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CN103308942B - Method and system for visualizing seismic data - Google Patents

Method and system for visualizing seismic data Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103308942B
CN103308942B CN201210064160.3A CN201210064160A CN103308942B CN 103308942 B CN103308942 B CN 103308942B CN 201210064160 A CN201210064160 A CN 201210064160A CN 103308942 B CN103308942 B CN 103308942B
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sub
block
resolution
visible
data
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CN103308942A (en
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谢凯
余厚全
吴凌云
伍鹏
阮宁君
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Petrochina Co Ltd
Yangtze University
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Petrochina Co Ltd
Yangtze University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for visualizing seismic data, and belongs to the field of computers. The method and the device convert the seismic data to obtain the volume data by using the CPU, divide the volume data into blocks, filter the blocks to obtain the visible sub-blocks, and transmit the visible sub-blocks to the GPU for image drawing, so that the calculation amount of the GPU can be greatly reduced, the three-dimensional visualization of the seismic data can be performed by using the common GPU on a common computer, the use is convenient, and the cost is saved.

Description

A kind of method and system of visual geological data
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer realm, particularly a kind of method and system of visual geological data.
Background technology
At geophysics field, seismic prospecting is one of method important in geophysical survey.It is with artificial method earthquake-wave-exciting, and with seismic prospecting instrument, the vibrations of the earth is recorded on tape, then processes the data that field obtains with computing machine, obtains the information about underground structure and lithology and hydrocarbon information.Wherein, carrying out three dimensional graph display to the geological data obtained is an indispensable part during three-dimensional data three-dimensional visualization is explained, can not only express and show feature and their space distribution rule of all kinds of structural plane so clearly, intuitively arrive tectonic structure, mutual relationship and distribution, thus be conducive to pinpointing the problems, problem analysis, for next step geologic interpretation lays the foundation.
Huge owing to surveying the geological data amount obtained, the calculated amount produced when carrying out three-dimensional visualization is huge, and three-dimensional seismic visual in the past all can only have been gone by the powerful supercomputer of configuration or professional graphic workstation.
Realizing in process of the present invention, inventor finds that prior art at least exists following problem:
Supercomputer or professional graphic workstation cost all costly, use also inconvenient.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, embodiments provide a kind of method and system of visual geological data.Described technical scheme is as follows:
A method for visual geological data, described method comprises:
By CPU (CentralProcessingUnit, central processing unit), 3D seismic data is carried out being converted to volume data, and described volume data is decomposed into sub-block;
Described sub-block is carried out filtering and is obtained visible sub-block by described CPU;
GPU (GraphicProcessingUnit, graphic process unit) described visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition after obtain the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data, wherein, described multi-resolution models comprises discrete approximation signal and discrete detail signal;
Transmit the described discrete approximation signal under J class resolution ratio, then the order successively decreased according to resolution levels by J class resolution ratio transmits described discrete detail signal step by step, wherein, J is integer;
According to direction of visual lines vector, the order arrived according to described discrete approximation signal and discrete detail signal carries out 3 D rendering;
Described GPU obtains the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data after described visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition, comprising:
3 D wavelet decomposition is carried out to each described visible sub-block and creates level corresponding to described visible sub-block with the order that resolution levels successively decreases;
Revise the data value at two adjacent described visible sub-block boundaries places, with the continuity of the level transition keeping each resolution levels corresponding;
By carrying out resampling with the resolution of different stage to same described visible sub-block, opacity correction is carried out to described visible sub-block;
The level corresponding to the multiresolution of described visible sub-block carries out adaptively selected;
Calculate the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data.
Further, described 3D seismic data is carried out being converted to volume data, comprising:
The 3D seismic data obtained at multiple sampled point is converted to multiple voxel, and described multiple voxel combination is obtained described volume data;
Wherein, 3D seismic data, rgb color value and transparence information that sampled point corresponding to described each voxel obtains at least is comprised in each voxel.
Further, described volume data is decomposed into sub-block, comprises:
Adopt the structure of Octree described volume data to be carried out to the decomposition of 2 × 2 × 2, obtain 8 sub-blocks, and when meeting first and being pre-conditioned, the sub-block continued in described 8 sub-blocks obtained decomposition is decomposed and is obtained less sub-block;
Wherein, described first pre-conditionedly comprises:
The size that the consistance of the voxel in described sub-block is less than user-defined critical value, the size of described sub-block is greater than the size of the video memory corresponding with described GPU, the size of described sub-block is greater than described user-defined minimum sub-block.
Further, describedly described sub-block carried out filtering obtain visible sub-block, comprising:
Create voxel count table;
The ratio of the visible voxel in all sub-blocks is calculated according to transparent transmission function;
Judge to obtain described visible sub-block by the ratio of the visible voxel in described all sub-blocks;
Wherein, described voxel count table is for adding up the quantity of the visible voxel after described transparent transmission function category, and described transparent transmission function obtains according to described direction of visual lines vector.
Further, before described GPU obtains the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data after described visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition, described method also comprises:
By described visible sub block transmission in video memory corresponding to described GPU.
Further, the data value at two described visible sub-block boundaries places that described amendment is adjacent, to keep the continuity of level transition, comprising:
At adjacent two described visible sub-block boundaries places, the data value of current level is copied to a upper high-level level, or after the data value of current level is carried out interpolation, replace the data value of a upper high-level level boundary.
