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CN103273078B - Preparation method of anisotropy silver nanorod - Google Patents

Preparation method of anisotropy silver nanorod Download PDF

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CN103273078B
CN103273078B CN201310172931.5A CN201310172931A CN103273078B CN 103273078 B CN103273078 B CN 103273078B CN 201310172931 A CN201310172931 A CN 201310172931A CN 103273078 B CN103273078 B CN 103273078B
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pyrrolidine
nitrate
silver
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CN103273078A (en
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李秋红
李爱香
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Shandong University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种各向异性银纳米棒的制备方法,特征在于采用以下步骤:1)将硝酸银加入离子液体硝酸吡咯烷中充分溶解,配制成硝酸银摩尔浓度为0.01~0.05mol.l-1的硝酸吡咯烷溶液,配制过程中用黑色塑料袋进行避光处理;2)还原剂采用聚氧乙烯–聚氧丙烯–聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物,将还原剂加入到硝酸吡咯烷溶液中,还原剂加入量为硝酸吡咯烷溶液质量的27~48%,避光放置,放置过程中反复搅拌使其混合均匀,形成六角相溶致液晶;3)将液晶样品在25℃继续避光静置不少于72h后,以此液晶为模板原位还原硝酸银制得各向异性银纳米棒。本制备方法简单,无污染。The invention relates to a preparation method of anisotropic silver nanorods, which is characterized in that the following steps are adopted: 1) silver nitrate is added into ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate to fully dissolve, and the molar concentration of silver nitrate is prepared to be 0.01-0.05mol.l- 1 , the pyrrolidine nitrate solution, and black plastic bags were used to avoid light during the preparation process; 2) the reducing agent was polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer, and the reducing agent was added to the pyrrolidine nitrate solution , the adding amount of reducing agent is 27~48% of the quality of pyrrolidine nitrate solution, place it away from light, stir repeatedly to make it mix evenly during the place process, and form hexagonal phase soluble liquid crystal; After standing for no less than 72 hours, anisotropic silver nanorods were prepared by reducing silver nitrate in situ using the liquid crystal as a template. The preparation method is simple and pollution-free.

Description

各向异性银纳米棒的制备方法Preparation method of anisotropic silver nanorods

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种各向异性银纳米棒的制备方法,属纳米材料制备领域。The invention relates to a method for preparing anisotropic silver nano rods, which belongs to the field of nano material preparation.

背景技术Background technique

作为贵金属纳米材料的重要一员,银纳米粒子具有独特的光学、电学、催化性质,又因为其制作简单、成本低,可广泛应用于催化剂材料、电池电极材料、气体敏感材料、低温导热材料和导电材料等。而且,与其他贵金属纳米材料相比,银纳米粒子具有最优良的导电性能和较好电催化性能,成为近年来人们研究的热点。尽管此前已报道了此类纳米材料的大量合成方法,但在温和条件下对银纳米材料的各向异性生长进行严格调控仍然需要继续探索。而以“绿色溶剂”离子液体构建的溶致液晶因具有无污染、各向异性特征以及易于调控的结构性质使其在模板法合成纳米材料的领域中逐渐受到重视。As an important member of noble metal nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles have unique optical, electrical, and catalytic properties, and because of their simple production and low cost, they can be widely used in catalyst materials, battery electrode materials, gas-sensitive materials, low-temperature heat-conducting materials and Conductive materials, etc. Moreover, compared with other noble metal nanomaterials, silver nanoparticles have the best electrical conductivity and better electrocatalytic performance, and have become a research hotspot in recent years. Although a large number of synthetic methods of such nanomaterials have been reported before, the strict regulation of anisotropic growth of silver nanomaterials under mild conditions still needs to be further explored. Lyotropic liquid crystals constructed with "green solvent" ionic liquids have gradually attracted attention in the field of template synthesis of nanomaterials due to their non-polluting, anisotropic characteristics, and easy-to-adjust structural properties.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种工艺简单、无污染、投资成本低、易于调控、具有各向异性银纳米棒的制备方法。技其术内容为:The object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method with simple process, no pollution, low investment cost, easy regulation and anisotropic silver nanorods. The technical content is:

