CN103340072B - Fritillaria cirrhosa cultivating method free of weeding - Google Patents
Fritillaria cirrhosa cultivating method free of weeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN103340072B CN103340072B CN201310246634.0A CN201310246634A CN103340072B CN 103340072 B CN103340072 B CN 103340072B CN 201310246634 A CN201310246634 A CN 201310246634A CN 103340072 B CN103340072 B CN 103340072B
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- 241001547127 Fritillaria cirrhosa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fritillaria cirrhosa cultivating method free of weeding. The method includes the following steps that (1), furrow preparation and seeding: the furrow preparation is performed after plowing, and fritillaria cirrhosa seeds are sown; (2), mulching film covering: a furrow face is covered by a mulching film, and the thickness of the mulching film is 0.008-0.12mm; (3), straw covering: straws are taken and are evenly arranged on the mulching film in a covering mode, a net is added to fix the straws, and the thickness of the straws is 1-6cm; (4), mulching film and net removing: when the seeds sprout, the mulching film and the net are removed, and the straws are made to evenly cover the furrow face; (5), sunshelter constructing: after seedling emergence, a sunshelter is constructed. The cultivating method free of weeding is low in production cost and has good application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of release grass cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae.
Background technology
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae bitter, sweet, cold nature.Return lung, the heart channel of Hang-Shaoyin.Have clearing heat and moistening lung, the function of preventing phlegm from forming and stopping coughing, for lung-heat type cough, the few phlegm of dry cough, deficiency of Yin labor is coughed, and coughs up sputum streaked with blood etc.Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae medicinal material is liliaceous plant Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don, Fritillaria unibracteata Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia, Gansu bulb of fritillary Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim., Bulbus Fritillariae cirrhosae Fritillaria delavayi Franch., taipei fritillary bulb Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li or watt cloth bulb of fritillary Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia var.wabuensis (S.Y.Tang et S.C.Yueh) Z.D.Liu, the dry bulb of S.Wang et S.C.Chen.Main product is in Sichuan Province's Aba Prefecture, Ganzi and adjacent Qinghai, Gansu, Tibet border land height above sea level 2600 to 4500 meters of hillside thick grasses or dark and damp little shrubbery.
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae likes the weather conditions cooled, and has cold-resistant, to like wet, be afraid of high temperature, happiness concealment characteristic.Temperature reaches 30 DEG C or ground temperature more than 25 DEG C, and plant will wither; Can not survive in the area that height above sea level is low, temperature is high.Fritillaria cirrhosa seeds has after ripening characteristic, and temperature is at 5 ~ 25 DEG C, and under keeping certain damp condition, embryo continues differentiation.The First Year of insemination and emergence, plant is very thin, only 1 leaf; Leaf is large as pin, claims needle.2nd year tool list leaf 1-3 sheet, blade face is launched, and claims ribbon leaf.Within 3rd year, put forth and do not bloom, claim tree stump.Within 4th year, put forth and bloom, the florescence claims lantern, and the fruit phase claims fruit to be Eight Diagrams hammers.Namely start to grow bulb at Seedling Stage, only the grain of rice is large, increases with plant development later every year.About 90 ~ 120 days vegetative period in year of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae plant.
Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae commodity mainly rely on wild resource; along with the raising of people's living standard; the demand of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is increasing; but because predatoriness is excavated; wild Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae resource but reduces gradually; can not meet the need of market far away, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae artificial planting is met the need of market, the only way which must be passed of protection wild resource.
Plantation Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae should select the leeward Yinshan Mountains or half Yinshan Mountains to be advisable, and away from wheat crops, prevents rust from infecting, and the loam of humus or oily sandy soil are loosened, are rich in, quality deep with soil layer as well.Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, based on seminal propagation, will carry out cultivation and the process of seed before sowing.Generally sowed before 9 ~ late October.After planting, before emerging spring, throw off furrow face covering, a point furrow scaffolding shades.With seminal propagation, sow and can gather in the crops for 3 or 4 years.Bulb breeding, sow to fall the 2nd year 6 ~ July after seedling and gather in the crops.Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is grown on the high and cold area of height above sea level about 3000 meters, damage by disease and insect is less, but weed growth is vigorous, at present, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae plantation mainly adopts artificial weeding, time-consuming, and weeding expense accounts for the over half of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae plantation labour cost, and Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae is extremely tender and lovely, weeding process is very easily damaged to Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a kind of release grass cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae.
