CN103335075A - Electronic control speed regulating stepless speed changing system and control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electronically controlled continuously variable speed system and a control method, which mainly include a speed regulating motor, a reduction gear connected to the output shaft of the speed regulating motor, a planetary gear mechanism meshed with the reduction gear, and a center shaft of a planet carrier of the planetary gear mechanism The reverse gear mechanism set above, the output shaft connected with the reverse driven gear of the reverse gear mechanism, and the three meshing sleeve assemblies used to switch gear positions; by controlling the moving positions of the three meshing sleeve assemblies, the The transmission system can freely switch between neutral gear, forward gear and reverse gear. On the one hand, it increases the opportunity for the engine to exert high power and improves the power performance of the car; on the other hand, it increases the possibility of the engine working in the low fuel consumption area, reduces the fuel consumption of the car, and improves its fuel economy performance. It can significantly improve the power and fuel economy of the car.

Description

Electronically controlled stepless speed change system and control method

technical field

The invention relates to a continuously variable speed change system, in particular to a speed change system and a control method which utilizes an electric control unit to adjust the rotational speed of a motor to realize stepless speed change.

Background technique

The power transmission device (or mechanism) is the most basic and important part of all machinery. Its function is to transmit the power from the power source (such as an engine or electric motor, etc.) to the working mechanism (such as the driving wheels of various vehicles, the propellers, spindles/cutterheads of machine tools, etc.). Since the dynamic characteristics of the power source (such as speed, torque, etc.) are often quite different from the requirements of the working mechanism, the power transmission device between the power source and the working mechanism needs to have a speed change function, which is the most important feature in many machines. The reason why transmissions use variators (transmissions with variable transmission ratios).

At present, the transmissions used in various types of machinery include mechanical stepped transmissions, belt-type mechanical continuously variable transmissions (such as CVT), hydraulic continuously variable transmissions (such as hydraulic torque converters), etc. Among them: Mechanical stepped transmissions The disadvantage is that the number of gears (the number of shifting stages) of the transmission is limited (the most commonly used is 4-6 gears), because the speed ratio between each gear has a large step difference and the speed ratio is a jumping change during the shifting process. , so its power transmission characteristics are not ideal, which is the direct reason why people have been hoping to replace the mechanical stepped transmission with a continuously variable transmission; CVT and hydraulic torque converter have the function of continuously variable transmission, but the common disadvantages of both are: ①The speed ratio variation range is small, and often needs to be used in conjunction with another stepped mechanical transmission to meet the requirements of various types of machinery for the speed ratio variation range; ②The transmission efficiency is low and the energy consumption is large; ③The structure is complex and the manufacturing cost is high. Therefore, need badly a kind of stepless speed regulation system to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned existing various speed changers.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to overcome the defects of the prior art, to provide an electronically controlled stepless speed change system and control method, which has simple structure, low manufacturing cost, high transmission efficiency, and can realize stepless speed change by using gear combination. Speed change function, and can switch gears freely and flexibly.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:

An electronically controlled continuously variable speed system, mainly including a speed regulating motor, a reduction gear connected to the output shaft of the speed regulating motor, a planetary gear mechanism meshing with the reduction gear, and a reverse gear arranged on the center shaft of the planet carrier of the planetary gear mechanism mechanism, an output shaft connected to the reverse driven gear of the reverse gear mechanism, and three meshing sleeve assemblies for shifting gear positions;

It is characterized in that: the planetary gear mechanism is mainly composed of a sun gear shaft, a sun gear, a planetary carrier, a planetary gear and a ring gear. The sun gear is supported on the sun gear shaft through a bearing. Interval distribution; the sun gear meshes with the planetary gear on the planetary shaft of the planetary carrier, and the planetary gear meshes with the inner ring gear of the ring gear; the center shaft of the planetary carrier is supported in the center hole of the ring gear through a bearing; the planetary gear mechanism is connected with the outer ring gear of the ring gear The reduction gear meshes; the ring gear is supported on the casing of the continuously variable transmission system through bearings; the reduction gear is connected with the output shaft of the speed regulating motor;

