CN103314075B - For promoting germination, the soil additive of suppression evaporation and using method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for increasing the germination rate of plants/crops and inhibiting or preventing water evaporation loss in a target soil area by using soil additives, which method can improve the utilization of water by crops, plants, grasses, vegetables and the like.

Description

Soil additive for promoting seed germination and inhibiting evaporation and method of use thereof

technical field

The present invention relates to soil additives and methods of their use, and in particular to soil additives useful for promoting seed germination, increasing plant and crop yield, and inhibiting evaporation and/or drainage.

Background technique

Water scarcity is the greatest constraint on human and agricultural development. About 70% of freshwater consumption is used for agriculture-related purposes, for example, as irrigation water, which accounts for almost 90% of agricultural water use. With the development of agriculture and human development, the demand for fresh water increases, and people need to use water more efficiently. The increasing scarcity of fresh water makes this need all the more pronounced. Therefore, there is a growing need for better and more efficient use of fresh water.

Some of the water used in agriculture is lost through evaporation, infiltration, drainage and water loss. The water left behind can be absorbed by plants, grasses and trees for harvesting.

Efficient use of water in agriculture not only has considerable ecological impacts, but also has economic implications for agriculture since the amount of water available to plants is closely related to their yields. If water is not lost, but instead is confined to plant roots for a longer period of time, then this will have a direct impact on crop production and yields. At the same time, under severe water availability and temperature conditions, optimizing water usage can ensure that crops are not completely destroyed and harvests are damaged.

In addition, since the germination period is a very important period in the growth of plants or crops, the water use efficiency before and after germination or during germination is very important. The life cycle of any plant can be divided into different stages, and the germination period is the basic period when the plant begins to grow. Usually the seeds are dry and require large amounts (relative to the dry weight of the seeds) of water when cellular metabolism and growth occur/recover. Various abiotic stimuli including light, temperature, and nitrate provide external environmental information that can affect germination. The right amount of water, oxygen, and temperature are conducive to seed germination. At the same time, internal mechanisms and chemical accelerators/inhibitors also affect germination and germination rates.

Accordingly, there is a need for an improved soil additive capable of slowing or inhibiting the rate of evaporation in soils, such as soils containing predominantly clay or soils located in areas of high temperature and high air volume. This in turn helps to improve the water availability of plants and grasses. There is also a need for a soil additive that facilitates seed germination and increases plant and crop yields.

Contents of the invention

The present invention relates to methods for increasing the yield of agricultural crops, and agricultural and horticultural plants, shrubs, trees and grasses (hereinafter collectively sometimes referred to as "plants"). Targeted applications include agricultural use to increase the yield of crops or plants or to protect crops or plants in unfavorable areas (non-irrigated areas, warm climates, windy areas, precipitation-scarce areas, or combinations of these areas). Targeted markets include (but are not limited to): agriculture of non-irrigated crops (including but not limited to wheat, cotton, etc.); agronomy of irrigated crops (including but not limited to horticultural plants); arboriculture, forestry and Horticulture; golf courses; sports fields and park lawns; seeding additives for nurseries; and fruit, among others. The methods of the present invention are capable of increasing agricultural yield, horticultural yield and/or crop or plant yield in a targeted soil area.

In one aspect, a claimed embodiment is a method of increasing crop yield by reducing water evaporation from soil, the method comprising: mixing a bulk additive into a targeted soil area; and subjecting the targeted The top layer of the soil area is in contact with the surface additive. In some embodiments, the soil is a clayey soil characterized by an average particle size (D ₅₀ ) of less than or equal to about 50 μm, or in other embodiments by an average particle size (D ₅₀ ) equal to about 45 μm or in other embodiments a clayey soil characterized by a mean particle size (D ₅₀ ) equal to about 35 μm, or in other embodiments a mean particle size (D ₅₀ ) less than or equal to about 25 μm A clayey soil characterized by , or in other embodiments a clayey soil characterized by an average particle size (D ₅₀ ) equal to about 10 μm, or in other embodiments by an average particle size (D ₅₀ ) less than or equal to A clayey soil characterized by about 5 μm.

In another aspect, an embodiment is a method of increasing crop yield by reducing water evaporation from soil, the method comprising contacting the surface layer of a targeted soil area with a surface additive, whereby the surface additive is added to the surface of the soil surface cambium. In some embodiments, the soil additive forms a semi-permeable layer, membrane or crust on the surface of the soil. Said additives are characterized by greater resistance to erosion such as rainfall, irrigation, and the like.

In another aspect, described herein is a method of increasing the germination rate of a plant or crop by applying or contacting a surface additive to a targeted area of soil where plant or crop seeds are grown. In one embodiment, the target soil area is under stress conditions. Such stress conditions include, but are not limited to, conditions of water scarcity or water limitation, drought conditions, extreme or prolonged temperature conditions (such as extreme or prolonged heat or cold), high wind or strong wind conditions, and the like. Another embodiment includes contacting the seed to the surface or within said target soil area. The seeds may be any available or known plant or crop seeds. The seeds used in the present invention can be from any crop or plant, including (but not limited to) the following species: Asparagus, Belladonna, Avena, Brassica, Citrus, Watermelon, Capsicum, Cucumis ), Cucurbita, Carrot, Fragaria, Glycine, Cotton, Helianthus, Hordeum, Hemerocallis, Lactuca, Flax, Lolium, Tomato, Apple, Marjoram, Cassava , Medicago, Nicotiana, Oryza, Grass, Pennisetum, Avocado, Pisum, Pear, Prunus, Radish, Rye, Senecio, White mustard, Solanum Genus, Sorghum, Fenugreek, Triticum, Vitis, Vigna, and Zea. In a specific embodiment, the crop seeds include turnip (Brassica rapa), green cabbage (Brassica chinensis) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis). In yet another aspect, described herein are methods of increasing plant or crop yield by applying a surface additive to, or contacting a surface additive with, a targeted soil area where plant or crop seeds are grown.

Since the timing of germination from the protective seed coat is critical for survival and reproductive success, germination is a critical event in the plant life cycle. Breaking the cycle timing of seed dormancy is the key to this period. In agriculture, germination promoters have a great influence on harvest time. Faster kinetics allow crops to mature in less time, which shortens the farmer's or grower's harvest time and speeds up the tillage cycle. Higher germination rates allow for more crops to be obtained from a given seed, resulting in higher yields.

In one embodiment, the step of contacting the surface layer of the soil may take the form of spraying the soil with an aqueous mixture containing a surface additive. In one embodiment, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than 200 kg surface additive/ha, or at a rate equivalent to less than 200 kg surface additive/ha. In another embodiment, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than 150 kg surface additive/ha, or at a rate equivalent to less than 150 kg surface additive/ha. In yet another embodiment, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than 125 kg surface additive/ha, or at a rate equivalent to less than 125 kg surface additive/ha. In another embodiment, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than 100 kg surface additive/ha, or at a rate equivalent to less than 100 kg surface additive/ha. In another embodiment, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than 90 kg surface additive/ha, or at a rate equivalent to less than 90 kg surface additive/ha. In another embodiment, at a rate of less than 85 kg surface additive/ha, a rate of less than 75 kg surface additive/ha, a rate of less than 50 kg surface additive/ha, a rate of less than 35 kg surface additive/ha, a rate of less than 25 kg surface additive/ha or a rate of less than 20 kg surface additive/ha (or at an equivalent rate of less than 85 kg surface additive/ha, a rate of less than 75 kg surface additive/ha, a rate of less than 50 kg surface additive/ha, a rate of less than 35 kg surface additive/ha rate, rate of less than 25 kg surface additive/ha, rate of less than 20 kg surface additive/ha) to the target soil area by spraying the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive. In some embodiments, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than 15 kg surface additive/ha, or at a rate equivalent to less than 15 kg surface additive/ha. In other embodiments, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than 10 kg surface additive/ha, or at a rate equivalent to less than 10 kg surface additive/ha.

In one embodiment, the surface additive is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamide, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylates, polyethylene glycol, phosphonate- or salt-terminated polymers, polyethylene oxide, poly Vinyl alcohol, polyglycerin, polytetrahydrofuran, polyamide, guar gum, unwashed guar gum, washed guar gum, cationic guar gum, carboxymethyl guar gum (CM guar), hydroxy Ethyl guar (HE guar), hydroxypropyl guar (HP guar), carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHP guar), cationic guar, hydrophobically modified guar (HM guar ), hydrophobically modified carboxymethyl guar (HMCM guar), hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl guar (HMHE guar), hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl guar (HMHPguar), cationic hydrophobically modified Hydroxypropyl guar (cationic HMHP guar), hydrophobically modified carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar (HMCMHP guar), hydrophobically modified cationic guar (HM cationic guar), guar hydroxypropyl Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Hydroxypropyl Guar Gum Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride, Starch, Corn, Wheat, Rice, Potato, Cassava, Waxy Corn, Sorghum, Waxy Sorghum, Sago, Dextrin, Chitin, chitosan, alginate composition, xanthan gum, carrageenan, cinnamon gum, tamarind gum, cationic cellulose, cationic polyacrylamide, cationic starch, karaya gum, acacia gum, pectin , cellulose, hydroxycellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, derivatives of any of the foregoing, or combinations of any of the foregoing.

