A kind of sea water desalinating plant
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of sea water desalting technology, particularly relate to a kind of sea water desalinating plant.
Background technology
Fresh water is the indispensable base substance that the mankind depend on for existence and produce.The water total reserves in the whole world is 13.88 hundred million km
3, seawater amount account for wherein more than 97%, and because seawater saltness is higher, thus the mankind directly can not drink it, and the total amount of remaining fresh water amount accounts for 2.53% of total moisture storage capacity on the earth.Moreover, even if in the fresh water of this small proportion like this, its distribution is extremely unbalanced again, wherein the fresh water of 98.8% is frozen among the polar region, north and south two of the earth and the glacier of severe cold areas, and is present in 0.36% of fresh water total amount on the not enough earth of fresh water that river, lake and underground water etc. directly can utilize for the mankind.China's seashore line length, all there is serious shortage of fresh water problem in a lot of island, coastal and inland brackish water area.Therefore, develop desalination technology, to the current shortage of fresh water of alleviation, imbalance between supply and demand distinct issues, there is far-reaching strategic importance.
Sea water desaltination is exactly be separated with moisture by the salinity in seawater (or brackish water), finally obtains the process of fresh water and concentrated salt solution.Seawater (or brackish water) is desalinated the most frequently used method and is mainly contained multistage flash vaporization, multiple-effect distillation, reverse osmosis method, extraction process and electroosmose process.
Multistage flash evaporation (MSF) technology introduces flashing chamber after raw material seawater is heated to certain temperature, because the pressure in flashing chamber is lower than the corresponding at such a temperature saturated vapour pressure of raw material seawater, thus raw material seawater became hot solution after entering flashing chamber, part is crossed hot sea water and is evaporated rapidly, the temperature of raw material seawater self reduces, and the vapor condensation produced discharges the circulating seawer that latent heat comes in preheating prolong at the corresponding levels.
Multi-effect distilling (MED) is occurred outward by the heat transfer tube of seawater equably in the first single-effect evaporator being heated to working temperature to spray falling liquid film, then in heat transfer tube, a certain amount of heat source stream is passed into, the heat of condensation of releasing is utilized to make the seawater outside pipe produce secondary steam by thermal evaporation, secondary steam is as the heat source stream of lower 1st effective evaporator, all there is similar process in later each single-effect evaporator, thus obtain the fresh water amount being multiple times than steam input, apparatus structure more complicated and huge.
Reverse osmosis method utilizes reverse osmosis membrane seawater and fresh water to be separated, and applies enough large pressure (exceeding penetration of sea water pressure), by the water molecules reverse osmosis in seawater to dilute side in seawater side.This method does not consume heat energy, but need consume the enough large external pressure of a large amount of electric power generation, and device volume is huger.
Electroosmose process is power with potential difference, utilize the selectivity of ion-exchange membrane through and remove the desalination process of water intermediate ion.Electroosmose process is not used in brackish water desalination, mainly for the production of high purity water.
Cold method is by seawater freezing to below freezing, and fresh water freezes, be separated, melt process for fresh water again.Cold method due to refrigeration temperature low, energy consuming ratio is larger.
Publication number is that the Chinese patent of CN201190113 discloses a kind of sea water desalinating plant, comprise sea water tank, condensing chamber and fresh-water tank, described sea water tank is adjacent with condensing chamber, and the top of sea water tank communicates with condensing chamber, and fresh-water tank is positioned at condensing chamber bottom and is interconnected.Wherein, be provided with semiconductor chilling plate between described sea water tank and condensing chamber, the refrigeration end of this semiconductor chilling plate is arranged in condensing chamber, and the end that heats of semiconductor chilling plate is arranged in sea water tank.This apparatus structure is simple, and under equal power input, comparable simple electrically heated exports more heat.But this device only carries out fresh water condensation by the refrigeration end of semiconductor chilling plate, what its refrigerating duty was not sufficient to balanced system hot junction always adds heat, and the constant temperature of whole device inside finally can be caused to heat up, and damages semiconductor chilling plate.Therefore, this device for using manpower to carry out short period of time and a small amount of sea water desaltination under extreme case, can not realize the function providing fresh water continuously only.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of sea water desalinating plant, volume is little, quality is light, and the fresh water that can meet lack of water island or average family is without interruption.
