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CN103307258A - 销限位器 - Google Patents

销限位器 Download PDF

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CN103307258A
CN103307258A CN2013101562209A CN201310156220A CN103307258A CN 103307258 A CN103307258 A CN 103307258A CN 2013101562209 A CN2013101562209 A CN 2013101562209A CN 201310156220 A CN201310156220 A CN 201310156220A CN 103307258 A CN103307258 A CN 103307258A
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planetary pinion
pinion pin
bearing means
pin
planetary
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R·史密斯
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Romax Technology Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0469—Bearings or seals
    • F16H57/0471—Bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/50—Maintenance or repair
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C25/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for wear or play
    • F16C25/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • F16C35/063—Fixing them on the shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C39/00—Relieving load on bearings
    • F16C39/04—Relieving load on bearings using hydraulic or pneumatic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/2863—Arrangements for adjusting or for taking-up backlash
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
    • F16H57/082—Planet carriers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/12—Arrangements for adjusting or for taking-up backlash not provided for elsewhere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/50—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
    • F16C19/386—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/61—Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
    • F16H57/022—Adjustment of gear shafts or bearings
    • F16H2057/0221—Axial adjustment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
    • F16H2057/085—Bearings for orbital gears
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于行星齿轮箱的齿轮结构(110)包括行星齿轮架(102)、行星齿轮销(104)、行星齿轮(108)、位于行星齿轮销(104)和行星齿轮(108)之间的轴承装置(106)、通过一个或多个螺栓(114)固定到行星齿轮架(102)的限位器(110)以及位于限位器(110)和行星齿轮销(104)之间的一个或多个垫片(112)，所述轴承装置(106)包括轴承环(306)。行星齿轮销(104)是空心的，并且和轴承环(306)的内侧表面以及入口流体连通。这意味着被驱使经过入口和空心行星齿轮销(104)的流体给轴承环(306)施加径向力，减少了轴承环(306)和行星齿轮销(104)之间的接触摩擦，并且允许行星齿轮销(104)的轴向位置被调整从而给轴承装置(106)提供正确的预加载。这意味着所述轴承能被预设置，在原位置使用液压致动器和油喷。