In the reverse gear mechanism, the reverse gear driven gear is supported on the output shaft through bearings, the main body is an internal gear with an internal ring gear, and a circle of externally meshing shift meshing teeth is arranged on the left side of the central shaft hole of the internal gear; The gear meshes with the driving gear of the reverse gear through a bridge gear for reverse gear; on the left side of the center shaft hole of the inner gear of the reverse gear driven gear, and on the output shaft, a No. The meshing sleeve is set on the gear hub of the gearing sleeve. The inner gearing teeth on the gearing sleeve mesh with the outer gearing teeth on the gearing hub of the gearing sleeve. The gear shift meshing teeth of the movable gear are engaged or disengaged; the gear hub of the gear sleeve is fixed on the output shaft; the output shaft and the central axis of the planetary carrier are set with a gap on the same line, when the gear sleeve and the hub of the gear sleeve in the No. 1 gear sleeve assembly When engaging and disengaging the shift meshing teeth of the reverse driven gear, the planet carrier and the output shaft are independent of each other;

The rear end after the center shaft of the planet carrier passes through the center hole of the ring gear is equipped with the No. 2 meshing sleeve assembly, the reverse gear driving gear, and the outer meshing teeth of the planet carrier; the reverse gear driving gear is supported on the center shaft of the planet carrier through bearings, and the main body It is an external meshing gear, and the left side of the main body is a ring of external meshing shift meshing teeth; the reverse drive gear is supported on the central shaft of the planetary carrier through bearings, and is located between the No. 2 meshing sleeve assembly and the outer meshing teeth of the planetary carrier; No. 2 The gear sleeve assembly is composed of two parts: the gear hub of the gear sleeve in the middle and the gear sleeve set on the outside. The gear hub of the gear sleeve is fixed on the central axis of the planet carrier; The teeth mesh, and the meshing sleeve can freely slide left and right on the gear hub of the meshing sleeve to mesh with or disengage from the shift meshing gear of the reverse drive gear; When the meshing sleeve moves freely left and right, it can disengage or mesh with the outer meshing teeth of the planet carrier;

On the left side of the sun gear, the No. 3 meshing sleeve assembly is installed on the sun gear shaft. The No. 3 meshing sleeve assembly is composed of the meshing sleeve gear hub and the meshing sleeve sleeved on the meshing sleeve gear hub. The outer meshing teeth on the gear hub are meshed, and the gear hub of the meshing sleeve is fixed on the sun gear shaft; the main body of the sun gear is the outer meshing teeth, and the left side of the main body is a ring of shifting meshing teeth with a smaller diameter for outer meshing; the meshing sleeve can be used for external meshing. The gear hub of the meshing sleeve freely slides left and right to mesh with or disengage from the shifting meshing gear of the sun gear.

According to the above technical solution, the three engaging sleeve assemblies have the same structure, and the gear hubs of the respective engaging sleeves are fixed on the corresponding shafts through keys or splines.

A speed change control method adopting the above-mentioned speed change system, by controlling the moving positions of the three engaging sleeve components, the free switching of the speed change system among neutral gear, forward gear and reverse gear is realized; it is characterized in that:

1) Neutral gear control: disconnect the power supply of the speed regulating motor, the speed regulating motor is in the non-working state, move the meshing sleeve outside the No. , at this time, the No. 2 meshing sleeve assembly and the No. 3 meshing sleeve assembly are only meshed with their own meshing sleeve gear hub; in the neutral control gear, the input shaft or the sun gear shaft is idling at the center of the sun gear;

2) The forward gear includes the lowest gear and stepless gear: move the meshing sleeve on the outside of the No. Set it to mesh with the outer gear of the planet carrier; use the motor controller to put the speed regulating motor in the braking state, that is, the lowest gear, at this time, the transmission ratio of the electronically controlled stepless speed change system is the largest; release the braking of the speed regulating motor Use the motor controller to adjust the speed of the speed-regulating motor, and the transmission ratio of the electronically controlled stepless speed change system will change steplessly, that is, enter the state of stepless speed regulation; in this gear position control, the second meshing sleeve assembly Meshes only with its own clutch hub;

3) Reverse gear: move the meshing sleeves outside the No. 2 engaging sleeve assembly and the No. 1 engaging sleeve assembly to the right at the same time, so that each engaging sleeve meshes with the gear shifting teeth immediately adjacent to the right side of the respective engaging sleeves. The high-speed motor is placed in the braking state; at this time, the No. 3 meshing sleeve assembly meshes with the shift meshing teeth of the sun gear.