A kind of sea water desalinating plant, comprise seawater storage, evaporative condenser room and fresh water storage, seawater storage is connected by seawater pipe with evaporative condenser room, and evaporative condenser room is connected by fresh water pipe with fresh water storage;
Described evaporative condenser indoor are provided with semiconductor chilling plate, and described semiconductor chilling plate provides energy by power supply device;
Described seawater storage is provided with normal pressure and keeps mouth.
Described evaporative condenser chamber interior is provided with evaporator tank, is dense water spatial accommodation below evaporator tank, with the overflow ducts leading to dense water spatial accommodation between evaporator tank and evaporative condenser chamber interior walls;
Be provided with described semiconductor chilling plate in evaporator tank, the sidewall of evaporator tank be provided with the water-in with extra large cross current.
The sidewall of evaporative condenser room can also directly as the sidewall of evaporator tank, raw material seawater rests in evaporator tank after water-in is come in, or by the seawater originally rested in evaporator tank, after evaporation process (dense water) toward pushing away away from water-in direction, to make dense water flow to dense water spatial accommodation by overflow ducts, thus the seawater in evaporator tank is made to maintain low concentration.
At least one section of described seawater pipe for stretching into the heat exchanging segment of described dense water spatial accommodation.Its for by from seawater storage raw material seawater out by carrying out heat exchange with the dense water of evaporative condenser indoor, realize preheating of raw material seawater, save and heat is added to it.
Described heat exchanging segment is coil pipe, and it is coiled in the dense water spatial accommodation of described evaporative condenser indoor, and described coil pipe is copper product, and bore is about 6-20mm.
The top of described evaporative condenser room is cone, and the inwall of cone is condensate water guide face.After the water vapour be evaporated in evaporator tank encounters condensate water guide face, can along under the wall flow of cone.The top exterior walls of described evaporative condenser room, namely cone outer wall is provided with outer wall radiating fin.This outer wall radiating fin carries out heat exchange for the raw material seawater in the water vapour at top, evaporative condenser room and seawater storage, accelerates water vapour in the condensation of cone inwall.
In addition, as preferably, the inwall pasting described evaporative condenser room is wound with spiral water of condensation holding groove, and this water of condensation holding groove is in the top of evaporator tank;
One end of fresh water pipe is docked with the condensation-water drain of water of condensation holding groove, and the other end of fresh water pipe is connected with fresh water storage.
More than 1cm above the groove face that the condensation-water drain of described water of condensation holding groove is in evaporator tank, is splashed into fresh water pipe when preventing dense water from overflowing from evaporator tank.
The face that heats of described semiconductor chilling plate and chill surface are correspondingly provided with hot side radiating fin and huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) fin.Hot side radiating fin is for the raw material seawater in heating evaporation groove, and huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) fin is for cooling ascension above semiconductor chilling plate by the water vapour evaporated.
Described normal pressure maintenance mouth is the opening for feed of described seawater storage, and this normal pressure keeps mouth can provide seawater for seawater storage, and the pressure in seawater storage can also be kept to be always normal atmosphere.
The top of described evaporative condenser room is embedded in described seawater storage inside.The water vapour of the indoor evaporation of evaporative condenser carries out heat exchange with the raw material seawater in seawater storage, to accelerate the condensation of water vapour on wall on the wall of vaporizer-condenser.
The exposed outside wall surface in described evaporative condenser room is coated with lagging material.Because evaporative condenser indoor carry out evaporative condenser process to raw material seawater, therefore the temperature of the dense water got off from evaporator tank can be higher than raw material seawater, therefore, on the exposed outside surface in evaporative condenser room, covering insulation material is delivered in outside atmosphere for heat too much in the condensing chamber that avoids evaporating, to cause the waste of heat.
According to the refrigerating duty of semiconductor chilling plate, diameter can be arranged in described evaporative condenser room and be about 0.2-1m, height is about 0.2-1m.The device volume of such size is little, and floor space is few, is very applicable to miniaturization use or family expenses.
Described fresh water storage is provided with and vacuumizes hole.For reducing seawater boiling point, strengthening evaporation capacity and reduction adds heat, before carrying out sea water desaltination process, described evaporative condenser room and fresh water storage being vacuumized at every turn, described in vacuumize hole be connected with pumped vacuum systems.Pumped vacuum systems is hand-operated vacuum-pumping device, vacuum pump etc.