In one embodiment, the surface additive is selected from the group consisting of guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, carboxymethyl guar gum, carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum, and combinations of any of the foregoing group. In another embodiment, the surface additive is selected from guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hydroxypropyl guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, or combinations thereof.

The bulk additive and/or surface additive may be an aqueous mixture, or in dry or semi-dry form (eg granules). It should be understood that semi-dry means that the bulk additive contains less than 15% moisture or water; while in some embodiments, semi-dry means that the bulk additive contains less than 10% moisture or water; while in other embodiments, semi-dry is Means that the bulk additive contains less than 8% water vapor or water (or solvent); and in another embodiment, semi-dry means that the bulk additive contains less than 5% water vapor or water; and in another embodiment, semi-dry is means that the bulk additive contains less than 3% water vapor or water; while in other embodiments, semi-dry means that the bulk additive contains less than 2% water vapor or water; while in other embodiments, semi-dry means that the bulk additive contains Less than 1% moisture or water; and in alternative other embodiments, semi-dry means that the bulk additive contains less than 0.5% moisture or water; while in other embodiments, semi-dry means that the bulk additive contains less than 0.1% moisture or water.

In one embodiment, the bulk additive is selected from the group consisting of guar gum, derivatized guar gum (including but not limited to, but not limited to, cationic guar gum), polyacrylamide, polymethacrylic acid, Polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol, phosphonate- or salt-terminated polymers, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyglycerol, polytetrahydrofuran, polyamide, derivatives of any of the foregoing, and any of the foregoing combination of substances. Typically, the bulk additive is polyacrylic acid.

In another aspect, the surface or bulk additive is a polymer represented by the formula:

wherein n is an integer from ₁ to 1000; wherein R comprises one or more phosphonate or salt groups, silicate groups, siloxane groups, phosphate or salt groups, hypophosphite or salt groups group, or any combination thereof; R ₂ -R ₃ are independently hydrogen, or branched, linear or cyclic C ₁ -C ₆ hydrocarbon groups with or without heteroatoms; M ⁺ can be any suitable Counter ion or hydrogen; where "D" does not exist or represents straight or branched C ₁ -C ₅ hydrocarbon group, C ₁ -C ₅ alkoxy group, oxo group (-O-), imino group (-NH-) , or substituted imino (-NR-), wherein R is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ hydroxyalkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy Alkyl or C ₁ -C ₆ alkylalkoxy. In another embodiment, n is an integer from 1 to 5000. In another embodiment, n is an integer from 1 to 1000. In another embodiment, n is an integer from 10 to 3000. In another embodiment, n is an integer from 40 to 750.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows a diagram of surface treatment by spraying an aqueous mixture of surface additives.

Figure 2 is a graph showing the evaporation rate (time to reach 1% by weight of residual water) as a function of spray time (of a 0.1% solution of surface additive).

Figure 3 is a graph showing bulk additives and surface additives each as a function of water content (%).

Figure 4 is a graph showing evaporation rate (mg/s/cm ² ) as a function of water content (%).

Figure 5 is a graph showing the water absorption of different bulk additives in washed Shaanxi soil.

Figure 6 is a graph showing the initial water absorption of different bulk additives in unwashed Shaanxi soil.

Figure 7 is a graph showing the effect of bulk additives on evaporation kinetics in washed soil (Shaanxi soil), where evaporation time is the time required for residual water to reach 1% by weight.

Figure 8 is a graph showing the effect of bulk additives on evaporation kinetics in unwashed soil (Shaanxi soil), where evaporation time is the time required for residual water to reach 1% by weight.

Figure 9 is a graph showing the resistance of soil additives to multiple wash cycles.

Figure 10 is a graph showing the second round of the greenhouse germination study.

Figure 11 is a graph showing the effect of different additives on the germination rate of green cabbage (Brassica chinensis).

Figure 12 is a graph showing the germination rate of green vegetables (Brassica chinensis) as a function of days under irrigation condition 2 (WC2).

Figure 13 is a graph showing the germination rate of green vegetables (Brassica chinensis) as a function of days under irrigation condition 3 (WC3).

Figure 14 is a graph showing the germination rate of green vegetables (Brassica chinensis) as a function of days under irrigation condition 4 (WC4).

Figure 15 is a graph showing the fourth round of germination studies under natural conditions.

detailed description

The present invention relates to additives that can be used to increase the germination rate of plants and agricultural crops, comprising: before or during water stress conditions, contacting the surface layer of a target soil area with a surface additive, whereby said surface additive forms on said target soil area. layer. The present invention relates to additives for limiting water loss due to evaporation (ie, evaporation control). Many known methods and additives for controlling moisture loss differ from the invention claimed herein in that these known methods and additives are primarily focused on limiting moisture loss due to drainage (i.e., drainage control) .

However, since these methods differ from the methods described herein in the mechanism by which water loss is avoided, these methods are fundamentally different from the methods described in the present invention. However, it should be understood that water loss (and thus increased plant/crop yields in the target soil) can be controlled through a combination of evaporation control and drainage control.

Water loss can be attributed to transpiration, evaporation, or loss through drainage channels in the soil. A number of known methods of inhibiting water loss through drainage are related to the nature of the target soil as well as the local climatic conditions. For example, the arable and arable land in the United States is mainly sandy. However, soils in China and Southeast Asia are mostly clay-type. Clay soils generally have a different soil structure than sandy soils because of their smaller average particle size and thus smaller pore sizes. Typically, clayey soils have an average particle size (D ₅₀ ) of less than 50 μm. Typically, clayey soils have an average particle size (D ₅₀ ) of about 25 μm or less. More typically, clayey soils have an average particle size (D ₅₀ ) of about 5 μm or less. In contrast, generally sandy soils are characterized by round grains ranging in size from 100 μm to 2000 μm. Other differences between sandy soils, clay soils, and other types of soils are outlined below.

Sandy soils: Typically, sandy soils are gravel in texture and formed from weathered rocks such as limestone, quartz, granite, and shale. Sandy soils can include sufficient to substantial amounts of organic matter, which makes sandy soils relatively easy to work. Sandy soils, however, are prone to over-draining and dehydration, and have problems retaining water and nutrients.

Silty Soil: Usually silty soil is considered one of the more fertile soils. Silty soils generally consist of minerals (mainly quartz) and fine organic particles, and have more nutrients than sandy soils that provide good drainage. When dry, silty soil has a smooth texture and looks like black sand. Its inconspicuous soil structure means it is easy to till when wet and holds water well.

Clay (or sticky) soils: Clay soils are usually sticky, clumpy, and soft when wet, however, clay soils often form hard lumps when dry. Clay soils are made up of very fine particles with few voids, making clay soils difficult to work and often poorly drained. Clay soils are also prone to waterlogging in the spring. Blue or gray clay is less air permeable and must be loosened to support healthy growth. Red in clayey soils indicates well-drained, "loose" soils that are well aerated. Because of the higher levels of nutrients in clay soils, plants can grow well if they are properly drained.

Peat soils: Peat soils generally contain more organic matter than other soils because their acidity inhibits the decomposition process. This type of soil contains fewer nutrients than many other soils and is prone to excessive water retention.

Loamy soils: Typically loamy soils are a combination of roughly 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay. Loamy soils can range from easy-till, organic-rich loam to dense, compacted turf. Typically, loamy soils drain but trap water vapor and are rich in nutrients.

Chalk: Chalk is generally alkaline and can contain stones of various sizes. This type of soil dries out quickly and tends to trap trace elements such as iron and manganese. Since this deprives the plants of nutrients, poor plant growth and yellowing of the leaves can result. Chalk soils are generally considered to be of poor quality, requiring heavy application of fertilizers and other soil amendments.

The pore size or distance between two adjacent particles is smaller in (for example) clay soils than in sandy soils, so water loss through drainage is less of an issue. Since some crops are suitable for growing in water beds, the problem of water loss by runoff, especially evaporation, is more serious in clayey soils. The difference between soil types (eg, between clay and sand) is the main reason why rice grown in waterbeds is grown in many Asian countries, such as southern China and Southeast Asian countries.

Water-tolerant crops, including rice, often require only lightly or moderately permeable soils. The type of soil required for growing rice or water tolerant plants is one that naturally resists drainage (ie, minimizes water loss due to drainage). However, rice is not viable in North America, where the soil type is sandy rather than clayey, for the reasons mentioned above. Unlike American and North American-type soils, such as can be found in many parts of Asia, the main problem with clayey soils is the limitation in terms of water loss due to evaporation. (In the United States and North America, water losses from drainage or runoff are more severe than those from evaporation.) However, it should be understood that losses from evaporation are not limited to clay soils, but also involve other soil types, especially Is the stratification of different soil types when considering all factors such as local climate, altitude, humidity, and soil types and the major types capable of water loss. Thus, other soil types may present evaporation problems including, but not limited to, sandy soils, peaty soils, silty soils, chalky soils, loamy soils, or any combination of these soils.