一种各向异性银纳米棒的制备方法,其特征在于采用以下步骤::1)将硝酸银加入离子液体硝酸吡咯烷中充分溶解,配制成硝酸银摩尔浓度为0.01~0.05mol.l-1的硝酸吡咯烷溶液,配制过程中用黑色塑料袋进行避光处理;2)还原剂采用聚氧乙烯–聚氧丙烯–聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物,将还原剂加入到硝酸吡咯烷溶液中,还原剂加入量为硝酸吡咯烷溶液质量的27~48%,避光放置,放置过程中反复搅拌使其混合均匀,形成六角相溶致液晶;3)将液晶样品在25℃继续避光静置不少于72h后,以此液晶为模板原位还原硝酸银制得各向异性银纳米棒。A method for preparing anisotropic silver nanorods is characterized in that the following steps are adopted: 1) silver nitrate is added into ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate to fully dissolve, and the molar concentration of silver nitrate is prepared to be 0.01-0.05mol.l -1 Pyrrolidine nitrate solution, in the preparation process, use a black plastic bag to avoid light; 2) The reducing agent is polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer, and the reducing agent is added to the pyrrolidine nitrate solution, The amount of the reducing agent added is 27% to 48% of the mass of the pyrrolidine nitrate solution, placed in the dark, and stirred repeatedly during the placement to make it evenly mixed to form a hexagonal lysogenic liquid crystal; 3) continue to place the liquid crystal sample at 25°C in the dark After not less than 72 hours, anisotropic silver nanorods were prepared by reducing silver nitrate in situ using the liquid crystal as a template.

为实现发明目的,所述的各向异性银纳米棒的制备方法,步骤1)中,取等摩尔的吡咯烷和质量百分比为68%的硝酸水溶液,将硝酸水溶液缓慢滴加到冰水浴、磁力搅拌器搅拌环境中的吡咯烷中,反应6~8h后,将反应物在真空下干燥除水,干燥温度80~150℃,干燥时间24~48h,得离子液体硝酸吡咯烷。In order to realize the purpose of the invention, in the preparation method of the described anisotropic silver nanorods, in step 1), getting equimolar pyrrolidine and mass percent is 68% nitric acid aqueous solution, and nitric acid aqueous solution is slowly added dropwise to ice-water bath, magnetic force After reacting for 6-8 hours in the pyrrolidine in the stirring environment with a stirrer, dry the reactant to remove water under vacuum at a drying temperature of 80-150° C. and a drying time of 24-48 hours to obtain the ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate.

为实现发明目的,所述的各向异性银纳米棒的制备方法,步骤2)在样品避光放置过程中,采用玻璃棒和离心机设备对其反复交替进行搅拌和离心操作,直至混合均匀。本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下优点:In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, in the preparation method of the anisotropic silver nanorods, step 2) uses glass rods and centrifuge equipment to repeatedly alternately stir and centrifuge the samples until they are evenly mixed. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1、本发明以“绿色溶剂”离子液体硝酸吡咯烷作为溶剂构建溶致液晶,可减少对环境的污染。1. The present invention uses the "green solvent" ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate as a solvent to construct lyotropic liquid crystals, which can reduce environmental pollution.

2、与普通液相反应体系明显不同,液晶中表面活性剂疏水区与亲水区相互间隔,周期性有序排列,利用这种各向异性的独特结构来引导纳米材料生长将赋予产物各向异性的特征以及更加优越的性能。2. It is obviously different from the ordinary liquid phase reaction system. The hydrophobic region and the hydrophilic region of the surfactant in the liquid crystal are spaced apart from each other and arranged periodically and orderly. Using this unique anisotropic structure to guide the growth of nanomaterials will endow the product with anisotropy The characteristics of the opposite sex and more superior performance.

3、本发明生产工艺简单,设备投资少,生产成本低,容易实现工业化。只需要一台高速离心机及很少的配套工艺与设备,就可以制备出具有各向异性特征的棒状银纳米材料。3. The present invention has simple production process, low equipment investment, low production cost and easy industrialization. Rod-shaped silver nanomaterials with anisotropic characteristics can be prepared only by a high-speed centrifuge and few supporting processes and equipment.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

实施例1:Example 1:

步骤1):取15.35g吡咯烷和质量百分比为68%的硝酸水溶液19.81g,将硝酸水溶液在0.5h内缓慢滴加到冰水浴、磁力搅拌器搅拌环境中的吡咯烷中,反应6h后,将反应物在真空、150℃干燥温度干燥除水,干燥时间24h,得离子液体硝酸吡咯烷。将硝酸银加入离子液体硝酸吡咯烷中充分溶解,配制成硝酸银摩尔浓度为0.01mol.l-1的硝酸吡咯烷溶液,配制过程中用黑色塑料袋进行避光处理。Step 1): Take 15.35g of pyrrolidine and 19.81g of 68% nitric acid aqueous solution by mass percentage, slowly add the nitric acid aqueous solution to the pyrrolidine in the ice-water bath and magnetic stirrer stirring environment within 0.5h, after reacting for 6h, The reactant was dried under vacuum at a drying temperature of 150° C. to remove water for 24 hours to obtain the ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate. The silver nitrate is added into the ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate to fully dissolve, and the pyrrolidine nitrate solution with a silver nitrate molar concentration of 0.01 mol.l −1 is prepared, and a black plastic bag is used for light-proof treatment during the preparation process.