In the place of coastland wind resource and sun power abundance, as island, described power supply device is aerogenerator, to maximally utilise wind energy, and the electric energy heating utilizing wind-force to produce condensation seawater, and without the need to extra power supply.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention reasonably employs semiconductor chilling plate on the basis of Conventional espresso method preparing fresh, utilizes heat pump principle, can export heat more more than power input, improve the utilization rate of electrical of whole device.
2, the concentrated seawater after utilizing normal atmosphere moisturizing raw material seawater and utilizing gravity to collect evaporation process, can make device continuous and automatic run.
3, the water vapour be evaporated in evaporator tank by the chill surface of semiconductor chilling plate and evaporative condenser room top inner wall in conjunction with condensation, balance semiconductor heats the heat in face effectively, makes complete assembly more stable.
4, volume of the present invention is little, and floor space is few, is very applicable to miniaturization sea water desaltination.Be specially adapted to the coastland of wind resource and sun power abundance, the electric energy acquisition fresh water that local use wind-force or sun the subject of knowledge and the object of knowledge produce, without the need to other extra power, the water shortage problem on part island can be solved.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of a kind of embodiment of sea water desalinating plant of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view Amplified image along A-A ' line in sea water desalinating plant shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the cutaway view Amplified image along B-B ' line in sea water desalinating plant shown in Fig. 1;
In figure: seawater storage 1, normal pressure keep mouth 2, outer wall radiating fin 3, fresh water holding groove 4, raw material seawater control valve 5, seawater pipe 6, evaporative condenser room 7, coil pipe 8, dense water out valve 9, horizontal baffle 10, vertical clapboard 11, hot side radiating fin 12, hot side heat conduction copper sheet 13, semiconductor chilling plate 14, huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) fin 15, fresh water storage 16, vacuumize hole 17, fresh water pipe 18.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of sea water desalinating plant, comprise seawater storage 1, evaporative condenser room 7 and fresh water storage 16, seawater storage 1 is connected by seawater pipe 6 with evaporative condenser room 7, evaporative condenser room 7 is connected by fresh water pipe 18 with fresh water storage 16, inside, evaporative condenser room 7 is provided with semiconductor chilling plate 14, and seawater storage 1 is provided with normal pressure and keeps mouth 2.Normal pressure keeps mouth 2 to be actually the opening for feed of seawater storage 1, and normal pressure keeps mouth 2 can provide seawater for seawater storage 1, and the pressure in seawater storage 1 can also be kept to be always normal atmosphere.Seawater pipe 6 is provided with the raw material seawater control valve 5 controlling raw material seawater flow and switch.
Evaporative condenser room 7 is the structure be combined into by cone and cylinder, and top is cone, and bottom is cylinder, and it is inner that conical part is embedded in seawater storage 1, and the inwall of cone is condensate water guide face.Also be provided with outer wall radiating fin at the outer wall of cone, object is to make the raw material seawater in the water vapour of evaporation in evaporative condenser room 7 and seawater storage 1 carry out heat exchange, accelerates water vapour in the condensation of cone inwall.
The inwall pasting evaporative condenser room 7 is wound with spiral water of condensation holding groove 4, and water of condensation holding groove 4 is in the top of evaporator tank; One end of fresh water pipe 18 is docked with the condensation-water drain of water of condensation holding groove 4, and the other end of fresh water pipe 18 is connected with fresh water storage 16.The vertex of water of condensation holding groove 4 is positioned at the intersection of cone and cylinder, and lower-most point (i.e. the condensation-water drain of water of condensation holding groove 4) is at upper end more than the 1cm of vertical clapboard 11.
Horizontal baffle 10 and vertical clapboard 11 are installed in the shaft of evaporative condenser room 7, vertical clapboard 11 is arranged on horizontal baffle 10, horizontal baffle 10 is fixed on evaporative condenser room 7 sidewall, horizontal baffle 10, vertical clapboard 11 and evaporative condenser room 7 sidewall form an evaporator tank, semiconductor chilling plate 14 is provided with in evaporator tank, be dense water (seawater namely after evaporation process) spatial accommodation below evaporator tank, with the overflow ducts leading to dense water spatial accommodation between evaporator tank and evaporative condenser chamber interior walls.The sidewall (being herein the sidewall of evaporative condenser room 7) of evaporator tank is provided with the water-in be communicated with seawater pipe 6.The height of water-in can not higher than the groove face height of evaporator tank, namely the height of water-in is lower than the vertex of vertical clapboard 11, raw material seawater so just can be made to rest in evaporator tank after water-in is come in, or the seawater originally rested in evaporator tank, after evaporation process is pushed away toward vertical clapboard 11 direction, maintain low concentration to make the seawater in evaporator tank.
