CN103324048B - Toner, developer, toner cartridge, developer box, handle box, image processing system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image, electrostatic charge image developer, toner cartridge, developer box, handle box, image processing system and image forming method.The tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image includes toner particles and additive, the toner particles contain colouring agent, adhesive resin and antitack agent, wherein described additive contains inorganic particle, and the inorganic particle includes the saturated hydrocarbons with 9~35 carbon atoms in its surface.

Description

Toner, developer, toner cartridge, developer cartridge, process cartridge, image forming apparatus and method

technical field

The present invention relates to a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, a developer for an electrostatic charge image, a toner cartridge, a developer cartridge, a process cartridge, an image forming apparatus, and an image forming method.

Background technique

A method of visualizing image information through an electrostatic charge image is currently being used in various fields such as electrophotography. In electrophotography, an electrostatic charge image (electrostatic latent image) is formed on the surface of a photoreceptor (image holding member) through charging and exposure processes, the electrostatic latent image is developed using a developer containing toner, and transferred and Fixing makes it visualized. As the developer used in this case, there are a two-component developer containing a toner and a carrier; and a one-component developer using a magnetic toner or a non-magnetic toner alone. And, as a method of producing this toner, a kneading and pulverizing method is generally used in which a thermoplastic resin is melted and melt-kneaded together with a pigment, a charge control agent, and a release agent such as wax, cooled, finely pulverized, and classified. Optionally, during the preparation of the toner, inorganic or organic particles for improving fluidity and cleaning properties may be added to the surface of toner particles.

As commonly used toners, those disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 are known.

JP-A-2007-114648 (Patent Document 1) discloses a toner for electrophotography comprising a binder resin, a colorant, and liquid paraffin, wherein the toner for electrophotography is The adjusted weight average molecular weight is 5000-50000.

JP-A-9-204065 (Patent Document 2) discloses a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image containing toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a colorant, and inorganic particles, wherein the The inorganic particles include: inorganic particles (A) treated with at least silicone oil, and inorganic particles (B) containing composite metal oxides, the inorganic particles (B) containing at least Si as a constituent element, and having a weight average particle diameter of 0.3 μm～5μm.

JP-A-2005-338690 (Patent Document 3) discloses a non-magnetic one-component toner applied to an image forming method of an image forming apparatus including a developing unit and a cleaning unit, the developing unit The latent image holding member is charged with a charging member in contact with the latent image holding member, an electrostatic charge image is formed on the charged latent image holding member, and the toner holding member is arranged to face the latent image holding member in a contact or non-contact manner part, and visualize the electrostatic latent image formed on the latent image holding member by developing the toner under the action of an electric field; The toner of the member in which the contact pressure (g/cm) between the cleaning blade and the latent image holding member is 50 to 90. The toner includes toner particles and an external additive, the toner particles include at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a release agent, wherein the weight average particle diameter (D4) of the toner particles is 3 μm to 9 μm, and the toner The average circularity of the particles is 0.95 to 1.00, and at least one kind of silica (A) treated with silicone oil is used as the external additive. In this case, silica (A) satisfies the following conditions: (a) the primary particle diameter is less than 20nm; (b) relative to 100 parts by weight of silica particles, the amount of silicone oil used for treatment is 15 parts by weight ~30 parts by weight; (c) in the test for measuring the wettability of methanol, the width between the starting point and the end point of the ascending section with a transmittance of 98% or less is 2.5% by weight or less relative to the width of the amount of methanol added; ( d) When the viscosity of the silicone oil used for treatment is η (mm ² /s) and the firing temperature of the silicone oil is T (°C; T>200), the value of the expression η×(T-200) is 5500 to 75000 (e) When measured with a laser scattering particle size analyzer, the peak of the volume average particle size distribution is not in the range of 0.04 μm to 1 μm, but at least in the range of 1 μm to 40 μm, and relative to all peaks, 40 μm to 2000 μm The peak frequency ratio ratio in the range is less than 30%.

Contents of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a toner for electrostatic charge image development in which filming or image defects caused by charge leakage can be suppressed even when the toner is exposed to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes toner particles and an external additive, the toner particles contain a colorant, a binder Resin and anti-sticking agent; wherein, the external additive contains inorganic particles, and the inorganic particles contain saturated hydrocarbons with 9 to 35 carbon atoms on their surfaces.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the toner for developing an electrostatic image according to the first aspect, the saturated hydrocarbon has 12 to 30 carbon atoms.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the toner for developing an electrostatic image according to the first aspect, the content of the saturated hydrocarbon is 1% by weight to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the inorganic particles.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the first aspect, 50 area % or more of the surface of the inorganic particle is coated with the saturated hydrocarbon.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the saturated hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, Heptadecane, Octadecane, Nonadecane, Eicosane, Icosane, Docosane, Tricosane, Tetracosane, Pentapentane, The group consisting of hexacane, heptacane, octacosane, nonacane, triacane, hexacane, hexacane and tritricane.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the toner for developing an electrostatic image according to the first aspect, the volume average primary particle diameter of the inorganic particles is 7 nm to 300 nm.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the toner for developing an electrostatic image according to the first aspect, the volume average primary particle diameter of the inorganic particles is 40 nm to 130 nm.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the first aspect, the content of the inorganic particles having the saturated hydrocarbon on the surface thereof is 0.3 relative to the total weight of the toner. % by weight to 10% by weight.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the first aspect, the toner particles contain 2% by weight to 30% by weight of crystals with respect to the total weight of the toner particles. permanent polyester resin.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrostatic charge image developer comprising: the toner according to the first aspect of the present invention; and a carrier.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the electrostatic image developer according to the tenth aspect, the content of the saturated hydrocarbon is 0.1% by weight to 5.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the toner.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a toner cartridge including a toner accommodating chamber storing the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the first aspect.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a developer cartridge including a developer containing chamber containing the electrostatic charge image developer according to the tenth aspect.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process cartridge for an image forming apparatus including a developer holding member holding and carrying a developer of an electrostatic charge image, wherein the electrostatic charge image The developer is the electrostatic charge image developer described in the tenth aspect.

According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the process cartridge for an image forming apparatus according to the fourteenth aspect, the content of the saturated hydrocarbon is 0.1% by weight relative to the total weight of the electrostatic charge image developing toner ~5.5% by weight.

According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image forming apparatus including: an image holding member; a charging unit that charges a surface of the image holding member; a latent image forming unit , the latent image forming unit forms an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image holding member; the developing unit uses a developer to develop the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image holding member, thereby forming a toner image; and a transfer unit that transfers the formed toner image onto a recording medium, wherein the developer is the electrostatic charge image developer of the tenth aspect.

According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, in the image forming apparatus according to the sixteenth aspect, the content of the saturated hydrocarbon is 0.1% by weight to 5.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the electrostatic charge image developing toner %.

According to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image forming method comprising: charging a surface of an image holding member; forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image holding member; using a developer developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image holding member to form a toner image; and transferring the formed toner image to a recording medium, wherein the developer is the electrostatic charge image developer.

According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, in the image forming method according to the eighteenth aspect, the content of the saturated hydrocarbon is 0.1% by weight to 5.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the electrostatic charge image developing toner %.

According to the first and third to ninth aspects of the present invention, it is possible to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image that is resistant to exposure to high temperatures for a long time, compared to the case not having the above configuration. Even in high-humidity environments, image defects can be further suppressed.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image which is longer even when compared with the case where the saturated hydrocarbon has less than 12 carbon atoms or more than 30 carbon atoms. When exposed to high-temperature and high-humidity environments for a long time, image defects can be further suppressed.

According to the tenth and eleventh aspects of the present invention, it is possible to provide an electrostatic charge image developer which, even when exposed to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time, can Image defects are further suppressed.

According to the twelfth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a toner cartridge containing a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, which can be used even when exposed to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time, compared with a case without the above-mentioned structure. Image defects are further suppressed.

According to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a developer cartridge containing an electrostatic charge image developer, which can further suppress the development of the developer even when exposed to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time, compared with the case without the above-mentioned structure. Image defects.

According to the fourteenth and fifteenth aspects of the present invention, it is possible to provide a process cartridge accommodating an electrostatic charge image developer which can be used even when exposed to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time, compared with the case not having the above-mentioned configuration. Image defects are further suppressed.

According to the sixteenth and seventeenth aspects of the present invention, there can be provided an image forming apparatus in which image defects can be further suppressed even when the toner is exposed to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time, compared to the case not having the above-mentioned configuration.

According to the eighteenth and nineteenth aspects of the present invention, there can be provided an image forming method in which image defects can be further suppressed even when the toner is exposed to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time, compared to the case without the above-mentioned configuration.

detailed description

Next, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described.

In an exemplary embodiment, "A∼B" includes not only a range between A and B, but also A and B themselves as both ends thereof. For example, if "A-B" is a numerical range, the range means "greater than or equal to A and less than or equal to B", or "greater than or equal to B and less than or equal to A".

Toner for electrostatic charge image development

The toner for developing an electrostatic image of the exemplary embodiment (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “toner”) includes toner particles containing at least a colorant, a binder resin, and a release agent, and an external additive. , wherein the external additive contains inorganic particles containing saturated hydrocarbons having 9 to 35 carbon atoms on their surfaces.

In development using a two-component developer, particularly in magnetic brush development, there are many cases where toner (ie, toner particles and external additives) is deposited and deformed in the cleaning portion; and is trapped and Remains between the cleaning blade and photoreceptor (image holding member). Long-term deposited substances are fixed on the cleaning blade, causing poor cleaning performance and toner filming on the photoreceptor. As a result, image defects caused by the phenomenon of toner non-adherence, such as color streaks, occur. On the other hand, a method of reducing the coefficient of friction with a photoreceptor by adding a silicone oil-treated external additive has been proposed (JP-A-9-204065). However, the present inventors found that when images are continuously formed for a long time in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, or when a cartridge or an image forming apparatus is left standing in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, the silicone oil absorbs moisture, and the moisture adheres to the toner through the silicone oil or the surface of the carrier, and thus electric charge leaks from the moisture attachment site, thereby causing image defects such as blurring.

After intensive research, the present inventors found that saturated hydrocarbons containing 9 to 35 carbon atoms have low hygroscopicity and hardly absorb moisture even in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment. In addition, the present inventors have found that by using inorganic particles containing on their surfaces saturated hydrocarbons having 9 to 35 carbon atoms as an external additive of toner, the compound does not fade even when exposed to a high-temperature and high-humidity environment for a long time. Absorbs moisture and suppresses image defects caused by charge leakage. In addition, the saturated hydrocarbon has an excellent ability to lower the coefficient of friction between the toner and the photoreceptor, thereby suppressing the adhesion of the toner to the cleaning blade, suppressing image defects caused by toner filming. Therefore, the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image according to the exemplary embodiment can suppress both image defects such as color streaks caused by toner filming and image defects such as fog caused by charge leakage.