步骤2):将质量百分比为27%的还原剂聚氧乙烯–聚氧丙烯–聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物加入到硝酸吡咯烷溶液中,避光放置,放置过程中,采用玻璃棒和离心机设备对其反复交替进行搅拌和离心操作,直至混合均匀,反应形成六角相溶致液晶。Step 2): Add a reducing agent polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer with a mass percentage of 27% to the pyrrolidine nitrate solution, place it in the dark, and use a glass rod and a centrifuge during the placement process The equipment repeatedly alternately stirs and centrifuges until the mixture is uniform, and the reaction forms a hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystal.

步骤3)将液晶样品在25℃下避光静置72h,再以此液晶为模板原位还原硝酸银制得各向异性银纳米棒。Step 3) The liquid crystal sample was kept at 25°C in the dark for 72 hours, and then the anisotropic silver nanorods were prepared by in situ reduction of silver nitrate using the liquid crystal as a template.

对制得的各向异性银纳米棒测试表明:所得银纳米棒无聚集,分散性好,直径约为20~30nm,长度约为200~250nm。Tests on the prepared anisotropic silver nanorods show that the obtained silver nanorods have no aggregation, good dispersion, a diameter of about 20-30nm, and a length of about 200-250nm.

实施例2:Example 2:

步骤1):取17.85g吡咯烷和质量百分比为68%的硝酸水溶液23.03g,将硝酸水溶液在0.5h内缓慢滴加到冰水浴、磁力搅拌器搅拌环境中的吡咯烷中,反应7h后,将反应物在真空、130℃干燥温度干燥除水,干燥时间30h,得离子液体硝酸吡咯烷。将硝酸银加入离子液体硝酸吡咯烷中充分溶解,配制成硝酸银摩尔浓度为0.03mol.l-1的硝酸吡咯烷溶液,配制过程中用黑色塑料袋进行避光处理。Step 1): Take 17.85g of pyrrolidine and 23.03g of 68% nitric acid aqueous solution by mass percentage, slowly add the nitric acid aqueous solution to the pyrrolidine in the ice-water bath and magnetic stirrer stirring environment within 0.5h, after reacting for 7h, The reactant was dried under vacuum at a drying temperature of 130° C. to remove water for 30 hours to obtain the ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate. The silver nitrate is added into the ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate to fully dissolve, and the pyrrolidine nitrate solution with a silver nitrate molar concentration of 0.03 mol.l −1 is prepared, and a black plastic bag is used for light-proof treatment during the preparation process.

步骤2):将质量百分比为36%的还原剂聚氧乙烯–聚氧丙烯–聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物加入到硝酸吡咯烷溶液中,避光放置,放置过程中,采用玻璃棒和离心机设备对其反复交替进行搅拌和离心操作,直至混合均匀,反应形成六角相溶致液晶。Step 2): Add a reducing agent polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer with a mass percentage of 36% to the pyrrolidine nitrate solution, place it in the dark, and use a glass rod and a centrifuge during the placement process The equipment repeatedly alternately stirs and centrifuges until the mixture is uniform, and the reaction forms a hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystal.

步骤3)将液晶样品在25℃下避光静置86h,再以此液晶为模板原位还原硝酸银制得各向异性银纳米棒。Step 3) The liquid crystal sample was kept at 25°C in the dark for 86 hours, and then the anisotropic silver nanorods were prepared by in situ reduction of silver nitrate using the liquid crystal as a template.