The face that heats of semiconductor chilling plate 14 and chill surface are correspondingly provided with hot side radiating fin 12 and huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) fin 15, between hot side radiating fin 12 and semiconductor chilling plate 14, be provided with hot side heat conduction copper sheet 13, pass for heat semiconductor chilling plate 14 being heated face.Semiconductor chilling plate 14 realizes the heating evaporation to raw material seawater and the condensation to water vapour by a power supply device.As shown in Figure 2, its flow direction along raw material seawater is arranged in evaporator tank the layout of hot side radiating fin 12.Hot side radiating fin 12 is used for the raw material seawater in heating evaporation groove, and huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) fin 15 is used for cooling the water vapour of evaporation.According to the refrigerating duty of semiconductor chilling plate 14, evaporative condenser room 7 can be designed to: diameter is about 0.2-1m, and height is about 0.2-1m.
Power supply device can be all kinds of generator, and the present embodiment utilizes aerogenerator for sea water desalinating plant energy supply, to maximally utilise wind energy, and the electric energy heating also condensation seawater utilizing wind-force to produce, and without the need to extra power supply.
Bottom evaporative condenser room 7, namely dense water spatial accommodation place is connected with a dense water out valve 9, this dense water spatial accommodation also carries out heat exchange with a certain section of seawater pipe 6, the end of seawater pipe 6 is coil pipe 8, coil pipe 8 stretches in dense water spatial accommodation and carries out the heat exchanging segment of heat exchange as with dense water spatial accommodation, thus realizes preheating of the raw material seawater in seawater pipe 6.Coil pipe 8 is copper product, and bore is about 6-20mm.The layout of coil pipe 8 in evaporative condenser room 7 as shown in Figure 3.The exposed cylinder outside wall surface in evaporative condenser room 7 is coated with lagging material, is delivered in outside atmosphere, causes the waste of heat for the heat avoided evaporating in condensing chamber 7.
Evaporative condenser room 7 connects fresh water storage 16 by fresh water pipe 18, and the top of fresh water storage 16 is provided with and vacuumizes hole 17.For reducing seawater boiling point, enhancing evaporation capacity and reduction add heat, and before carrying out sea water desaltination process, vacuumized in evaporative condenser room 7 and fresh water storage 16, vacuumizing process is utilize this to vacuumize hole 17 be connected with pumped vacuum systems and carry out at every turn.Pumped vacuum systems is hand-operated vacuum-pumping device, vacuum pump etc.
The working process of above-mentioned sea water desalinating plant is as follows: first confirm in each pipeline and container all anhydrous, close raw material seawater control valve 5, dense water out valve 9, from vacuumizing evaporative condenser room 7,17 pairs, hole, fresh water storage room 16 vacuumizes process, until evaporative condenser room 7, fresh water storage room 16 internal pressure are down to preset value.Keep mouth 2 that raw material seawater is filled raw material seawater storage 1 by normal pressure, open raw material seawater control valve 5, raw material seawater slow transits through seawater pipe 6 and enters in the evaporator tank that inside, evaporative condenser room 7 is made up of horizontal baffle 10, vertical clapboard 11 and evaporative condenser room 9 sidewall, exceeds vertical clapboard 11 until water level rises to and is spilled over to bottom, evaporative condenser room 7; Simultaneously, powered by aerogenerator, semiconductor chilling plate 14 works, semiconductor chilling plate 14 hot side heat heats until seethe with excitement by hot side heat conduction copper sheet 13, hot side radiating fin 12 pairs of raw material seawater, a large amount of water vapor meets condensation knot on the inwall of evaporative condenser room 7, in the process flowed down along inwall, flow into water of condensation holding groove 4, and flow out to fresh water storage 16 by water of condensation holding groove 4 from fresh water pipe 18; After working after a while, bottom evaporative condenser room 9, concentration of seawater is larger, raw material seawater storage room 1 flows sky, because evaporative condenser room 7 is directly communicated with air, vacuum is destroyed, and now opens dense water out valve 9, concentrated stream is gone out, and fresh water can be obtained in fresh water storage 16, so far, a production cycle completes.