The release grass cultivation method of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae of the present invention, it comprises the steps:
(1) whole furrow and sowing: dig rear whole furrow, broadcast fritillaria cirrhosa seeds;
(2) covering with plastic film: covering with plastic film on furrow face, ground film thickness is 0.008-0.012mm;
(3) stalks mulching: get stalk uniform fold on mulch film, screening fixes stalk, stalk thickness is 1-6cm;
(4) remove mulch film and net: during seed germination, removing mulch film and net, make stalk uniform fold on furrow face;
(5) build cool canopy: after emerging, build cool canopy.
The method that the described whole furrow of step (1) and sowing adopt is: humus soil seed being admixed 5 ~ 20 mesh sieves, mixes seed ash, and in described seed ash, seed and weight proportion humous are 1: 10 ~ 1: 20; By 500 ~ 3000/m
2grain weight on furrow face, be evenly sprinkled into seed ash, be more evenly sieved into the humus soil of 5 ~ 30 mesh sieves on furrow face, cladding thickness is 0.5 ~ 3cm.
In step (2), mulch film is that polyethylene film is prepared from.
In step (3), the length of stalk is 2-6cm.Preferably, the thickness of stalk is 3-6cm.Further preferably, in step (3), the thickness of stalk is 5cm.
The method of building cool canopy employing described in step (5) is: build cool canopy with bamboo branch or withy, the height of canopy 1.5 meters ~ 1.8 meters.
Described Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae refers to liliaceous plant Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don, Fritillaria unibracteata Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia, Gansu bulb of fritillary Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim., Bulbus Fritillariae cirrhosae Fritillaria delavayi Franch., taipei fritillary bulb Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li or watt cloth bulb of fritillary Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia var.wabuensis (S.Y.Tang et S.C.Yueh) Z.D.Liu, S.Wang et S.C.Chen.
The inventive method can suppress weed growth, exempts artificial weeding step, reduces the damage to Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, significantly reduce production cost, improve production output.
The embodiment of form by the following examples, is described in further detail foregoing of the present invention.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following embodiment.All technology realized based on foregoing of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
The release grass cultivation method of embodiment 1 Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae of the present invention
(1) selection of land, whole: Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae well grows the certain height above sea level of requirement, and the too low cultivation of height above sea level not easily survives and damage by disease and insect is many; Height above sea level is too high, and Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae shortening in vegetative period, is unfavorable for the accumulation of active ingredient and can increases cultivation management cost, therefore the general height above sea level selecting cultivation base is about 3000m.If but benign climate (as better in vegetation, concealment and ventilation condition), also can cultivate in the place of height above sea level about 2700m.Soil should loam and unsuitable sandy soil, because loam is conducive to water conservation, fertilizer conservation.Choose after sowing soil and start to dig soil, removing the stone in ground, tree root, weeds and worm's ovum; Strike fine earth block, make soil beading shape.Can whole furrow after digging, downwind should be selected to do furrow, test adopting the wide 0.5 ~ 1.5m of furrow, the high 5 ~ 25cm of furrow through for many years, the whole furrow method of furrow long 5 ~ 20m, pavement 20 ~ 60cm more easily carries out sowing, the operation such as artificial weeding and fertilising.