External additive

The toner for developing an electrostatic image of the exemplary embodiment contains toner particles and an external additive. The external additive contains inorganic particles including saturated hydrocarbons having 9 to 35 carbon atoms (hereinafter referred to as specific saturated hydrocarbons) on their surfaces.

As for the inorganic particles including saturated hydrocarbons having 9 to 35 carbon atoms on their surfaces, the surfaces of the inorganic particles may be partially coated with specific saturated hydrocarbons. However, it is preferable that 50 area % or more of the surface of the inorganic particle is coated with the specific saturated hydrocarbon, and it is more preferable that 80 area % or more of the surface of the inorganic particle is coated with the specific saturated hydrocarbon. As a method of measuring the coating amount of a specific saturated hydrocarbon, for example, a method of dyeing a specific saturated hydrocarbon with a colorant formed of an organic compound or an aromatic compound, taking an image of the toner or inorganic particles and performing image analysis, thereby The average value of more than 50 inorganic particles was calculated.

In addition, specific saturated hydrocarbons are attached to the surfaces of the inorganic particles. That is, specific saturated hydrocarbons may be physically adsorbed or chemically bonded to the surface of the inorganic particles. However, it is preferred that the specific saturated hydrocarbon is physically adsorbed to the surface of the inorganic particles. According to the above-described examples, toner filming can be further suppressed even when the toner is exposed to a high-temperature, high-humidity environment for a long period of time. Furthermore, in the case of specific saturated hydrocarbon physical adsorption, when using the toner, the specific saturated hydrocarbon is partially separated or directly attached from inorganic particles to a support or photoreceptor, etc., thereby further suppressing toner filming.

Saturated hydrocarbons containing 9 to 35 carbon atoms

The specific saturated hydrocarbon used in the exemplary embodiment has a saturated structure free of unsaturated bonds, and has 9 to 35 carbon atoms. When the number of carbon atoms is less than 9, the volatility is high, and it is difficult to treat the surface of the external additive. On the other hand, when the number of carbon atoms is greater than 35, uniform layer formation is difficult, and it is difficult to sufficiently suppress the formation of charge leakage sites due to adsorption of water molecules.

The number of carbon atoms contained in the specific saturated hydrocarbon is preferably 12-30, more preferably 16-25.

The form of the specific saturated hydrocarbon is not particularly limited, for example, may be linear, branched or cyclic, or may be a mixture. However, the specific saturated hydrocarbon is preferably branched or linear, more preferably linear. In addition, when the specific saturated hydrocarbon has a cyclic structure, the cyclic structure is preferably a 9- to 35-membered monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon.

In an exemplary embodiment, the specific saturated hydrocarbons may include saturated hydrocarbons having less than 9 carbon atoms or more than 35 carbon atoms. However, the content of saturated hydrocarbons having 9 to 35 carbon atoms is preferably 60% by weight or more, more preferably 80% by weight or more, still more preferably 90% by weight or more, even more preferably 99% by weight or more.

Regarding the distribution of the number of carbon atoms contained in the specific saturated hydrocarbon, it is preferable that the range of the number of carbon atoms contained in 90% by weight or more of the specific saturated hydrocarbon is 5 or less. That is, it is preferable to contain 90% by weight or more of specific saturated hydrocarbons having N to N+5 carbon atoms (N is 9 to 30). The range of the number of carbon atoms contained in 90% by weight or more of the specific saturated hydrocarbon is more preferably 3 or less, and still more preferably 2 or less. By using the specific saturated hydrocarbon having a narrow carbon number distribution, the specific saturated hydrocarbon layer formed on the surface of the toner or carrier is uniform, and the formation of charge leakage sites due to adsorption of water molecules is effectively suppressed, which is preferable.

Examples of specific saturated hydrocarbons include straight chain, branched or cyclic nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane , Heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, eicosane (eicosane), twenty-one carbonane, two-two carbonane, three-three-carbon, four-tetradecane, Pentapentacane, Hexacane, Heptacane, Octacane, Nonacane, Triacane, Hexacane, Docosane, and Thirtythree Carbon.

Alternatively, commercially available products such as Isopar-M (manufactured by Exxon Mobil Corporation) can be used.

In an exemplary embodiment, the content of the saturated hydrocarbon is preferably 1% by weight to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the inorganic particles.

Inorganic particles

Inorganic particles containing specific saturated hydrocarbons on their surfaces are not particularly limited, and known inorganic particles such as silica, alumina, titanium oxide (titanium dioxide and metatitanic acid), oxide Granules of cerium, zirconia, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium phosphate and carbon black.

Among them, silica particles or titania particles are preferable, and silica particles are particularly preferable.

Examples of silica particles include particles of fumed silica, colloidal silica, and silica gel.

In addition to the inorganic particles containing specific saturated hydrocarbons on their surfaces, the surfaces of the inorganic particles may be treated with, for example, a silane coupling agent described below or the like.

The volume average primary particle diameter of the inorganic particles is preferably 3 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 7 nm to 300 nm, still more preferably 20 nm to 200 nm, even more preferably 40 nm to 130 nm. Within the above range, transferability of the specific saturated hydrocarbon to the carrier, photoreceptor, etc. is excellent, and toner filming is further suppressed.

It is preferable that the volume average primary particle diameter of the inorganic particles is measured with LS13-320 (manufactured by Beckman Coulter Inc.).

Furthermore, in the toner of the exemplary embodiment, it is preferable that the volume average primary particle diameter of the inorganic particles containing the specific saturated hydrocarbon on the surface thereof is larger than the volume average primary particle diameter of other external additives other than the inorganic particles. .

In the toner of the exemplary embodiment, the content of the inorganic particles containing a specific saturated hydrocarbon on the surface thereof is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3% by weight to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the toner, more preferably 0.5% by weight to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.8% by weight to 2.0% by weight.

Method for producing inorganic particles containing specific saturated hydrocarbon on their surface (surface treatment method)

The method for producing the inorganic particles containing specific saturated hydrocarbons on their surfaces is not particularly limited, and known methods can be used. Furthermore, no chemical treatment is necessary. Even if saturated hydrocarbons are physically adsorbed on the surface of the inorganic particles, the effect of the present invention can be sufficiently exhibited.

Examples of the physical adsorption method include: a drying method such as a spray drying method in which a specific saturated hydrocarbon or a solution containing a specific saturated hydrocarbon is sprayed onto inorganic particles floating in a gas phase; and inorganic particles are immersed in a solution containing a specific saturated hydrocarbon and drying method. In addition, specific saturated hydrocarbons on the surface of the inorganic particles can be chemically treated by heating the physically adsorbed inorganic particles.

In the toner of the exemplary embodiment, the amount of the inorganic particles treated with the specific saturated hydrocarbon (the content of the specific saturated hydrocarbon in the toner) is preferably 0.10% by weight or more relative to the total weight of the toner, more preferably 0.20% by weight or more; and preferably 5.5% by weight or less, more preferably 2.0% by weight or less, and still more preferably 0.50% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the toner. When within the above range, the effect of suppressing toner filming can be further exhibited.

As a method of externally adding an external additive to the toner of the exemplary embodiment, for example, a method of mixing toner particles and an external additive using a Henschel mixer or a V-blender is utilized. Furthermore, in the case where the toner particles are produced by a wet method, the external additive may also be externally added by a wet method.

In addition, for example, a method is employed in which, after externally adding inorganic particles to toner particles, a specific saturated hydrocarbon or a solution containing a specific saturated hydrocarbon is added thereto, and the resultant is mixed using a Henschel mixer or a V-shaped blender .

Among these methods, the physical adsorption method is preferable as a method for producing inorganic particles containing specific saturated hydrocarbons on their surfaces.

Other external additives

The toner of the exemplary embodiment may contain other external additives (hereinafter, referred to as “other external additives”) other than the inorganic particles including the specific saturated hydrocarbon on their surfaces.

In the toner of the exemplary embodiment, the content of other external additives may be smaller than the content of inorganic particles including specific saturated hydrocarbons on their surfaces.

Examples of other external additives include the above-mentioned inorganic particles, resin particles of vinyl resins, polyester resins, silicone resins, and the like.

It is preferable that the surfaces of the inorganic particles used as other external additives are treated with a hydrophobic agent. This hydrophobization treatment is effective in improving the fluidity of toner particles, the environmental dependence of charging, and the resistance to carrier contamination.

The hydrophobizing treatment is performed, for example, by immersing the inorganic particles in a hydrophobizing agent. The hydrophobic agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include silane coupling agents, titanate coupling agents, aluminum coupling agents, and the like. These hydrophobic agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more of them. Among them, a silane coupling agent is preferably used.

As the silane coupling agent, for example, any of chlorosilane, alkoxysilane, silazane, and special silylating agent can be used.

Specific examples thereof include: methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, phenyltrichlorosilane, diphenyldichlorosilane, tetramethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, Dimethyldimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, diphenyldimethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, phenyl Triethoxysilane, Diphenyldiethoxysilane, Isobutyltriethoxysilane, Decyltrimethoxysilane, Hexamethyldisilazane, N,O-bis(trimethylsilane base) acetamide, N,N-(trimethylsilyl) urea, tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride, vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, γ -Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidol Oxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, γ-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and γ-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane.

The content of the water-repellent agent varies with the type of inorganic particles, etc., and it is difficult to specify generally, but the content is preferably 1 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the inorganic particles. In an exemplary embodiment, it is preferable to use a commercially available product as the hydrophobic silica particles.

The average primary particle diameter of other external additives is preferably 3 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 100 nm, and still more preferably 5 nm to 50 nm.

toner particles

The toner for developing an electrostatic charge image of the exemplary embodiment includes toner particles including a colorant, a binder resin, and a release agent. In addition, the toner particles may also contain known additives such as charge control agents.

binder resin

Examples of the binder resin include: polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; styrene resins including polystyrene or poly(α-methylstyrene) as a main component; polymethyl methacrylate or (meth)acrylic resins with polyacrylonitrile as the main component; styrene-(meth)acrylic copolymer resins; polyamide resins; polycarbonate resins; polyether resins; polyester resins; and copolymers thereof resin. However, when used in a toner for electrostatic image development, styrene resins, (meth)acrylic resins, styrene-(meth)acrylic copolymer resins are preferable from the standpoint of charge stability and development durability. and polyester resin.

The binder resin preferably contains a polyester resin, more preferably an amorphous (non-crystalline) polyester resin, from the viewpoint of low-temperature fixability.

The polyester resin is obtained by, for example, polycondensation of polycarboxylic acid and polyhydric alcohol.

Examples of polycarboxylic acids include: aromatic carboxylic acids such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic acid and naphthalene dicarboxylic acid; aliphatic carboxylic acids such as maleic anhydride , fumaric acid, succinic acid, alkenyl succinic anhydride and adipic acid; alicyclic carboxylic acids such as cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid; and their lower alkyl esters and anhydrides. The lower alkyl refers to a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. These polyvalent carboxylic acids may be used alone or in combination of two or more of them. Among these polyvalent carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids are preferred. Furthermore, in order to obtain a crosslinked structure or a branched structure to secure excellent fixability, it is preferable to use a trivalent or higher carboxylic acid (for example, trimellitic acid and its anhydride) in combination with a dicarboxylic acid.