The beneficial effects of the system and the control method are:

Compared with the mechanical stepped transmission, since the electronically controlled stepless speed change system can realize the infinitely variable speed within the required speed ratio range, it overcomes the limited number of gears (the number of shifting stages) of the mechanical stepped transmission (the most 4-6 gears are commonly used), there is a large difference in the speed ratio between each gear, and the speed ratio is a jumping change during the shifting process. On the one hand, it increases the opportunity for the engine to exert high power and improves the dynamic performance of the car; On the other hand, it increases the possibility of the engine working in the low fuel consumption area, reduces the fuel consumption of the car, and improves its fuel economy performance.

Compared with belt-type mechanical continuously variable transmissions (such as CVT) and hydraulic continuously variable transmissions (such as hydraulic torque converters), since all transmission components in this electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system are all gears with extremely high transmission efficiency transmission, so it overcomes the shortcomings of the belt-type mechanical continuously variable transmission (such as CVT) with large friction resistance and low transmission efficiency, and the hydraulic continuously variable transmission (such as hydraulic torque converter) with large churning loss and low transmission efficiency, which can significantly improve the performance of the car. power and fuel economy.

Simultaneously, because the system is all composed of gears, the structure is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, and it is beneficial to popularization.

Description of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system of the present invention (neutral state).

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the electronically controlled speed-adjusting continuously variable transmission system of the present invention in the lowest gear and continuously variable transmission state.

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system of the present invention in a reverse gear state.

Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the electronically controlled stepless speed change control method of the present invention.

The reference signs in Figure 1-4 are as follows: 1—input shaft (sun gear shaft); 2—sun gear; 3—planet carrier; 4—planetary gear; 5—speed regulating motor; 6—coupling; 7—reduction Gear; 8—ring gear; 9—reverse bridge gear; 10—reverse driven gear; 11—external meshing teeth of planet carrier; 12—output shaft; 13—No. 1 meshing sleeve assembly; 14—reverse driving gear ; 15—No. 2 engaging sleeve assembly; 16—No. 3 engaging sleeve assembly.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with implementation examples and accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited.

The specific structure of the electronically controlled speed-regulating continuously variable transmission system of the present invention is shown in Figures 1-3. The electronically controlled continuously variable speed system mainly includes a speed regulating motor 5, a reduction gear 7 connected to the output shaft of the speed regulating motor, a planetary gear mechanism meshed with the reduction gear 7, and a reverse gear set on the center shaft of the planet carrier 3 of the planetary gear mechanism Gear mechanism, the output shaft 12 connected with the reverse driven gear 10 of the reverse gear mechanism; the planetary gear mechanism is mainly composed of input shaft (sun gear shaft) 1, sun gear 2, planet carrier 3, planetary gear 4 and ring gear 8 Composition, the sun gear 2 is supported on the input shaft (sun gear shaft) 1 through bearings, and the sun gear shaft, that is, the central axis of the input shaft 1 and the planet carrier 3, is spaced apart on the same straight line; the planets on the planet shaft of the sun gear 2 and the planet carrier 3 The gear 4 meshes, and the planetary gear 4 meshes with the inner ring gear of the ring gear 8; the central axis of the planet carrier 3 is supported in the center hole of the ring gear 8 through a bearing; the planetary gear mechanism meshes with the reduction gear 7 through the outer ring gear of the ring gear 8; the ring gear 8 is supported on the casing of the continuously variable transmission system through bearings and can rotate in the casing. The reduction gear shaft links to each other with the output shaft of the speed regulating motor 5 through the shaft coupling 6, and the reduction gear 7 is fixedly connected on the reduction gear shaft by a key or a spline.

The reverse gear driven gear 10 is supported on the output shaft 12 through bearings, the main body is an internal gear with an internal ring gear, and a circle of external meshing shift meshing teeth is arranged on the left side of the central shaft hole of the internal gear; the internal gear of the main body is connected to the reverse gear The bridge gear 9 meshes, and the reverse gear bridge gear 9 meshes with the reverse gear driving gear 14; the reverse gear driven gear 10 is on the left side of the central shaft hole of the inner gear, on the output shaft 12 (that is, inside the casing of the continuously variable transmission system) ) Set the No. 1 meshing sleeve assembly 13, the No. 1 meshing sleeve assembly 13 is composed of the meshing sleeve hub and the meshing sleeve set on the meshing sleeve hub. The teeth mesh, and the meshing sleeve can freely slide left and right on the toothed hub of the meshing sleeve, and engage or disengage with the shift meshing teeth of the reverse gear driven gear 10; the toothed hub of the meshing sleeve is fixed on the output shaft 12 by a key or a spline. The output shaft 12 and the central axis of the planet carrier 3 are on the same straight line, but there is a certain gap between the two. When the shift meshing teeth of the movable gear 10 are disengaged, the planet carrier 3 and the output shaft 12 are independent from each other and can rotate freely.