实施例3:Example 3:

步骤1):取19.02g吡咯烷和质量百分比为68%的硝酸水溶液25.54g,将硝酸水溶液在0.5h内缓慢滴加到冰水浴、磁力搅拌器搅拌环境中的吡咯烷中,反应8h后,将反应物在真空、120℃干燥温度干燥除水,干燥时间36h,得离子液体硝酸吡咯烷。将硝酸银加入离子液体硝酸吡咯烷中充分溶解,配制成硝酸银摩尔浓度为0.05mol.l-1的硝酸吡咯烷溶液,配制过程中用黑色塑料袋进行避光处理。Step 1): Take 19.02g of pyrrolidine and 25.54g of 68% nitric acid aqueous solution by mass percentage, slowly add the nitric acid aqueous solution to the pyrrolidine in the ice-water bath and magnetic stirrer stirring environment within 0.5h, after reacting for 8h, The reactant was dried under vacuum at a drying temperature of 120° C. to remove water for 36 hours to obtain the ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate. The silver nitrate is added into the ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate to fully dissolve, and the pyrrolidine nitrate solution with a silver nitrate molar concentration of 0.05 mol.l −1 is prepared, and a black plastic bag is used for light-proof treatment during the preparation process.

步骤2):将质量百分比为40%的还原剂聚氧乙烯–聚氧丙烯–聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物加入到硝酸吡咯烷溶液中,避光放置,放置过程中,采用玻璃棒和离心机设备对其反复交替进行搅拌和离心操作,直至混合均匀,反应形成六角相溶致液晶。Step 2): Add a reducing agent polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer with a mass percentage of 40% to the pyrrolidine nitrate solution, place it in the dark, and use a glass rod and a centrifuge during the placement process The equipment repeatedly alternately stirs and centrifuges until the mixture is uniform, and the reaction forms a hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystal.

步骤3)将液晶样品在25℃下避光静置100h,再以此液晶为模板原位还原硝酸银制得各向异性银纳米棒。Step 3) The liquid crystal sample was kept at 25°C in the dark for 100 hours, and then the anisotropic silver nanorods were prepared by reducing silver nitrate in situ with the liquid crystal as a template.

实施例4:Example 4:

步骤1):取21.23g吡咯烷和质量百分比为68%的硝酸水溶液27.40g,将硝酸水溶液在0.5h内缓慢滴加到冰水浴、磁力搅拌器搅拌环境中的吡咯烷中,反应7h后,将反应物在真空、100℃干燥温度干燥除水,干燥时间44h,得离子液体硝酸吡咯烷。将硝酸银加入离子液体硝酸吡咯烷中充分溶解,配制成硝酸银摩尔浓度为0.02mol.l-1的硝酸吡咯烷溶液,配制过程中用黑色塑料袋进行避光处理。Step 1): Take 21.23g of pyrrolidine and 27.40g of 68% nitric acid aqueous solution by mass percentage, slowly add the nitric acid aqueous solution to the pyrrolidine in the ice-water bath and magnetic stirrer stirring environment within 0.5h, after reacting for 7h, The reactant was dried under vacuum at a drying temperature of 100° C. to remove water for 44 hours to obtain the ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate. The silver nitrate is added into the ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate to fully dissolve, and the pyrrolidine nitrate solution with a silver nitrate molar concentration of 0.02 mol.l −1 is prepared, and a black plastic bag is used for light-proof treatment during the preparation process.

步骤2):将质量百分比为44%的还原剂聚氧乙烯–聚氧丙烯–聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物加入到硝酸吡咯烷溶液中,避光放置,放置过程中,采用玻璃棒和离心机设备对其反复交替进行搅拌和离心操作,直至混合均匀,反应形成六角相溶致液晶。Step 2): Add a reducing agent polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer with a mass percentage of 44% to the pyrrolidine nitrate solution, place it in the dark, and use a glass rod and a centrifuge during the placement process The equipment repeatedly alternately stirs and centrifuges until the mixture is uniform, and the reaction forms a hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystal.

步骤3)将液晶样品在25℃下避光静置80h,再以此液晶为模板原位还原硝酸银制得各向异性银纳米棒。Step 3) The liquid crystal sample was kept at 25°C in the dark for 80 hours, and then the anisotropic silver nanorods were prepared by reducing silver nitrate in situ using the liquid crystal as a template.