Examples of polycarboxylic acids used to obtain amorphous polyester resins include: aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, 1 ,4-Phenylenediacetic acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic acids having cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups; and anhydrides and lower alkyl esters thereof.

Examples of polyhydric alcohols include: aliphatic diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, and glycerin; alicyclic diols such as cycloaliphatic Hexylene glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol and hydrogenated bisphenol A; aromatic diols such as ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A and propylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A. These polyols may be used alone or in combination of two or more of them.

As polyols for obtaining amorphous polyesters, for example, aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic polyols are preferable, and specific examples thereof include 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol , oxyalkylene adducts of bisphenol A, oxyalkylene adducts of bisphenol Z and oxyalkylene adducts of hydrogenated bisphenol A. Among these, the use of an oxyalkylene adduct of bisphenol A is preferable, and the use of an ethylene oxide 2-mole adduct of bisphenol A and a propylene oxide 2-mole adduct of bisphenol A is more preferable.

Furthermore, in order to obtain a crosslinked structure or a branched structure for more excellent fixability, it is preferable to use a trivalent or higher alcohol such as glycerin, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol in combination with diol.

The glass transition temperature (hereinafter may be abbreviated as "Tg") of the amorphous polyester resin is preferably 50°C to 80°C, more preferably 50°C to 70°C. When Tg is 80° C. or lower, low-temperature fixability is excellent, which is preferable. In addition, when the Tg is 50° C. or higher, the heat-resistant preservability is excellent, and the preservability of the fixed image is also excellent, which is preferable.

The acid value of the amorphous polyester resin is preferably 5 mgKOH/g to 25 mgKOH/g, more preferably 6 mgKOH/g to 23 mgKOH/g. When the acid value is 5 mgKOH/g or more, the affinity of the toner to paper and chargeability are excellent. In addition, in the case where the toner is produced by the following emulsion aggregation method, emulsified particles are easily produced, and the aggregation rate in the aggregation process and the shape change rate in the coalescence process in the emulsion aggregation method are suppressed without being significantly increased, Thus, it is easy to control the particle size and shape. In addition, when the acid value of the amorphous polyester resin is 25 mgKOH/g or less, the environmental dependence of charging is not adversely affected. In addition, when toner is produced by the emulsion aggregation method, the aggregation rate during aggregation and the shape change rate during aggregation are suppressed without being significantly increased, thereby preventing deterioration in productivity.

When the molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran (THF) soluble matter of the amorphous polyester resin is measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 7,000 to 500,000; the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 2,000 to 100,000, and the molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn is preferably 1.5 to 100, more preferably 2 to 60.

When the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the amorphous polyester resin are within the above-mentioned range, the low-temperature fixability is not deteriorated, and the level of image fixation is excellent, which is preferable.

In an exemplary embodiment, the toner particles may contain a crystalline polyester resin.

The crystalline polyester resin exhibits compatibility with the amorphous polyester resin when melted, thereby significantly reducing the toner viscosity. As a result, a toner having more excellent low-temperature fixability can be obtained. Among the crystalline polyester resins, the melting temperature of most crystalline aromatic polyester resins is generally higher than the melting temperature range described below. Therefore, when a crystalline polyester resin is included, a crystalline aliphatic polyester resin is more preferable.

In the exemplary embodiment, the content of the crystalline polyester resin in the toner particles is preferably 2% by weight to 30% by weight, more preferably 4% by weight to 25% by weight. When the content is 2% by weight or more, the viscosity of the amorphous polyester resin at the time of melting can be reduced, thereby improving low-temperature fixability. When the content is 30% by weight or less, the deterioration of toner chargeability due to the presence of the crystalline polyester resin is prevented, and in addition, after the image is fixed on the recording medium, a high fixation level can be easily obtained. image.

The melting temperature of the crystalline polyester resin is preferably 50°C to 90°C, more preferably 55°C to 90°C, even more preferably 60°C to 90°C. When the melting temperature is 50° C. or higher, the storability of the toner and the storability of the fixed toner image are excellent. When the melting temperature is 90° C. or lower, low-temperature fixability is improved.

The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the amorphous polyester resin is preferably 30°C or higher, more preferably 30°C to 100°C, and still more preferably 50°C to 80°C. Within the above range, since the amorphous polyester resin is used in a glassy state, the toner particles are not aggregated by heat or pressure applied during image formation, and the toner particles are not attached and deposited in the image forming apparatus . As a result, a stable image forming function can be obtained for a long period of time.

The glass transition temperature of the resin can be measured by a known method such as the method described in ASTM D3418-82 (DSC method).

The melting temperature of the crystalline resin is measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and can be obtained by using JIS while raising the temperature from room temperature to 150°C at a temperature increase rate of 10°C/min. In the case of measurement by the input-compensated differential scanning calorimetry shown in K-7121, the melting peak temperature was taken as the melting temperature.

The "crystallinity" of a crystalline resin means that a clear endothermic peak is shown in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), rather than a step-like endothermic change, and specifically means that: when the temperature rises at a rate of 10°C/min When the measurement was performed, the half width of the endothermic peak was within 15°C.

On the other hand, resins in which the half width of the endothermic peak exceeds 15° C. and resins in which a clear endothermic peak is not observed are defined as amorphous (non-crystalline) resins. The glass transition temperature of the amorphous resin is measured according to ASTM D3418 using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC-50 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) equipped with an automatic tangential processing system. The measurement conditions are as follows.

Sample: 3mg～15mg, preferably 5mg～10mg

Measurement method: put the sample into an aluminum pan, and prepare an empty aluminum pan as a reference.

Temperature curve: temperature rise I (20°C ~ 180°C, temperature rise rate is 10°C/min)

In the temperature profile, the glass transition temperature is measured from the endothermic curve measured during the temperature increase.

The glass transition temperature is the temperature at which the differential value of the endothermic curve is maximum.

In addition, when the crystalline polyester resin is a polymer in which other components are copolymerized with its main chain, and the other components are less than 50% by weight, the copolymer is also called a crystalline polyester.

As the acid component used for synthesizing the crystalline polyester resin, for example, various polyvalent carboxylic acids are used, but dicarboxylic acids are preferred, and linear aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are more preferred.

Examples include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1,9-nonanedicarboxylic acid, 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid, Alkane dicarboxylic acid, 1,11-undecane dicarboxylic acid, 1,12-dodecane dicarboxylic acid, 1,13-tridecane dicarboxylic acid, 1,14-tetradecane dicarboxylic acid, 1,16-hexadecane dicarboxylic acid Alkanedicarboxylic acid and 1,18-octadecanedicarboxylic acid, etc., and their lower alkyl esters and anhydrides. But the acid component is not limited to these examples. Among them, adipic acid, sebacic acid, and 1,10-decanedicarboxylic acid are preferable in view of easy availability.

In addition, as the acid component used for synthesizing the crystalline polyester resin, dicarboxylic acids having ethylenically unsaturated bonds and dicarboxylic acids having sulfonic acid groups can be used.

As the alcohol component used for synthesizing the crystalline polyester resin, aliphatic diols are preferable, and examples thereof include: ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1 ,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,11-undecanediol, 1 , 12-dodecanediol, 1,13-tridecanediol, 1,14-tetradecanediol, 1,18-octadecanediol and 1,20-eicosanediol, etc. But the alcohol component is not limited to these examples. Among them, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, and 1,10-decanediol are preferable in view of easy availability and cost.

The molecular weight (weight average molecular weight Mw) of the crystalline polyester resin is preferably 8,000 to 40,000, more preferably 10,000 to 30,000 from the standpoints of resin production, particle dispersion during toner production, and compatibility during melting. When the weight-average molecular weight is 8,000 or more, a decrease in electrical resistance of the crystalline polyester resin is suppressed, and thus chargeability is prevented from being deteriorated. In addition, when the weight average molecular weight is 40,000 or less, the cost of synthetic resin is suppressed, and deterioration of definite meltability is prevented. As a result, there was no adverse effect on low-temperature fixability.

In an exemplary embodiment, the molecular weight of the polyester resin is measured and calculated using GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography). Specifically, HLC-8120 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) was used as GPC, TSK gel SuperHM-M (15 cm, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) was used as a column, and the polyester resin was measured in THF solvent. Next, the molecular weight of the polyester resin was calculated using a molecular weight calibration curve prepared from a monodisperse polystyrene standard.

There is no particular limitation on the method of producing the polyester resin, and a common polyester polymerization method in which an acid component and an alcohol component are reacted with each other can be used. For example, depending on the type of monomer, a direct polycondensation method, a transesterification method, and the like are employed. When the acid component and the alcohol component are reacted with each other, the molar ratio (acid component/alcohol component) varies depending on the reaction conditions and the like, so it is difficult to limit it in general, but in order to obtain a high molecular weight, the molar ratio is generally preferably about 1/1.

Examples of catalysts that can be used in the polyester resin production process include: compounds of alkali metals such as sodium or lithium; compounds of alkaline earth metals such as magnesium or calcium; metals such as zinc, manganese, antimony, titanium, tin, zirconium or germanium compounds; phosphite compounds, phosphate compounds and amine compounds.

Styrenic resins and (meth)acrylic resins, particularly styrene-(meth)acrylic copolymer resins, can be used as the binder resin in the present invention.

By mixing 60 parts by weight to 90 parts by weight of vinyl aromatic monomers (styrene monomers), 10 parts by weight to 40 parts by weight of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylate monomers ((meth)acrylate monomers) body) and 1 to 3 parts by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated acid monomer to obtain a monomer mixture, polymerize the monomer mixture to obtain a copolymer, and preferably disperse and stabilize the obtained copolymer with a surfactant Vulcanized latex is used as a binder resin component.

The glass transition temperature of the above-mentioned copolymer is preferably 50°C to 70°C.

Hereinafter, polymerizable monomers constituting the above-mentioned copolymer resin will be described.

Examples of styrenic monomers include: styrene; α-methylstyrene; vinylnaphthalene; alkyl-substituted styrenes having an alkyl chain such as 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-Methylstyrene, 2-ethylstyrene, 3-ethylstyrene or 4-ethylstyrene; halogen-substituted styrenes such as 2-chlorostyrene, 3-chlorostyrene or 4-chlorostyrene Styrene; fluorine-substituted styrenes such as 4-fluorostyrene or 2,5-difluorostyrene. Among them, styrene is preferred as the styrenic monomer.