The rear end after the central axis of the planetary carrier 3 passes through the central hole of the ring gear 8 is equipped with the No. 2 meshing sleeve assembly 15, the reverse gear driving gear 14 of the reverse gear mechanism, and the outer meshing teeth 11 of the planet carrier, and the reverse gear driving gear 14 Supported on the central shaft of the planetary carrier 3 through bearings, the main body is an external meshing gear, and the left side of the main body is a ring of externally meshed gear shift teeth; the reverse drive gear 14 is supported on the central shaft of the planetary carrier 3 through bearings, located on the second Between the meshing sleeve assembly 15 and the outer meshing teeth 11 of the planet carrier. The No. 2 meshing sleeve assembly 15 has the same structure as the No. 1 meshing sleeve assembly. It consists of two parts: the gear hub of the gear sleeve in the middle and the gear sleeve set outside. On; the internal meshing teeth on the meshing sleeve mesh with the external meshing teeth on the toothed hub of the meshing sleeve, and the meshing sleeve can freely slide left and right on the toothed hub of the meshing sleeve to mesh with or disengage from the shift meshing gear of the reverse drive gear 14 . The planetary carrier outer gearing 11 is fixedly connected to the end of the planetary carrier 3 central axis by a key or a spline, and when the engaging sleeve of the No. 1 engaging sleeve assembly 13 moves freely left and right, it can disengage or mesh with the planetary carrier outer gearing 11.

On the left side of the sun gear 2, the input shaft (sun gear shaft) 1 is equipped with a No. 3 meshing sleeve assembly 16. The No. 3 meshing sleeve assembly 16 has the same structure as the No. 1 meshing sleeve assembly and the No. 2 meshing sleeve assembly. It is composed of an engaging sleeve set on the gear hub of the engaging sleeve. The internal gear on the engaging sleeve meshes with the external gear on the gear hub of the engaging sleeve. The gear hub of the engaging sleeve is fixed on the input shaft (sun gear shaft) through a key or spline. 1 on. In order to cooperate with the No. 3 meshing sleeve assembly 16, the sun gear 2 is designed so that the main body is an external meshing tooth, and the left side of the main body is a ring of shifting meshing teeth with a smaller diameter for external meshing; the meshing sleeve can freely move left and right on the meshing sleeve gear hub. Sliding engages or disengages with the shift meshing gear of sun gear 2.

As shown in Figure 1-3, in the reverse gear mechanism, a reverse bridge gear 9 is set between the reverse drive gear 14 and the reverse driven gear 10, and the reverse bridge gear 9 is connected with the reverse drive gear respectively. 14 meshes with reverse driven gear 10.

Below in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 introduce the operating principle of the electronically controlled speed-regulating continuously variable transmission system of the present invention:

1. Empty gear

Move the outer engaging sleeve of No. 3 engaging sleeve assembly 16 to the left to the position shown in Fig. 1, since the engaging sleeve outside of No. The sun gear shaft 1 can freely move independently of each other, so the power transmitted from the power source to the input shaft (sun gear shaft) 1 cannot be transmitted to the rear and enters neutral gear.