Further, described multi-resolution models is specially:
f ( x , y , z ) = Σ i , j , k ∈ Z ( A m d f ) i , j , k φ m , i , j , k ( x , y , z ) + Σ m = 1 J Σ n = 1 7 Σ i , j , k ∈ Z ( D m n f ) i , j , k ψ m , i , j , k n ( x , y , z )
Wherein, f (x, y, z) is described volume data, and integer J is the progression of wavelet multi_resolution analysis, the discrete approximation signal of described volume data under J class resolution ratio, the discrete detail signal of described volume data under J class resolution ratio, φ m, i, j, k(x, y, z) is the 3 D wavelet orthogonal basis of described discrete approximation signal, be the 3 D wavelet orthogonal basis of described discrete detail signal, Z represents integer.
Further, described according to direction of visual lines vector, the order arrived according to described discrete approximation signal and discrete detail signal carries out 3 D rendering, comprising:
In the picture plane being orthogonal to described direction of visual lines vector, draw out the 3-D view of default resolution with the discrete approximation signal under described J resolution;
The order successively decreased according to resolution by J resolution again uses discrete detail signal 3-D view described in refinement successively.
Further, after described direction of visual lines vector changes, described method also comprises:
According to the direction of visual lines vector after described change, the order arrived according to described discrete approximation signal and discrete detail signal carries out 3 D rendering.
A system for visual geological data, described system comprises: central processing unit and GPU;
Wherein, described central processing unit comprises:
Modular converter, for being undertaken being converted to volume data by 3D seismic data;
Decomposing module, for being decomposed into sub-block by described volume data;
Filtering module, obtains visible sub-block for described sub-block is carried out filtering;
Described GPU, comprising:
Model computation module, for obtaining the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data after described visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition, wherein, described multi-resolution models comprises discrete approximation signal and discrete detail signal;
Transport module, for transmitting the described discrete approximation signal under J class resolution ratio, then the order successively decreased according to resolution levels by J class resolution ratio transmits described discrete detail signal step by step, and wherein, J is integer;
Drafting module, for according to direction of visual lines vector, carries out 3 D rendering according to the order of described discrete approximation signal and the arrival of discrete detail signal;
Wherein, described model computation module, comprising:
3 D wavelet resolving cell, creates level corresponding to described visible sub-block for carrying out 3 D wavelet decomposition to each described visible sub-block with the order that resolution levels successively decreases;
Amendment unit, for revising the data value at two adjacent described visible sub-block boundaries places, with the continuity of the level transition keeping each resolution levels corresponding;
Correcting unit, for carrying out opacity correction by carrying out resampling with the resolution of different stage to same described visible sub-block to visible sub-block;
Selection unit, carries out adaptively selected for the level corresponding to the multiresolution of described visible sub-block;
Model computing unit, for calculating the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data.
Further, described modular converter, specifically for the 3D seismic data obtained at multiple sampled point is converted to multiple voxel, and obtains described volume data by described multiple voxel combination;
Wherein, 3D seismic data, rgb color value and transparence information that sampled point corresponding to described each voxel obtains at least is comprised in each voxel.
Further, described decomposing module, specifically for the decomposition adopting the structure of Octree described volume data to be carried out to 2 × 2 × 2, obtains 8 sub-blocks, and when meeting first and being pre-conditioned, continue to decompose the sub-block of decomposing in described 8 sub-blocks of obtaining to obtain less sub-block;
Wherein, described first pre-conditionedly comprises:
The size that the consistance of the voxel in described sub-block is less than user-defined critical value, the size of described sub-block is greater than the size of the video memory corresponding with described GPU, the size of described sub-block is greater than described user-defined minimum sub-block.
Further, described filtering module, comprising:
Creating unit, for creating voxel count table;
Ratio computing unit, for calculating the ratio of the visible voxel in all sub-blocks according to transparent transmission function;
Judging unit, for judging to obtain described visible sub-block by the ratio of the visible voxel in described all sub-blocks;
Wherein, described voxel count table is for adding up the quantity of the visible voxel after described transparent transmission function category, and described transparent transmission function obtains according to described direction of visual lines vector.
Further, described central processing unit, also comprises:
Memory module, for obtain the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data after described visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition by described model computation module before, by described visible sub block transmission in video memory.
Further, described amendment unit, specifically at adjacent two described visible sub-block boundaries places, copies a upper high-level level to by the data value of current level, or after the data value of current level is carried out interpolation, replace the data value of a upper high-level level boundary.
Further, described multi-resolution models is specially:
f ( x , y , z ) = Σ i , j , k ∈ Z ( A m d f ) i , j , k φ m , i , j , k ( x , y , z ) + Σ m = 1 J Σ n = 1 7 Σ i , j , k ∈ Z ( D m n f ) i , j , k ψ m , i , j , k n ( x , y , z )
Wherein, f (x, y, z) is described volume data, and integer J is the progression of wavelet multi_resolution analysis, the discrete approximation signal of described volume data under J class resolution ratio, the discrete detail signal of described volume data under J class resolution ratio, φ m, i, j, k(x, y, z) is the 3 D wavelet orthogonal basis of described discrete approximation signal, be the 3 D wavelet orthogonal basis of described discrete detail signal, Z represents integer.
Further, described drafting module, comprising:
First drawing unit, in the picture plane being orthogonal to described direction of visual lines vector, draws out the 3-D view of default resolution with the discrete approximation signal under described J resolution;
Second drawing unit, the order for successively decreasing according to resolution by J resolution uses discrete detail signal 3-D view described in refinement successively.
Further, described GPU, also comprises:
Heavy drafting module, after changing when described direction of visual lines vector, according to the direction of visual lines vector after described change, the order arrived according to described discrete approximation signal and discrete detail signal carries out 3 D rendering.