Described herein is one or more methods of contacting/mixing various additives into the soil to slow down the kinetics of water evaporation in the targeted soil area (ie, the soil area where the user desires to apply the application/system/method). Different types of soils that require slowing of evaporation kinetics can be targeted including, but not limited to, clayey, sandy, peaty, silty, chalky, and loamy soils. As will be apparent from the detailed description below, some embodiments include methods of using soil additives that are readily synthesized and, in some embodiments, soil additives are resistant to degradation or are highly stable.

One embodiment involves two application treatments in or on the soil, one surface treatment with a surface additive and the other a bulk treatment with a bulk additive. In one embodiment, the target soil area is subjected to surface treatment as well as bulk treatment, either simultaneously or sequentially. In some cases, bulk and surface treatments can reduce evaporation kinetics by up to 30%.

In one embodiment, only application of a surface treatment to the targeted soil area is included. In yet another embodiment, only bulk treatment to the targeted soil area is included.

Surface Treatment: Surface additives are brought into contact with or applied to the soil surface, whereby the surface additive forms a layer capable of reducing water loss through evaporation. In some embodiments, this layer may be a semi-permeable layer. Typically, surface additives are brought into contact with the soil surface by spraying the soil surface with an aqueous solution. Without being bound by theory, this layer can be considered a "skin" that is capable of substantially or substantially blocking pores in the soil located near the surface of the targeted soil area. Thus, evaporation kinetics are affected by the additive layer located on the soil surface.

In one embodiment, the surface treatments described herein increase the germination rate of plants or crops by contacting the surface additive with the surface layer of the targeted soil area. In some embodiments, the surface treatments described herein increase the germination rate of plants or crops under water stress conditions by contacting the surface additive with the top layer of the target soil area prior to or during the water stress conditions. Thus, the surface additive forms a layer on the targeted soil area. In some embodiments, this layer can be permeable, semi-permeable. The method may also include contacting the seed into or within the target soil area. In one embodiment, the seeds are located at a depth of less than 1 mm from the soil surface. In another embodiment, the seeds are located at a depth of less than 2mm from the soil surface. In another embodiment, the seeds are located at a depth of less than 4mm from the soil surface. In yet another embodiment, the seeds are located at a depth of less than 5 mm from the soil surface. In yet another embodiment, the seeds are located at a depth of less than 7mm from the soil surface.

The seeds may be any available or known plant or crop seeds. In one embodiment, the seeds used in the present invention belong to one of the following three categories: (1) seeds of ornamental plants (such as roses, tulips, etc.), grasses and non-agricultural crops; (2) seeds of agricultural crops and cereals grown in large areas , and (3) horticultural and vegetable seeds. In a particular embodiment, the crop seeds are selected from the following classes or subclasses: turnip (Brassica rapa), green cabbage (Brassica chinensis) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis).

In one embodiment, the seed is an agricultural crop or plant species including (but not limited to): corn (Zeamays), Brassica (such as B. napus, B. rapa, mustard) (B.juncea)), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), rice (Oryza sativa), rye (Secale cereale), sorghum (Sorghumbicolor, Sorghum vulgare), millet (such as pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), millet (Panicummiliaceum), Millet (Setaria italica), Dragongrass (Eleusine coracana)), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Soybean (Glycine max), Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , peanut (Arachis hypogaea), cotton (Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatus), cassava (Manihotesculenta), coffee (Cofea spp.), coconut (Cocos nucifera), pineapple (Ananas comosus), citrus tree (Citrus spp.), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), tea (Camellia sinensis), banana (Musa spp.), avocado (Persea americana), fig (Ficus casica), guava (Psidium guajava), mango (Mangifera indica), olive (Olea europaea), Papaya (Carica papaya), Cashew (Anacardium occidentale), Macadamia integrifolia, Almond (Prunus amygdalus), Beet (Beta vulgaris), Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), Oats, Barley, Vegetables, Ornamental Plants, woody plants such as conifers and deciduous trees, squash, squash, hemp, zucchini, apples, pears, quinces, melons, plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots, strawberries, grapes, raspberries, blackberries, Soybean, sorghum, sugar cane, rapeseed, clover, carrot, and Arabidopsis thaliana.

In one embodiment, the seed is any vegetable species including (but not limited to): tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), lettuce (such as Lactuca sativa), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), lima bean (Phaseolus limensis), pea (Lathyrus spp.), cauliflower, broccoli, turnips, radishes, spinach, asparagus, onions, garlic, peppers, celery, and members of the genus Cucumber (such as cucumber (C. sativus)), Roman melon (C. cantalupensis) and muskmelon (C. melo)).

In one embodiment, the seeds are any species of ornamental plants including (but not limited to): Hydrangea (Macrophylla hydrangea), Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosasanensis), Petunia (Petuniahybrida), Rosa (Rosa spp. ), Rhododendron spp., Tulipa spp., Narcissus spp., Dianthus caryophyllus, Euphorbia pulcherrima and Chrysanthemum.

In one embodiment, the seed is any species of coniferous tree, including but not limited to: coniferous pine trees such as Pinus taeda, Pinus elliotii, Pinus ponderosa, Black pine (Pinus contorta) and radiata pine (Pinus radiata), Douglas pine (Pseudotsuga menziesii); western hemlock (Tsuga canadensis); North American spruce (Picea glauca); North American redwood (Sequoia sempervirens); (Abies amabilis) and gum fir (Abies balsamea); and cedars such as western arborvitae (Thuja plicata) and yellow cypress (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis).

In one embodiment, the seed is any legume species including, but not limited to, beans and peas. Legumes include guar beans, locust beans, fenugreek, soybeans, green beans, cowpeas, mung beans, lima beans, fava beans (fava beans), lentils, chickpeas, peas, aconitum beans, fava beans ( broad beans), kidney beans, lentils, dried kidney beans, etc. Legumes include (but are not limited to): Arachis, such as peanuts; Vicia, such as corolla, vetch, red bean, mung bean, and chickpea; Lupinus, such as lupine; Trifolium; Phaseolus , such as common bean and lima bean; Pisumus, such as field bean; Osmanthus, such as clover; Medicago, such as alfalfa; Nelumbo, such as clover; Lime, such as lentil; locust tree. Conventional feeds and turf for use in the methods described herein include, but are not limited to: alfalfa, dactylis, oxtail, ryegrass, brangrass, alfalfa, hornwort, clover, penny bean, rotten bean, red bean grass and red-capped grass. Other grass species include barley, wheat, oats, rye, ducksquat, geranium, sorghum or turf plants.

In another embodiment, the seeds are selected from the following crops or vegetables: corn, wheat, sorghum, soybean, tomato, cauliflower, radish, cabbage, rape, lettuce, ryegrass, pasture, rice, cotton, sunflower and the like.

In some embodiments, water stress conditions mean that the target soil area is irrigated with less than 2.6 mm (10 ml) of water for at least 2 days; in other embodiments, it means that the target soil area is irrigated for at least 3 days The area is irrigated with less than 2.6 mm (10 ml) of water; in other embodiments, means that the target soil area is irrigated with less than 2.6 mm (10 ml) of water over a period of at least 4 days; in other embodiments, means In a period of at least 5 days, the target soil area is irrigated with less than 2.6mm (10ml) of water; water irrigation; in other embodiments, means that the target soil area is irrigated with less than 2.6 mm (10 ml) of water for a period of at least 9 days; in other embodiments, means that the target soil area is irrigated for a period of at least 10 days The area is irrigated with less than 2.6 mm (10 ml) of water; in other embodiments, means that the target soil area is irrigated with less than 2.6 mm (10 ml) of water over a period of at least 20 days; in some embodiments, the lack of Water condition also means that during the 30 calendar days, the soil in the target area was irrigated with less than 52 mm of water by irrigation or natural precipitation (or both); in another embodiment, the soil in the target area was watered with less than 47 mm of water Water irrigation; In another embodiment, the target area soil is irrigated with less than 42 mm of water; In yet another embodiment, the target area soil is irrigated with less than 37 mm of water; In another embodiment, the target area soil Irrigated by less than 32 mm of water; In yet another embodiment, the target area soil is irrigated by less than 27 mm of water; In another embodiment, the target area soil is irrigated by less than 22 mm of water; In another embodiment In another embodiment, the soil in the target area is irrigated with less than 11 mm of water; in another embodiment, the soil in the target area is irrigated with less than 7 mm of water; in yet another embodiment, the soil in the target area is irrigated with less than 3 mm of water.