2. The lowest gear (maximum transmission ratio)

式中Z₂,Z₈分别是太阳轮2和齿圈8的内齿圈齿数（以下同），调整太阳轮2和齿圈8的内齿圈齿数就可以获得所需的各种不同的传动比。若取太阳轮2和齿圈8的内齿圈齿数分别为Z₂=17，Z₈=85，则电控调速无级变速系统的最大传动比若Z₂=17，Z₈=67，则电控调速无级变速系统的最大传动比 $i_{2H\max }=1+\frac{Z_8}{Z_2}=1+\frac{67}{17}=4.9412.$ As shown in Figure 2, the engaging sleeve outside No. 3 engaging sleeve assembly 16 is moved to the right, and the engaging sleeve outside No. 1 engaging sleeve assembly 13 is moved to the left; utilize the engaging sleeve outside the third engaging sleeve assembly 16 and The sun gear 2 is gear-shifted and meshed, and the planetary gear shaft 1 (input shaft) is fixedly connected with the sun gear 2. The outer meshing sleeve of the No. 1 meshing sleeve assembly 13 is meshed with the outer meshing gear 11 of the planetary carrier, and the output shaft 12 is fixedly connected with the planetary carrier 3 (see Fig. 2), and the speed-regulating motor 5 is braked to a static state by using the brake that comes with the speed-regulating motor 5 . Since the shaft of the speed-regulating motor and the shaft of the reduction gear 7 are fixedly connected together by the shaft coupling 6, the external meshing teeth of the reduction gear 7 and the ring gear 8 of the planetary gear mechanism are in meshing relationship, and the shaft of the speed-regulating motor is stationary and does not rotate. The ring gear 8 of the planetary gear mechanism is also stationary. The power transmission route of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system is: input shaft (sun gear shaft) 1——No. 3 meshing sleeve assembly 16——Sun gear 2——Planetary gear 4——Planet carrier 3——No. 1 meshing sleeve Assembly 13 - output shaft 12 . If the speed of the ring gear 8 is n ₈ , the speed of the sun gear 2 is n ₂ , and the speed of the planet carrier is n _H , in this state n ₈ =0, the maximum transmission ratio of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system (also called maximum speed ratio)

In the formula, Z ₂ and Z ₈ are the number of teeth of the inner ring gear of the sun gear 2 and the ring gear 8 respectively (the same below). By adjusting the number of teeth of the inner ring gear of the sun gear 2 and the ring gear 8, various transmissions required can be obtained. Compare. If the number of teeth of the inner ring gear of the sun gear 2 and the ring gear 8 are respectively Z ₂ =17, Z ₈ =85, then the maximum transmission ratio of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system is If Z ₂ =17, Z ₈ =67, then the maximum transmission ratio of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system is $i_{2h\max }=1+\frac{Z_8}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Z"\; filenames="HDA00003468121200012.png,HDA00003468121200021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_2}=1+\frac{67}{17}=4.9412.$

The calculation method of the transmission ratio of the planetary gear mechanism is: the entire planetary gear train rotates in the direction opposite to the direction of the planet carrier and at the same speed as the planet carrier. At this time, the speed of the planet carrier is zero, so the planetary gear train is converted into For a fixed-axis gear train, the calculation of the speed ratio of the planetary gear system is converted into the calculation of the speed ratio of the fixed-axis gear train, namely:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 28</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 8</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =\&PlusMinus;</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Z"\; filenames="HDA00003468121200012.png,HDA00003468121200021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 8</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&PlusMinus;</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 8</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

——将行星轮系转换为定轴轮系即转换机构的速比；In the formula:

- Converting the planetary gear train to a fixed-axis gear train, that is, the speed ratio of the conversion mechanism;

Z ₂ , Z ₄ , Z ₈ ——respectively, the number of ring gear teeth of sun gear 2, planetary gear 4 and ring gear 8;

n ₂ , n _H , n ₈ —respectively, the rotational speeds of the sun gear 2, the planet carrier 3 and the ring gear 8.

前的符号为“－”。When the rotation direction of the ring gear 8 is the same as that of the sun gear 2, The sign before is "+"; when the rotation direction of the ring gear 8 is opposite to that of the sun gear 2,

The preceding symbol is "-".

As mentioned above n ₈ =0, formula (1) can be rewritten as:

3. Stepless speed regulation

During the stepless speed regulation process, the positions of the No. 1 engaging sleeve assembly 13, the No. 2 engaging sleeve assembly 15, and the No. 3 engaging sleeve assembly 16 in the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system are the same as the aforementioned "lowest gear" (see Figure 2 ), but the braking of the speed regulating motor should be released in this state, and the reduction gear 7 drives the ring gear 8 to rotate under the drive of the speed regulating motor 5, that is, the speed of the ring gear 8 in this state is not equal to zero, and the speed of the ring gear 8 is n ₈ , substituting it into formula (1):

