CN1033280C - 含铁、锰、锌、铅的烟尘回收铅、锌的方法 - Google Patents
含铁、锰、锌、铅的烟尘回收铅、锌的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 title abstract description 22
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052981 lead sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940056932 lead sulfide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003500 flue dust Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001021 Ferroalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明含铁、锰、锌、铅等元素烟尘的回收方法,属于处理非矿石的材料,生产有色金属及其化合物的技术领域。利用碱浸烟尘,将其中的锌、铅等浸出到碱溶液中,固体和液体分离后,向浸出液中加入硫化钠,在室温下搅拌生成硫化锌和硫化铅混合物,经水洗再放入稀盐酸液(pH<5)中,生成氯化锌溶液,过滤分离硫化铅,调整氯化锌溶液(pH=5~6),生成氧化锌沉淀,其氧化锌和氧化铅的纯度大于95%。本发明设备简单、能耗低、产量高,无污染。
Description
本发明属于处理非矿石的材料如废料,以生产有色金属或其它化合物。
钢铁企业及铁合金厂所产生的烟尘中,除了铁、锰之外,还有一些易挥发元素锌、铅等。这种烟尘是困扰企业的公害之一,但也有潜在的利用价值,长期以来,已有不少利用这种烟尘的方法问世,大致可分为以下几种:①中温焙烧挥发法:将这种烟尘在回转窑一类反应器中升温至1000℃左右还原焙烧,使锌、铅蒸发,在气相中再氧化成氧化锌、氧化铅,冷凝成小颗粒,依靠复杂的回收系统来收取氧化锌及氧化铅的混合物。②重力水洗筛分法:利用烟尘中各元素化合物颗粒、重度、直径的不同,在水中重选过筛,分离出主要含铁的矿粉和主要含锌、铅的矿粉。③碱浸电解法:将这种烟尘置于碱溶液中浸出,待碱溶液中锌、铅浓度较高时,再分别电解提取,这三种方法中,第一种方法因氧化锌、氧化铅颗粒小而回收不完全,耗能高,并且只能收取氧化锌和氧化铅的混合物,不能直接加以利用;第二种方法所得到的都是初级原料,还需在1000℃左右温度下焙烧主要含锌、铅的矿粉,才能得到氧化锌和氧化铅的混合物;第三种方法虽然碱浸时烟尘中锌、铅可浸出90%以上,且能耗低,原材料消耗低,但后面电解前要使用化学法净化浸出液,处理复杂,电解时耗电量大,成本高,并且因处理的烟尘中锌、铅浓度不高,而致直接产金属锌和金属铅不能形成规模经济。
本发明的目的是,既充分利用烟尘中的各种资源,又降低运转费用,以获得更高的经济效益,即将烟尘中铁、锰和锌、铅尽可能的分开,再采用更经济的方法生产可直接使用的工业纯产品,同时降低生产成本。
本发明的内容是,利用碱浸电解法前部的合理部分,碱浸烟尘,将其中的锌、铅等浸出到碱溶液中,分离液体和固体后,采用化学法处理,直接提取氧化锌和氧化铅,浸出循环母液中Si和Al的去除,亦采用已有的加CaO沉淀法,处理方法如下:
向含锌<200mg/ml和铅<200mg/ml的浸出液中,加入按化学计算所需的碱化钠固体或溶液,使溶液中发生下述反应:
也可使用后面工序中产生的H2S气体代替Na2S进行沉淀反应:
当浸出液中硅和铝浓度过高(硅和铝的含量≥0.05mg/e)时,本发明可在上述处理前往浸出液中兑石灰乳或加入固定石灰,沉淀脱除碱溶液中的硅和铝,以降低硫化沉淀处理得到混和物中硅和铝的含量,加到碱溶液中CaO的质量为碱溶液中SiO2和Al2O3量的1~3倍,3小时以内脱除浸出液中的二氧化硅和三氧化铝,然后再进行沉锌和铅的处理,所生成的水合硅(铝)酸钙可用来做轻质耐火材料。
本发明的优点是:方法及设备简单,直接收到纯度较高的化工产品;原材料及能耗低,经济效益高;无污染,可消除公害,社会效益显著。
本发明实施例1,向含有Pb、Zn的浸出液(Pb=24.56g/l,Zn=20.69g/l)中加入按化学计量生成硫化铅和硫化锌所需的硫化钠固体或溶液或硫化氢气体,室温下搅拌5~60分钟,静置1~2小时,浸出液中Zn和Pb生成沉淀(沉淀为硫化锌与硫化铅的混合物),黑褐色的浸出液亦逐渐变成浅黄色透明液体,分析得浸出液中的Zn=1.56g/l,Pb=0.89g/l,可知浸出液中的Zn和Pb沉淀为95%以上。
本发明实施例2,向未经硫化沉淀处理的含Zn和Pb浸出液中(含Si=2.48g/l,Al=0.67g/t)加入石灰乳或加入固体石灰,其中CaO的质量为浸出液中SiO2、Al2O3总质量的2倍,在30℃下搅拌10分钟,再静置沉淀三小时以脱除浸出液中的二氧化硅和三氧化二铝,沉淀经X-光衍射,主相为水合硅酸钙,浸出液中Si和Al的含量可降至0.05mg/ml以下,沉淀物中铅和锌含量都<1%。
本发明实施例3,将沉淀得到的硫化锌和硫化铅混合物水洗一遍,放入稀盐酸溶液中,保持其pH<5,室温下搅拌至PH不再变化,生成氯化锌溶液,过滤分离硫化铅,水洗后烘干分析,其纯度>95%。再将氯化锌溶液的pH调至5~6,生成氧化锌沉淀,过滤得到固体氧化锌,水洗一遍后烘干分析,氧化锌纯度>95%。
Claims (4)
1、由含铁、锰、锌、铅的烟尘中回收铅,锌的方法,采用碱溶液浸出烟尘,将其中的锌和铅等浸出至碱溶液中,分离液体和固体后,从浸出液中回收锌和铅。其特征在于向含锌<200mg/ml和铅<200mg/ml的浸出液中,加入的按化学计量生成硫化铅和硫化锌所需的硫化钠固体或溶液或硫化氢气体,室温下搅拌5~60分钟后,静止2小时以内,生成和沉淀出硫化锌与硫化铅的混合物,经水洗放入稀盐酸溶液中,保持pH<5,室温下搅拌至pH不再变化,生成氯化锌溶液,过滤分离硫化铅,再将氯化锌溶液的pH调至5~6,生成氧化锌沉淀,过滤得到固体氧化锌,硫化铅和氧化锌的纯度均>95%。
2、根据权利要求1所述的回收方法,其特征在于浸出液中硅和铝的含量大于0.05mg/l时,先向浸出液中兑入石灰乳或固体石灰,使浸出液中氧化钙的质量为二氧化硅和三氧化二铝质量之和的1~3倍,3小时内脱除浸出液中的二氧化硅和三氧化二铝,再进行硫化处理。
3、根据权利要求1所述的回收方法,其特征在于向含锌20.69g/l、铅24.56g/l的浸出液中加入按化学计量计算全部生成硫化锌和硫化铅所需的固体Na2S,室温下搅拌30分钟,静置1小时,沉淀出硫化锌和硫化铅,浸出液中剩余锌的浓度为1.56g/l剩余铅浓度为0.89g/l。
4、根据权利要求1、2所述的回收方法,其特征在于浸出液含硅浓度2.48g/l,含铝浓度为0.67g/l时,向浸出液中加入石灰乳使其氧化钙质量为浸出液中的二氧化硅和三氧化二铝之和的二倍,在30℃下搅拌10分钟再静置沉淀3小时,浸出液中的硅和铝都降至0.5g/l以下,沉淀物含锌和铅均<1%。
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