Bulk treatment: The introduction of additives into the soil volume. In one embodiment, the soil and additive are mixed together in bulk, and the additive impedes migration of water to the soil surface from evaporation. That is, the bulk treatment method impedes water transfer upwards, rather than impeding water loss due to downward drainage by clogging the pores of the soil. Since water is kept away from the additive under the action of pressure gradient, capillary flow, etc., the bulk additive can also retain water, so that water can be used by plants in the later stage. Furthermore, without being bound by theory, in some embodiments, bulk additives, such as cationic guar gum, can disrupt capillary bridges in the soil, thereby preventing moisture or moisture from migrating to the soil surface.

Dosing soil additives on or into the soil

Soil additives, such as bulk additives or surface additives, can be applied to soil in a variety of ways.

Typically, bulk additives are applied to the soil or mixed into the soil in the form of granules. This operation is usually accomplished by tillage or other methods known in the art prior to planting the desired crop, shrub, plant, grass seed or other vegetation. However, in some embodiments, such manipulations are performed while the crops, grass seeds, or other vegetation are being grown. In other embodiments, the bulk additive is applied after planting the crops, grass seeds, shrubs, other plants, for example 1 day, one week or one month, or up to 7 months after planting. It should be understood that body additives can be applied to plants, shrubs, or the ground (either by themselves or with surface additives) at various stages of plant growth or life cycle and are not necessarily limited to prior to planting or at any given stage of plant growth. This allows the user of the present invention flexibility in determining when to apply bulk additives, depending on external factors such as drought and other climatic conditions.

In some embodiments, the bulk additive is applied to or mixed into the soil as an aqueous mixture in which the additive is diluted with water or an aqueous solution containing other ingredients. For example, in one embodiment, a bulk additive is introduced into irrigation water applied to a targeted soil area or crop. Typically, bulk additives are diluted with large amounts of water, or are sufficiently cross-linked that gelling does not occur. Typically, such fluid bulk additive aqueous mixtures have a viscosity between 1 centipoise and 200,000 centipoise.

In other embodiments, the bulk additive is applied to, or mixed into, soil located adjacent vegetation. It should be understood that various methods of applying soil additives can be used. Some methods include (but are not limited to): creating holes in the soil with pressurized water, then using compressed air to introduce soil additives into the holes; removing small plugs in the soil (eg, aeration of golf greens) , and introduce soil additives into the hole. Other methods include dividing and temporarily digging up portions of vegetation and blowing or otherwise applying soil additives to the soil underlying vegetation such as grass.

Other methods also include applying the soil additive to the surface of the target soil area and then mixing or uniformly mixing the target soil area, wherein the target soil area includes the surface of the target soil area into which the soil additive is introduced. For example, in some embodiments, the target soil area may include a land area (eg, 1 hectare of agricultural land), but may also include a predetermined depth. In some embodiments, the predetermined depth included in the target soil area may be a soil depth of less than 3 feet; in another embodiment, a soil depth of less than 2 feet; in another embodiment, a soil depth of less than 18 inches; in another embodiment, a soil depth of less than 18 inches; In one embodiment, the soil depth is less than 16 inches; in another embodiment, the soil depth is less than 12 inches; in another embodiment, the soil depth is less than 9 inches; in another embodiment, the soil depth is less than 7 inches; In another embodiment, the soil depth is less than 5 inches deep; in another embodiment, the soil depth is less than 3 inches; in another embodiment, the soil depth is less than 2 inches; or in another embodiment, the soil depth is less than 1 inch.

Mixing can be achieved in a number of ways, which can include the use of plowing or tillage. (It should be understood that some tillage machines are equipped with systems that inject additives, primarily fertilizers, into the subsoil through holes.) Tillage techniques useful with any embodiment of the invention include, but are not limited to: strip-tillage (strip-tillage) tilling), mulch-tilling and ridge-tilling, and these tillage techniques can be used in primary or secondary tillage. This tillage technique may be accomplished through the use of any one or any combination of equipment including, but not limited to, hoes, shovels, plows, harrows, disc plows, burrowers, rotary tillers , deep tillage shovel, ridge, bed forming tiller, or roller.

Another method of applying soil additives to targeted soil areas is by dropping or spraying. Some techniques may be similar to fertigation techniques, including (but not limited to): broadcasting (spreading over most or part of a field with crops), placement (spreading in strips near crops or crop rows), or mound form), and with low-volume or high-volume sprayers. In the embodiments described above, it is believed that the bulk additive is transported below the surface of the target soil zone by water flow such as rain or irrigation (generally, in most embodiments, the bulk additive remains in the root zone).

Another method involves premixing the bulk additive with the soil and then applying the mixture to the surface of the targeted soil area. In one embodiment, the premixed soil forms a layer or a sufficiently uniform layer over the target soil area that is at least 1 inch thick, or in other embodiments at least 2 inches thick, or in other embodiments is At least 3 inches, or in other embodiments at least 4 inches, or in other embodiments at least 6 inches, or in other embodiments at least 8 inches. This method is similar to the "cover" technique of placing the mixture in a uniform or approximately continuous layer over a bed of soil (ie, the target area).

In another embodiment, the bulk additive is applied to or mixed into the target soil area at a predetermined depth, thereby forming a "bulk additive layer." In some embodiments, the bulk additive layer can be a layer of at least 1 inch; or in other embodiments, a layer of at least 2 inches; or in other embodiments, a layer of at least 3 inches; or in other embodiments In other embodiments, a layer of at least 4 inches; or in other embodiments, a layer of at least 6 inches; or in other embodiments, a layer of at least 8 inches. After the bulk additive has been applied or mixed into the target soil area, the "bulk additive layer" is covered with a layer of untreated soil or soil without bulk additive to form a free layer. It is believed that in such embodiments, without wishing to be bound by theory, the bulk additive passing through the bulk additive layer can disrupt the capillary bridges in the soil, and due to the disruption or blocking of such capillary bridges, moisture vapor is inhibited. Or the movement of water from the bulk additive layer or from below the bulk additive layer to the soil surface or to the free layer.

In another embodiment, the bulk additive layer is formed by injecting bulk additive into the bulk additive layer by sub surface injection, whereby a free layer exists above said bulk additive layer. In this way, the free layer covering the bulk additive layer does not require the use of exogenous soil or replaced soil. In fact, the free layer is the untreated soil that had previously existed in the target area.

In yet another embodiment, the bulk additive encapsulates all or part of the seed to be planted, or alternatively, the bulk additive encapsulates all or part of the fertilizer or fertilizer granules.

Without being bound by theory, it is believed that at least two factors account for the prolonged evaporation time when bulk additives (e.g., underivatized guar gum, PAANa, starch) are introduced into the soil. are: 1) initial water absorption and 2) evaporation kinetics.

Initial Water Absorption : Bulk additives help absorb and retain more water in the soil than soil not treated with the additive. The bulk additive acts as a sponge because it hydrates, swells, and prevents water from draining.

Evaporation kinetics : A second factor believed to be associated with prolonged soil evaporation is a change in the internal structure of the soil in which water vapor from the soil is carried or dragged to the surface by capillary action (ie, the evaporation interface), and is lost through evaporation. Additives block the pores in the soil, thereby slowing the transport of water to the evaporative interface.

In some embodiments, the surface additive is applied to the target soil area in a flowing form. Typically, surface additives are dispersed in water at a concentration of less than 5% by weight (weight percent). In some embodiments, the surface additive is dispersed in water at a concentration of less than 2% by weight. In some embodiments, the surface additive is dispersed in water at a concentration of less than 1% by weight. In some embodiments, the surface additive is dispersed in water at a concentration of less than 0.5% by weight. In some embodiments, the surface additive is dispersed in water at a concentration of less than 0.4% by weight. In some embodiments, the surface additive is dispersed in water at a concentration of less than 0.3% by weight. In other embodiments, the surface additive is dispersed in water at a concentration of less than 0.1% by weight. An aqueous mixture of surface additives is usually sprayed onto the targeted soil area. Irrigation pumps, booms, etc. may be used, but any known method for applying liquids or sprays to agricultural land may be used. In some embodiments, the duration of application of the aqueous mixture to the target soil area is about 4 seconds (4 seconds at a concentration of 0.4% is equivalent to 65 kg/ha). In some embodiments, the duration of application of the aqueous mixture to the targeted soil area is 10 seconds or less. In other embodiments, the duration of application of the aqueous mixture to the targeted soil area is equal to or less than 2 seconds.

In some embodiments, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than 150 kg surface additive/ha, or a rate comparable thereto. In yet another embodiment, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than about 125 kg surface additive/ha, or a rate comparable thereto. In another embodiment, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than 100 kg surface additive/ha or a rate comparable thereto. In another embodiment, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than 90 kg surface additive/ha or a rate comparable thereto. In yet another embodiment, at less than 85 kg surface additive/ha, less than 75 kg surface additive/ha, less than 50 kg surface additive/ha, less than 35 kg surface additive/ha, less than 25 kg surface additive/ha or less than 20 kg surface additive Spray the water-based mixture containing the surface additive on the target soil area at a rate of /ha or equivalent. In some embodiments, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than 15 kg surface additive/ha, or a rate comparable thereto. In other embodiments, the target soil area is sprayed with the aqueous mixture containing the surface additive at a rate of less than 10 kg surface additive/ha, or a rate comparable thereto. In some embodiments, the aqueous mixture containing surface additives may include other ingredients.

