CN103322151B - A kind of method reducing the vibration of high-speed, high precision ball screw - Google Patents
A kind of method reducing the vibration of high-speed, high precision ball screw Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种降低高速高精度滚珠丝杠振动的方法，属于精密加工技术领域。本发明包括：滚珠丝杠（附有螺母），滚珠丝杠沿轴向开有通孔形成中空滚珠丝杠，中空滚珠丝杠的通孔内设有带有负电荷金属棒，滚珠丝杠通孔内壁附有一层带正电荷的薄膜材料，金属棒与滚珠丝杠的通孔内壁之间设有轻质量带负电荷的小颗粒。本发明主要利用带电颗粒的运动消耗滚珠丝杠旋转过程中产生的振动或冲击的变形能量，可以有效地降低高速滚珠丝杠的转动惯量，缓解温升过快，可有效地降低高速滚珠丝杠的噪声和振动，提高数控机床的加工精度，改善高精度丝杠的力学性能。<!--1-->
The invention relates to a method for reducing the vibration of a high-speed and high-precision ball screw, belonging to the technical field of precision machining. The invention includes: a ball screw (with a nut), the ball screw has a through hole along the axial direction to form a hollow ball screw, the through hole of the hollow ball screw is provided with a negatively charged metal rod, the ball screw passes through A layer of positively charged film material is attached to the inner wall of the hole, and small particles with light weight and negative charge are arranged between the metal rod and the inner wall of the through hole of the ball screw. The invention mainly uses the movement of charged particles to consume the deformation energy of vibration or impact generated during the rotation of the ball screw, which can effectively reduce the moment of inertia of the high-speed ball screw, alleviate the excessive temperature rise, and effectively reduce the temperature of the high-speed ball screw. noise and vibration, improve the machining accuracy of CNC machine tools, and improve the mechanical properties of high-precision screw. <!--1-->
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种降低高速高精度滚珠丝杠振动的方法，属于精密加工技术领域。 The invention relates to a method for reducing the vibration of a high-speed and high-precision ball screw, belonging to the technical field of precision machining.
背景技术 Background technique
目前国内数控机床普遍采用的是实心的滚珠丝杠，主要缺点是高转速运行时其动力性能不够高、振动加剧、温升过快、转动惯量大、噪声大等。滚珠丝杠的动力学性能达不到高速运转加工的技术要求，从而降低了数控机床的加工精度及整机性能。 At present, solid ball screw is commonly used in domestic CNC machine tools. The main disadvantages are that its dynamic performance is not high enough, vibration is aggravated, temperature rise is too fast, large moment of inertia, and noise are large when running at high speed. The dynamic performance of the ball screw cannot meet the technical requirements of high-speed machining, thereby reducing the machining accuracy and overall performance of the CNC machine tool.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种降低高速高精度滚珠丝杠振动的方法。提出一种降低滚珠丝杠振动、减少滚珠丝杠温升速度、减小滚珠丝杠转动惯量以及提高机床加工高精度的方法。 The object of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing the vibration of a high-speed and high-precision ball screw. A method for reducing the vibration of the ball screw, reducing the temperature rise rate of the ball screw, reducing the moment of inertia of the ball screw and improving the high precision of the machine tool is proposed.
技术解决方案： Technical solution:
一种降低高速高精度滚珠丝杠振动的方法，包括：滚珠丝杠，滚珠丝杠沿轴向开有通孔，形成中空滚珠丝杠，中空滚珠丝杠的通孔内设有一根带有负电荷金属棒，滚珠丝杠通孔内壁附有一层带正电荷的薄膜材料，金属棒与滚珠丝杠的通孔内壁之间放置有轻质量带负电荷的小颗粒。 A method for reducing the vibration of a high-speed and high-precision ball screw, comprising: a ball screw, the ball screw is provided with a through hole along the axial direction to form a hollow ball screw, and a through hole with a negative Charged metal rod, a layer of positively charged film material is attached to the inner wall of the through hole of the ball screw, and small particles with light weight and negative charge are placed between the metal rod and the inner wall of the through hole of the ball screw.