(2) sow: be generally advisable with autumn sowing, sowing in time before frozen soil; If sow in spring will after soil thaws, seed do not sprout front sowing in time.The inventive method mainly adopts planted in fall method.Before sowing, first in furrow, apply base fertilizer, base fertilizer is for be advisable with farmyard manure (barnyard manure).Composite fertilizer is applied by the base fertilizer consumption of 20 ~ 100 kilograms/square metre, by base fertilizer and the table soil mixing of furrow face, more smooth furrow face of trying one's best.Can not just differ in furrow face, because if furrow face height makes the thickness of lid kind irregular for a moment, thus affect emergence rate.During sowing, general use broadcasts sowing method, seed can be made dispersed, make full use of furrow space of planes because broadcast sowing.Seed to be broadcast is taken out, admixes the humus soil crossing 5 ~ 30 mesh sieves in right amount, mix seed ash, the seed number of unit of account weight.That is: every kilogram of seed ash is containing seed number (grain/kilogram)=seed sum ÷ seed ash gross weight.By 500 ~ 3000/meter
2grain weight on furrow face, be evenly sprinkled into seed ash, be more evenly sieved into the humus soil of 5 ~ 30 mesh sieves on furrow face, cladding thickness is 0.5 ~ 3cm.
(3) covering with plastic film: face, railway carriage or compartment will be kept before covering smooth, face, railway carriage or compartment is uneasy makes breakage of thin film applied, should be tight during epiphragma, mulch film strained, stretches, pave, spread even, the surrounding of film respectively opens a shallow ridges, mulch film is tight by soil pressure, pressure is tight, in case strong wind takes mulch film off.The mulch film adopted is thickness is 0.008-0.012mm polyethylene film.
(4) the stalk uniform fold dried of 2 ~ 5cm will be cut on mulch film, thickness 3 ~ 6cm.After rice straw mulching, add last layer fishing net and fix, in order to avoid straw blows away by wind.
(5) the Second Year bulb of fritillary in the beginning of spring sprouts when germinateing and withdraws fishing net, and removing mulch film, stalk stays in furrow face.
(6) cool canopy is built: can gather materials on the spot, cool canopy is built with the material that bamboo branch (or withy) etc. is conveniently easy to get, the height of canopy is not limit, can not be too short (to facilitate weeding, to apply fertilizer and be convenient to build and be advisable, general height is 1.50 ~ 1.80m), light transmittance suitable 25% ~ 35%, keeps the shade rate of 65% ~ 75%.The material building cool canopy should not use pine branch, not easy to operate under pine needle because of oil-containing; Large waste of flax fibre-bearing is many, not perishable, is also material of puing up a shed preferably.As large area sowing, the person of having ready conditions can use sunshade net booth, high about 1.8m, more convenient operation.
The release grass cultivation method of embodiment 2 Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae of the present invention
1, experimental technique
Get same piece of land, be divided into the zonule of 7 pieces of equal sizes, plant Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae respectively, the rice straw mulching thickness on 6 pieces of ground is respectively 1,2,3,4,5,6cm, other cultivation conditions are with embodiment 1, remaining 1 piece of ground is control group, and the cultivation method of control group comprises step (1) in embodiment 1, step (2) and step (6), without step (3) ~ (5).
With the dark ground temperature of pool large instrument automatic warm hygrograph record different disposal 5cm, cover latter 30 days and survey weeds fresh weight.
2, experimental result
Table 1 improving straw mulching thickness is on the impact of weeds
| Process | Ground temperature (7 monthly average) | Weeds fresh weight (kg/m 2） |
| 1cm | 17.7 | 0.085 |
| 2cm | 17.5 | 0.024 |
| 3cm | 17.2 | 0.013 |
| 4cm | 17.0 | 0.011 |
| 5cm | 16.9 | 0.010 |
| 6cm | 16.9 | 0.011 |
| Ck | 16.4 | 0.249 |
As can be seen from Table 1, do not carry out the control group of plastic mulching and improving straw mulching, weeds fresh weight is up to 0.249kg/m
2, and the weeds fresh weight of the inventive method is only 0.010-0.085kg/m
2, the growth of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae can not be affected, do not need weeding, wherein, when improving straw mulching thickness is 3-6cm, weeds fresh weight only 0.010-0.013kg/m
2, when improving straw mulching thickness is 5cm, weeds are minimum, weeds fresh weight only 0.010kg/m
2.
Embodiment 3 contrast experiment
1, experimental technique
Get same piece of land, be divided into the zonule of 4 pieces of equal sizes, plant Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae respectively, with reference to the method for embodiment 1, sow in accordance with the following steps respectively: only cover film, not stalks mulching [comprising step (1), (2), (3), (5), (6)], only stalks mulching, not cover film [comprising step (1), (2), (4), (5), (6)], cover film+stalk [with embodiment 1], control group [comprising step (1), (2), (6)].