It should be understood that, similar to bulk additives, surface additives (by themselves, or together with bulk additives) can be applied to plants, shrubs, or the ground at different stages of plant growth. This allows the user flexibility in deciding when to apply the surface additive, the desired application time being dependent on external factors (eg, drought and other climatic conditions).

Compounds suitable for use as additional ingredients in aqueous mixtures may include compounds useful in agricultural pest control including, for example: herbicides, plant growth regulators, plant desiccants, fungicides, bactericides, bacteriostats, Insecticides and repellents. Suitable insecticides include, for example: triazine herbicides; sulfonylurea herbicides; uracil; urea herbicides; acetanilide herbicides; or ester. Suitable fungicides include, for example: nitriloxime fungicides; imidazole fungicides; triazole fungicides; sulfenamide fungicides; dithiocarbamate fungicides; Chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons; and dichloroaniline fungicides. Suitable insecticides include, for example: carbamate insecticides; organophosphorothioate insecticides; and perchlorinated organic insecticides such as methoxychlor. Suitable acaricides include, for example: propynyl sulfite; triazopentadiene acaricides; chlorinated aromatic acaricides such as tetrachlorsulfone; and dinitrophenol acaricides, Rule kills mites. Other ingredients may include adjuvants, surfactants and fertilizers.

Soil additives: synthetic polymers, natural polymers

In one embodiment, the bulk additive and/or surface additive comprises one or more synthetic polymers, natural polymers, or derivatives thereof. There is no particular limitation on the polymer, which may be a homopolymer as well as a random polymer made from any polymerizable monomer, or a block copolymer, or other types of copolymers.

In one embodiment, the polymerizable monomer is typically a water-soluble chargeable monomer having a carboxyl group, a sulfonate group, a phosphonate group, or the like. In one embodiment, polymerizable monomers having one or more carboxyl groups include, but are not limited to, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, sorbic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, cinnamic acid, salts thereof, and the like, Or their anhydrides (maleic anhydride, etc.). The counterion of these polymerizable monomer salts includes any suitable counterion including, but not limited to, alkylammonium cations, sodium cations, calcium cations, potassium cations, barium cations, lithium cations, magnesium cations, ammonium cations, and the like.

Polymerizable monomers also include neutral, generally water-soluble monomers, or monomers that are precursors to hydrophilic units, such as free-radically polymerizable acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, methacryls Amides, vinyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, vinyl acetate, betaine-containing vinyl monomers (including but not limited to carboxybetaines and sultaines) and other ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The polymer network may also include component polymers obtained by other polymerization techniques such as polycondensation, anionic polymerization, cationic polymerization, ring-opening polymerization, coordination polymerization, displacement polymerization, etc., which can be listed: polyoxyalkylene ( Including but not limited to polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol and polytetrahydrofuran), polyglycerol, polyamine, polyester, polyamide, derivatives of any of the foregoing and/or copolymers of any of the foregoing. Methyl (acrylamido) type: such as MAPTAC (methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride); allyl type, such as DADMAC (diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride); vinyl type : N-vinyl formamide (precursor of vinyl amine), or styryl trimethyl ammonium chloride; methyl (acrylic acid): such as methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.

In an exemplary embodiment, synthetic polymers include, but are not limited to, polyacrylamides, polymethacrylic acids, polyacrylic acids, polyacrylates, polyethylene glycols, phosphonate- or salt-terminated polymers, polycyclic Ethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyglycerol, polytetrahydrofuran and polyamide. For example, the phosphonate-terminated polymer can be any polymer or copolymer described herein that contains phosphonate- or phosphate-terminated groups.

In another embodiment, the surface additive or bulk additive is a polymer represented by the formula:

wherein n is an integer from ₁ to 1000; wherein R comprises one or more phosphonate or salt groups, silicate groups, siloxane groups, phosphate or salt groups, hypophosphite or salt groups group, or any combination thereof; R ₂ -R ₃ are independently hydrogen, or branched, linear or cyclic C ₁ -C ₆ hydrocarbon groups with or without heteroatoms; M ⁺ can be any suitable Counter ion or hydrogen; where "D" does not exist or represents straight or branched C ₁ -C ₅ hydrocarbon group, C ₁ -C ₅ alkoxy group, oxo group (-O-), imino group (-NH-) , or substituted imino (-NR-), wherein R is C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ hydroxyalkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ alkoxy Alkyl or C ₁ -C ₆ alkylalkoxy. In another embodiment, n is an integer from 1 to 5000. In another embodiment, n is an integer from 1 to 1000. In yet another embodiment, n is an integer from 10 to 3000. In another embodiment, n is an integer from 40 to 750.

The surface additive and/or bulk additive may be any suitable polysaccharide including, but not limited to, galactomannan polymers, guar gum (washed or unwashed guar gum), derivatized Guar gum, starch, dextrin, chitin/chitosan, alginate composition, cassia gum, tara gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan, karaya gum arabic, hyaluronic acid Acids, succinoglycans, pectin, crystalline polysaccharides, branched polysaccharides, cellulose, and other derivatives thereof (eg, ionized and/or non-ionized derivatives), and other derivatives of any of the foregoing.

In one embodiment, the derivatized guars include, but are not limited to, cationic hydroxypropyl guars; hydroxyalkyl guars, including hydroxyethyl guar (HE guar), hydroxypropyl Guar gum (HP guar), hydroxybutyl guar (HBguar), and higher hydroxyalkyl guar gums; carboxyalkyl guar gums, including carboxymethyl guar (CM guar), carboxypropyl guar Guar gum (CP guar), carboxybutyl guar gum (CB guar) and higher alkylcarboxy guar gums; guar gum hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, or hydroxypropyl guar gum Propyltrimethylammonium Chloride. For example Jaguar HP is hydroxypropyl guar gum.

Cationization can be achieved by:

1) By polymerizing the above-mentioned monomers and directly grafting them onto the polysaccharide chain. Such as PQ4=the hydroxyethyl cellulose grafted with poly(DADMAC);

2) Grafting with one of the above-mentioned monomers by Michael addition reaction;

3) Grafting with reagents known to those skilled in the art: halides (Quat188, quab342), epoxides (quab151), acid chlorides, carboxylic acids, or esters or anhydrides, with reactions to polysaccharides and cationic groups Amines with active groups (trialkylammonium, such as trimethylammonium).

In a particular embodiment, derivatized guar gums include, but are not limited to: carboxymethyl guar (CMguar), hydroxyethyl guar (HE guar), hydroxypropyl guar (HP guar), carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPguar), cationic guar, hydrophobically modified guar (HM guar), hydrophobically modified carboxymethyl guar (HMCMguar), hydrophobically modified Hydroxyethyl guar (HMHE guar), hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl guar (HMHP guar), cationic hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl guar (cationic HMHP guar), hydrophobically modified carboxymethyl guar Hydroxypropyl guar (HMCMHP guar) and hydrophobically modified cationic guar (HM cationic guar).

In hydrophobically modified or non-hydrophobically modified cationic guar gum, the cationic group is a quaternary ammonium group with three groups, which may be the same or different, and are selected from hydrogen, containing 1 to 22 carbons atom (more particularly 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and advantageously 1 to 3 carbon atoms) alkyl group. The counterion is a halogen, one embodiment of which is chlorine.

In the case of cationic polysaccharide (such as guar gum) derivatives, the degree of hydroxyalkylation (molar substitution or MS) is in one embodiment between 0 and 1.2, in another embodiment between 0 and Between 1.7, in another embodiment between 0 and 2, in another embodiment between 0 and 3. In one embodiment, the degree of substitution (DS) is between 0 and 3, typically between 0 and 2, more typically between 0.01 and 1, and even more typically between 0.01 and 0.6.

Among cationic guar gum derivatives, Agrho ExPol 2 (guar gum hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, DS=0.05 to 0.15, weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1,000,000 to 2,000,000) can be particularly cited; Agrho ExPol 3 (guar hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, DS=0.05 to 0.15, weight average molecular weight (Mw) 100,000 to 500,000); and Agrho ExPol 1 (hydroxypropylguar hydroxypropyltrimonium Methylammonium chloride, DS=0.05 to 0.15, MS=0.4 to 0.8, weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1 million to 2 million). In one embodiment, the commonly used polysaccharide is cationic guar or hydroxypropylated cationic guar powder.

Examples of suitable celluloses include, but are not limited to, hydroxycellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose (including hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose), carboxymethylcellulose , cellulose ethers and other modified celluloses.