The beneficial effect that the technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention provides is brought is: by using in CPU, geological data is converted to volume data, and piecemeal is carried out to volume data, filtration obtains visible sub-block, GPU is being transferred to carry out Image Rendering visible sub-block biography, the calculated amount of GPU can be greatly reducing, make the three-dimensional visualization also carrying out geological data on a common computer by common GPU, easy to use, and cost-saving.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing used required in describing embodiment is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the method for a kind of visual geological data provided in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the method for a kind of visual geological data provided in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the one-dimensional data of use 4 levels provided in the embodiment of the present invention 2 expresses three wavelet decomposition;
Fig. 4 is the adaptive schematic diagram with the adjacent sub-blocks of 4 levels provided in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram with different resolution, same sub-block being carried out to resampling provided in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the system of a kind of visual geological data provided in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the central processing unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the image processor provided in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the filtering module provided in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Figure 10 is the second structural representation of the central processing unit provided in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Figure 11 is the structural representation of the model computation module provided in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Figure 12 is the structural representation of the drafting module provided in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Figure 13 is the second structural representation of the image processor provided in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiments provide a kind of method of visual geological data, the method comprises:
101,3D seismic data carries out being converted to volume data by CPU, and volume data is decomposed into sub-block;
102, sub-block is carried out filtering and is obtained visible sub-block by CPU;
103, GPU obtains the multi-resolution models of 3D seismic data after visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition, and wherein, multi-resolution models comprises discrete approximation signal and detail signal;
104, transmit the discrete approximation signal under J class resolution ratio, then the order successively decreased according to resolution levels by J class resolution ratio transmits detail signal step by step;
Wherein, J is integer.
105, according to direction of visual lines vector, the order arrived according to discrete approximation signal and detail signal carries out 3 D rendering.
The method of a kind of visual geological data that the present embodiment provides, by using in CPU, geological data is converted to volume data, and piecemeal is carried out to volume data, filtration obtains visible sub-block, transferring to GPU to carry out Image Rendering visible sub-block biography, the calculated amount of GPU can be greatly reducing, make the three-dimensional visualization also carrying out geological data on a common computer by common GPU, easy to use, and cost-saving.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment 2 provides a kind of method of visual geological data, is the improvement carried out on the basis of embodiment 1.
It should be noted that, in recent years, GPU (GraphicsProcessingUnit, graphic process unit) technology obtains develop rapidly, as a kind of dedicated graphics rendering hardware for PC, the development of GPU to three-dimensional Real-Time Rendering has great meaning.GPU is exactly speed relative to the main advantage of CPU, and the speed advantage of GPU is mainly derived from the hardware systems design of its uniqueness.The method of the visual geological data that the present embodiment provides, can make CPU and GPU parallel processing 3D seismic data, thus reaches the three dimensional stress display using common PC can carry out geological data.
As shown in Figure 2, the method for a kind of visual geological data that the present embodiment 2 provides, specifically comprises the steps:
201, the 3D seismic data obtained at each sampled point is converted to a voxel, obtains volume data;
Wherein, in order to carry out volume drawing to 3D seismic data, the 3D seismic data obtained by each sampled point is needed to convert a voxel to, the value (such as amplitude) of the 3D seismic data that each voxel has a corresponding sampled point to obtain, RGB (RedGreenBlue, a RGB) color-values and transparence information.
Wherein, transparence information is used for the darkness variable of nominal data transparency.
When exploring a region, multiple places in this region can be selected to carry out data acquisition, each place is a seismic trace, be stored on tape in this place perpendicular to the vibrations of the prone multiple sampled point record the earth of level by seismic prospecting instrument, each seismic trace is converted into a voxel road, and multiple voxel road is volume data.
202, above-mentioned volume data is carried out decomposition and obtain sub-block, and sub-block data is for subsequent use stored in disk;
It should be noted that, LOD (LevelOfDetails, level of detail) model is the effective ways describing magnanimity 3-D data volume, is also to accelerate three-dimensional picture to generate with the technology ensureing three-dimensional picture real-time rendering simultaneously.The cardinal principle of LOD model is according to the different minutias of observed object for this object of importance selection drafting of observer, carries out real-time rendering.Under the condition of different levels and different vision (visual angle and scope), the LOD model of different fine degree can be adopted to represent same object, to improve the display speed of three-dimensional scenic, realizes real-time display and the interactive operation of mass data.In geological data three-dimensional visualization process, to pursue the sense of reality different from general object dimensional graphic plotting, and due to the restriction of screen size and resolution, the 3-D display of geological data does not often need fully to show all sampling points.Can reflect that the amplitude of underground structure and stratum characteristic forms the data different resolution condition from the extracting data of magnanimity, to reduce unnecessary graphics calculations amount, by the piecemeal process to geological data, the voxel of a seismic data volume is reduced, to reach the object of level of detail management.Seismic data process algorithm based on LOD generally adopts the block algorithm based on Octree, the basic thought of this algorithm utilizes the threshold value of a distance to control the degree of depth of Octree recursive operation, when this threshold value is larger, obtain less earthquake voxel, otherwise then obtain more earthquake voxel.
Wherein, continue to carry out adaptive three dimensions decomposition to volume data, make whole volume data be divided into multiple fritter, referred to as sub-block, and by for subsequent use stored in disk for each sub-block data.
