CN103313503B - Solid spallation target for Accelerator Driven Subcritical nuclear power system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a solid spallation target structure used in an accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy system, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear energy. A solid spallation target for an accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy system, the main features of which are: a target body is provided at the end of the inner cavity of the proton beam flow channel, and multiple rows of cooling through holes are provided on the target body. One end of the multi-row cooling through holes is provided with a helium inlet header, and the helium inlet header is connected with the helium inlet header connection pipe; the other end is provided with a cooling helium outlet header, and the helium outlet header is connected Air outlet header connection pipe connection. The invention has the advantages that the structure of the solid spallation target is easy to process and manufacture, because the same material is used, the welding is relatively easy, and the structure meets the other functional requirements of the ADS system for the spallation target.

Description

Solid spallation targets for accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy systems

technical field

The invention relates to a solid spallation target structure used in an accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy system, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear energy.

Background technique

ADS is the abbreviation of Accelerator Driven Sub-critical Clean Nuclear Energy System (Accelerator Driven Sub-critical System), which is a spallation reaction between high-energy protons accelerated by an accelerator and heavy target nuclei (such as lead or tungsten, etc.), and a spallation reaction caused by a proton Dozens of neutrons can be generated, and the neutrons produced by the spallation reaction are used as the neutron source to drive the subcritical cladding system, so that the subcritical cladding system can maintain a chain reaction in order to obtain energy and use excess neutrons to multiply nuclear materials and transmutation of nuclear waste.

The spallation target is an important part of the ADS system. After the high-energy protons produced by the accelerator collide with the spallation target material, a spallation reaction occurs to produce neutrons. Neutrons are used as a source of neutrons to drive the subcritical reactor to maintain a chain reaction and transmutate nuclear waste.

For the ADS system, the function of the target system is to transform the high-energy incident particle flow into neutrons that drive the subcritical cladding to criticality. The basic requirements for the target can be summarized as follows: (1) Compact structure, easy to contact with the cladding Combined; (2) high operating power, with power levels between 10 and 100MW; (3) high neutron yield efficiency; (4) reliable and low-maintenance operations; (5) safe and low-hazard operation; (6) generate less waste.

Starting from meeting the above requirements, it is considered that molten liquid lead and lead-bismuth eutectic alloy (LBE) are currently better choices. For lead-bismuth eutectic alloys, the prominent problem is radioactive products. Since the polonium element produced after the activation of metal bismuth is a highly toxic radionuclide, and polonium is volatile, polonium will be in the accident condition. Rapid volatilization from the lead-bismuth eutectic alloy at high temperature causes serious radioactive consequences. For lead, the amount of polonium produced by nuclear reaction is very small, but lead must work at a higher temperature, and more experimental research is needed to finally determine the optimal choice for the selection of the target.

There are many forms of spallation target design: (1) The Brookhaven National Laboratory of the United States has proposed many concepts of accelerator proliferation targets, including sodium-cooled fast reactor targets, molten salt targets, and gas-cooled targets; (2) European nuclear center team concept design scheme - "energy amplifier" using liquid lead target; (3) Belgian MYRRHA plan to use liquid lead-bismuth eutectic alloy spallation target; (4) EU XT-ADS plan through the windowless method Bombardment of liquid lead-bismuth metal spallation targets; (5) Italy TRIGA plans to use a solid tungsten target in conjunction with a subcritical TRIGA reactor; (6) Italy TRASCO plans to use pressurized lead-bismuth eutectic alloy spallation targets.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to avoid the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a solid spallation target for an accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy system. To solve the problem of adopting the gas-cooled reactor scheme in the ADS system, a reliable solid spallation target structure is provided to ensure that the requirements of the ADS system for the spallation target can be met, and it can withstand certain pressure and temperature changes.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a solid spallation target used in an accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy system. There are multiple rows of cooling through holes on the target body, one end of the multiple rows of cooling through holes is provided with a helium inlet header, and the helium inlet header is connected to the helium inlet header connecting pipe; the other end is provided with a cooling helium The gas outlet header is connected with the helium outlet header connecting pipe.

The solid spallation target used in the accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy system, the multiple rows of cooling through holes provided on the target body are multiple rows of round holes in two horizontal directions, each of which is connected to helium at one end Gas inlet header, at the other end connect to cooling helium outlet header.

For the solid spallation target used in the accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy system, the helium gas inlet header and the helium gas outlet header are provided with connecting joints above the box body, and are provided on the end surface connected with the target body. There are through holes corresponding to the multiple rows of cooling through holes in the target body.