Description

销限位器
发明内容
根据本发明的第一实施方式，一种用于行星齿轮箱的齿轮结构包括行星齿轮架、行星齿轮销、行星齿轮、位于行星齿轮销和行星齿轮之间的轴承装置、通过一个或多个螺栓固定到行星齿轮架的限位器以及位于限位器和行星齿轮销之间的一个或多个垫片，所述轴承装置包括轴承环。行星齿轮销是空心的，并且和轴承环的内侧表面以及入口流体连通。这意味着被驱使经过入口和空心行星齿轮销的流体给轴承环施加径向力，减少了轴承环和行星齿轮销之间的接触摩擦，并且允许行星齿轮销的轴向位置被调整从而给轴承装置提供正确的预加载。这意味着所述轴承能被预设置，在原位置使用液压致动器和油喷。
优选地，当轴承装置经过使用被磨损时，行星齿轮销的轴向位置可以被重新调整，从而给轴承装置提供正确的预加载。
优选地，选择一个或多个隔离件的数量和厚度，用于锁定具有正确预加载的轴承装置的轴向位置。
根据另一个方面，本发明包括一种具有在前面段落中描述的齿轮结构的齿轮箱，该齿轮箱还包括具有检查盖的前壳体。检查盖的位置被构造为能移开，从而允许接近限位器。这意味着被驱使经过入口和空心行星齿轮销的流体给轴承环施加径向力，减少了轴承环和行星齿轮销之间的接触摩擦，并且允许行星齿轮销的轴向位置被重新调整从而给轴承装置提供正确的预加载。
优选地，选择一个或多个隔离件的数量和厚度，用于锁定具有正确预加载的轴承装置的轴向位置。
根据另一个方面，本发明包括一种调整行星齿轮箱的齿轮结构的轴承布置的预加载的方法，所述齿轮结构包括行星齿轮架、行星齿轮销、行星齿轮、位于行星齿轮销和行星齿轮之间的轴承装置、通过一个或多个螺栓固定到行星齿轮架的限位器以及位于限位器和行星齿轮销之间的一个或多个垫片，所述轴承装置包括轴承环；其中所述行星齿轮销是空心的，并且和轴承环的内侧表面以及入口流体连通；所述方法包括以下步骤：移走所述螺栓和一个或多个垫片；将液压致动器连接到入口；驱使流体通过入口和空心行星齿轮销，给轴承环施加径向力，减少轴承环和行星齿轮销之间的接触摩擦；调整行星齿轮销的轴向位置从而给轴承装置提供正确的预加载；以及固定所述螺栓和所述一个或多个垫片。
优选地，当轴承装置经过使用被磨损时，调整行星齿轮销的轴向位置的步骤包括重新调整轴向位置，从而给轴承装置提供正确的预加载。
优选地，该方法包括以下步骤：选择一个或多个隔离件的数量和厚度，用于锁定具有正确预加载的轴承装置的轴向位置。
附图说明
现在将参考附图1-4描述本发明。
图1示出了齿轮结构的示意图；
图2示出了齿轮结构的横截面视图；
图3示出了齿轮箱的示意图；
图4示出了离岸风力涡轮机的外视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了行星齿轮结构100，其具有行星齿轮架102、行星齿轮销104、轴承装置106和行星齿轮108。行星齿轮结构100是常规设计；行星齿轮销104被安装在行星齿轮架102上并具有轴承装置106，该轴承装置支撑行星齿轮108。
行星齿轮销104通过限位器装置110被固定就位，该限位器装置与行星齿轮销104相关并附接到行星齿轮架102。例如，限位器装置110可以通过限位器装置110和行星齿轮销104上的螺纹布置与行星齿轮销104相关；限位销可以通过螺栓114固定在行星齿轮架102上。行星齿轮销104相对于行星齿轮架102和轴承装置106的轴向位置由位于限位器装置110和行星齿轮架102之间的隔离件装置112确定。
行星齿轮销104的轴向位置对轴承装置106预加载，正确的预加载由隔离件装置112的轴向厚度确定。隔离件装置112通常是一个或多个垫片，其被定位在限位器装置110和行星齿轮架之间，用于保证轴承装置106的正确预加载。
隔离件装置112预先选择成具有能够对轴承装置106正确地预加载的轴向长度。
在行星齿轮销的初始安装期间，利用常规的低温装配。
现在参见图2，行星齿轮销104是空心的并且通过管道302与轴承环306的内侧表面流体连通。一个或多个垫片112设置在限位帽110和行星齿轮销104之间，并通过螺栓114夹在限位帽110和行星齿轮销104之间。垫片112的数量可以增加或减少以通过机械手段调整轴承环的位置。通过该方式，存在的垫片112的数量能够用于通过调整限位帽110和行星齿轮销104之间的间隙来调整预加载。
为了最终装配，液压致动器，带有油喷配件和油喷的空心螺栓304被用于调整行星齿轮销104的位置，从而调整轴承106的位置。当流体被泵送到入口304中时，流体沿着轴承环306和行星齿轮销104之间的环形沟槽被驱动，并对轴承环306施加径向力，因此减少了轴承环306和行星齿轮销104之间的接触摩擦。这能用于调整轴承环306的位置，所以只需要少量力来轴向运动轴承环306。
行星齿轮108能够在这种操作期间转动，以保证正确的预加载，在该阶段预加载由液压压力确定。一旦行星齿轮销104和轴承装置106就位，则油喷被移走，液压压力被释放，紧固垫圈110和螺栓114被装配。垫片112这里用在行星齿轮销104的端部和紧固垫圈110之间。