Since the rotation direction of the ring gear 8 is opposite to that of the sun gear 2, the sign in front of the above formula is negative, that is: $\frac{{\mathrm{no}}_2-{\mathrm{no}}_h}{{\mathrm{no}}_8-{\mathrm{no}}_h}=-\frac{Z_8}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Z"\; filenames="HDA00003468121200012.png,HDA00003468121200021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout>}}_2},$ This formula can be rewritten as:

The transmission ratio of the electronic control stepless speed change system in the process of stepless speed regulation

Substitute formula (3) into formula (4) to get: $i_{2h}=\frac{{\mathrm{no}}_2}{{\mathrm{no}}_h}=1+\frac{Z_8}{Z_2}-\frac{{\mathrm{no}}_8}{{\mathrm{no}}_h}\&Center\; Dot;\frac{Z_8}{Z_2}---\left(5\right)$

即是前面说到的电控调速无级变速系统最大传动比。若齿圈8的转速与行星架3的转速相等，即n₈=n_H时，电控调速无级变速系统的传动比i_2H=1；若齿圈8的转速大于行星架3的转速，即n₈>n_H时，则电控调速无级变速系统的传动比i_2H<1，即电控调速无级变速系统可获得超速档；若齿圈8的转速等于零即n₈=0时，则电控调速无级变速系统的传动比

若通过控制器连续调节调速电机的转速使得齿圈8的转速n₈在n₈=0至n₈>n_H间连续变化，则电控调速无级变速系统的传动比i_2H随之在至i_2H<1之间连续变化，即在

和i_2H<1的范围内无级调速，这就是电控调速无级变速系统能实现无级变速的原理。In the formula:

That is, the maximum transmission ratio of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system mentioned above. If the speed of the ring gear 8 is equal to the speed of the planet carrier 3, that is, when n ₈ =n _H , the transmission ratio i _2H of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system is 1; if the speed of the ring gear 8 is greater than the speed of the planet carrier 3 , that is, when n ₈ >n _H , the transmission ratio i _2H of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system is <1, that is, the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system can obtain an overdrive gear; if the speed of the ring gear 8 is equal to zero, that is, n ₈ =0, the transmission ratio of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system

If the controller continuously adjusts the rotational speed of the speed-regulating motor so that the rotational speed n ₈ of the ring gear 8 changes continuously between n ₈ =0 and n ₈ >n _H , the transmission ratio i _2H of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system will be exist Continuous change between i _2H <1, that is, in

and i _2H <1, this is the principle that the electronically controlled stepless speed change system can realize stepless speed change.

4. Reverse gear

As shown in Figure 3, the meshing sleeves of the No. 1 engaging sleeve assembly 13 and the No. 2 engaging sleeve assembly 15 in the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system are simultaneously moved to the right to be aligned with the reverse gear driven gear 10 and the reverse gear driving gear 14. Respective gear shift meshing teeth are meshed, and the reverse gear driving gear 14 is fixedly connected with the planetary carrier 3 by using the meshing sleeve on the outside of No. The meshing of the meshing sleeve on the outside of No. 13 meshing sleeve assembly and the shift meshing teeth on the left side of the reverse gear driven gear 10 connects the output shaft 12 and the reverse gear driven gear together (see Figure 3), and uses the speed regulating motor to automatically The belt brake brakes the adjustable speed motor to a standstill. Since the shaft of the speed-regulating motor and the shaft of the reduction gear 7 are fixedly connected together by a coupling, and the external teeth on the reduction gear 7 and the ring gear 8 of the planetary gear mechanism are in meshing relationship, the shaft of the speed-regulating motor is stationary and does not rotate, and the planetary gear The ring gear 8 of mechanism is also stationary. The power transmission route of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system is: input shaft (sun gear shaft) 1——No. 3 meshing sleeve assembly 16——Sun gear 2——Planetary gear 4——Planet carrier 3——No. 2 meshing sleeve Component 15—reverse driving gear 14—reverse bridge carrier gear 9—reverse driven gear 10—No. 1 meshing sleeve assembly 13—output shaft 12 .

