength tunable laser 1, and is used to adjust the polarization state of the output light of the wavelength tunable laser, and reduce the polarization-dependent loss in the transmission process of light;
一相位调制器3，该相位调制器3的光输入端与偏振控制器2的输出端相连接，用于对输入光信号进行相位调制；A phase modulator 3, the optical input end of the phase modulator 3 is connected to the output end of the polarization controller 2, and is used for phase modulation of the input optical signal;
一光环形器4，该环形器4的a端与相位调制器3的输出端相连接；An optical circulator 4, the a end of the circulator 4 is connected with the output end of the phase modulator 3;
一π相移布拉格光纤光栅5，该π相移布拉格光纤光栅5的一端与光环形器4的b端相连接，用于滤除调制光信号中的特定调制频率；A π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating 5, one end of the π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating 5 is connected to the b-end of the optical circulator 4, and is used to filter out a specific modulation frequency in the modulated optical signal;
一光电探测器6，该光电探测器6的输入端与光环形器4的c端相连接；A photodetector 6, the input end of the photodetector 6 is connected with the c end of the optical circulator 4;
一微波功率分束器7，该微波功率分束器7的输入端与光电探测器6的输出端相连接；A microwave power beam splitter 7, the input end of the microwave power beam splitter 7 is connected with the output end of the photodetector 6;
一微波功率放大器8，该微波功率放大器8的输入端与微波功率分束器7的第一输出端相连接，该微波功率放大器8的输出端与相位调制器3的射频输入端相连接，用以放大光电探测器拍频微波信号功率；A microwave power amplifier 8, the input end of this microwave power amplifier 8 is connected with the first output end of microwave power beam splitter 7, the output end of this microwave power amplifier 8 is connected with the radio frequency input end of phase modulator 3, uses To amplify the power of the photodetector beat frequency microwave signal;
一频谱仪9，该频谱仪9的输入端与微波功率分束器7的第二输出端相连接。A spectrum analyzer 9, the input end of the spectrum analyzer 9 is connected with the second output end of the microwave power beam splitter 7.
其中可调谐激光器1与偏振控制器2之间、相位调制器3与偏振控制器2之间、光环行器4与相位调制器3之间、π相移布拉格光纤光栅5与光环形器4之间、光电探测器6与光环行器4之间用标准单模光纤连接，其余器件之间用标准射频连接线连接。Among them, between the tunable laser 1 and the polarization controller 2, between the phase modulator 3 and the polarization controller 2, between the optical circulator 4 and the phase modulator 3, between the π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating 5 and the optical circulator 4 Between the photodetector 6 and the optical circulator 4 are connected by a standard single-mode optical fiber, and the rest of the devices are connected by a standard radio frequency connection line.
参阅图2所示，本发明原理如下：Referring to shown in Fig. 2, principle of the present invention is as follows:
波长可调谐激光器1产生的光ω0进入相位调制器3进行相位调制，系统刚开始工作时，调制信号为系统噪声，其具有很宽的频率成分，因而调制后的信号具有很多边带。调制后的信号通过光环行器4进入π相移布拉格光纤光栅5，当其中一个边带ω0-ωe位于π相移布拉格光纤光栅5反射谱中很窄的透射窗口时将被滤除，对应的边带ω0+ωe通过光环行器4进入光电探测器6与光载波ω0拍频产生频率为ωe的微波。其他边带进入光电探测器6，由于其上边带与载波的拍频信号和对应的下边带与载波的拍频信号相位相反，因而相互抵消，只产生直流信号。拍频产生的频率为ωe的微波经过微波分束器7，一部分输入到频谱仪9中，一部分通过微波功率放大器8后输入到相位调制器3，继续对波长可调谐激光器1输入光进行调制，形成光电反馈回路。如此往复，频率为ωe的微波就会由小逐渐变大，建立自激振荡并最终达到稳定，即构成了光电振荡器结构。当外界环境引起π相移布拉格光纤光栅5发生应变时，其透射窗口也将产生相应的移动，光域的波长移动最终转换成电域的微波信号频率移动，从而实现了对π相移光纤布拉格光栅5应变量的精确测量。The light ω 0 generated by the wavelength tunable laser 1 enters the phase modulator 3 for phase modulation. When the system starts to work, the modulated signal is system noise with wide frequency components, so the modulated signal has many sidebands. The modulated signal enters the π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating 5 through the optical circulator 4, and will be filtered out when one of the sidebands ω 0 -ω e is located in a very narrow transmission window in the reflection spectrum of the π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating 5, The corresponding sideband ω 0 +ω e enters the photodetector 6 through the optical circulator 4 and beats with the optical carrier ω 0 to generate microwaves with a frequency of ω e . Other sidebands enter the photodetector 6, because the upper sideband and the beat frequency signal of the carrier and the corresponding lower sideband and the beat frequency signal of the carrier are in opposite phases, so they cancel each other out and only generate a DC signal. The microwave with frequency ω e generated by the beat frequency passes through the microwave beam splitter 7, a part of it is input to the spectrum analyzer 9, and a part of it passes through the microwave power amplifier 8 and then is input to the phase modulator 3 to continue modulating the input light of the wavelength tunable laser 1 , forming a photoelectric feedback loop. Reciprocating in this way, the microwave with frequency ω e will gradually increase from small to large, establish self-excited oscillation and finally reach stability, that is, the structure of the photoelectric oscillator is formed. When the external environment causes strain on the π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating 5, its transmission window will also move accordingly, and the wavelength shift in the optical domain will eventually be converted into a microwave signal frequency shift in the electrical domain, thereby realizing the π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating. Accurate measurement of grating 5 strain.