所述正电荷的薄膜材料采用铝、铜或银材料制成。 The positively charged film material is made of aluminum, copper or silver.
所述小颗粒的半径从3.5mm-9.5mm，质量从1g-20g之间。 The radius of the small particles is from 3.5mm to 9.5mm, and the mass is from 1g to 20g.
本发明金属棒与滚珠丝杠的通孔内壁之间放置有不同质量、不同直径的带负电荷的小颗粒。 Negatively charged small particles with different masses and different diameters are placed between the metal rod and the inner wall of the through hole of the ball screw.
所述小颗粒为球形、椭圆或圆柱棒。 The small particles are spherical, elliptical or cylindrical rods.
所述小颗粒采用塑料或金属材料制成。 The small particles are made of plastic or metal materials.
一种降低高速高精度滚珠丝杠振动的方法，其特征在于：在滚珠丝杠沿轴向开有通孔，在滚珠丝杠通孔的内壁涂有一层可带有正电荷的薄膜材料，中空滚珠丝杠内设有一根可带有负电荷的金属棒，金属棒与中空滚珠丝杠内壁之间放入带有负电荷的小颗粒，小颗粒同时受到负电荷金属棒的排斥力和丝杠中空内壁的正电荷的吸引力，被吸附在滚珠丝杠中空内壁上，当滚珠丝杠运行产生振动或者受到冲击时，小颗粒受迫振动而产生运动并相互碰撞，进而消耗丝杠的振动能量，能量消散后又被电场作用吸附在滚珠丝杠中空内壁上。 A method for reducing the vibration of a high-speed and high-precision ball screw, characterized in that: a through hole is opened in the ball screw along the axial direction, and a layer of positively charged film material is coated on the inner wall of the ball screw through hole, and the hollow There is a metal rod with a negative charge inside the ball screw, and small negatively charged particles are placed between the metal rod and the inner wall of the hollow ball screw, and the small particles are simultaneously repelled by the negatively charged metal rod and the lead screw. The attraction force of the positive charge on the hollow inner wall is adsorbed on the hollow inner wall of the ball screw. When the ball screw runs and vibrates or is impacted, the small particles are forced to vibrate and move and collide with each other, thereby consuming the vibration energy of the screw. , after the energy is dissipated, it is adsorbed on the hollow inner wall of the ball screw by the action of the electric field.
本发明将滚珠丝杠设制为中空滚珠丝杠，中空滚珠丝杠内带有负电荷的金属棒，滚珠丝杠内表面附有带正电荷的电荷薄膜，同时将具有负电荷的若干轻质量小颗粒放入丝杠和金属棒之间的空间内，利用带电颗粒的运动消耗滚珠丝杠旋转过程中产生的振动（或受冲击）的变形能量，有效地降低高速滚珠丝杠的噪声和振动，此方法制成的滚珠丝杠可提高数控机床的加工精度。同时中空滚珠丝杠能有效地降低高速滚珠丝杠的转动惯量，缓解温升过快；改善高精度丝杠的力学性能。 In the present invention, the ball screw is designed as a hollow ball screw, the hollow ball screw has a negatively charged metal rod, and the inner surface of the ball screw is attached with a positively charged charge film. Small particles are placed in the space between the screw and the metal rod, and the movement of charged particles is used to consume the deformation energy of the vibration (or shock) generated during the rotation of the ball screw, effectively reducing the noise and vibration of the high-speed ball screw , The ball screw made by this method can improve the machining accuracy of CNC machine tools. At the same time, the hollow ball screw can effectively reduce the moment of inertia of the high-speed ball screw, alleviate the excessive temperature rise, and improve the mechanical properties of the high-precision screw.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明装有负电荷金属棒的结构示意图； Fig. 1 is the structural representation that negative charge metal rod is housed of the present invention;
图2为本发明通孔内壁附有正电荷薄膜的结构示意图； Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the positively charged film attached to the inner wall of the through hole of the present invention;
