CN103278154A - Fire disaster escaping navigation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire disaster escaping navigation system. According to current methods, the crowds can be evacuated, individuals can not be considered sufficiently, and unavoidable injury when a fire disaster happens can cause easily. A positioning infrastructure in the system comprises a plurality of positioning navigation units, wherein the positioning navigation units are distributed in passages and corners through which people can pass; a navigation and protection terminal consists of a positioning and navigation module and a protection module, and the positioning and navigation module comprises a voice module, a radio-frequency module, an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) and an RSS (real simple syndication) reading unit; the protection module comprises a safety helmet, an anti-poison respirator and goggles, the safety helmet can be used for preventing people from being injured by a falling object, and the anti-poison respirator and the goggles can be used for preventing people from being hurt by smoke. The terminal provided by the system can be used for protecting people from injury of smoke and falling objects to a certain degree, and provides dynamic positioning service, so that people can still find the safety exit and escape successfully under the condition that people are not familiar with the topography.

Description

fire escape navigation system

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of computer applications, and in particular relates to an RFID-based fire escape navigation system. the

Background technique

At present, the most widely used in fire escape is to set up safety exits, safety passages, and set up related signs. When a fire broke out, this method did play a role in helping people escape, but the current method still has its shortcomings:

(1) The current method requires personnel to be familiar with the indoor environment and the specific location of the safety exit, which is very unfavorable for a person who is not familiar with the environment, and they are very likely to miss the chance of escape because they cannot find the safety exit .

(2) The current method is mainly aimed at the evacuation of crowds, and lacks consideration for individuals, which is likely to cause avoidable casualties in the event of a fire. For example, the current measures do not take into account the protection of dense smoke, toxic and harmful gases, and the protection of falling objects.

Contents of the invention

In order to make up for the deficiencies of the current fire escape methods, the present invention designs a fire escape navigation system based on RFID. The system arranges positioning facilities indoors and provides a terminal integrated with positioning modules and protection modules, so that people can be safe in the event of a fire. Get the navigation information for escape and your own protection.

The invention includes positioning infrastructure, navigation and protection terminals.

The positioning infrastructure is composed of multiple positioning and navigation units. The positioning and navigation units are distributed in passages and corners that people must pass through. Each positioning and navigation unit has eight passive RFIDs.

Described navigation, protection terminal are made up of positioning, navigation module and protection module, and positioning, navigation module comprise voice module, radio frequency module, MCU, RSS reading unit; Positioning, navigation module are responsible for sending radio frequency signal to activate RFID, pass RSS again The reading unit obtains the RSS value of each tag, obtains the position, speed and direction of the person after processing by the MCU, and tells the person the position of the person and the location of the safety exit through the voice module; the protection module includes a safety helmet, a gas mask, a protective Eyepieces, safety helmets are used to protect personnel from being injured by falling objects, and protective masks and goggles are used to protect personnel from smog; the RFID array positioning algorithm is loaded in the MCU, which utilizes the RFID return signal The principle that the RSS value decreases as the distance increases realizes positioning.

Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:

(1) The terminal provided can protect personnel from smoke and falling objects to a certain extent;

(2) The terminal provides dynamic positioning services, enabling personnel to find safe exits and escape smoothly even when they are not familiar with the terrain;

(3) The price of RFID is low, and the system adopts RFID positioning technology, which has a price advantage in the laying of infrastructure;

(4) RFID arrays are used for positioning. If one or several tags in an array are damaged, it will not cause a great impact, and the reliability of the system is high.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows the layout of the RFID array;

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a terminal;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the terminal;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a positioning algorithm;

Figure 5 is an example of the layout of the system.

Detailed ways

The layout and operation of the system will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows the layout of the RFID array. The length and width of an array are both 2m, and there are 8 passive RFIDs. There is a tag on each of the four corners of the array, and there are 4 tags in the center. These four tags are about The center is symmetrical, and the distance between them is 1m.

FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a terminal. As shown in the figure, the terminal includes two parts: a positioning module, a navigation module and a protection module. The positioning and navigation module is further divided into a voice module, a radio frequency module, an MCU, and an RSS reading unit. The radio frequency module is responsible for sending radio frequency signals to activate the RFID. The RSS reading unit is responsible for obtaining the RSS data of the tag and sending it to the MCU. After processing the data, the MCU obtains positioning and navigation information, and provides navigation services for personnel through the voice module. The protection module includes three parts: safety helmet, gas mask and goggles. Safety helmets are used to protect people from falling objects, and protective masks and goggles are used to protect people from smoke.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the terminal, the main body is a safety helmet, 1 of which is the radio frequency module and the RSS sensing unit; 2 is the MCU, and 3 is the voice module, which are connected by lines; 4 and 5 are the goggles and Protective masks.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a positioning algorithm. Specifically, the RFID array positioning algorithm is: the algorithm utilizes the principle that the RSS value of the RFID return signal decreases as the distance increases to achieve positioning. When the radio frequency signal of the navigation module covers the tags in the RFID array, these tags are activated and emit a corresponding radio frequency signal. At this time, the RSS reading unit obtains the RSS value of the received tag signal. According to the previously calibrated relationship between the RSS value and the distance, draw a circle with each tag as the center and the distance from the tag to the terminal as the radius, so that every two circles have two intersection points. When the RSS unit is reading for the first time When the tag is reached, the point farther from the center of the array is selected as the possible position, and the selected point after that is determined according to the number of tags received in the RSS. For example, when the received tag is relatively Select a point that is farther from the center of the array when it is rare, otherwise select a point that is closer to the center of the array, and then average the coordinates of all possible positions, which is the position of the current terminal. After that, the RSS value is measured every 0.5 seconds, the location information of the terminal is obtained, and the trajectory of the terminal is drawn, so as to obtain the direction and speed of the movement.

The small rectangle in the figure indicates the position of the terminal, the circle with it as the center is the radio frequency coverage, and the left side is the RFID array. You can see that there are two tags within the radio frequency coverage, so these two tags send out radio frequency Signal, determine the tag distance according to the RSS value received by the terminal. The two smaller circles in the figure are circles drawn by the distance represented by the RSS value returned by the tag. The two circles have two intersection points. According to the above description Algorithm, take the intersection point on the right as the possible location point.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a system layout, which represents an indoor space, the large shaded part represents the room, the small shaded part (ie A-E) represents the RFID array, the blank part represents the aisle, the dot is the current location, and the arrow For safe exit.

In the infrastructure of the system, that is, the layout of the RFID array needs to be arranged at each intersection, that is, the place where people must pass, as shown in the figure. When a fire breaks out, the personnel at the current location need to wear our helmet, that is, the navigation and protection terminal, and turn on the power switch of the terminal to make it work, so as to provide navigation services for personnel and protect personnel safety. When people escape, A is the place they must pass. When they approach A, the RFID array at A starts to work and emits a corresponding radio frequency signal. At this time, the RSS reading unit in the terminal obtains the RSS data and sends it to MCU, the MCU processes it through the positioning algorithm to obtain the position, trajectory and speed of the person, and then matches the obtained position information with the existing map in the terminal to obtain the specific information of the current position of the person and the corresponding The location and path of the safety exit to help people escape safely.

Claims (4)

1. the fire disaster escaping navigational system is characterized in that: comprise location infrastructure and navigation, protection terminal;

Described location infrastructure is made up of a plurality of location navigations unit, the location navigation cell distribution the people must through passage and corner, eight passive RFIDs are arranged in each location navigation unit;

Described navigation, protection terminal are made up of location, navigation module and protection module, and location, navigation module comprise voice module, radio-frequency module, MCU, RSS reading unit; Location, navigation module are responsible for sending radiofrequency signal to activate RFID, obtain the RSS value of each label again by the RSS reading unit, by the position that MCU handles back acquisition personnel, gait of march and direction, and tell personnel with personnel's position and the position of fire exit by voice module; Protection module comprises crash helmet, anti-poison respirator, safety goggles, and crash helmet is not injured by a crashing object by falling object in order to the protection personnel, and protective mask and safety goggles then are used for making personnel to avoid the injury of smog;

Be loaded with RFID array location algorithm in the described MCU, this algorithm utilizes the RSS value of RFID return signal to increase the principle that descends with distance and realizes the location.

2. fire disaster escaping navigational system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: four passive RFIDs in the location navigation unit are formed a large rectangle, and other four passive RFIDs are formed a little rectangle, and described large rectangle is similar to little rectangle, and the center overlaps, and constitutes the RFID array.

3. fire disaster escaping navigational system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described RFID array location algorithm specifically: when the radiofrequency signal of location, navigation module covers label in the RFID array, label is activated, and launch corresponding radiofrequency signal, this moment, the RSS reading unit obtained the RSS value of the label signal received; According to the RSS value of demarcating before and the corresponding relation of distance, be the center of circle with each label, label is to navigation, the distance of protection terminal is that radius is drawn circle, per like this two circles have two intersection points, when the RSS reading unit reads this label for the first time, then selected distance RFID array center point far away is as possible position, reconnaissance after this then according to the number of tags of the RSS that receives how much to decide that point be possible position, a RSS value was measured at every interval in 0.5 second afterwards, obtain location information of terminals, and draw the movement locus of terminal, thereby the travel direction of drawing and speed.

4. fire disaster escaping navigational system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the concrete of possible position determines that method is: when the label of receiving is chosen the point away from from array center more after a little while, otherwise the nearer point of array center in choosing, afterwards the coordinate of all possible positions is averaged, be the position of current navigation, protection terminal.

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