Particularly, from initial body data, the structure of Octree is adopted volume data to be carried out to the decomposition of 2 × 2 × 2, to obtain little sub-block, and make the corresponding corresponding volume data of each node of sub-block, and, from Octree root, whole volume data is divided into 8 sub-blocks, when meeting following default last decomposition condition, continues segmentation to sub-block.
The last decomposition condition preset comprises:
1. when the consistance of voxel in sub-block is less than the critical value that user defines;
Wherein, the consistance described in sub-block refers to the similarity of voxel included in sub-block.
2. the size of sub-block is greater than the size (such as, in the present embodiment, the video memory of the video card of use is 4GB) of video memory;
3. the size of sub-block is greater than the size of the minimum sub-block that user defines.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid the jump phenomena between adjacent sub-blocks, when carrying out adaptive decomposition to volume data, the data on sub-block boundaries have to be included in multiple sub-block, to ensure the continuity in data.
203, filtering is carried out to all sub-blocks and obtain visible sub-block;
Wherein, this step specifically comprises:
203-1, establishment voxel count table;
The quantity of visible voxel after transparent transmission function category added up by voxel count table.Visible sub-block after voxel count table is used to create filter, effectively to realize the space leaping of empty volume elements.A given sub-block voxel count table is constructed as follows:
Particularly, create the array of an one dimension, be made up of the voxel counter of a sequence, the index of this array is corresponding with the tonal range of voxel, all voxels in traversal sub-block, record the gray-scale value of all voxels in this sub-block, and be increased in corresponding voxel counter, finally all voxel counters are carried out comprehensive in a voxel count table.
203-2, calculate the ratio of the visible voxel in all sub-blocks according to current transparent transmission function;
Particularly, after constructing a voxel count table, to working as previous given transparent transmission function, we can pass through formula (1) and calculate R1 and R2, obtain the visible voxel ratio in a sub-block.
R 1 = V C T [ OTF M A X ] V C T [ VCT M A X ] and R 2 = V C T [ OTF M I N ] V C T [ VCT M A X ] - - - ( 1 )
Wherein, OTF mAXand OTF mINrepresent the minimum and maximum gray-scale value in a transparent transmission function, VCT mAXrepresent the maximal value of voxel count table.
203-3, judge to obtain visible sub-block by the ratio of the visible voxel in each sub-block.
Particularly, as the R calculated in step 203-2 1be greater than α or R 2be less than β, then visible sub-block after this sub-block being added filter.Wherein, α and β is user-defined 2 threshold values, obtains visible sub-block for carrying out filtering to sub-block.
Such as, when the gray-scale value in all voxels is greater than OTF mAX, the R in formula (1) 1be 0.Same, when the gray-scale value in all voxels is less than OTF mIN, R 2be 1.As a result, if R 1be 0 or R 2be 1, then think that specified sub-block is sky.
To the large volume data comprising many empty volume elements, we need the result according to transparent transmission function category, determine which sub-block is dead zone.And the sub-block of some non-NULLs only comprises the voxel of a small amount of needs drafting.We utilize voxel count table, together with user-defined 2 threshold alpha and β, be almost empty sub-block carry out filtering to these.We claim the sub-block by still remaining after filtering operation for sub-block visible after filter.Calculate not by the visibility information of viewpoint constraint to each sub-block, after structure filter, the step of visible sub-block is as follows:
1. utilize user-defined transparent transmission functional minimum value (OTF mIN) and maximal value (OTF mAX) test all sub-blocks.
2. the sub-block of pair current accessed, if the R in formula (1) 1be greater than α or R 2be less than β, visible sub-block after this sub-block being added filter.
3., when transparent transmission function, upgrade filtered visible sub-block according to the transparent tansfer function after conversion.
204, the data of visible sub-block are transferred in the video memory of video card, and according to the number of cores of video card, twice decomposition are carried out to the data be passed in video memory;
In the present embodiment, the data of the visible sub-block in disk are read in internal memory, and is sent to video card by internal memory.To the data in video card according to the number of cores in the GPU of video card, adaptive twice decomposition is carried out to it, such as, in the video card GTX460 selected in the present embodiment, comprises 192 kernels, therefore the data in video memory can be divided into 192 parts, distribute to 192 kernels and do parallel computation.
205, the data obtained described twice decomposition in the kernel of described video card carry out the multi-resolution models that parallel computation obtains 3D seismic data;
It should be noted that, the function that GPU runs is called core (Kernel), it is characterized in that all elements that operates on multiple stream and be not only operating independently element, and executive routine ought call core program in an asynchronous manner.Serial section in executive routine performs on CPU, core then only performs as parallel section on GPU, now, grid (Grid), block (Block), thread (Thread) three thread ranks the procedure division that GPU runs are become to implement respectively.Framework according to GPU does adaptive decomposition to 3D seismic data, wherein, whole geological data is corresponding with the grid (Grid) in GPU, sub-block geological data is corresponding with the block (Block) in GPU, and the slice of data in sub-block geological data is corresponding with the thread (Thread) in GPU.
Particularly, the data obtained described twice decomposition in the kernel of described video card carry out the multi-resolution models that parallel computation obtains 3D seismic data, specifically comprise following process:
205-1, each sub-block carried out to 3 D wavelet and decompose the level creating self correspondence with thicker resolution;
Particularly, before drawing, whole volume data is subdivided into multiple little sub-block.Each sub-block decomposes the level creating self with thicker resolution by 3 D wavelet.The one-dimensional data of 4 levels that has as shown in Figure 3 is expressed, and at each level, the size of one-dimensional data reduces with the speed of 1/2 times, and the data on identical layer time sub-block boundaries have to be included in multiple sub-block, to ensure the continuity of data interpolating.Wherein, raw data the 0th level represents, the interval width of kth layer data is 2 times of kth-1 layer data interval width, and the quantity of data only has original 1/2.