The speed ratio i _R of reverse gear in the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system is:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; max</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="14"\; label="Z"\; filenames="HDA00003468121200012.png,HDA00003468121200021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 14</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 8</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Z</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 10</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="14"\; label="Z"\; filenames="HDA00003468121200012.png,HDA00003468121200021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Z</figure-callout></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 14</span>}}}$

In the formula: i _2Hmax ——Maximum speed ratio of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system;

Z ₂ , Z ₈ , Z ₁₀ , Z ₁₄ —respectively, the number of teeth of sun gear 2, ring gear 8, inner ring gear, reverse driven gear 10 and reverse drive gear 14.

As shown in Figure 4, it is a specific control flow chart of the control method of the electronically controlled stepless speed change of the present invention. By controlling the moving positions of the three engaging sleeve components, the speed change system can be freely shifted between neutral gear, forward gear and reverse gear. switch; characterized in that:

1) Neutral gear control: as shown in Figure 1, disconnect the power supply of the speed regulating motor 5, and the speed regulating motor is in a non-working state, and move the meshing sleeve outside the No. At this time, the No. 2 meshing sleeve assembly 15 and the No. 3 meshing sleeve assembly 16 are only engaged with their own meshing sleeve gear hubs; in the neutral control gear position, the input shaft (sun gear shaft) 1 is on the sun gear. wheel center idling;

解除调速电机5的制动，利用电机控制器调节调速电机的转速，电控调速无级变速系统的传动比随之无级变化，即进入无级调速档状态。2) The forward gear includes the lowest gear and stepless speed regulation gear, as shown in Figure 2, in this gear position control, the second meshing sleeve assembly 15 only meshes with its own meshing sleeve gear hub, and the third meshing sleeve assembly 16 outside The meshing sleeve of the first meshing sleeve is moved to the right to make it mesh with the shifting meshing gear on the left side of the sun gear 2, and the meshing sleeve outside the No. The speed motor 5 is placed in the braking state, that is, the lowest gear. At this time, the transmission ratio of the electronically controlled continuously variable transmission system is the largest, and its value is

Release the brake of the speed-regulating motor 5, use the motor controller to adjust the speed of the speed-regulating motor, and the transmission ratio of the electronically controlled stepless speed change system will change steplessly, that is, enter the stepless speed regulating gear state.

3) Reverse gear: as shown in Figure 3, move the second and first meshing sleeve assemblies 15 and 13 to the right at the same time so that they are respectively aligned with the reverse driving gear 14 and the reverse driven gear 10 on the left side respectively. The shifting meshing teeth are engaged, and at this moment, No. 3 meshing sleeve assembly 16 is engaged with the shifting meshing teeth of the sun gear 2; the speed regulating motor 5 is placed in the braking state and enters the reverse gear by using the motor controller.

Claims (3)

1. automatically controlled speed governing stepless speed variator system, mainly comprise speed-adjustable motor, the reduction gear that is connected with the speed-adjustable motor output shaft, with reduction gear planet gear meshed mechanism, planetary gears planet carrier central shaft on the reverse gear mechanism, the output shaft that is connected with the reverse gear driven gear of reverse gear mechanism that arrange, and three engagement grip assemblies that are used for switching gear;

It is characterized in that: planetary gears mainly is made up of sun wheel shaft, sun gear, planet carrier, planetary pinion and gear ring, sun gear is bearing on the sun wheel shaft by bearing, and sun wheel shaft also is that input shaft and planet carrier central shaft are spaced apart on same straight line; Planetary pinion engagement on sun gear and the planet carrier planet axis, planetary pinion and the engagement of gear ring ring gear; The planet carrier central shaft is bearing in the gear ring center hole by bearing; Planetary gears is by gear ring external toothing and reduction gear engagement; Gear ring is bearing on the housing of stepless speed variator system by bearing; Reduction gear links to each other with the output shaft of speed-adjustable motor;

In the reverse gear mechanism, the reverse gear driven gear is bearing on the output shaft by bearing, and main body is the internal gear that has ring gear, and internal gear central shaft hole left side arranges the gearshift engaging tooth of a circle outer gearing; The main body internal gear is by a reverse gear carrier gear and reverse driving gear engagement; The engagement grip assembly is set on the left side of reverse gear driven gear internal gear central shaft hole, the output shaft No. one, No. one the engagement grip assembly is made up of engagement cover tooth hub and the engagement cover that is set on the engagement cover tooth hub, the interior engaging tooth that engagement puts meshes with the outer gearing tooth that engagement is overlapped on the tooth hub, and meshing cover can be free to slide about on the engagement cover tooth hub, with the engagement of gearshift engaging tooth or the disengaging of reverse gear driven gear; Engagement cover tooth hub is fixed on the output shaft; Output shaft and planet carrier central shaft gap on same straight line arranges, when the engagement cover in engagement grip assembly with the hub engagement of engagement cover tooth and when breaking away from the gearshift engaging tooth of reverse gear driven gear, planet carrier and output shaft are separate;