Examples of (meth)acrylate monomers include: methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylate ) n-pentyl acrylate, n-hexyl (meth)acrylate, n-heptyl (meth)acrylate, n-octyl (meth)acrylate, n-decyl (meth)acrylate, n-dodecyl (meth)acrylate Lauryl (meth)acrylate, n-tetradecyl (meth)acrylate, n-hexadecyl (meth)acrylate, n-octadecyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylate ) isopropyl acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, isopentyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate, neopentyl (meth)acrylate, Isohexyl (meth)acrylate, isoheptyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, phenyl (meth)acrylate, (meth) Biphenyl acrylate, diphenylethyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butylphenyl (meth)acrylate, terphenyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid tert-Butylcyclohexyl, Dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, Diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, Methoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 2-Hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate , β-carboxyethyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylonitrile and (meth)acrylamide. Among them, n-butyl acrylate is preferred as the (meth)acrylate monomer.

Ethylenically unsaturated acid monomers contain carboxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, or acidic groups such as anhydrides.

Styrenic resins, (meth)acrylic resins, and styrene-(meth)acrylic copolymer resins containing carboxyl groups can be obtained by copolymerizing a polymerizable monomer having a carboxyl group.

Specific examples of the polymerizable monomer having a carboxyl group include: acrylic acid, aconitic acid, atropic acid, allylmalonic acid, angelic acid, isocrotonic acid, itaconic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, elaidic acid, erucic acid, oleic acid, o-carboxycinnamic acid, crotonic acid, chloroacrylic acid, chloroisocrotonic acid, chlorocrotonic acid, chlorofumaric acid, chloromaleic acid, cinnamic acid, cyclohexyl Alkenedicarboxylic acid, citraconic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, dihydroxycinnamic acid, tigelic acid, nitrocinnamic acid, vinylacetic acid, phenylcinnamic acid, 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid, ferulic acid , fumaric acid, cis-furic acid, 2-(2-furyl)acrylic acid, bromocinnamic acid, bromofumaric acid, bromomaleic acid, benzylidenemalonic acid, benzoyloxyacrylic acid, 4-Pentenoic acid, maleic acid, methyl fumaric acid, methacrylic acid, methyl cinnamic acid and methoxycinnamic acid. Among them, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, cinnamic acid and fumaric acid are preferred, and acrylic acid is more preferred in order to facilitate the polymerization reaction.

The binder resin can be polymerized using a chain transfer agent.

The chain transfer agent is not particularly limited, and a compound having a thiol component can be used. Specifically, alkyl mercaptans such as hexyl mercaptan, heptyl mercaptan, octyl mercaptan, nonyl mercaptan, decyl mercaptan are preferable from the viewpoint of narrow molecular weight distribution and excellent toner storability at high temperature. Alcohol and Dodecyl Mercaptan.

Optionally, the binder resin may contain a crosslinking agent. As a representative example of the crosslinking agent, a polyfunctional monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in a molecule can be used.

Specific examples of the crosslinking agent include: aromatic polyvinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinylnaphthalene; polyvinyl esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids such as divinyl phthalate, m-phthalate, Divinyl dicarboxylate, divinyl terephthalate, divinyl homophthalate, divinyl/trivinyl trimellitate, divinyl naphthalene dicarboxylate, and divinyl biphenylcarboxylate ; divinyl esters of nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, such as divinyl pyridinedicarboxylate; vinyl esters of carboxylic acids of unsaturated heterocyclic compounds, such as vinyl pyromucate, vinyl furoate, pyrrole-2 - Vinyl formate and vinyl thiophenecarboxylate; (meth)acrylates of linear polyols, such as butylene glycol methacrylate, hexylene glycol methacrylate, octane glycol methacrylate, decanediol Acrylates and dodecanediol methacrylates; (meth)acrylates of branched or substituted polyols such as neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate and 2-hydroxy-1,3- Diacryloxypropane; polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate and polypropylene glycol polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate; and polyvinyl esters of polycarboxylic acids such as divinyl succinate, Divinyl fumarate, vinyl/divinyl maleate, divinyl diglycolate, vinyl/divinyl itaconate, divinyl acetone dicarboxylate, divinyl glutarate, 3 ,Divinyl 3'-thiodipropionate, divinyl cisaconate/trivinyl cisaconate, divinyl adipate, divinyl pimelate, divinyl suberate, diazelaate Vinyl ester, divinyl sebacate, divinyl dodecanedioate, divinyl tridecanedioate, etc.

In exemplary embodiments, these crosslinking agents may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination.

The content of the crosslinking agent is preferably 0.05% by weight to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.1% by weight to 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymerizable monomers.

Among binder resins, binder resins that can be produced by radical polymerization of polymerizable monomers can be polymerized using a radical polymerization initiator.

There is no particular limitation on the radical polymerization initiator. Specific examples thereof include: peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, acetyl peroxide, cumyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, propionyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, chlorobenzoyl peroxide, di Chlorobenzoyl, bromomethylbenzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, diisopropyl peroxycarbonate, tetralin hydroperoxide, 1-phenyl- 2-Methylpropyl-1-hydroperoxide, tert-butyltriphenylperacetate hydroperoxide, tert-butylperformate, tert-butylperacetate, tert-butylperbenzoate, tert-butylbenzene butyl peracetate, tert-butyl methoxy peracetate and tert-butyl N-(3-toluoyl) percarbamate; azo compounds such as 2,2'-azobispropane, 2, 2'-Dichloro-2,2'-azobispropane, 1,1'-azobis(methylethyl) diacetate, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) salt salt, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) nitrate, 2,2'-azobisisobutane, 2,2'-azobisisobutyramide, 2,2'- Azobisisobutyronitrile, methyl 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionate), 2,2'-dichloro-2,2'-azobisbutane, 2,2' -Azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), dimethyl 2,2'-azobisisobutyrate, 1,1'-azobis(1-methylbutyronitrile-3-sodium sulfonate) , 2-(4-methylphenylazo)-2-methylmalononitrile, 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid), 3,5-dihydroxymethylphenylazo Nitrogen-2-methylmalononitrile, 2-(4-bromophenylazo)-2-allylmalononitrile, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylvaleronitrile), 4, 4'-Azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid) dimethyl ester, 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 1,1'-azobiscyclohexanenitrile, 2,2'-Azobis(2-propylbutyronitrile), 1,1'-Azobis(1-chlorophenylethane), 1,1'-Azobis(1-cyclohexanenitrile) , 1,1'-azobis(1-cycloheptanitrile), 1,1'-azobis(1-phenylethane), 1,1'-azobiscumene, 4-nitrobenzene Benzyl azocyanoacetate, phenylazodiphenylmethane, phenylazotriphenylmethane, 4-nitrophenylazotriphenylmethane, 1,1'-azobis(1 ,2-diphenylethane), poly(bisphenol A-4,4'-azobis(4-cyanovalerate)) and poly(tetraethylene glycol-2,2'-azobis isobutyl ester); 1,4-bis(pentaethylene)-2-tetraazene and 1,4-dimethoxycarbonyl-1,4-diphenyl-2-tetraazene.

Furthermore, examples of crystalline vinyl resins include vinyl resins obtained from esters of (meth)acrylic acid having long-chain alkyl or alkenyl groups, such as pentyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, ester, heptyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, undecyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylic acid Tridecyl, Myristyl (meth)acrylate, Hexadecyl (meth)acrylate, Octadecyl (meth)acrylate, Octadecenyl (meth)acrylate and behenyl (meth)acrylate. In this specification, "(meth)acrylic acid" means either or both of "acrylic acid" and "methacrylic acid".

In addition, the weight average molecular weight of addition polymerization resins such as styrene resins and (meth)acrylic resins is preferably 5,000 to 50,000, more preferably 7,000 to 35,000. When the weight average molecular weight is 5,000 or more, the adhesive force of the binder resin is excellent, and the hot stain property is not deteriorated. In addition, when the weight average molecular weight is 50,000 or less, excellent hot off-off property and minimum fixing temperature can be obtained. In addition, the time and temperature required for the polycondensation reaction are moderate, and the production efficiency is excellent.

In this case, the weight average molecular weight of the binder resin can be measured using, for example, gel permeation chromatography (GPC).

The content of the binder resin in the toner of the exemplary embodiment is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by weight to 95% by weight, more preferably 25% by weight to 90% by weight, relative to the total weight of the toner, More preferably, it is 45 weight% - 85 weight%. When it is within the above range, it is excellent in fixability, chargeability, and the like.

Colorant

Toner particles contain a colorant.

Examples of the colorant used in the toner of the exemplary embodiment include: magnetic powder such as magnetite or ferrite; various pigments such as carbon black, lamp black, chrome yellow, Hansa yellow, benzidine yellow, Lin Huang, Quinoline Yellow, Permanent Orange GTR, Pyrazolone Orange, Varacan Orange, Lake Lake Red, Permanent Red, Brilliant Carmine 3B, Brilliant Carmine 6B, DuPont Oil Red, Pyrazolone Red , Lisol Red, Rhodamine B Lake, Lake Red C, Rose Bengal, Aniline Blue, Ultramarine Blue, Calco Oil Blue, Chloromethylene Blue, Phthalocyanine Blue, Phthalocyanine Green, and Malachite Green Oxalate; and Acridine, xanthene, azo, benzoquinone, azine, anthraquinone, thioindigo, dioxazine, thiazine, azomethine, indigo, phthalocyanine, nigrosine, polymethine, triphenylmethane , diphenylmethane, and various dyes of thiazoles. These examples may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.

In addition, for example, C.I. Pigment Red 48:1, C.I. Pigment Red 122, C.I. Pigment Red 57:1, C.I. Pigment Yellow 97, C.I. Pigment Yellow 17, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:1, and C.I. Pigment Blue 15:3 can also be used.

The content of the colorant in the toner particles is preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin contained in the toner particles. Furthermore, optionally, it is also effective to use a surface-treated colorant or pigment dispersant. By appropriately selecting the kind of colorant, toners of various colors such as yellow toner, magenta toner, cyan toner, and black toner can be obtained.

anti-sticking agent

The toner particles contain a release agent.

There is no particular limitation on the release agent used in the exemplary embodiment. Known release agents can be used, and the following waxes are preferred.

Examples thereof include: paraffin wax and its derivatives, montan wax and its derivatives, microcrystalline wax and its derivatives, Fischer-Tropsch wax and its derivatives, polyolefin wax and its derivatives. The derivatives include polymers with oxides and vinyl monomers; and graft modifications. As other examples, alcohols, fatty acids, vegetable waxes, animal waxes, mineral waxes, ester waxes, amides, and the like can also be used.

The melting point of the wax used as the release agent is preferably 70°C to 140°C, and the melt viscosity is preferably 1 centipoise to 200 centipoise, more preferably 1 centipoise to 100 centipoise. When the melting point is above 70°C, the change temperature of the wax is high enough. Therefore, it is excellent in both blocking resistance and developability when the internal temperature of the copier is high. When the melting point is below 140°C, the change temperature of the wax is low enough. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform fixing at a high temperature, and the energy-saving characteristics are excellent. In addition, when the melt viscosity is 200 centipoise or less, the elution from the toner is moderate, and the fixing release property is excellent.

In the toner of the exemplary embodiment, the release agent is selected in terms of fixability, toner blocking, toner strength, and the like. The amount of the release agent added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 20 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin contained in the toner particles.

other additives

Optionally, the toner particles may contain various components such as internal additives or charge control agents in addition to the above-mentioned components.