The data value of 205-2, amendment adjacent sub-blocks boundary, to keep the continuity of level transition;
It should be noted that, if the schichtenaufbau of volume data is described above, at same level adjacent block boundary, the distortion phenomenon that interpolation is brought would not produce, this is because the voxel of boundary share by adjacent sub-block.But this can not solve the distortion phenomenon of different levels adjacent block boundary.Therefore, in order to meet successional requirement, we devise the method for transition between different levels, the data value of amendment adjacent sub-blocks boundary.
Concrete method is, at adjacent sub-blocks boundary, the data value of low level is copied directly to last layer, or after the data value of low level is carried out interpolation, replaces the data value of last layer time boundary.The implementation procedure self-adaptation with the adjacent sub-blocks of 4 levels as shown in Figure 4, is denoted as the data value of black in level 0,1,2, be modified by copy or interpolation operation, to ensure the continuity between different levels adjacent sub-blocks.
205-3, by carrying out resampling with different resolution to same sub-block, opacity correction is carried out to sub-block;
When drawing sub-block under different levels, the opacity of sub-block is different.Existing rendering algorithm depends on samples along radiation direction to each pixel, but when multiresolution, volume data in a different manner with resolution by resampling, in order to preserve the optical property between different resolution block, need to raw data resampling, produce new sub-block, therefore transition function also will modify.
Be described carrying out resampling with different resolution to same sub-block by the example shown in Fig. 5, wherein, each sampled point B iwith color value c iwith opacity value α icorresponding, then color value A and A ' is:
A=α 0c 0+(1-α 01c 1+(1-α 0)(1-α 1)c 2(2)
A′=α 0′c 0+(1-α 0′)c' 2(3)
Here c 2by sampling B 0, B 1, the input color that B2 obtains, C ' 2by sampling B 0, the input color that B2 obtains.Calculate opacity D and D ' that all accumulations get up, obtain
D=α 0+(1-α 01+(1-α 0)(1-α 1)D 2(4)
D′=α 0′+(1-α 0′)D 2′(5)
Suppose that the opacity value piling up is equal with even sampling, it is represented as D 2=D 2' and D=D ', then
α 0+(1-α 01+(1-α 0)(1-α 1)D 2=α 0′+(1-α 0′)D 2′(6)
For α 0' separating this formula, we can obtain
α 0′=1-(1-α 0)(1-α 1)(7)
By hypothesis α 10+ ε (wherein, ε is a very little number), can obtain following equation:
α 0′=1-(1-α 0) 2+O(ε)(8)
Thus, we revise transition function and are:
α′=1-(1-α 0) 2(9)
205-4, the level corresponding to the multiresolution of sub-block carry out adaptively selected;
Particularly, before the expression of multi-resolution models is constructed, the size of each sub-block is determined, and adopts following standard to carry out the selection of level:
Maximum opaque value: the maximum opaque value in a sub-block determined by the voxel that value opaque in this sub-block is maximum.Its basic thought is exactly should carry out meticulous drafting to opaque large region.
And the distance between viewpoint: distance refers to the distance between the center of sub-block and viewpoint here.To from the sub-block close to viewpoint, they are even more important, and we should carry out meticulous drafting.For other sub-block, they are away from viewpoint, should draw with lower resolution.
View field: view field determined primarily of the border of sub-block, has the sub-block of larger view field to those, we should compare meticulous drafting.
Stare distance: this parameter, to very useful based on the drafting of staring, stares the distance that distance is the view field center of gaze area center and sub-block.To those with stare nearer region, center, we guarantee higher picture quality, and to those away from the region staring center, lower resolution is drawn.
205-6, by calculating the multi-resolution models of 3D seismic data;
Wherein, the multi-resolution models calculating 3D seismic data specifically uses following formula:
f ( x , y , z ) = Σ i , j , k ∈ Z ( A m d f ) i , j , k φ m , i , j , k ( x , y , z ) + Σ m = 1 J Σ n = 1 7 Σ i , j , k ∈ Z ( D m n f ) i , j , k ψ m , i , j , k n ( x , y , z )
In formula, integer J is the progression of wavelet multi_resolution analysis, coefficient that discrete under J class resolution ratio of volume data smoothly approaches, coefficient the discrete detail signal of volume data under J class resolution ratio.
206, the volume drawing equation based on wavelet field is created;
Particularly, the ultimate principle of volume drawing considers light intensity and the transparency of each voxel in volume data, directly merged by the intensity signal of all voxels and project in picture plane.In the present embodiment, setting t be represent direction of visual lines look vector, u, v are two orthogonal vectors in picture plane orthogonal with it, then the optical model of volume drawing can represent with the curvilinear integral along direction of visual lines t, specific as follows:
I t(u,v,d)=I backexp[-∫ t(0,d)τ(s)dt]+∫ t(0,d)I(s)exp[-∫ t(0,d)τ(s)dt]dt(10)
s=uu+vv+tt(11)
T ( t 1 , t 2 ) = exp [ - ∫ t ( t 1 , t 2 ) τ ( s ) d t ] - - - ( 12 )
α(t 1,t 2)=1-T(t 1,t 2)(13)
In formula (10)-(13), I tthe comprehensive light intensity projected in picture plane is merged in (u, v, d) expression along vector t direction, d is the orthogonal distance of picture plane and background, I backfor background light intensity, τ (s) is the absorption coefficient of light of s place voxel, and I (s) is the light intensity of s place voxel, T (t 1, t 2) on direction of visual lines t t1 to t2 place comprehensive transparency, α (t 1, t 2) be then corresponding opacity, symbol t (t 1, t 2) represent along the path of integration of vector t direction from t1 to t2.