实施例5:Example 5:

步骤1):取23.05g吡咯烷和质量百分比为68%的硝酸水溶液29.74g,将硝酸水溶液在0.5h内缓慢滴加到冰水浴、磁力搅拌器搅拌环境中的吡咯烷中,反应8h后,将反应物在真空、80℃干燥温度干燥除水,干燥时间48h,得离子液体硝酸吡咯烷。将硝酸银加入离子液体硝酸吡咯烷中充分溶解,配制成硝酸银摩尔浓度为0.04mol.l-1的硝酸吡咯烷溶液,配制过程中用黑色塑料袋进行避光处理Step 1): Take 23.05g of pyrrolidine and 29.74g of 68% nitric acid aqueous solution by mass percentage, slowly add the nitric acid aqueous solution to the pyrrolidine in the ice-water bath and magnetic stirrer stirring environment within 0.5h, after reacting for 8h, The reactant was dried under vacuum at a drying temperature of 80° C. to remove water for 48 hours to obtain the ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate. Add silver nitrate to the ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate and fully dissolve it to prepare a solution of pyrrolidine nitrate with a silver nitrate molar concentration of 0.04 mol.l -1 . During the preparation process, use a black plastic bag to avoid light

步骤2):将质量百分比为48%的还原剂聚氧乙烯–聚氧丙烯–聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物加入到硝酸吡咯烷溶液中,避光放置,放置过程中,采用玻璃棒和离心机设备对其反复交替进行搅拌和离心操作,直至混合均匀,反应形成六角相溶致液晶。Step 2): Add a reducing agent polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer with a mass percentage of 48% to the pyrrolidine nitrate solution, place it in the dark, and use a glass rod and a centrifuge during the placement process The equipment repeatedly alternately stirs and centrifuges until the mixture is uniform, and the reaction forms a hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystal.

步骤3)将液晶样品在25℃下避光静置92h,再以此液晶为模板原位还原硝酸银制得各向异性银纳米棒。Step 3) The liquid crystal sample was kept at 25° C. in the dark for 92 hours, and then the anisotropic silver nanorods were prepared by in situ reduction of silver nitrate using the liquid crystal as a template.

Claims (3)

1.一种各向异性银纳米棒的制备方法,其特征在于采用以下步骤:1)将硝酸银加入离子液体硝酸吡咯烷中充分溶解,配制成硝酸银摩尔浓度为0.01~0.05mol.l-1的硝酸吡咯烷溶液,配制过程中用黑色塑料袋进行避光处理;2)还原剂采用聚氧乙烯–聚氧丙烯–聚氧乙烯嵌段共聚物,将还原剂加入到硝酸吡咯烷溶液中,还原剂加入量为硝酸吡咯烷溶液质量的27~48%,避光放置,放置过程中反复搅拌使其混合均匀,形成六角相溶致液晶;3)将液晶样品在25℃继续避光静置不少于72h后,以此液晶为模板原位还原硝酸银制得各向异性银纳米棒。1. A method for preparing anisotropic silver nanorods, characterized in that the following steps are adopted: 1) adding silver nitrate to the ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate to fully dissolve it, and preparing silver nitrate with a molar concentration of 0.01 to 0.05mol.l- 1. Pyrrolidine nitrate solution. During the preparation process, use a black plastic bag to avoid light; 2) The reducing agent is polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymer, and the reducing agent is added to the pyrrolidine nitrate solution. , the amount of reducing agent added is 27% to 48% of the mass of pyrrolidine nitrate solution, placed in the dark, stirred repeatedly during the placement process to mix evenly, forming a hexagonal phase soluble liquid crystal; 3) Keep the liquid crystal sample at 25°C in the dark After standing for no less than 72 hours, anisotropic silver nanorods were prepared by reducing silver nitrate in situ using the liquid crystal as a template. 2.根据权利要求1所述的各向异性银纳米棒的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,取等摩尔的吡咯烷和质量百分比为68%的硝酸水溶液,将硝酸水溶液缓慢滴加到冰水浴、磁力搅拌器搅拌环境中的吡咯烷中反应6~8h后,将反应物在真空下干燥除水,干燥温度80~150℃,干燥时间24~48h,得离子液体硝酸吡咯烷。2. the preparation method of anisotropic silver nanorod according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 1), get equimolar pyrrolidine and mass percentage be the nitric acid aqueous solution of 68%, slowly drop nitric acid aqueous solution After reacting in pyrrolidine in an ice-water bath and a magnetic stirrer for 6-8 hours, dry the reactant under vacuum to remove water at a drying temperature of 80-150°C and a drying time of 24-48 hours to obtain ionic liquid pyrrolidine nitrate. 3.根据权利要求1所述的各向异性银纳米棒的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)在样品避光放置过程中,采用玻璃棒和离心机设备对其反复交替进行搅拌和离心操作,直至混合均匀。3. The preparation method of anisotropic silver nanorods according to claim 1, characterized in that: step 2) in the process of placing the sample away from light, use glass rods and centrifuge equipment to repeatedly alternately stir and centrifuge it until evenly mixed.
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