Examples of internal additives include metals such as ferrite, magnetite, reduced iron, cobalt, nickel or manganese, alloys thereof, and magnetic materials such as compounds containing the above metals.

Examples of the charge control agent include quaternary ammonium salt compounds, nigrosine compounds, dyes formed from complexes of aluminum, iron, and chromium, and triphenylmethane pigments.

The manufacturing method of the toner particles used in the exemplary embodiment is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used. Specific examples of the production method of toner particles are as follows: kneading and pulverizing method, in which binder resin, colorant, release agent (and optionally charge control agent, etc.) are kneaded, pulverized, and classified; A method of changing the shape of particles obtained by means of kneading and pulverization by force or thermal energy; an emulsification aggregation method in which a dispersion liquid in which a binder resin is emulsified and dispersed is mixed with a colorant and a release agent (and optionally an electric charge) control agent, etc.) dispersions are mixed, coagulated, heated and coalesced to obtain toner particles; an emulsion polymerization coagulation method in which a dispersion obtained by emulsifying and polymerizing a polymerizable monomer of a binder resin is mixed with a colorant and A release agent (and optionally a charge control agent, etc.) is mixed, aggregated, heated, and aggregated to obtain toner particles; a suspension polymerization method in which a polymerizable monomer for obtaining a binder resin and a colorant containing A solution of an anti-adhesive agent (and optional charge control agent, etc.) is suspended in an aqueous solvent, and polymerized; A solution of a charge control agent, etc.) is suspended in an aqueous solvent for granulation. In addition, a production method may be employed in which toner particles obtained by the above method are used as cores, and aggregated particles are attached, heated, and coalesced to produce a core-shell structure.

Among them, it is preferable that the toner of the exemplary embodiment is a toner obtained by an emulsion aggregation method or an emulsion polymerization aggregation method (emulsion aggregation toner).

The volume average particle diameter of the particle diameter of the toner obtained in the above manner is preferably 2 μm to 8 μm, more preferably 3 μm to 7 μm. When the volume average particle diameter is 2 μm or more, since the fluidity of the toner is excellent and sufficient chargeability is imparted by the carrier, background blur and deterioration of density reproducibility are suppressed. In addition, when the volume average particle diameter is 8 μm or less, the reproducibility, color tone, and graininess of fine dots can be significantly improved, thereby obtaining high-quality images. The volume average particle diameter is measured with a measuring machine such as COULTER MULTISIZER II (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.).

The toner particles preferably have a quasi-spherical shape from the standpoint of improvement in development and transfer efficiency and high image quality. The sphericity of the toner particles can be represented by a shape factor SF1 of the expression shown below. The average value (average shape factor) of the shape factor SF1 of the toner particles used in the exemplary embodiment is preferably less than 145, more preferably 115 or more and less than 140, further preferably 120 or more and less than 140. When the average value of the shape factor SF1 is less than 145, excellent transfer efficiency is obtained and image quality is high.

expression 1

In the above expressions, ML represents the maximum length of each toner particle, and A represents the projected area of each toner particle.

Here, the average value of the shape factor SF1 (average shape factor) was obtained by inputting 1,000 toner images magnified 250 times by an optical microscope to an image analyzer (LUZEX III, manufactured by Nireco Corporation) by the maximum length thereof and the projected area to calculate the SF1 value of each particle, and take the average value of these values.

electrostatic charge image developer

The electrostatic charge image developing toner of the exemplary embodiment is preferably used as an electrostatic charge image developer.

The electrostatic charge image developer of the exemplary embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it contains the electrostatic charge image developing toner of the exemplary embodiment, and the composition of its components is appropriately changed depending on the use. When the toner for developing an electrostatic image of the exemplary embodiment is used alone, a one-component electrostatic image developer is prepared; when the toner for developing an electrostatic image of the exemplary embodiment is used in combination with a carrier, a two-component is prepared Electrostatic charge image developer.

A method is used in which, as a one-component developer, toner particles are charged by triboelectric charging using a developing sleeve or a charging member, and developed according to an electrostatic latent image to obtain a toner image.

In the exemplary embodiment, there is no particular limitation on the developing method, but a two-component developing method is preferred. In addition, there is no particular limitation on the carrier as long as it satisfies the above conditions. Examples of the core material of the carrier include: magnetic metals such as iron, steel, nickel or cobalt; alloys of the above metals and manganese, chromium or rare earth elements and the like; magnetic oxides such as ferrite or magnetite and the like. However, ferrite, especially an alloy with manganese, lithium, strontium, or magnesium, is preferable from the viewpoint of core material surface properties and electrical resistance.

It is preferable that the surface of the core material of the carrier used in the exemplary embodiment is coated with a resin. The resin is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected depending on the application. Examples thereof include well-known resins such as: polyolefin resins such as polyethylene or polypropylene; polyvinyl-based resins and polyvinylidene resins such as polystyrene, acrylic resins, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl Vinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl ether or polyvinyl ketone; vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers; styrene-acrylic acid copolymers; containing organosiloxane linkages Pure silicone resins or their modifications; fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride or polychlorotrifluoroethylene; silicone resins; polyesters; polyurethanes; polycarbonates; phenolic resins; amino Resins such as urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine resins, benzoguanamine resins, urea resins or polyamide resins; and epoxy resins. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, among the above resins, at least a fluororesin and/or a silicone resin is preferably used. When at least a fluororesin and/or a silicone resin is used as the resin, the effect of suppressing carrier contamination (soiling) due to toner or external additives is high, which is preferable.

In the coating layer formed from the resin, it is preferable that resin particles and/or conductive particles are dispersed in the resin. Examples of resin particles include thermoplastic resin particles and thermosetting resin particles. Among them, thermosetting resin particles are preferable from the viewpoint of relatively easily increasing hardness, and resin particles of a nitrogen-containing resin containing nitrogen atoms are preferable from the viewpoint of imparting negative chargeability to the toner. In addition, the resin particles may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination. The average particle diameter of the resin particles is preferably 0.1 μm to 2 μm, more preferably 0.2 μm to 1 μm. When the average particle diameter of the resin particles is 0.1 μm or more, the dispersibility of the resin particles in the coating layer is excellent. In addition, when the average particle diameter of the resin particles is 2 μm or less, the resin particles are difficult to come off from the coating.

Examples of the conductive particles include: metal particles such as particles of gold, silver or copper; carbon black particles; etc. particles. The conductive particles may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in combination. Among them, carbon black particles are preferable from the viewpoints of high production stability, low cost, high conductivity, and the like. The type of carbon black is not particularly limited, but carbon black having a DBP oil absorption of 50 ml/100 g to 250 ml/100 g is preferable because of its excellent production stability. The amount of the resin, resin particles and conductive particles coated on the surface of the core material is preferably 0.5% by weight to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 0.7% by weight to 3.0% by weight.

There is no particular limitation on the method of forming the coating. For example, the method of preparing a coating layer containing resin particles (such as cross-linked resin particles) and/or conductive particles in a solvent and a resin such as styrene acrylic resin, fluororesin, or silicone resin as a matrix resin may be used. with solution.

Specific examples thereof include: a dipping method in which a core material of a carrier is immersed in the solution for coating formation; a spray method in which the solution for forming a coating layer is sprayed onto the surface of a core material of a carrier; and kneading coating A method in which a carrier core material is mixed with a coating layer forming solution in a state where the carrier core material is floated by an air current, and the solvent is removed. Among them, in the exemplary embodiment, the kneading coating method is preferable.

There is no particular limitation on the solvent used in the coating layer forming solution as long as the solvent can dissolve the resin as the matrix resin. The solvent may be selected from known solvents, examples of which include: aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene or xylene; ketones such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone; and ethers such as tetrahydrofuran or dioxane. In the case where the resin particles are dispersed in the coating layer, the resin particles and the resin as the matrix resin are uniformly dispersed in the thickness direction thereof and in the circumferential direction of the carrier surface. Therefore, even if the carrier is used for a long period of time and the coating is abraded, the same surface as before use can always be maintained, and the excellent charge-imparting property to the toner can be maintained for a long period of time. In the case where the conductive particles are dispersed in the coating layer, the conductive particles and the resin as the matrix resin are uniformly dispersed in the thickness direction thereof and in the circumferential direction of the carrier surface. Therefore, even when the carrier is used for a long period of time and the coating is abraded, the same surface as before use can always be maintained, and deterioration of the carrier is prevented for a long period of time. In addition, in the case where the resin particles and the conductive particles are dispersed in the coating layer, the same effects as above are exhibited at the same time.

In an electric field of 10 ⁴ V/cm and in a magnetic brush state, the electrical resistance of the entire magnetic carrier formed in the above manner is preferably 10 ⁸ Ωcm to 10 ¹³ Ωcm. When the electrical resistance of the magnetic carrier is 10 ⁸ Ωcm or more, the attachment of the carrier to the image portion on the image holding member is suppressed, and brush marks are hardly formed. On the other hand, when the electrical resistance of the magnetic carrier is 10 ¹³ Ωcm or less, the occurrence of edge effects is suppressed, and high-quality images can be obtained.

In this case, electrical resistance (volume resistance) was measured in the following manner.

On the lower plate of the measuring device (the measuring device is a pair of size- The sample is placed for a 20 cm2 circular plate (made of steel) so as to form a flat layer about 1 mm to 3 mm thick. Next, the upper plate was placed on the samples, and then a 4 kg weight was placed on the upper plate to remove the gaps between the samples. In this state, the thickness of the sample layer is measured. Next, the current value is measured by applying a voltage to the two plates, and the volume resistance is calculated from the following expression.

Volume resistance = applied voltage × 20 ÷ (current value - initial current value) ÷ sample thickness

In the above formula, the initial current value refers to the current value when the applied voltage is 0, and the current value refers to the measured current value.

Regarding the mixing ratio of the toner and the carrier of the exemplary embodiment in the two-component electrostatic image developer, the amount of the toner is preferably 2 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the carrier. In addition, there is no particular limitation on the method of preparing the developer, for example, a method of mixing components using a V-shaped blender is employed.

image forming method

In addition, the electrostatic charge image developer (toner for developing an electrostatic charge image) is used in an image forming method of an electrostatic charge image developing method (electrophotography).

The image forming method of the exemplary embodiment includes: a charging step of charging the surface of the image holding member; a latent image forming step of forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image holding member; a developing step of using a developer containing toner to make the The latent electrostatic image formed on the surface of the image holding member is developed to form a toner image; and a transfer step of transferring the toner image onto a surface of a transfer medium; and further optionally includes: a fixing step of fixing the toner image transferred onto the surface of the transfer medium; and a cleaning step of cleaning the electrostatically charged image developer remaining on the image holding member. In this method, the electrostatic charge image developing toner of the exemplary embodiment or the electrostatic charge image developer of the exemplary embodiment may be used as a developer.