In a particular embodiment, the cellulose ethers include hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), water-soluble ethylhydroxyethylcellulose (EHEC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC ), carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC), hydroxypropyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (HPHEC), methyl cellulose (MC), methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose Cellulose (MHEC), carboxymethylmethylcellulose (CMMC), hydrophobically modified carboxymethylcellulose (HMCMC), hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose (HMHEC), hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HMHPC), hydrophobically modified ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMEHEC), hydrophobically modified carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMCMHEC), hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ( HMHPHEC), hydrophobically modified methyl cellulose (HMMC), hydrophobically modified methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (HMMHPC), hydrophobically modified methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMMHEC), hydrophobically modified carboxyl Methyl methylcellulose (HMCMMC), cationic hydroxyethylcellulose (cationic HEC) and cationic hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose (cationic HMHEC). Preferred cellulose ethers are carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and cationic hydroxyethylcellulose.

In the case of hydrophobically modified or non-hydrophobically modified cationic cellulose, the cationic group is a quaternary ammonium group with three groups, which may be the same or different, and are selected from hydrogen, containing 1 to 10 Alkyl groups of carbon atoms, more particularly 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and advantageously 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The counterion is a halogen, one embodiment of which is chlorine.

Examples of suitable starch sources include, but are not limited to, corn, wheat, rice, potato, tapioca, waxy corn, sorghum, waxy sorghum, sago, and modified starches. Examples of modified starches include dextrinized starches, hydrolyzed starches, oxidized starches, crosslinked starches, alkylated starches, hydroxyalkylated starches, acetylated starches, fractionated starches (such as amylose and amylopectin) starch) and physically modified starch (including cationic starch), etc.

In one embodiment, the soil additive composition is comprised of any suitable natural polymer, synthetic polymer, or combination thereof, and an inorganic material, typically a porous inorganic material. Suitable inorganic materials include, but are not limited to, clays, diatoms, silicates, silica, carbonates, gypsum, and any combination thereof. Such inorganic materials can be porous or non-porous, and in one embodiment, these inorganic materials are used to enhance the efficacy of bulk or surface additives.

In one embodiment, the bulk additive or surface additive is a polymer having a weight average molecular weight between about 5,000 Daltons and 500,000 Daltons. In another embodiment, the soil additive is a polymer having a weight average molecular weight between about 200,000 Daltons and 1,000,000 Daltons. In yet another embodiment, the soil additive is a polymer having a weight average molecular weight between about 500,000 Daltons and 1,500,000 Daltons. In another embodiment, the soil additive is a polymer having a weight average molecular weight between about 800,000 Daltons and 2,000,000 Daltons. In another embodiment, the soil additive is a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of up to about 5,000,000 Daltons. In another embodiment, the soil additive is a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of up to about 25,000,000 Daltons. In another embodiment, the soil additive is a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of up to about 50,000,000 Daltons. In a particular embodiment, the surface additives of the present invention have a weight average molecular weight of less than about 1,000,000 Daltons. In another specific embodiment, the surface additives of the present invention have a weight average molecular weight between about 1,200,000 Daltons and 1,900,000 Daltons.

The polymers may be cross-linked or non-cross-linked, or may be a combination of both to some extent. The crosslinking agents used may include, but are not limited to, copper compounds, magnesium compounds, borax, glyoxal, zirconium compounds, titanium compounds (e.g., tetravalent titanium compounds such as titanium lactate, titanium malate, titanium citrate, titanium ammonium lactate , polyol complexes of titanium, titanium triethanolamine and titanium acetylacetonate), calcium compounds, aluminum compounds (for example, aluminum lactate or citrate), p-benzoquinone, dicarboxylic acids and their salts, Phosphate compounds and phosphate compounds. In another embodiment, the crosslinking agent is a compound or mixture of multivalent ions, such as, but not limited to, boron or a metal (e.g., chromium, iron, aluminum, titanium, antimony and zirconium).

Surface additives or bulk additives are surfactants

In some embodiments, the surface additive and/or bulk additive can be a zwitterionic surfactant, anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, or cationic surfactant. In one embodiment, the surface or bulk additive is one or more cationic surfactants, which are ionic surfactant compounds that carry a positive charge (associated with the hydrophilic portion of the surfactant). Suitable cationic surfactants may be selected from primary, secondary or tertiary amine salts, optionally polyethoxylated fatty amine salts, quaternary ammonium salts such as tetraalkylammonium chlorides or tetraalkylbromides ammonium chloride, alkylaminoalkylammonium chloride or alkylaminoalkylammonium bromide, trialkylbenzyl ammonium chloride or trialkylbenzyl ammonium bromide, trialkylhydroxyalkylammonium chloride Or trialkyl hydroxyalkyl ammonium bromide, alkyl pyridinium chloride or bromide, cationic imidazoline derivatives and amine oxides.

In another embodiment, examples of suitable cationic surfactants include compounds represented by the following formula (I):

in:

R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ and R ₄ are each independently hydrogen, an organic group, a hydrocarbyl group, with the proviso that at least one of R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ and R ₄ is not hydrogen.

X ^- is an anion.

Suitable anions include, for example: chloride, bromide, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, lactate, saccharin anion, acetate or phosphate. If one to three of the R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ and R ₄ groups are hydrogen, the compound may be referred to as an amine salt. Some examples of cationic amine salts include polyethoxylated (2) oleyl/stearylamine, ethoxylated tallowamine, cocoalkylamine, oleylamine, and tallowalkylamine.

For quaternary ammonium compounds, R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ and R ₄ can each independently be the same or different organic groups, or one of the groups R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ and R ₄ May be combined with another, and together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a heterocyclic ring, but may not be hydrogen. Suitable organic groups include, for example, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, and aryl groups, each of which may be further substituted with other organic groups. Suitable quaternary ammonium compounds include monoalkylamine derivatives, dialkylamine derivatives and imidazoline derivatives.

Suitable monoalkylamine derivatives include, for example: cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (also known as CETAB or cetrimonium bromide), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (also known as cetrimonium trimethylammonium chloride), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (also known as myristyltrimethylammonium bromide or Quaternium-13), octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (also known as stearyl chloride), oleyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (also known as oleyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), lauryl / tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium methosulfate (also known as Cocotrimonium Methosulfate), Cetyl-Dimethyl-(2) Hydroxyethyl Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate (also known as Hydroxyethyl Cetyl Dimethyl Ammonium Phosphate), Brazil Palm oil amidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (bassuamidopropylkonium chloride), coco trimethyl ammonium chloride, dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, wheat germ oil amidopropyl benzyl dimethyl Ammonium Chloride, Stearyl Octyl Dimethyl Ammonium Methyl Sulfate, Isostearamidopropyl Benzyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride, Dihydroxypropyl PEG-5 Linoleyl Ammonium Chloride, PEG-2 Hard Fatty methyl ammonium chloride, Quaternium 18, Quaternium 80, Quaternium 82, Quaternium 84, Behenyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Dimethyl dicetyl ammonium chloride, Behenyl trimethyl ammonium methyl Sulfates, Tallowtrimonium Chloride, and Behenamidopropyl Ethyl Dimonium Ethyl Sulfate.

Suitable dialkylamine derivatives include, for example: dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, dimethyldicetylammonium chloride, stearyloctyldimethylammonium methylsulfate, Di(hydrogenated palm oil acyl ethyl) hydroxyethyl methyl ammonium methyl sulfate, dipalmitoyloxyethyl hydroxyethyl methyl ammonium methyl sulfate, dioleoyl ethyl hydroxyethyl methyl ammonium methyl sulfate salt, hydroxypropyl bis-stearyldimethylammonium chloride and mixtures thereof.

Suitable imidazoline derivatives include, for example: isostearyl benzyl imidazolinium chloride, cocoyl benzyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium chloride, cocoyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium PG- Chloride Phosphate, Quaternium 32, Stearyl Hydroxyethylimidazolinium Chloride and mixtures thereof.

Polymer preparation method

There are various methods of preparing polymers (ie, bulk additives and surface additives). Methods for preparing suitable synthetic polymers are described in US Patent No. 5,202,400. Polymers can be prepared by radical polymerization, polycondensation, anionic polymerization, cationic polymerization, ring-opening polymerization, coordination polymerization, metathesis polymerization, and the like. Examples of suitable free radical polymerization methods include, but are not limited to, solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, reverse phase suspension polymerization, thin film polymerization, spray polymerization, and the like. Particle size can be controlled by achieving suitable polymerization conditions and/or subsequent grinding. Methods for preparing suitable derivatives of natural polymers are also generally known in the art. Cross-linking of polysaccharides is described in US Patent Publication No. 20030027787 and US Patent Document No. 5,532,350.

Example

Experiment – Effect of Surface Additives and/or Bulk Additives

Typically, a soil sample is treated with a soil additive (bulk or surface treatment) and then placed in a container (petri dish or plastic bottle) on a balance. In some cases, to speed up the evaporation process, the treated soil was exposed to a nearby fan and lamp (eg, 100W) to ensure that the soil surface was at a constant heated temperature of about 30°C to about 60°C. Typically, the soil surface is at a constant heated temperature of about 35°C to about 45°C. Weight loss can be recorded manually or automatically with the aid of a computer over a period of time.