图3为本发明结构示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
实施例1 Example 1
本发明在保证滚珠丝杠2（附有螺母3）有足够的刚度且能承受所受扭矩的前提下，附有螺母3的滚珠丝杠2沿轴向开有通孔，形成中空滚珠丝杠，通孔内设有带有负电荷金属棒4，滚珠丝杠2通孔内壁附有一层带正电荷的铝质薄膜材料6，金属棒4与滚珠丝杠2内壁之间设有轻质量带负电荷的球形小颗粒7，金属棒4与电场负极连接，薄膜材料6与电场正极连接，电荷量大小可以通过电场电源电压进行调整；本发明球状小颗粒7的大小根据具体工况下的滚珠丝杠2的受力情况合理选择不同质量、不同直径的带负电荷的铝质小颗粒7，选取范围：选取3.5mm-9.5mm范围内不同半径的小球，选取1g-20g范围内不同质量的球形小颗粒7。 In the present invention, on the premise that the ball screw 2 (attached with the nut 3) has sufficient rigidity and can withstand the torque, the ball screw 2 with the nut 3 is provided with a through hole in the axial direction to form a hollow ball screw. , a negatively charged metal rod 4 is arranged in the through hole, a layer of positively charged aluminum film material 6 is attached to the inner wall of the through hole of the ball screw 2, and a light weight belt is arranged between the metal rod 4 and the inner wall of the ball screw 2 Negatively charged spherical small particles 7, the metal rod 4 is connected to the negative electrode of the electric field, and the thin film material 6 is connected to the positive electrode of the electric field. The amount of charge can be adjusted by the electric field power supply voltage; The stress of the lead screw 2 is reasonably selected with different masses and different diameters of negatively charged aluminum particles 7, the selection range: select balls with different radii within the range of 3.5mm-9.5mm, and select different masses within the range of 1g-20g small spherical particles7.
一种降低高速高精度滚珠丝杠的制备方法，将附有螺母3的滚珠丝杠2的第一支撑端1和第二支撑端5分别放置于轴承支座上，在中空滚珠丝杠3内壁涂有一层带有正电荷的铝质薄膜，中空滚珠丝杠2（附有螺母3）内设有一根带有负电荷的铜质金属棒4，金属棒4与滚珠丝杠2（附有螺母3）内壁之间的放入带有负电荷的铝质小颗粒7，小颗粒7同时受到带负电荷铜金属棒4的排斥力和滚珠丝杠2（附有螺母3）内壁铝质薄膜正电荷的吸引力，铝质小颗粒7被吸附在铝质薄膜上，当滚珠丝杠2（附有螺母3）运行产生振动或者受到冲击时，小颗粒7受迫振动产生运动并相互碰撞进而消耗振动能量，能量消散后又在电场作用下被吸附在铝质薄膜上，因而可使滚珠丝杠2（附有螺母3）的振动减弱，有效地提高滚珠丝杠2（附有螺母3）运行精度，降低滚珠丝杠2（附有螺母3）运行噪声。 A method for preparing a high-speed and high-precision ball screw. The first support end 1 and the second support end 5 of the ball screw 2 with a nut 3 are respectively placed on the bearing support, and the inner wall of the hollow ball screw 3 Coated with a layer of positively charged aluminum film, the hollow ball screw 2 (with nut 3) is equipped with a copper metal rod 4 with negative charge, and the metal rod 4 is connected with the ball screw 2 (with nut 3). 3) Small negatively charged aluminum particles 7 are placed between the inner walls, and the small particles 7 are simultaneously subjected to the repulsive force of the negatively charged copper metal rod 4 and the positive aluminum film on the inner wall of the ball screw 2 (with the nut 3 ). Due to the attraction of electric charges, the small aluminum particles 7 are adsorbed on the aluminum film. When the ball screw 2 (attached with the nut 3) vibrates or is impacted, the small particles 7 are forced to vibrate to generate motion and collide with each other to consume Vibration energy, after the energy is dissipated, is adsorbed on the aluminum film under the action of the electric field, so that the vibration of the ball screw 2 (with the nut 3) can be weakened, and the operation of the ball screw 2 (with the nut 3) can be effectively improved. Accuracy, reducing the running noise of the ball screw 2 (attached with the nut 3).