The wavelet field multi-resolution representation formula of volume data f (x, y, z) is substituted into formula (10), the volume drawing equation of following wavelet field can be obtained:
I t ( u , v , d ) = Σ i , j , k ∈ z ( A m d f ) i , j , k ∫ t ( 0 , d ) φ m , i , j , k ( s ) × exp [ - ∫ t ( t , d ) τ ( s ) d t ] + Σ m = 1 J Σ n = 1 7 Σ i , j , k ∈ z ( D m n f ) i , j , k ∫ t ( 0 , d ) ψ m , i , j , k n ( s ) × exp [ - ∫ t ( t , d ) τ ( s ) d t ] d t - - - ( 15 )
207, transmit the discrete approximation signal under volume data J resolution, then by resolution (J, J-1 ..., 2,1) order transmit the detail signal of volume data step by step;
208, according to direction of visual lines vector, the precedence arrived according to multiresolution volume data, utilizes the volume drawing equation based on wavelet field to carry out by thick and smart 3 D rendering volume data.
Wherein, this step specifically comprises:
208-1, being orthogonal in the picture plane of looking vector, draw out the 3-D view of low resolution with the discrete approximation signal under J resolution;
208-2, with detail signal by resolution (J, J-1 ..., 2,1) progressively refined image, generate successively resolution (J, J-1 ..., 2,1) 3-D view (smoothly approaching).
Wherein, with detail signal by resolution (J, J-1 ..., 2,1) progressively refined image, realize especially by applying three-dimensional small echo Mallat reconstruction filter group.
Further, when changing direction of visual lines vector, repeated execution of steps 208.
The method of a kind of visual geological data that the present embodiment provides, by using in CPU, geological data is converted to volume data, and piecemeal is carried out to volume data, filtration obtains visible sub-block, transferring to GPU to carry out Image Rendering visible sub-block biography, the calculated amount of GPU can be greatly reducing, make the three-dimensional visualization also carrying out geological data on a common computer by common GPU, easy to use, and cost-saving.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 6, present embodiments provide a kind of system of visual geological data, this system comprises: central processing unit 3 and image processor 4;
Wherein, as shown in Figure 7, central processing unit 3 comprises:
Modular converter 301, for being undertaken being converted to volume data by 3D seismic data;
Decomposing module 302, for being decomposed into sub-block by volume data;
Filtering module 303, obtains visible sub-block for sub-block is carried out filtering;
As shown in Figure 8, graphic process unit 4, comprising:
Model computation module 401, for obtaining the multi-resolution models of 3D seismic data after visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition, wherein, multi-resolution models comprises discrete approximation signal and detail signal;
Transport module 402, for transmitting the discrete approximation signal under J class resolution ratio, then the order successively decreased according to resolution levels by J class resolution ratio transmits detail signal step by step, and wherein, J is integer;
Drafting module 403, for according to direction of visual lines vector, carries out 3 D rendering according to the order of discrete approximation signal and detail signal arrival.
Further, modular converter 301, specifically for the 3D seismic data obtained at multiple sampled point is converted to multiple voxel, and obtains volume data by multiple voxel combination;
Wherein, 3D seismic data, rgb color value and transparence information that sampled point corresponding to each voxel obtains at least is comprised in each voxel.
Further, decomposing module 302, specifically for the decomposition adopting the structure of Octree volume data to be carried out to 2 × 2 × 2, obtains 8 sub-blocks, and when meeting first and being pre-conditioned, continue to decompose the sub-block of decomposing in 8 sub-blocks obtaining to obtain less sub-block;
Wherein, first pre-conditionedly comprises:
The consistance of the voxel in sub-block is less than user-defined critical value, the size of sub-block is greater than the size being greater than user-defined minimum sub-block with the size of video memory, the size of sub-block.
Further, as shown in Figure 9, filtering module 303, comprising:
Creating unit 3031, for creating voxel count table;
Ratio computing unit 3032, for calculating the ratio of the visible voxel in all sub-blocks according to transparent transmission function;
Judging unit 3033, for judging to obtain visible sub-block by the ratio of the visible voxel in all sub-blocks;
Wherein, voxel count table is for adding up the quantity of the visible voxel after transparent transmission function category, and transparent transmission function obtains according to direction of visual lines vector.
Further, as shown in Figure 10, central processing unit 3, also comprises:
Memory module 304, for after visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition by model computation module 401, obtain 3D seismic data multiresolution module before, by visible sub block transmission in video memory.
Further, as shown in figure 11, model computation module 401, comprising:
3 D wavelet resolving cell 4011, the order of successively decreasing with resolution levels for carrying out 3 D wavelet decomposition to each visible sub-block creates level corresponding to visible sub-block;
Amendment unit 4012, for revising the data value at two adjacent visible sub-block boundaries places, with the continuity of the level transition keeping each resolution levels corresponding;
Correcting unit 4013, for carrying out opacity correction by carrying out resampling with the resolution of different stage to same visible sub-block to sub-block;
Selection unit 4014, carries out adaptively selected for the level corresponding to the multiresolution of visible sub-block;
Model computing unit 4015, for calculating the multi-resolution models of 3D seismic data;
Wherein, above-mentioned multi-resolution models comprises discrete approximation signal and detail signal.