Sample preparation for bulk processing is typically as follows:

1. Introducing bulk additives into soil samples;

2. Mix the treated soil sample by shaking or stirring (eg, stirring with a spoon);

3. Transfer the treated soil sample to a film bag or a semi-permeable bag;

4. Dip the film bag in a dip pan for 30 minutes until approximately saturated;

5. Remove the film bag from the dipping pan and allow excess water to seep out of the film bag; and

6. Transfer the saturated treated soil sample from the film bag to a petri dish and measure the water loss as a function of time as described above (evaporation rate calculated from water loss kinetic data).

Sample preparation for surface preparation is usually as follows:

1. A soil sample is contained in a container having a hole or holes at or near the bottom, and an aqueous mixture of a surface additive is sprayed onto said soil sample so that the surface additive forms a surface layer;

2. Place the bottom of the container in the dipping pan for about 30 minutes until roughly saturated;

3. Remove the container from the dipping pan and allow excess water to seep from the container; and

4. Measure the moisture loss as a function of time according to the above method (calculate the evaporation rate from the moisture loss kinetic data).

A 0.1% by weight aqueous solution was sprayed onto the surface of the soil sample. When a natural clay soil from Shaanxi Province (China) was sprayed with a 0.1 wt% aqueous solution of Jaguar S (washed non-modified guar gum, Rhodia), the water evaporation kinetics decreased up to 30%. Referring to Figure 1, the effect of spraying time on volatilization kinetics is shown. As shown in Figure 1, the soil without surface treatment exhibited the shortest water holding time relative to the soil with surface treatment. The 0.4% bulk additive showed the relatively longest water holding time.

Advantageously, the mixture is applied to the ground by spraying (before, during or after cultivation of the crops). In the form of a spray, insecticides, fertilizers, other active agents/adjuvants can be introduced and applied simultaneously. In one embodiment, a spray time of 4 seconds was used for optimum efficiency in reducing the kinetics of water evaporation. As shown in Figure 2, when these conditions were applied to the soil (threshold: 1% by weight residual moisture), an improvement of 30% was obtained. An improvement of 40% is obtained if the evaporation time is measured when a threshold of 1% by weight of residual moisture is reached. Under the temperature and wind conditions in the laboratory (surface temperature = 45°C, breeze circulation on the soil surface), the total amount of water evaporated in a day is 4.25cm (the total evaporation rate is 4.25cm/day, which is equivalent to a very hot temperature condition Area). After application of Jaguar S (1% by weight) solution, the total evaporation rate was 3.35 cm/day (about 20% increase). The surface additive (Jaguar S) used in the surface treatment application was about 50Kg per hectare (cost about US$50/ha), which is in line with agricultural and tillage requirements.

For bulk treatment of soil with bulk additives, uniformly mix the surface 0-20 cm of soil with one or more bulk additives. In one embodiment, the application of the additive and its mixing with the soil is carried out by introducing the additive in solid form (powder or granules). Additives may be introduced prior to sowing into the soil, and/or with fertilizers and other active agents. Additives are commonly introduced in concentrations ranging from 10 ^-4 % to 0.5% by weight.

Referring to Figures 3 and 4, when 0.4% by weight of guar gum (Jaguar S) was introduced to the soil, Jaguar S was shown to be able to reduce evaporation kinetics by a factor of 3. Figure 3 compares bulk treatment (using bulk additives) and surface treatment (using surface additives) using untreated Shaanxi soil. Several kinds of additives used in experiments herein are: PolyEthyleneOxyde (PEO, Mw=20,000g/mole); PolyEthyleneOxyde (PEO, Mw-1,000g/mole); Aquarite ESL (Rhodia Corporation, phosphate-terminated polymer); Starch (commercially available flour purchased from Shanghai Supermarket); Jaguar S (Rhodia Company); Agrho ExPol1 (hydroxypropyl guar gum hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride); polyacrylate (PAA, Mw=1,000,000 g/mole, trade name: KL-300, Chinese supplier); polyacrylate (PAA, Mw=3,000,000 g/mole, trade name: KL-120B, Chinese supplier).

As mentioned above, during initial water uptake, bulk additives help soils absorb and retain more water than untreated soil without additives. The additive acts as a sponge and prevents moisture loss. Figure 5 is a graph showing the increment of initial adsorbed moisture in the soil obtained with different additives. All additives were used in the washed Shaanxi soil at a concentration of 0.4 wt% under the same conditions. It can be seen that Jaguar S exhibits approximately 25% water retention compared to the untreated soil. Referring to Figure 6, high molecular weight PAANa (KL-120B) performed better than Jaguar S in unwashed soil.

As stated above, it is believed that a second factor associated with prolonged soil evaporation times is a change in the internal structure of the soil in which water vapor in the soil is carried or dragged by capillary action. to the surface (ie, evaporation interface), and is lost by evaporation. Additives block the pores in the soil, thereby slowing the transport of water to the evaporative interface. In the following figures, for the second factor, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, we show that unmodified guar gum and modified guar gum can weaken the evaporation.

Referring to FIG. 9, FIG. 9 is a graph showing the stability or water resistance of Jaguar S (washed unmodified guar gum) used as a surface additive. We were surprised to find that guar gum has remarkable water retention properties. When the additive is sprayed onto the surface of the targeted soil area, there is minimal loss of water holding capacity over several cycles. In addition, the layer formed by the additive is less prone to physical degradation, where the polymer dissolves in water and destabilizes the semi-permeable layer after successive cycles of rainfall and drying. Thus, a semi-permeable surface with high stability or high stability against physical degradation can be formed on the target soil area. It is shown in Figure 9 that Jaguar S can withstand different rain/dry cycles and it has been demonstrated that the semi-permeable layer (membrane) remains stable up to six cycles (water wash).

Experiment – Effect of Surface Additives on Germination Rate

For the first, second and third cycle experiments, samples for surface treatment are usually prepared as follows:

1: Put the seeds in dry soil 1mm below the surface.

2: Spray an aqueous solution of a polymer (like Agrho ExPol 1) on the soil surface.

3: Immerse the bottle in water (30 minutes).

4: Filter out excess water.

5: Put the bottle in the greenhouse to start seedling cultivation.

For the fourth round of cycle experiments, samples for surface treatment are typically prepared as follows:

1: Soak dry soil in water (30 minutes).

2: Filter out excess water.

3: Put the seeds in moist soil 1mm below the surface.

4: Spray an aqueous solution of polymer (such as Agrho ExPol 1 and the like) to the soil surface.

5: Put the bottle under natural conditions (sunlight and room temperature, and start seedling cultivation).

Referring to Figure 10, this figure shows the spraying of a 0.4% by weight aqueous solution of surface additive on the soil surface with the seeds at a depth of 1 mm in the soil. The irrigation conditions are as follows:

- All samples were watered 10 mL per day in the 3 experimental protocols.

- 5 bottles with 110 g of soil in each bottle were used in each experimental protocol.

- The study was carried out without the use of fertilizers and included only soil, water, seeds and additives (required in some samples), thus simplifying the model.

- All seeds were planted 1mm below the soil surface.

- The temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 25°C.

In the above method, Agrho ExPol 1 (cationic guar gum) was observed to produce faster germination kinetics and highest final germination rate of green vegetable seeds compared to the control sample (no soil additive). The soil used in this test was from Shaanxi Province and was of clayey soil type. During the first 10 days, green cabbage seeds germinated with different kinetics. The samples sprayed with 12.5 mL of Agrho ExPol 1 in water (Agrho ExPol 1(1); aqueous solution containing 0.05 g of Agrho ExPol 1) exhibited the fastest germination kinetics, which indicated that the Agrho ExPol 1 additive was able to accelerate the germination of cabbage seeds Potential. The performance of promoting seeding also depends on the concentration of the additive. If the dose was doubled (Agrho ExPol 1(2); the aqueous solution contained 0.1 g of Agrho ExPol 1), the performance was still higher than that of the control soil, but lower than that of the Agrho ExPol 1(1) sample. The final germination rates of Agrho ExPol 1(1) and Agrho ExPol 1(2) were 70% and 50%, respectively, compared to only 35% for the control soil. The surface area of the soil is about 30 cm ² , which corresponds to a dosage of approximately 150 kg/ha and about 300 kg/ha for Agrho ExPol 1(1) and Agrho ExPol 1(2), respectively.

Germination tests were performed under well-watered conditions (watering 10 mL per day) to rule out the effects of water shortage during germination. Once crops germinate faster, they can grow faster. On day 10, the treated samples AgrhoExPol 1(1) and Agrho ExPol 1(2) were observed to grow taller and appear healthier.

Referring to Figure 11, the number of germinated crops (greens) in week 1 is plotted as a function of the number of days for the different experimental protocols.

Irrigation conditions:

- All samples were watered 10 mL per day in the 3 experimental protocols.