The respective steps are well-known general steps and are disclosed in, for example, JP-A-56-40868 and JP-A-49-91231. The image forming method of the exemplary embodiment can be performed using a known image forming apparatus such as a copier or a facsimile.

In the latent image forming step, an electrostatic latent image is formed on the image holding member (photoreceptor).

In the developing step, the electrostatic latent image is developed using the developer layer on the developer holding member, thereby forming a toner image. There is no particular limitation on the developer layer as long as the developer layer contains the electrostatic charge image developing toner of the exemplary embodiment.

In the transfer step, the toner image is transferred onto a transfer medium. Furthermore, as the transfer medium in the transferring step, for example, an intermediate transfer medium and a recording medium such as paper are used.

In the fixing step, for example, a method is used in which the toner image transferred onto the transfer paper is fixed and a reproduced image is formed using a heat roller fuser whose temperature is set constant.

In the cleaning step, the developer remaining on the image holding member is cleaned.

Furthermore, in the cleaning step of the image forming method of the exemplary embodiment, it is preferable to remove the electrostatically charged image developer remaining on the image holding member by a cleaning blade.

As the recording medium, known recording media such as paper or OHP sheets for electrophotographic copiers or printers can be used, and preferable examples thereof include coated paper in which the surface of plain paper is coated with resin or the like, and coated paper for printing .

The image forming method of the exemplary embodiment may further include a recycling step. In the recovery step, the electrostatic charge image developing toner collected in the cleaning step is transferred to the developer layer. The image forming method including the recovery step is performed using an image forming apparatus such as a toner recovery system type copier or facsimile machine. In addition, a recovery system in which development and toner recovery are performed simultaneously may be employed.

image forming device

The image forming apparatus of the exemplary embodiment includes: an image holding member; a charging unit that charges a surface of the image holding member; a latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the image holding member; a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image by a developer of toner; and a transfer unit that transfers the toner image from the image holding member to a surface of a transfer medium; and also optionally A fixing unit that fixes a toner image transferred onto a surface of the transfer medium; and a cleaning unit that cleans the image holding member are included. In this device, the electrostatic charge image developing toner of the exemplary embodiment or the electrostatic charge image developer of the exemplary embodiment can be used as a developer.

The image forming apparatus of the exemplary embodiment is not particularly limited as long as the image forming apparatus includes at least an image holding member, a charging unit, an exposure unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, a fixing unit, and a cleaning unit; The image forming apparatus may further include a charge removing unit and the like.

The transfer unit can perform two or more transfers using an intermediate transfer medium. Furthermore, as the transfer medium of the transfer unit, for example, an intermediate transfer medium and a recording medium such as paper can be used.

For the image holding member and the respective units, the members described in the respective steps of the image forming method described above are preferably used. Known units of an image forming apparatus can be used as each unit. In addition, the image forming apparatus of the exemplary embodiment may include units or devices, etc., other than the above-described components. In addition, the image forming apparatus of the exemplary embodiment may simultaneously operate a plurality of units among the above-described units.

In addition, as a cleaning unit for cleaning the electrostatically charged image developer remaining on the image holding member, for example, a cleaning blade, a cleaning brush, etc. can be used, but the cleaning blade is preferable.

Preferable examples of the material of the cleaning blade include urethane rubber, neoprene rubber, and silicone rubber.

Toner, Developer, and Process Cartridges

The toner cartridge of the exemplary embodiment contains at least the electrostatic charge image developing toner of the exemplary embodiment.

The developer cartridge of the exemplary embodiment contains at least the electrostatic charge image developer of the exemplary embodiment.

Further, the process cartridge of the exemplary embodiment includes: a developing unit that develops an electrostatic latent image formed on a surface of the image holding member with an electrostatic charge image developing toner or an electrostatic charge image developer to form a toner image; and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of: a charging unit that charges the surface of the image holding member, and a cleaning unit that removes toner remaining on the surface of the image holding member. Also, the process cartridge contains at least the electrostatic charge image developing toner of the exemplary embodiment or the electrostatic charge image developer of the exemplary embodiment.

It is preferable that the toner cartridge of the exemplary embodiment includes a toner accommodating chamber containing the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image of the exemplary embodiment and is detachable in the image forming apparatus. That is, in an image forming apparatus in which the toner cartridge is detachable, it is preferable to use the toner cartridge of the exemplary embodiment in which the toner of the exemplary embodiment is accommodated.

The developer cartridge of the exemplary embodiment is not particularly limited as long as the developer cartridge includes an electrostatic charge image developer containing the electrostatic charge image developing toner of the exemplary embodiment. For example, a developer cartridge includes a developer accommodating chamber containing the electrostatic charge image developer of the exemplary embodiment. Also, the developer cartridge is detachable in an image forming apparatus having a developing unit, and contains, as a developer supplied to the developing unit, an electrostatic charge image developer containing the electrostatic charge image developing toner of the exemplary embodiment.

In addition, the developer cartridge may contain toner and a carrier. Alternatively, a cartridge containing the toner alone and a cartridge containing the carrier alone may be provided separately.

It is preferable that the process cartridge of the exemplary embodiment is attachable and detachable in the image forming apparatus.

In addition, optionally, the process cartridge of the exemplary embodiment may further include other units such as a static removing unit.

For the toner cartridge and the process cartridge, known configurations can be employed, and see, for example, the configurations disclosed in JP-A-2008-209489 and JP-A-2008-233736.

Example

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail with reference to examples, but exemplary embodiments are not limited to these examples. In the following description, unless otherwise specified, "parts" means "parts by weight".

Method for Measuring Weight Average Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution of Resins

The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the binder resin and the like were obtained under the following conditions. "HLC-8120GPC, SC8020 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)" was used as GPC, two "TSKgel, Super HM-H (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, 6.0mmID x 15cm)" were used as columns, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as elution agent. The IR detector was used to test under the following experimental conditions: sample concentration 0.5%, flow rate 0.6ml/min, sample injection volume 10 μl, measurement temperature 40°C. In addition, 10 samples of "polystyrene standard sample TSK standard" were used to make a calibration curve, and the 10 samples were "A-500", "F-1", "F-10", "F-80", "F-380", "A-2500", "F-4", "F-40", "F-128" and "F-700" (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation)

Volume average particle diameter of resin particles, colorant particles, etc.

The volume average particle diameters of the resin particles, colorant particles, and the like are measured using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., LA-700).

Measurement method of melting temperature and glass transition temperature of resin

According to ASTM D3418-8, the melting temperature of the crystalline polyester resin and the glass of the amorphous polyester resin were obtained from the main body maximum peak measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC-7, manufactured by PerkinElmer Co., Ltd.) Transformation temperature (Tg). The temperature correction of the detection part of the device (DSC-7) was performed using the melting points of indium and zinc, and the heat of fusion of indium was used to correct the heat. Heating at a rate of temperature increase of 10°C/min, the sample was placed in an aluminum pan, and an empty pan was used for comparison.

Measurement method of volume average particle diameter of toner particles

The volume average particle diameter of the toner particles is measured with a Coulter Multisizer II (manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.). ISOTON-II (manufactured by Beckkan Coulter, Inc.) was used as the electrolytic solution.

For the measurement method, first, using a surfactant as a dispersant, preferably 0.5 mg to 50 mg of a measurement sample is added to 2 ml of a 5% aqueous solution of sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate. This solution was added to 100ml to 150ml of electrolyte solution. The electrolytic solution in which the measurement sample was suspended was dispersed for about 1 minute using an ultrasonic dispersing device, and the particle size distribution of particles of 2.0 μm to 60 μm was measured using a Coulter Multisizer II using pores with a pore size of 100 μm. The number of particles measured was 50,000.

In the divided particle size range (section), the cumulative distribution of the measured particle size distributions is obtained by weight and volume from the smaller particle size side. The particle diameter at 50% of the cumulative value in the cumulative distribution is defined as the weight average particle diameter and the volume average particle diameter.

Calculation method of shape factor

The shape factor SF1 is obtained by the following equation.

SF1=100π×(ML) ² /(4×A)

In this formula, ML represents the maximum length of the toner particle, and A represents the projected area of the toner particle. The particles sampled on the glass slide were observed through an optical microscope, image data was input to an image analyzer (LUZEXIII, manufactured by Nireco Corporation) through a video camera, and the image was analyzed to obtain the maximum length and projected area of the toner particles. At this time, the number of samples is 100 or more, and using the average value thereof, the shape factor is obtained from the above formula.

Preparation of toner particles

Preparation of each dispersion

Preparation of Crystalline Polyester Resin Particle Dispersion 1

Put 260 parts of 1,12-dodecanedicarboxylic acid, 165 parts of 1,10-decanediol, and 0.035 parts of tetrabutoxy titanate as a catalyst into a three-necked bottle heated and dried, and then reduce the inner pressure of the container , under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen at 180° C. under mechanical stirring for 6 h at reflux. Thereafter, the temperature was slowly raised to 220° C. by distillation under reduced pressure, and stirring was carried out for 2 to 3 hours. When the resultant was viscous, the distillation under reduced pressure was stopped and air cooling was performed. As a result, crystalline polyester resin 1 was obtained.

The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the crystalline polyester resin 1 obtained above was 12,000 when measured by the above method. In addition, the melting temperature of the crystalline polyester resin 1 obtained above was 72° C. when measured by the above-mentioned measuring method using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

Next, 180 parts of crystalline polyester resin 1 and 580 parts of deionized water were put into a stainless steel beaker, and heated to 95° C. in a hot bath. When the crystalline polyester resin 1 was melted, it was stirred at 8,000 rpm using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA Japan K.K., ULTRA-TURRAX T50) while dilute ammonia water was added thereto to adjust the pH to 7.0. Next, 20 parts of an aqueous solution diluted with 0.8 parts of an anionic surfactant (manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., NEOGENR) was added dropwise, followed by emulsification dispersion. As a result, a crystalline polyester resin particle dispersion 1 (resin particle concentration: 12.5% by weight) having a volume average particle diameter of 0.24 μm was prepared.

Preparation of Amorphous Polyester Resin Particle Dispersion 1

73 parts of dimethyl adipate, 182 parts of dimethyl terephthalate, 217 parts of bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct, 41 parts of ethylene glycol and 0.038 parts of tetrabutoxy titanate as catalyst Put it into a heated and dried two-neck bottle. Nitrogen gas was introduced into the container to maintain an inert atmosphere, followed by heating with stirring, and a copolycondensation reaction was performed at 160° C. for about 7 hours. Then, while slowly reducing the pressure to 10 Torr (1.33×10 ⁻³ Mpa), the resultant was heated to 220° C. and kept for 3.5 hours. The pressure was temporarily returned to normal pressure, 9 parts of trimellitic anhydride was added, the pressure was slowly lowered to 10 Torr (1.33×10 ^-3 Mpa) again, and the resultant was maintained for 1 hour. As a result, an amorphous polyester resin 1 was synthesized.