理论计算原理;设滚珠丝杠质量M,小颗粒质量m，滚珠丝杠受迫振动产生瞬间速度为V,小颗粒受迫振动瞬间速度为V2,滚珠丝杠碰撞小颗粒后瞬间速度为V1。由动量守恒定律和动能守恒定律可以得到如下两个方程： Theoretical calculation principle: Suppose the mass of the ball screw is M, the mass of the small particle is m, the instantaneous velocity of the forced vibration of the ball screw is V, the instantaneous velocity of the forced vibration of the small particle is V2, and the instantaneous velocity of the ball screw after colliding with the small particle is V1. From the law of conservation of momentum and law of conservation of kinetic energy, the following two equations can be obtained:
MV=MV1+MV2（1） MV=MV1+MV2 (1)
MV=MV12+MV22（2） MV=MV12+MV22 (2)
解方程可得： Solving the equation gives:
V1=V－mV2/M。（3） V1=V-mV2/M. (3)
由于V2不等于零。所以V1＜V。也就是说，滚珠丝杠迫使小颗粒运动后的瞬间速度V1小于初始速度V。滚珠丝杠运动减缓，假设理想状态下，丝杠碰撞后的速度V1为零，即滚珠丝杠振动此时完全被小颗粒吸收变成小颗粒的动能。有（3）式可得： Since V2 is not equal to zero. So V1<V. That is to say, the instantaneous velocity V1 after the ball screw forces the small particles to move is smaller than the initial velocity V. The movement of the ball screw slows down. Assuming that in an ideal state, the velocity V1 after the collision of the ball screw is zero, that is, the vibration of the ball screw is completely absorbed by the small particles at this time and becomes the kinetic energy of the small particles. There is formula (3) available:
V2=VM/m V2=VM/m
由上式可知受迫后小颗粒的运动速度与滚珠丝杠的运动速度、滚珠丝杠的质量、小颗粒质量有关，且大于滚珠丝杠速度。 It can be seen from the above formula that the movement speed of the small particles after being forced is related to the movement speed of the ball screw, the mass of the ball screw and the mass of the small particles, and is greater than the speed of the ball screw.
在实验室用加速度测量仪对某滚珠丝杠测量后可知，该滚珠丝杠在10到100转每秒的速度下，滚珠丝杠振动位移分布在0到0.1毫米之间。 After measuring a ball screw with an accelerometer in the laboratory, it can be known that the vibration displacement of the ball screw is distributed between 0 and 0.1 mm at a speed of 10 to 100 revolutions per second.
被测滚珠丝杠有效长度750毫米、直径30毫米、电动机转速0-6000转每分钟、滚珠丝杠质量2.31Kg。 The effective length of the tested ball screw is 750 mm, the diameter is 30 mm, the motor speed is 0-6000 rpm, and the mass of the ball screw is 2.31Kg.
测得滚珠丝杠0.1毫米的位移需要0.1秒完成，折算成小颗粒的瞬间运动速度即为115毫米/秒到2310毫米/秒。 It is measured that the displacement of 0.1 mm of the ball screw takes 0.1 second to complete, and the instantaneous movement speed converted into small particles is 115 mm/s to 2310 mm/s.
本发明通过计算机有限元模拟实验可以验证，做成中空滚珠丝杠2（附有螺母3）的固有频率比实心滚珠丝杠的固有频率低，空心滚珠丝杠转动惯量也比实心滚珠丝杠转动惯量低。通孔内加入带电小颗粒7后的固有频率进一步降低。因此滚珠丝杠2（附有螺母3）的动力学性能有显著提高。滚珠丝杠2（附有螺母3）在高速运行时的稳定性相应加强、使加工精度提高。 The present invention can be verified by computer finite element simulation experiments, the natural frequency of the hollow ball screw 2 (attached with the nut 3) is lower than that of the solid ball screw, and the moment of inertia of the hollow ball screw is also lower than that of the solid ball screw Low inertia. The natural frequency is further reduced after adding small charged particles 7 into the through holes. The dynamic performance of the ball screw 2 (with nut 3 attached) is thus significantly improved. The stability of the ball screw 2 (attached with the nut 3) is correspondingly strengthened during high-speed operation, so that the machining accuracy is improved.
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