As for the solid spallation target used in an accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy system, the target body is a cuboid or a cube.

The solid spallation target used in the accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy system, the target body, the helium inlet header, the helium inlet header connecting pipe, the cooling helium outlet header and the outlet header connecting pipe adopt The material is solid tungsten.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the solid spallation target structure is easy to process and manufacture. Since the same material is used, the welding is relatively easy, and the structure meets the other functional requirements of the ADS system for the spallation target. For example, (1) the target material must have With a relatively high lifetime, the target is conveniently cooled to take out the heat generated by the transmutation. With the solid spallation target structure of the present invention, the coolant can be cooled by the same helium as the reactor, or other liquids, and the overall design of the spallation target is more flexible; (2) The structure is compact and easy to integrate with the cladding (3) high operating power, with a power level between 10 and 100MW; (4) high neutron yield efficiency; (5) reliable and low-cost maintenance operations; (6) safe and low-hazard operation; (7) produce less waste.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional schematic diagram of the spallation target cuboid target body of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the cooling helium inlet header and the cooling helium outlet header of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment 1: see Fig. 1, a kind of solid spallation target that is used for accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy system, comprises that a target body 3 is provided at the inner cavity end of proton beam channel 1, and a target body 3 is provided with 12 rows of cooling through holes 6 are used as flow channels for cooling helium. The 12 rows of cooling through holes 6 provided on the target body 3 are 6 rows of round holes in two horizontal directions, and one end is provided with helium The gas inlet header 4, the helium inlet header 4 are connected with the helium inlet header connecting pipe 9; the other end is provided with the cooling helium outlet header 5, the helium outlet header 5 is connected with the helium outlet header connecting pipe 2 connections.

The helium inlet header 4 and the helium outlet header 5 are provided with connection joints 2 on the top of the box body, and are provided with 6 rows of cooling through holes 6 corresponding to the target body 6 on the end surface connected to the target body 3. through holes.

The target body 3 is a cuboid.

The target body 3, the helium inlet header 4, the helium inlet header connecting pipe 9, the cooling helium outlet header 5 and the outlet header connecting pipe 2 are made of solid tungsten.

Embodiment 2: See Fig. 1, the solid spallation target used in the accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy system, the 13 rows of cooling through-holes 6 provided on the target body 3 are respectively in the two horizontal directions 6 rows and 7 rows of round holes are arranged crosswise, and one end is connected to the helium gas inlet header 4, and the other end is connected to the cooling helium gas outlet header 5. All the other structures are the same as in Example 1.

The rectangular parallelepiped target 3 runs through the two surfaces in two horizontal directions and has multiple rows of round holes 6 and 7, which are used as flow channels for cooling helium; cooling helium inlet header 4, cooling helium outlet header 5, proton The beam flow channel 1 is welded on the cuboid target part 3; the cooling helium gas inlet header 4 and the cooling helium gas outlet header 5 are all provided with round holes 8 on the plane. During welding, the round holes 8 and the openings on the cuboid target 3 6 or openings 7 correspond; the outlet 5 and inlet 4 of the header connecting pipe are distributed and welded on different headers; the proton beam flow channel 1 is a cylindrical hollow pipe, and its lower end is welded on the cuboid target 3 surface.

Embodiment 3: See Fig. 1, the solid spallation target used in the accelerator-driven subcritical nuclear energy system, the target body 3 is a cube. The 8 rows of cooling through-holes 6 provided on the target body 3 are 4 rows of circular holes in two horizontal directions, respectively connected to the helium gas inlet header 4 at one end, and connected to the cooling helium gas outlet at the other end. Header 5. All the other structures are the same as in Example 1.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.

Claims (1)

1. the solid spallation target for Accelerator Driven Subcritical nuclear power system, it is characterized in that: include and be provided with target body in the inner chamber termination of proton beam passage, target body is provided with multiple rows of cooling through hole, be provided with helium influent header in one end of multiple rows of cooling through hole, helium influent header is connected with helium influent header connecting tube；Being provided with cooling helium outlet header at the other end, cooling helium outlet header is connected with helium outlet header connecting tube；The described multiple rows of cooling through hole being provided with on target body is the multiple rows of circular hole in the both direction of level, the most at one end connects helium influent header, connects cooling helium outlet header at the other end；Described helium influent header, cooling helium outlet header are arranged over jointing at casing, are provided with cooling through hole one to one through hole multiple rows of with target body on the end face being connected with target body；Described target body is cuboid or square；The material that described target body, helium influent header, helium influent header connecting tube, cooling helium outlet header and helium outlet header connecting tube use is solid tungsten.