In addition, the glass transition temperature of the amorphous polyester resin 1 thus obtained was 58° C. when measured by the above-mentioned measuring method using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the amorphous polyester resin 1 was 11,000 when measured by the above-mentioned measurement method using GPC.

Next, 115 parts of amorphous polyester resin 1, 180 parts of deionized water and 5 parts of anionic surfactant (manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., NEOGEN R) were mixed, heated to 120°C, Sufficient dispersion was performed using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA Japan K.K, ULTRA-TURRAX T50), followed by dispersion treatment for 1 hour using a pressure discharge type Gaulin homogenizer. As a result, an amorphous polyester resin particle dispersion 1 (resin particle concentration: 40% by weight) was prepared.

Preparation of Styrene-Acrylic Resin Dispersion 1

·Oil layer

Styrene (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries): 32 parts

n-Butyl acrylate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries): 8 parts

β-carboxyethyl acrylate (manufactured by Rhodia Nikka Ltd.): 1.2 parts

Dodecanethiol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries): 0.5 part

·Water layer 1

Ion-exchanged water: 17.0 parts

Anionic surfactant (sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, manufactured by Rhodia): 0.50 parts

· Water layer 2

Ion exchanged water: 40 parts

Anionic surfactant (sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, manufactured by Rhodia): 0.06 parts

Ammonium persulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries): 0.4 parts

The above-mentioned components of the oil layer and the water layer 1 were put into a flask, stirred, and mixed to prepare a monomer emulsion dispersion. The ingredients of the above-mentioned aqueous layer 2 were put into a reaction vessel. The inside of the container was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen, and heated with stirring in an oil bath until the temperature of the reaction system reached 75°C.

The above monomer emulsion dispersion was slowly added dropwise to the reaction vessel over 3 hours to perform emulsion polymerization. After the dropwise addition, the polymerization was continued at 75° C. and stopped after 3 hours. As a result, styrene-acrylic resin dispersion 1 was obtained.

In the styrene-acrylic resin dispersion 1 thus obtained, the resin particles had a volume-average particle diameter of 330 nm and a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 12,500 when measured by the method described above. In addition, the glass transition temperature was 52° C. when measured by the above-mentioned measuring method using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

Preparation of colorant dispersion

100 parts of cyan pigment (manufactured by Dainichiseika & Chemicals Mfg. Co., Ltd., Pigment Blue 15:3 (copper phthalocyanine)), 5 parts of anionic surfactant (manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., NEOGENR ) and 300 parts of ion-exchanged water were mixed, dispersed for 10 minutes using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA Japan K.K, ULTRA-TURRAXT50), and placed in a circulation-type ultrasonic disperser (manufactured by Nissei Corporation, RUS-600TCVP). As a result, a colorant dispersion liquid is obtained.

In the colorant dispersion liquid thus obtained, the volume average particle diameter of the colorant (cyan pigment) was 0.17 μm when measured by the above-mentioned measuring method using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. In addition, the solid content in this cyan colorant dispersion liquid was 24% by weight.

Preparation of anti-adhesive dispersion

95 parts of Fischer-Tropsch wax FNP92 (melting point: 92°C, manufactured by Nippon Serio Co., Ltd.), 3.6 parts of anionic surfactant (manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., NEOGEN R) and 360 parts Ion-exchanged water was mixed, heated to 100°C, sufficiently dispersed using a homogenizer (manufactured by IKA Japan K.K, ULTRA-TURRAX T50), and dispersed using a pressure discharge type Gaulin homogenizer. As a result, a release agent dispersion liquid was prepared.

In the release agent dispersion thus obtained, the volume average particle diameter of the release agent was 0.24 μm when measured by the above measurement method using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. In addition, the solid content in this release agent dispersion liquid was 20% by weight.

Preparation of Toner Particles 1

Put 104.4 parts of crystalline polyester resin particle dispersion 1, 336.1 parts of amorphous polyester resin particle dispersion 1, 45.4 parts of colorant dispersion, 115.3 parts of release agent dispersion and 484 parts of deionized water into a stainless steel circle Shaped flask, use ULTRA-TURRAX T50 to mix and disperse thoroughly. Next, 0.37 parts of polyaluminum chloride was added thereto, and dispersion was continued using ULTRA-TURRAX T50. Subsequently, the flask was heated to 52° C. with stirring in a heating oil bath. After maintaining this state at 52° C. for 3 hours, 175 parts of the amorphous polyester resin particle dispersion 1 was slowly added thereto. After that, the pH value of the system was adjusted to 8.5 using 0.5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Subsequently, the stainless steel flask was sealed and heated to 90° C. for 3 hours using a magnetic seal while stirring was continued. After the reaction was stopped, the resultant was cooled, filtered, sufficiently washed with ion-exchanged water, and then subjected to solid-liquid separation through a Nutsche vacuum filter. The resultant was again dispersed in ion-exchanged water at 30° C., stirred at 300 rpm for 15 minutes, and washed. Repeat the above process 5 times. When the pH value of the filtrate becomes 6.85, the conductivity is 8.2 μS/cm, and the surface tension becomes 70.5 Nm, the washing is completed, and then the solid-liquid separation is carried out through a Nutsche vacuum filter using No. 5A filter paper, and vacuum drying is carried out for 12 hours . As a result, toner particles 1 were obtained.

The glass transition temperature of Toner Particle 1 thus obtained was 54.0° C. when measured by the method described above. The volume average particle diameter of the toner particles 1 was 5.8 μm when measured using the above measurement method. In addition, the average circularity of the toner particles 1 was 0.959 when measured using the above-mentioned measuring method.

Preparation of Toner Particles 2

Styrene-acrylic resin dispersion 1:70 parts

Colorant dispersion: 14 parts

Release agent dispersion: 22 parts

Polyaluminum chloride: 0.14 parts

Put the above ingredients into a stainless steel round flask, use ULTRA-TURRAX T50 to mix and disperse thoroughly. Next, 0.32 parts of polyaluminum chloride was added thereto, and dispersion was continued with ULTRA-TURRAX T50. In addition, the flask was heated to 47° C. with stirring in a heating oil bath. After maintaining this state at 47°C for 60 minutes, 30 parts of styrene-acrylic resin dispersion 1 was slowly added thereto.

Afterwards, the pH value of the system was adjusted to 6.0 using 0.5 mol/L aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The stainless steel flask was then sealed and heated to 96° C. for 3.5 hours using a magnetic seal while stirring was continued. After the reaction was stopped, the resultant was cooled, filtered, sufficiently washed with ion-exchanged water, and then subjected to solid-liquid separation through a Nutsche vacuum filter. The resultant was again dispersed in ion-exchanged water at 40° C., stirred at 300 rpm for 15 minutes, and washed.

Repeat the above process 5 times. When the pH of the filtrate was 7.01, the electrical conductivity was 9.7 μS/cm and the surface tension was 71.2 Nm, the washing was stopped, followed by solid-liquid separation using No. 5A filter paper through a Nutsche vacuum filter, and vacuum drying for 12 hours. As a result, Toner Particles 2 were produced.

The volume average particle diameter of the thus obtained toner particles 2 was 5.7 μm when measured using the above-mentioned measuring method. In addition, the average circularity of the toner particles 2 was 0.957 when measured using the above-mentioned measuring method.

Preparation of Toner Particles 3

Extrusion was used for a mixture of 100 parts of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer (weight average molecular weight Mw=150,000, copolymerization ratio of 80:20), 5 parts of carbon black (Mogul L, manufactured by Cabot Corporation) and 6 parts of carnauba wax. It was kneaded out of the machine and finely pulverized using a jet mill, followed by spheroidization with warm air using a Kryptron (manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.), and classification using a wind classifier. As a result, toner particles 3 having an average particle diameter of 6.2 μm were obtained.

Handle the preparation of external additive 1

10 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica R8200 (average particle diameter 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), 0.75 parts of nonane (linear, 9 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD.), 1.25 parts of decane (straight chain, 10 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD.), 0.375 parts of undecane (straight chain, 11 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO. ., LTD.) and 0.125 parts of eicosane (straight chain, 20 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD.). As a result, Treatment External Additive 1 was obtained.

Handle the preparation of external additive 2

10 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica R8200 (average particle diameter 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and 2.5 parts of eicosane (linear, 20 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., Ltd.) were mixed using a sample mill. , LTD. manufacture). As a result, Treatment External Additive 2 was obtained.

Handle the preparation of external additive 3

10 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica R8200 (average particle diameter 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and 2.5 parts of docosane (straight chain, 32 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICALINDUSTRY CO., LTD. manufacture). As a result, Treatment External Additive 3 was obtained.

Handle the preparation of external additive 4

10 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica R8200 (average particle diameter 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and 0.5 parts of eicosane (linear, 20 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICALINDUSTRY CO., Ltd.) were mixed using a sample mill. ., LTD. manufacturing). As a result, Treatment External Additive 4 was obtained.

Handle the preparation of external additive 5

Using a sample mill, 10 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica R8200 (average particle diameter 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and 2.5 parts of Isopar-M (branched, 13 to 17 carbon atoms, manufactured by Exxon Mobil Chemical Company manufacturing). As a result, Treatment External Additive 5 was obtained.

Handle the preparation of external additive 6

10 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica R8200 (average particle diameter 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and 2.5 parts of cyclododecane (cyclic, 12 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., Ltd.) were mixed using a sample mill. ., LTD. manufacturing). As a result, Treatment External Additive 6 was obtained.

Handle the preparation of external additive 7

10 parts of hydrophobic titanium dioxide JMT-150AO (average particle diameter: 15 nm, manufactured by Tayca Corporation) and 2.5 parts of eicosane (linear, 20 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD.) were mixed using a sample mill . As a result, Treatment External Additive 7 was obtained.

Handle the preparation of external additive 8

10 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica R8200 (average particle diameter 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and 7.3 parts of eicosane (linear, 20 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICALINDUSTRY CO., Ltd.) were mixed using a sample mill. ., LTD. manufacturing). As a result, treated external additive 8 was obtained.

Handle the preparation of external additive 9

10 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica R8200 (average particle diameter 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), 2.0 parts of eicosane (linear, 20 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRYCO ., LTD.) and 0.5 part of docosane (straight chain, 32 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD.). As a result, Treatment External Additive 9 was obtained.

Handle the preparation of external additive 10

10 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica R8200 (average particle diameter 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and 2.5 parts of simethicone KF-96-50cs (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. , Ltd. manufacturing). As a result, treated external additive 10 was obtained.

Handle the preparation of external additive 11

10 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica R8200 (average particle diameter 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and 2.5 parts of heptane (linear, 7 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. manufacture). As a result, treated external additive 11 was obtained.

Handle the preparation of external additive 12

10 parts of hydrophobic fumed silica R8200 (average particle diameter 12 nm, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.) and 2.5 parts of n-octadecane (linear, 38 carbon atoms, manufactured by TOKYO Manufactured by CHEMICALINDUSTRY CO., LTD.). As a result, treated external additive 12 was obtained.