- 5 bottles with 50 g of soil in each bottle were used in each experimental protocol.

- The study was carried out without fertilizers and included only soil, water, seeds and additives (required in some samples), thus simplifying the model.

- The dosage of the additive is from about 150 kg/ha to about 175 kg/ha.

- All seeds were planted 1mm below the soil surface.

- The temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at 25°C.

Referring again to FIG. 11 , it was observed that cationic guar gums (such as Agrho ExPol 1 and Agrho ExPol 1 and Agrho ExPol 2, and Agrho ExPol 3) showed higher germination kinetics and germination percentage.

Referring to Figures 12 to 14, Agrho ExPol 1 was also tested for germination enhancement (ie, seeding increase) performance under different irrigation conditions. Watering condition 2 (WC2) provided 25 mL of water every 3 days. Watering condition 3 (WC3) provided 25 mL of water every 4 days. Watering condition 4 (WC4) provided 25 mL of water every 5 days. As can be seen from Figures 12 to 14, Agrho ExPol 1 was able to increase germination kinetics and final germination percentage under all irrigation conditions compared to the control. Under well-watered conditions, the additive is believed to act as a stimulant to the seeds. Under harsh irrigation conditions, the additive retains moisture in the soil by reducing the rate of evaporation and at the same time stimulates seed germination.

Referring to Figure 15, the number of germinated crops (greens) is plotted as a function of days for round 4 of the experiment. The two treatments were control soil from Shaanxi, sprayed with .04g of Agrho ExPol 1 on the surface. The dose is about 100 kg/ha.

Irrigation conditions:

- All samples were watered 10 mL per day in the 3 experimental protocols.

- 45 seeds were used in each treatment.

- 3 bottles were used in each treatment with 100 g of soil in each bottle.

- The study was carried out without the use of fertilizers. All seeds were planted 1 mm below the soil surface.

- The test was carried out under natural conditions (sunlight and room temperature, about 20°C) (with seeds from different batches of the seeds related to figure 10).

Referring again to FIG. 15 , it was observed that Agrho ExPol 1 (cationic guar gum) could bring green vegetable seeds under natural conditions (compared to the greenhouse conditions of FIG. 10 ) compared to the control sample (no soil additive). Faster germination kinetics and highest final germination.

It is to be understood that other embodiments than those explicitly described herein are within the spirit and scope of the claims. Accordingly, the invention described herein is not limited by the foregoing description but is to be accorded the full scope of the claims so as to cover any and all equivalent compositions and methods.

Claims (16)

1. the method improving the germination percentage of plant or crops, including the top layer and the surface additive that make target soil region Contact, the most described surface additive is cambium layer on described target soil region, the wherein said table making target soil region Layer contacts before water deficit conditions with surface additive or carries out under water deficit conditions, and wherein water deficit conditions refers at least In the time of 3 days phases, the water irrigation volume in described target soil region is less than 8mm,

Wherein said surface additive is selected from cation guar gum or cationic guar derivative.

2. the method described in claim 1, wherein said soil choosing free clay soil, sandy soil, slity soil, peat soil, loamy texture The group that soil, chalky soil and their combination in any are constituted.

3. the method described in claim 2, wherein said soil is such soil, and the feature of this soil is mean diameter D₅₀Little In or equal to 50 μm.

4. the method described in claim 1, wherein contacts with the described top layer of soil and includes comprising described to the sprinkling of described soil The aqueous mixture of surface additive.

5. the method described in claim 4, wherein said aqueous mixture also comprises adjuvant, surfactant, fertilizer, parasite killing The combination of agent or arbitrarily aforementioned substances.

6. the method described in claim 1, wherein said surface additive is selected from the cation guar gum powder of hydroxypropylation, sun The hydroxypropyl guar gum (cationic HMHP guar) of ion hydrophobically modified, the cation guar gum (HM of hydrophobically modified Cationic guar), guar hydroxypropyltrimonium ammonium chloride, hydroxypropyl guar gum hydroxypropyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride or arbitrarily The combination of aforementioned substances.

7. the method described in claim 1, also include making seed and described target area soil or with described target area soil Interior contact.

8. the method described in claim 7, wherein said seed is the classification in the group selecting free Radix Brassicae rapae, green vegetable and Chinese cabbage to constitute Or subclass.

9. the method described in claim 7, wherein said seed select free crop seeds, non-crop seeds and they Combination in any constitute group.

10. the method described in claim 7, wherein said seed comes from crops or vegetable, described crops or vegetable choosing From Semen Maydis, Semen Tritici aestivi, Sorghum vulgare Pers., Semen sojae atricolor, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L., Radix Raphani, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, Brassica campestris L, Caulis et Folium Lactucae sativae, rye grass, herbage, Oryza sativa L., Cotton Gossypii or Helianthi.

Method described in 11. claim 7, wherein said seed select free Semen Maydis, Btassica, Herba Medicaginis, Oryza sativa L., rye (Secale cereale L.), Sorghum vulgare Pers., Foxtail millet, broomcorn millet, millet, ragimillet, Helianthi, Flos Carthami, Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen sojae atricolor, Nicotiana tabacum L., Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, Semen arachidis hypogaeae, Cotton Gossypii, Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae, Maninot esculenta crantz., coffee, Cortex cocois radicis, Fructus Ananadis comosi, mandarin tree, cocoa, tea, Fructus Musae, American Avocado Tree, Fructus Fici, Fructus psidii guajavae immaturus, Fructus Mangifera Indicae, Fructus Canarii albi, Fructus Caricae, Fructus anacardii, Australia heavily fortified point Really, apricot, Radix Betae, Caulis Sacchari sinensis, Herba bromi japonici, Fructus Hordei Vulgaris, vegetable, ornamental plant, xylophyta, pumpkin, Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae, Fructus Cannabis, Cucurbita pepo L., Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae Really, pears, Fructus Melo, Fructus Pruni salicinae, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi, Fructus Persicae, Prunus persicanucipersica Schneider, Fructus Pruni, Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, Fructus Vitis viniferae, Fructus Rubi, blackberry, Semen sojae atricolor, Sorghum vulgare Pers., Caulis Sacchari sinensis, oil Semen Allii Tuberosi, Herba Trifolii Pratentis, Radix Dauci Sativae, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, Caulis et Folium Lactucae sativae, Kidney bean, Phaseolus lunatus L., Semen Pisi sativi, Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L., Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, turnip, Radix Raphani, Herba Spinaciae, reed Radix Crotalariae szemoensis, Bulbus Allii Cepae, Bulbus Allii, Fructus Piperis, Herba Apii graveolentis, Fructus Cucumidis sativi, cantaloupe, Fructus Melo, Fructus Melo, laurustinus, Hibisci Mutabilis, petunia, Flos Rosae Multiflorae, Cuculus polioephalus Flower, Flos Tulipae Gesnerianae, narcissus, Dianthus chinensis, poinsettia, chrysanthemum, torch pine, slash pine, ponderosa pine, Pollen pini thunbergii, pine, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco, western ferrum China fir, picea sitchensis, sequoia sempervirens, silver fir, balosam fir, Pacific red cedar, yellow cedar, beans, Semen Pisi sativi, Guar beans, Robinia pseudoacacia L. Bean, Semen Trigonellae, Semen sojae atricolor, green beans, Semen vignae sinensis, Semen phaseoli radiati, Phaseolus lunatus L., Vetch, Radix Crotalariae szemoensis class, chickpea, Semen Pisi sativi, Aconitum carmichjaelii Debx. leaf vegetables Bean, Semen Viciae fabae, Semen Phaseoli Vulgaris, Radix Crotalariae szemoensis, salted Brassicae siccus bean, Arachis, Semen arachidis hypogaeae, Vicia, facet syndrom, hairy vetch, Semen Phaseoli, Semen phaseoli radiati, olecranon Bean, Lupinus, Pisum, Melilotus sweetclover, Medicago, Nelumbo, shore bean, false indigo, turf, orchardgrass, oxtail Tan, rye grass, Creeping bentgrass, alfalfa, Birdfoot, a HUADOU kind, sieve pause the group that bean, sainfoin and their combination in any are constituted.

Method described in 12. claim 1, wherein water deficit conditions refers within the time of the most by a definite date 4 days, described target soil The water irrigation volume in region is less than 8mm.

Method described in 13. claim 1, wherein water deficit conditions refers within the time of the most by a definite date 5 days, described target soil The water irrigation volume in region is less than 8mm.

Method described in 14. claim 1, wherein water deficit conditions refers within the time of the most by a definite date 7 days, described target soil The water irrigation volume in region is less than 8mm.

Method described in 15. claim 1, wherein water deficit conditions refers within the time of the most by a definite date 10 days, described target soil The water irrigation volume in earth region is less than 8mm.

Method described in 16. claim 7, wherein said seed select free cereal seed, ornamental plant seed, vegetable seeds, The group that turf seed, grass seed, gardening seed and their combination in any are constituted.