Further, amendment unit 4012, specifically at adjacent two visible sub-block boundaries places, copies a upper high-level level to by the data value of current level, or after the data value of current level is carried out interpolation, replace the data value of a upper high-level level boundary.
Further, above-mentioned multi-resolution models is specially:
f ( x , y , z ) = Σ i , j , k ∈ Z ( A m d f ) i , j , k φ m , i , j , k ( x , y , z ) + Σ m = 1 J Σ n = 1 7 Σ i , j , k ∈ Z ( D m n f ) i , j , k ψ m , i , j , k n ( x , y , z )
Wherein, f (x, y, z) is volume data, and integer J is the progression of wavelet multi_resolution analysis, the discrete level and smooth approximation signal of volume data under J class resolution ratio, the discrete detail signal of volume data under J class resolution ratio.
Further, as shown in figure 12, drafting module 403, comprising:
First drawing unit 4031, for being orthogonal to the picture plane of direction of visual lines vector, draws out the 3-D view of default resolution with the discrete approximation signal under J resolution;
Second drawing unit 4032, for by J resolution according to the order details of use signal refinement 3-D view successively that resolution is successively decreased.
Further, as shown in figure 13, image processor 4, also comprises:
Redraw molding 404, after changing when direction of visual lines vector, according to the direction of visual lines vector after change, the order arrived according to discrete approximation signal and detail signal carries out 3 D rendering.
The system of a kind of visual geological data that the present embodiment provides, by using in CPU, geological data is converted to volume data, and piecemeal is carried out to volume data, filtration obtains visible sub-block, transferring to GPU to carry out Image Rendering visible sub-block biography, the calculated amount of GPU can be greatly reducing, make the three-dimensional visualization also carrying out geological data on a common computer by common GPU, easy to use, and cost-saving.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step realizing above-described embodiment can have been come by hardware, the hardware that also can carry out instruction relevant by program completes, described program can be stored in a kind of computer-readable recording medium, the above-mentioned storage medium mentioned can be ROM (read-only memory), disk or CD etc.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (18)

1. a method for visual geological data, is characterized in that, described method comprises:
By central processor CPU, 3D seismic data is carried out being converted to volume data, and described volume data is decomposed into sub-block;
Described sub-block is carried out filtering and is obtained visible sub-block by described CPU;
Graphic process unit GPU obtains the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data after described visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition, wherein, described multi-resolution models comprises discrete approximation signal and discrete detail signal;
Transmit the described discrete approximation signal under J class resolution ratio, then the order successively decreased according to resolution levels by J class resolution ratio transmits described discrete detail signal step by step, wherein, J is integer;
According to direction of visual lines vector, the order arrived according to described discrete approximation signal and discrete detail signal carries out 3 D rendering;
Described GPU obtains the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data after described visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition, comprising:
3 D wavelet decomposition is carried out to each described visible sub-block and creates level corresponding to described visible sub-block with the order that resolution levels successively decreases;
Revise the data value at two adjacent described visible sub-block boundaries places, with the continuity of the level transition keeping each resolution levels corresponding;
By carrying out resampling with the resolution of different stage to same described visible sub-block, opacity correction is carried out to described visible sub-block;
The level corresponding to the multiresolution of described visible sub-block carries out adaptively selected;
Calculate the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is describedly carried out being converted to volume data by 3D seismic data, comprising:
The 3D seismic data obtained at multiple sampled point is converted to multiple voxel, and described multiple voxel combination is obtained described volume data;
Wherein, 3D seismic data, rgb color value and transparence information that sampled point corresponding to described each voxel obtains at least is comprised in each voxel.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described volume data is decomposed into sub-block, comprises:
Adopt the structure of Octree described volume data to be carried out to the decomposition of 2 × 2 × 2, obtain 8 sub-blocks, and when meeting first and being pre-conditioned, the sub-block continued in described 8 sub-blocks obtained decomposition is decomposed and is obtained less sub-block;
Wherein, described first pre-conditionedly comprises:
The size that the consistance of the voxel in described sub-block is less than user-defined critical value, the size of described sub-block is greater than the size of the video memory corresponding with described GPU, the size of described sub-block is greater than described user-defined minimum sub-block.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, describedly described sub-block is carried out filtering obtains visible sub-block, comprising:
Create voxel count table;
The ratio of the visible voxel in all sub-blocks is calculated according to transparent transmission function;
Judge to obtain described visible sub-block by the ratio of the visible voxel in described all sub-blocks;
Wherein, described voxel count table is for adding up the quantity of the visible voxel after described transparent transmission function category, and described transparent transmission function obtains according to described direction of visual lines vector.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, before described GPU obtains the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data after described visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition, described method also comprises:
By described visible sub block transmission in video memory corresponding to described GPU.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the data value at two described visible sub-block boundaries places that described amendment is adjacent, to keep the continuity of level transition, comprising:
At adjacent two described visible sub-block boundaries places, the data value of current level is copied to a upper high-level level, or after the data value of current level is carried out interpolation, replace the data value of a upper high-level level boundary.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described multi-resolution models is specially:
f ( x , y , z ) = Σ i , j , k ∈ Z ( A m d f ) i , j , k φ m , i , j , k ( x , y , z ) + Σ m = 1 J Σ n = 1 7 Σ i , j , k ∈ Z ( D m n f ) i , j , k ψ m , i , j , k n ( x , y , z )
Wherein, f (x, y, z) is described volume data, and integer J is the progression of wavelet multi_resolution analysis, the discrete approximation signal of described volume data under J class resolution ratio, the discrete detail signal of described volume data under J class resolution ratio, φ m, i, j, k(x, y, z) is the 3 D wavelet orthogonal basis of described discrete approximation signal, be the 3 D wavelet orthogonal basis of described discrete detail signal, Z represents integer.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described according to direction of visual lines vector, and the order arrived according to described discrete approximation signal and discrete detail signal carries out 3 D rendering, comprising:
In the picture plane being orthogonal to described direction of visual lines vector, draw out the 3-D view of default resolution with the discrete approximation signal under described J resolution;
The order successively decreased according to resolution by J resolution again uses discrete detail signal 3-D view described in refinement successively.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, after described direction of visual lines vector changes, described method also comprises:
According to the direction of visual lines vector after described change, the order arrived according to described discrete approximation signal and discrete detail signal carries out 3 D rendering.