图3为系统产生的谐振波频谱图，其谱型与π相移布拉格光纤光栅5反射谱中的透射窗口对应。由于透射窗口很狭窄，因而得到的谐振波单频性好。光电振荡器具有较高的Q值，能够很好地抑制相位噪声，因此波长移动(也就是频率移动)的解调信噪比大幅提高。Fig. 3 is a spectrum diagram of the resonant wave generated by the system, and its spectrum type corresponds to the transmission window in the reflection spectrum of the π phase-shifted Bragg grating 5 . Since the transmission window is very narrow, the obtained resonance wave has good single frequency. The photoelectric oscillator has a high Q value and can suppress phase noise very well, so the demodulation signal-to-noise ratio of wavelength shifting (that is, frequency shifting) is greatly improved.
图4为系统相位噪声频谱图，在远离谐振波中心频率fr处会出现等频率间隔(频率间隔也为fr)的振荡峰，该振荡峰之间的频率间隔对应于系统光电振荡器纵模间隔。当外界环境引起π相移布拉格光纤光栅5谐振波长发生变化时，系统输出的微波信号将以分辨率为fr的频率移动。通过增加光电振荡器谐振腔长，很容易得到较高的系统分辨率。Figure 4 is the system phase noise spectrum diagram. Oscillation peaks with equal frequency intervals (frequency interval is also fr) will appear far away from the center frequency fr of the resonant wave. The frequency interval between the oscillation peaks corresponds to the longitudinal mode interval of the system optoelectronic oscillator. When the resonant wavelength of the π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating 5 changes due to the external environment, the microwave signal output by the system will move at a frequency with a resolution of fr. By increasing the length of the resonant cavity of the photoelectric oscillator, it is easy to obtain a higher system resolution.
图5为本发明在不同应变下产生的微波信号频谱图，不同的应变使π相移布拉格光纤光栅5透射窗口发生相应的移动，从而得到不同的谐振峰输出，实现了光域的波长移动转换成电域的微波信号频率移动。通过提高微波功率放大器8、相位调制器2、光电探测器6以及π相移布拉格光纤光栅5的带宽，测量范围达到几十吉赫兹，克服了分辨率与测量范围之间的相互制约。Fig. 5 is the spectrum diagram of the microwave signal generated under different strains in the present invention. Different strains cause the transmission window of the π-phase shifted fiber Bragg grating 5 to move accordingly, thereby obtaining different resonant peak outputs and realizing wavelength shift conversion in the optical domain. The frequency shift of the microwave signal into the electrical domain. By increasing the bandwidth of microwave power amplifier 8, phase modulator 2, photodetector 6 and π-phase-shifted Bragg grating 5, the measurement range reaches tens of gigahertz, which overcomes the mutual restriction between resolution and measurement range.
图6为应变量与系统产生的微波信号频率之间的关系图，从关系图看出，通过测得的谐振峰频率可以得知π相移布拉格光纤光栅5产生的应变量，即通过波长解码实现了传感功能。Fig. 6 is a relationship diagram between the strain amount and the frequency of the microwave signal generated by the system. It can be seen from the relationship diagram that the strain amount generated by the π-phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating 5 can be known through the measured resonant peak frequency, that is, through the wavelength decoding Realized the sensing function.
以上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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