With the dark ground temperature of pool large instrument automatic warm hygrograph record different disposal 5cm, cover latter 30 days and survey weeds fresh weight.
2, experimental result
Table 2 contrast and experiment
As shown in table 2, do not carry out the control group of plastic mulching and weeds covering, weeds fresh weight is up to 0.249kg/m
2, only covering with plastic film or only stalks mulching time, weeds fresh weight is 0.137kg/m
2and 0.112kg/m
2, still need weeding; And the inventive method adopts the mode of covering with plastic film and stalks mulching conbined usage, weeds fresh weight is only 0.013kg/m
2, lower than the weeds fresh weight of an independent covering with plastic film group and independent stalks mulching group order of magnitude, does not need weeding.
To sum up, use the inventive method cultivation Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, effectively can suppress weed growth, after Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae grows 1 month, weeds fresh weight only 0.010-0.085kg/m
2, do not need artificial weeding, solve the time-consuming problem of taking a lot of work of artificial weeding in Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae planting process, significantly reduce production cost, can also reduce the damage of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, application prospect is good simultaneously.
Claims (6)
1. Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae exempts a careless cultivation method, it is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
(1) whole furrow and sowing: dig rear whole furrow, broadcast fritillaria cirrhosa seeds;
(2) covering with plastic film: covering with plastic film on furrow face, ground film thickness is 0.008-0.012mm;
(3) stalks mulching: get stalk uniform fold on mulch film, screening fixes stalk, stalk thickness is 1-6cm;
(4) remove mulch film and net: during seed germination, removing mulch film and net, make stalk uniform fold on furrow face;
(5) cool canopy is built; Wherein, the method that the described whole furrow of step (1) and sowing adopt is: humus soil seed being admixed 5 ~ 20 mesh sieves, mixes seed ash, and in described seed ash, seed and weight proportion humous are 1: 10 ~ 1: 20; By 500 ~ 3000/m
2grain weight on furrow face, be evenly sprinkled into seed ash, be more evenly sieved into the humus soil of 5 ~ 30 mesh sieves on furrow face, cladding thickness is 0.5 ~ 3cm; In step (2), described mulch film is polyethylene film.
2. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (3), and the length of stalk is 2-6cm.
3. cultivation method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in step (3), and the thickness of stalk is 3-6cm.
4. cultivation method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in step (3), and the thickness of stalk is 5cm.
5. cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the method for building cool canopy employing described in step (5) is: build cool canopy with bamboo branch or withy, the height of canopy 1.5 meters ~ 1.8 meters.
6. cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae refers to liliaceous plant Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don, Fritillaria unibracteata Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia, Gansu bulb of fritillary Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim., Bulbus Fritillariae cirrhosae Fritillaria delavayi Franch., taipei fritillary bulb Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li or watt cloth bulb of fritillary Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia var.wabuensis (S.Y.Tang et S.C.Yue) Z.D.Liu, the dry bulb of S.Wang et S.C.Chen.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105766251A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-07-20 | 重庆市万盛经开区黑山镇供销合作社有限公司 | Method for planting Fritillaria taipaiensis |
| CN105815067A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-03 | 贵州大学 | Direct seeding breeding method for bletilla striata seeds |
| CN108812152A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-11-16 | 浙江龙游再生方药材发展有限公司 | A kind of plantation breeding method of bulb of thunberg fritillary |
| CN111296211A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-19 | 重庆市药物种植研究所 | Rapid propagation method of fritillaria taipaiensis bulbs |
| CN112997831A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2021-06-22 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | New green prevention and control technology for field weeds of lily |
| CN114847111A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-08-05 | 曾克勤 | Planting method of fritillaria |
| CN113956110A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-01-21 | 江西宝嘉生物发展有限公司 | Bio-organic fertilizer for effectively preventing and controlling weed growth and preparation method and application thereof |
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| KR101085353B1 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2011-11-22 | 주식회사 엘티아이조경산업 | Grass Mat for Slope Recording |
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