10. a system for visual geological data, is characterized in that, described system comprises: central processing unit and graphic process unit GPU;
Wherein, described central processing unit comprises:
Modular converter, for being undertaken being converted to volume data by 3D seismic data;
Decomposing module, for being decomposed into sub-block by described volume data;
Filtering module, obtains visible sub-block for described sub-block is carried out filtering;
Described GPU, comprising:
Model computation module, for obtaining the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data after described visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition, wherein, described multi-resolution models comprises discrete approximation signal and discrete detail signal;
Transport module, for transmitting the described discrete approximation signal under J class resolution ratio, then the order successively decreased according to resolution levels by J class resolution ratio transmits described discrete detail signal step by step, and wherein, J is integer;
Drafting module, for according to direction of visual lines vector, carries out 3 D rendering according to the order of described discrete approximation signal and the arrival of discrete detail signal;
Wherein, described model computation module, comprising:
3 D wavelet resolving cell, creates level corresponding to described visible sub-block for carrying out 3 D wavelet decomposition to each described visible sub-block with the order that resolution levels successively decreases;
Amendment unit, for revising the data value at two adjacent described visible sub-block boundaries places, with the continuity of the level transition keeping each resolution levels corresponding;
Correcting unit, for carrying out opacity correction by carrying out resampling with the resolution of different stage to same described visible sub-block to visible sub-block;
Selection unit, carries out adaptively selected for the level corresponding to the multiresolution of described visible sub-block;
Model computing unit, for calculating the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data.
11. systems according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described modular converter, specifically for the 3D seismic data obtained at multiple sampled point is converted to multiple voxel, and described multiple voxel combination are obtained described volume data;
Wherein, 3D seismic data, rgb color value and transparence information that sampled point corresponding to described each voxel obtains at least is comprised in each voxel.
12. systems according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, described decomposing module, specifically for the decomposition adopting the structure of Octree described volume data to be carried out to 2 × 2 × 2, obtain 8 sub-blocks, and when meeting first and being pre-conditioned, continue to decompose the sub-block of decomposing in described 8 sub-blocks of obtaining to obtain less sub-block;
Wherein, described first pre-conditionedly comprises:
The size that the consistance of the voxel in described sub-block is less than user-defined critical value, the size of described sub-block is greater than the size of the video memory corresponding with described GPU, the size of described sub-block is greater than described user-defined minimum sub-block.
13. systems according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described filtering module, comprising:
Creating unit, for creating voxel count table;
Ratio computing unit, for calculating the ratio of the visible voxel in all sub-blocks according to transparent transmission function;
Judging unit, for judging to obtain described visible sub-block by the ratio of the visible voxel in described all sub-blocks;
Wherein, described voxel count table is for adding up the quantity of the visible voxel after described transparent transmission function category, and described transparent transmission function obtains according to described direction of visual lines vector.
14. systems according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described central processing unit, also comprises:
Memory module, for obtain the multi-resolution models of described 3D seismic data after described visible sub-block is carried out twice decomposition by described model computation module before, by described visible sub block transmission in video memory.
15. systems according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, described amendment unit, specifically at adjacent two described visible sub-block boundaries places, the data value of current level is copied to a upper high-level level, or after the data value of current level is carried out interpolation, replace the data value of a upper high-level level boundary.
16. systems according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described multi-resolution models is specially:
f ( x , y , z ) = Σ i , j , k ∈ Z ( A m d f ) i , j , k φ m , i , j , k ( x , y , z ) + Σ m = 1 J Σ n = 1 7 Σ i , j , k ∈ Z ( D m n f ) i , j , k ψ m , i , j , k n ( x , y , z )
Wherein, f (x, y, z) is described volume data, and integer J is the progression of wavelet multi_resolution analysis, the discrete approximation signal of described volume data under J class resolution ratio, the discrete detail signal of described volume data under J class resolution ratio, φ m, i, j, k(x, y, z) is the 3 D wavelet orthogonal basis of described discrete approximation signal, be the 3 D wavelet orthogonal basis of described discrete detail signal, Z represents integer.
17. systems according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described drafting module, comprising:
First drawing unit, in the picture plane being orthogonal to described direction of visual lines vector, draws out the 3-D view of default resolution with the discrete approximation signal under described J resolution;
Second drawing unit, the order for successively decreasing according to resolution by J resolution uses discrete detail signal 3-D view described in refinement successively.
18. systems according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described GPU, also comprises:
Heavy drafting module, after changing when described direction of visual lines vector, according to the direction of visual lines vector after described change, the order arrived according to described discrete approximation signal and discrete detail signal carries out 3 D rendering.
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