The rear end that the planet carrier central shaft passes behind the gear ring center hole is equipped with engagement grip assembly, reverse driving gear and planet carrier outer gearing tooth successively No. two; Reverse driving gear is bearing on the planet carrier central shaft by bearing, and main body is external gear pump, and the main body left side is the gearshift engaging tooth of a circle outer gearing; Reverse driving gear is bearing on the planet carrier central shaft by bearing, meshes between grip assembly and the planet carrier outer gearing tooth at No. two; No. two engagement grip assemblies are by the engagement at middle part cover tooth hub and be set in outside engagement and overlap two parts and forms, and engagement is overlapped the tooth hub and is fixed on the planet carrier central shaft; Mesh the interior engaging tooth that puts and the outer gearing tooth engagement of meshing on the cover tooth hub, and mesh cover and can mesh the engagement of gearshift engaging gear or the disengaging that freely horizontally slip on the cover tooth hub with reverse driving gear; Planet carrier outer gearing tooth connects firmly at planet carrier center the tip of the axis, when moving freely about the engagement cover of an engagement grip assembly, can break away from or engagement with planet carrier outer gearing tooth;

In the sun gear left side, the engagement grip assembly is installed on the sun wheel shaft No. three, No. three the engagement grip assembly is made up of engagement cover tooth hub and the engagement cover that is set on the engagement cover tooth hub, the outer gearing tooth engagement on the interior engaging tooth that engagement puts and the engagement cover tooth hub, and engagement is overlapped the tooth hub and is fixed on the sun wheel shaft; The sun gear main body is the outer gearing tooth, and the main body left side is the less gearshift engaging tooth for outer gearing of a loop diameter; Mesh and overlap the engagement of gearshift engaging gear or the disengaging that can about engagement is overlapped on the tooth hub, be free to slide with sun gear.

2. stepless speed variator system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the structures of three engagement grip assemblies are identical, and the cover of engagement separately tooth hub is fixed on the corresponding axis by key or spline.

3. a shifting control method that adopts claim 1 or 2 described speed variator systems by controlling the mobile position of three engagement grip assemblies, is realized speed variator system freely switching between neutral, forward gear and reverse gear; It is characterized in that:

1) neutral gear control: the power supply that disconnects speed-adjustable motor, speed-adjustable motor place and off working state, the engagement cover of No. three engagement grip assembly outsides moved to left makes it to break away from engagement with the gearshift engaging tooth in sun gear left side, this moment No. two engagements grip assemblies and No. three engagement grip assemblies all only with self engagement cover tooth hub engagement; Under the neutral control gear, input shaft or sun wheel shaft dally at the sun gear center;

2) forward gears comprises lowest gear and stepless time adjustment shelves: the engagement cover of No. three engagement grip assembly outsides is moved to right makes it gearshift engaging tooth engagement with the sun gear left side, and the engagement cover that is moved to the left an engagement grip assembly outside makes it to mesh with planet carrier outer gearing tooth; Utilizing electric machine controller that speed-adjustable motor is placed braking state also is lowest gear, at this moment the velocity ratio maximum of automatically controlled speed governing stepless speed variator system; Remove the braking of speed-adjustable motor, utilize electric machine controller to regulate the rotating speed of speed-adjustable motor, the velocity ratio of automatically controlled speed governing stepless speed variator system is stepless variation thereupon, namely enters the stepless speed regulation state; In this gear control, No. two the engagement grip assembly only overlaps the engagement of tooth hub with the engagement of self;

3) reverse gear: move right simultaneously and mesh the engagement cover of grip assembly and an engagement grip assembly outside for No. two, make each mesh cover and mesh with the gearshift engaging tooth that meshes cover right side next-door neighbour separately respectively, utilize electric machine controller that speed-adjustable motor is placed braking state; At this moment, mesh the gearshift engaging tooth engagement of grip assembly and sun gear for No. three.

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