Example 1

Preparation of Toner 1 Added with External Additive

With respect to 100 parts of Toner Particles 1, 2.0 parts of Treatment External Additive 1 was added and mixed using a sample mill. As a result, Toner 1 to which an external additive was added was obtained.

Preparation of Developer 1

Toner 1 to which an external additive was added was added to ferrite carrier particles having a weight average particle diameter of 50 μm coated with 1% by weight of polymethyl methacrylate (manufactured by Soken Chemical & Engineering Co., Ltd.), so that The concentration of the toner was 5% by weight, and then stirred and mixed for 30 minutes using a V-shaped blender. As a result, Developer 1 was prepared.

Using the developer 1 thus obtained, the following tests were performed. The test results are shown in Table 1.

Image printing test

Image printing tests were carried out using an evaluation test machine (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "multifunction machine for evaluation") obtained by remodeling a DocuCenter Color f450 multifunction machine (manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.), taking out all A developer is contained; and the cyan toner cartridge and the developing unit are filled with the toner according to Examples and Comparative Examples of the exemplary embodiment and a developer corresponding to the toner.

As printing paper, A4 size paper (C2 paper, manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.) was used, and images were printed in A4 landscape orientation for evaluation testing.

For the evaluation test, solid images of 1.2 cm x 17.0 cm (the side in the printing direction is the long side) were printed as test charts at positions of 4 cm, 14 cm and 23 cm from the upper end of the A4 paper in the longitudinal direction of the paper.

The image density was measured using X-Rite 938 (manufactured by Nihon Heiban Kizai Co., Ltd.). Measure the target area five times, and take the average value as the image density. Every time 1000 images are printed, the image density is adjusted based on the measurement result of the image density of the printed image so that the image density ID is 1.25 to 1.55.

Inspection of image quality deterioration due to toner filming and background blur due to charge leakage

The initial state of the evaluation test is as follows. Under the conditions of a temperature of 20° C. and a humidity of 55%, 10000 test charts were printed, and then 10 halftone images were printed on the entire surface so that the image density ID was 0.40 to 0.60. In this case, the tenth printed image was set as an initial image sample for evaluation.

Then, the evaluation multifunction machine containing the developer and toner was moved to an environment with a temperature of 30° C. and a humidity of 80%, and stored for 48 hours. Then, 10000 test charts are printed. Next, 10 halftone images having an image density ID of 0.40 to 0.60 were printed on the entire surface, and the tenth printed image was used as an image sample for evaluation.

For image samples for evaluation, color streak contamination due to toner filming was visually inspected and determined according to the following index. A and B are acceptable. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

A: No color streak pollution was found

B: Found small color streak contamination, but within acceptable range

C: Found obvious color streak pollution

For the same image sample for evaluation, background blur caused by charge leakage was visually checked and determined according to the following index. A and B are acceptable. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

A: Almost no background blur is visually observed

B: Some defects are visually observed, but cannot be seen as background blur

C: Some defects are visually observed, which can be seen as background blur

Example 2

Preparation of Toner 2 Added with External Additive

With respect to 100 parts of toner particles 1, 2 parts of treatment external additive 2 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, Toner 2 to which the external additive was added was obtained.

Preparation of Developer 2

Developer 2 was obtained by the same preparation method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 2 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the developer 2 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 3

Preparation of Toner 3 Added with External Additive

With respect to 100 parts of toner particles 1, 2 parts of treatment external additive 3 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, Toner 3 to which the external additive was added was obtained.

Preparation of developer 3

Developer 3 was obtained by the same production method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 3 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the developer 3 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 4

Preparation of Toner 4 Adding External Additives

With respect to 100 parts of toner particles 1, 2 parts of treatment external additive 4 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, Toner 4 to which the external additive was added was obtained.

Preparation of Developer 4

Developer 4 was obtained by the same production method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 4 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the developer 4 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 5

Preparation of Toner 5 Adding External Additives

With respect to 100 parts of toner particles 1, 2 parts of treatment external additive 5 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, Toner 5 to which an external additive was added was obtained.

Preparation of developer 5

Developer 5 was obtained by the same production method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 5 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the developer 5 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 6

Preparation of Toner 6 Added with External Additive

With respect to 100 parts of toner particles 1, 2 parts of treatment external additive 6 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, Toner 6 to which an external additive was added was obtained.

Preparation of developer 6

Developer 6 was obtained by the same production method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 6 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the developer 6 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 7

Preparation of Toner 7 Added with External Additive

With respect to 100 parts of toner particles 1, 2 parts of treatment external additive 7 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, Toner 7 to which the external additive was added was obtained.

Preparation of developer 7

Developer 7 was obtained by the same production method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 7 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the developer 7 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 8

Preparation of Toner 8 Adding External Additives

With respect to 100 parts of toner particles 2, 2 parts of treatment external additive 2 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, Toner 8 to which an external additive was added was obtained.

Preparation of developer 8

Developer 8 was obtained by the same production method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 8 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using Developer 8 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 9

Preparation of Toner 9 Added with External Additive

With respect to 100 parts of toner particles 3, 2 parts of treatment external additive 2 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, Toner 9 to which an external additive was added was obtained.

Preparation of developer 9

Developer 9 was obtained by the same production method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 9 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the developer 9 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 10

Preparation of Toner 10 Added with External Additive

With respect to 100 parts of Toner Particles 1, 6 parts of Treatment External Additive 8 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, external additive-added toner 10 was obtained.

Preparation of developer 10

Developer 10 was obtained by the same production method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 10 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the developer 10 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 11

Preparation of Toner 11 Added with External Additive

With respect to 100 parts of toner particles 1, 2 parts of treatment external additive 9 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, external additive-added toner 11 was obtained.

Preparation of developer 11

Developer 11 was obtained by the same preparation method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 11 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the developer 11 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative example 1

Preparation of Toner 11 Added with External Additive

With respect to 100 parts of Toner Particles 1, 2 parts of Treatment External Additive 10 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, external additive-added toner 11 was obtained.

Preparation of developer 11

Developer 11 was obtained by the same preparation method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 11 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the developer 11 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative example 2

Preparation of Toner 12 Added with External Additive

With respect to 100 parts of toner particles 1, 2 parts of treatment external additive 11 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, external additive-added toner 12 was obtained.

Preparation of developer 12

Developer 12 was obtained by the same preparation method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 12 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the developer 12 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative example 3

Preparation of Toner 13 Added with External Additive

With respect to 100 parts of toner particles 1, 2 parts of treatment external additive 12 were added and mixed with a sample mill. As a result, Toner 13 to which the external additive was added was obtained.

Preparation of developer 13

Developer 13 was obtained by the same preparation method as Developer 1 except that external additive-added toner 13 was used instead of external additive-added toner 1 .

The same test as in Example 1 was performed using the developer 13 thus obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

The foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand various exemplary embodiments of the invention as suited to the particular use contemplated and various improvements. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (19)

1. a kind of tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image, the tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image is included：

Toner particles, the toner particles contain colouring agent, adhesive resin and antitack agent；With

Additive,

Wherein, the additive contains inorganic particle, and the inorganic particle is included with 9~35 carbon atoms in its surface Saturated hydrocarbons, the content of the saturated hydrocarbons is the weight % of 1 weight %~30 of the gross weight relative to the inorganic particle.

2. tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image as claimed in claim 1,

Wherein, the saturated hydrocarbons has 12~30 carbon atoms.

3. tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image as claimed in claim 1,

Wherein, the scope of carbon number contained in more than the 90 weight % saturated hydrocarbons is less than or equal to 5.

4. tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image as claimed in claim 1,

Wherein, more than the 50 area % on the surface of the inorganic particle are coated with the saturated hydrocarbons.

5. tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image as claimed in claim 1,

Wherein, the saturated hydrocarbons is selected from union alkane, decane, hendecane, 12 carbon alkane, tridecane, tetradecane, 15 carbon Alkane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, nonadecane, icosane, heneicosane, docosane, 23 Carbon alkane, lignocerane, pentacosane, hexacosane, heptacosane, octacosane, nonacosane, 30 carbon The group that alkane, hentriacontane, dotriacontane and tritriacontane are constituted.

6. tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image as claimed in claim 1,

Wherein, the volume average primary particle diameter of the inorganic particle is 7nm~300nm.

7. tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image as claimed in claim 1,

Wherein, the volume average primary particle diameter of the inorganic particle is 40nm~130nm.

8. tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image as claimed in claim 1,

Wherein, the content of the inorganic particle in its surface with the saturated hydrocarbons is the gross weight relative to the toner The weight % of 0.3 weight %~10.

9. tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image as claimed in claim 1,

Wherein, the toner particles contain the weight %'s of 2 weight % of the gross weight relative to the toner particles~30 Crystalline polyester resin.

10. a kind of electrostatic charge image developer, the electrostatic charge image developer is included：

Toner described in claim 1；With

Carrier.

11. electrostatic charge image developer as claimed in claim 10,

Wherein, the content of the saturated hydrocarbons is the weight % of 0.1 weight %~5.5 of the gross weight relative to the toner.

12. a kind of toner cartridge, the toner cartridge includes：

Toner accommodating chamber, the toner accommodating chamber is accommodated with the tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image described in claim 1.

13. a kind of developer box, the developer box includes：

Developer-accommodating room, the developer-accommodating room is accommodated with the electrostatic charge image developer described in claim 10.

14. a kind of processing box for image forming device, described image forming apparatus is included with handle box：

The developer holding member of electrostatic charge image developer is kept and delivers,

Wherein, the electrostatic charge image developer is the electrostatic charge image developer described in claim 10.

15. processing box for image forming device as claimed in claim 14,

Wherein, the content of the saturated hydrocarbons is 0.1 weight of the gross weight relative to the tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image Measure the weight % of %~5.5.

16. a kind of image processing system, described image forming apparatus includes：

Image holding member；

Charhing unit, the charhing unit charges to the surface of described image holding member；

Sub-image formation unit, the sub-image formation unit forms electrostatic latent image on the surface of described image holding member；

Developing cell, the electrostatic latent image that the developing cell makes to be formed on the surface of described image holding member using developer Development, so as to form toner image；With

The toner image formed is transferred in recording medium by transfer printing unit, the transfer printing unit,

Wherein, the developer is the electrostatic charge image developer described in claim 10.

17. image processing system as claimed in claim 16,

Wherein, the content of the saturated hydrocarbons is 0.1 weight of the gross weight relative to the tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image Measure the weight % of %~5.5.

18. a kind of image forming method, described image forming method includes：

The surface of image holding member is charged；

Electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of described image holding member；

The latent electrostatic image developing for making to be formed on the surface of described image holding member using developer, so as to form toner figure Picture；With

The toner image formed is transferred in recording medium,

Wherein, the developer is the electrostatic charge image developer described in claim 10.

19. image forming method as claimed in claim 18,

Wherein, the content of the saturated hydrocarbons is 0.1 weight of the gross weight relative to the tone agent for developing electrostatic charge image Measure the weight % of %~5.5.