现在参见图3，示出了具有行星齿轮结构100和壳体202的部分齿轮箱200。壳体202具有前表面204，在大致圆形的前表面204的一段中径向地布置有孔206。孔206被布置为与限位器装置110对准。当轴承装置106磨损时，由行星齿轮销104施加的预加载变得不正确。限位器装置110与行星齿轮架102断开连接，并从行星齿轮销104上移走，使得隔离件装置112也同样移走。行星齿轮销104的轴向位置可以被重新调整，从而给轴承装置106提供正确的预加载，可以安装具有合适轴向尺寸的替换隔离件装置112，并且限位器装置可以重新附接到行星齿轮架102。然后可以将检查盖(未示出)放置在孔206上。
为了在工作期间维护轴承106的重新定位和调整，在前壳体202中的检查盖被移走，使行星齿轮架102转动直到对准该行星齿轮架。装配液压致动器，带有油喷配件和油喷的空心螺栓被用于调整行星齿轮销104的位置，从而调整轴承106的位置。再次由液压压力确定预加载。该设备可以暂时移走，从而转动行星齿轮架103以及因此转动轴承106。一旦行星齿轮销104和轴承106就位，则油喷被移走，液压压力被释放，紧固垫圈110和螺栓114被装配。垫片112这里用在行星齿轮销104的端部和紧固垫圈110之间。
本发明的优点包括：
可以利用钻孔的行星齿轮销等为轴承提供润滑；
最小的零件数量；
任何零件都不用特定的加工；
轴承能被预设置，在原位置使用液压致动器和油喷；
提供正确设计的前盖接近孔，液压致动器和油喷能够装配在涡轮机内，并且轴承在其寿命内可以重新定位；
既能够在首次组装时设置间隙，又能够在运行期间进行调整。
图4是风力涡轮机的一个示例的透视图。虽然所示的是离岸风力涡轮机，但应当明白以下描述可以适用于其他类型的风力涡轮机。风力涡轮机402包括安装到毂406的转子叶片404，该毂由塔架410上的机舱408支撑。风引起转子叶片404和毂106绕主轴线转动。这个转动能量被传递到容置在机舱408内的齿轮箱。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于行星齿轮箱的齿轮结构，所述齿轮结构包括：行星齿轮架、行星齿轮销、行星齿轮、位于行星齿轮销和行星齿轮之间的轴承装置、通过一个或多个螺栓固定到行星齿轮架的限位器以及位于所述限位器和行星齿轮销之间的一个或多个垫片，所述轴承装置包括轴承环；
所述行星齿轮销是空心的，并且和所述轴承环的内侧表面以及入口流体连通；
其中被驱使经过入口和空心行星齿轮销的流体给所述轴承环施加径向力，以减少轴承环和行星齿轮销之间的接触摩擦，并且允许行星齿轮销的轴向位置被调整从而给轴承装置提供正确的预加载。
2.根据权利要求1所述的齿轮结构，其中所述轴承装置经过使用被磨损，行星齿轮销的轴向位置被重新调整，从而给轴承装置提供正确的预加载。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的齿轮结构，其中选择一个或多个隔离件的数量和厚度，用于锁定具有正确预加载的轴承装置的轴向位置。
4.一种包括根据前述任一项权利要求所述的齿轮结构的风力涡轮机。
5.一种包括根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的齿轮结构的齿轮箱，
所述齿轮箱还包括：
具有检查盖的前壳体；
所述检查盖的位置能够移开，从而允许接近到限位器；
其中被驱使经过入口和空心行星齿轮销的流体给轴承环施加径向力，以减少轴承环和行星齿轮销之间的接触摩擦，并且允许行星齿轮销的轴向位置被重新调整从而给轴承装置提供正确的预加载。
6.根据权利要求5所述的齿轮箱，其中选择一个或多个隔离件的数量和厚度，用于锁定具有正确预加载的轴承装置的轴向位置。
7.一种包括根据权利要求5或6所述的齿轮结构的风力涡轮机。
8.一种基本上如本文中参考附图所述那样的齿轮结构。
9.一种基本上如本文中参考附图所述那样的齿轮箱。
10.一种基本上如本文中参考附图所述那样的风力涡轮机。
11.一种调整行星齿轮箱的齿轮结构的轴承布置的预加载的方法，所述齿轮结构包括行星齿轮架、行星齿轮销、行星齿轮、位于行星齿轮销和行星齿轮之间的轴承装置、通过一个或多个螺栓固定到行星齿轮架的限位器以及位于所述限位器和行星齿轮销之间的一个或多个垫片，所述轴承装置包括轴承环；其中所述行星齿轮销是空心的，并且和所述轴承环的内侧表面以及入口流体连通；所述方法包括以下步骤：
移走所述螺栓以及一个或多个垫片；
将液压致动器连接到入口；
驱使流体通过入口和空心行星齿轮销，并给轴承环施加径向力，减少轴承环和行星齿轮销之间的接触摩擦；
调整行星齿轮销的轴向位置从而给轴承装置提供正确的预加载；以及
固定所述螺栓和所述一个或多个垫片。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述轴承装置经过使用被磨损，并且其中调整行星齿轮销的轴向位置的步骤包括重新调整轴向位置，从而给轴承装置提供正确的预加载。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的方法，包括以下步骤：选择一个或多个隔离件的数量和厚度，用于锁定具有正确预加载的轴承装置的轴向位置。
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