CN103267637A - Self-balancing motorized spindle comprehensive performance test platform - Google Patents
Self-balancing motorized spindle comprehensive performance test platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN103267637A CN103267637A CN2013101736554A CN201310173655A CN103267637A CN 103267637 A CN103267637 A CN 103267637A CN 2013101736554 A CN2013101736554 A CN 2013101736554A CN 201310173655 A CN201310173655 A CN 201310173655A CN 103267637 A CN103267637 A CN 103267637A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种自平衡电主轴综合性能试验平台，在电主轴的前端设置有平衡头，并用不平衡模拟圆盘来固定平衡头和模拟电主轴的不平衡，在平衡头定子内嵌入光纤传感器，在电主轴前轴承座上安装加速度传感器，在电主轴前端轴段的径向安装两个相互垂直的位移传感器，在电主轴壳体及其支承轴承的外圈上安装温度传感器，在电主轴前端沿轴向安装高精度位移传感器，分别测取主轴转速、壳体振动、轴振动、轴心轨迹、电机绕组和轴承的温度以及轴的热变形，各传感器输出的信号经过传感器信号集成变送单元后分别输入到车载单元、便携式信号采集分析仪和电控柜。实现了在线动平衡和自动报警、主动停机等功能，该平台具有集成度高、功能全面、故障可控等特点。
The invention discloses a self-balancing electric spindle comprehensive performance test platform. A balance head is arranged at the front end of the electric spindle, and an unbalance simulation disk is used to fix the balance head and simulate the unbalance of the electric spindle, and an optical fiber is embedded in the balance head stator. Sensors, install an acceleration sensor on the front bearing seat of the electric spindle, install two displacement sensors perpendicular to each other in the radial direction of the front end of the electric spindle, install a temperature sensor on the outer ring of the electric spindle shell and its supporting bearing, and The front end of the spindle is installed with a high-precision displacement sensor along the axial direction to measure the spindle speed, shell vibration, shaft vibration, shaft center trajectory, motor winding and bearing temperature, and shaft thermal deformation. The signals output by each sensor are transformed through sensor signal integration. After sending the unit, input it to the vehicle unit, portable signal acquisition analyzer and electric control cabinet respectively. The functions of online dynamic balance, automatic alarm and active shutdown have been realized. The platform has the characteristics of high integration, comprehensive functions and controllable faults.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric spindle technology field, relate to a kind of electric main shaft performance testing platform, be specifically related to a kind of self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform.
Background technology
There is the phenomenon of mass eccentricity in machine tool chief axis often because of material inequality, foozle, rigging error and tool changing etc.
When machine tool chief axis rotated at a high speed, its mass eccentricity can produce bigger inertial centrifugal force, and then caused the judder of axis system, thereby to main shaft serviceable life and workpiece surface quality causing harmful effect.
The electricity main shaft is compared traditional mechanical main shaft, and its rotating speed changes up to hundreds of thousands.Therefore, for electric main shaft, imbalance problem is then more outstanding.Want to bring into play fully the high efficiency of electric main shaft processing, must take necessary compulsive measures to suppress accessory problem uneven and that cause therefrom, aggravate as temperature rise.
At present, the domestic intelligent electric main shaft pilot system that to carry out comprehensively monitoring to electric main shaft operational process that still lacks.Existing research mostly is at specific technique independent studies such as vibration monitoring analysis, on-line automatic balance, online temperature rise test, thermal deformation test, fault alarm and compensation, and there is following problem in existing research: the automatic balance head that adopt (1) mostly is mechanical type, liquid-spraying type and imitative electric motor type, complex structure; (2) equilibrium strategy that adopts is many based on two plane balancing; (3) when vibration surpasses the range of balance of automatic balance head, lack vibration control measure effectively; (4) for the temperature rise situation of electric main shaft behind the balancing head has been installed, lack the test and evaluation of multi-measuring point; (5) test of thermal deformation still is a difficult problem, lacks measurement scheme simply and effectively; (6) research of electric main shaft monitoring running state and fail-safe control is lacked integrated level height, practicality are good, the comprehensive test platform of feature richness.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform that can realize high-speed electric main shaft vibration online monitoring and analysis, on-line automatic transient equilibrium, the test of temperature rise in real time, shut down axial thermal deformation test and report to the police automatically and shut down in order to overcome above-mentioned technical matters.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform comprises self-equilibrating electricity main shaft and support system, sensor and support system thereof, status monitoring and automatic-balancing system and reports to the police automatically and the control electrical control cubicles of stopping initiatively;
Described self-equilibrating electricity main shaft and support system thereof, comprise that electric main shaft and end face offer the testing table support of standing groove, described electric front-end of spindle is equipped with the imbalance simulation disk of balancing head and stable equilibrium head, described electric main shaft is fixed on the T stage face by front-end bearing pedestal and rear bearing block, the T stage face is arranged in the standing groove of testing table support, and the place, four angles of described testing table frame bottom is provided with the testing table lifting screw of regulating the testing table height;
Described sensor and support system thereof, comprise the acceleration transducer that obtains electric main shaft hull vibration in real time that is installed on the front-end bearing pedestal, the front end of described electric main shaft is installed two orthogonal displacement transducers, the front end of electricity main shaft is equipped with the high accuracy displacement sensor of measuring the axial thermal deformation of electric main shaft, high accuracy displacement sensor is fixed on the T stage face by second bearing, also be provided with the Fibre Optical Sensor that is obtained from the balance electricity speed of mainshaft in the balancing head, a plurality of temperature sensors are installed on the electric main shaft;
Described status monitoring and automatic-balancing system, comprise the portable signal acquisition and analysis instrument, board units and the computing machine that is used for showing and preserving the board units result that links to each other with board units, described acceleration transducer, the signal that two orthogonal displacement transducers and high accuracy displacement sensor collect enters into the portable signal acquisition and analysis instrument after through the integrated transducing unit of sensor signal, in the electrical control cubicles that board units and automatic warning and active control stop, enter into portable signal acquisition and analysis instrument and board units behind the integrated transducing unit of signal process sensor signal that Fibre Optical Sensor collects, enter into automatic warning and initiatively control the electrical control cubicles of stopping behind the integrated transducing unit of signal process sensor signal that described temperature sensor collects, described board units comprises power supply and the signal that the integrated transducing unit of sensor signal comes out is isolated, the signal pre-processing circuit of amplification and filtering, described signal pre-processing circuit is input to pretreated signal in A/D sampling and the signal operation control circuit, and A/D sampling and signal operation control circuit will be controlled balancing head and be input to the balancing head driving circuit at the signal of line balance.
Offer the inverted T shape groove on the described T stage face, bolt is fixed in front-end bearing pedestal, rear bearing block in the inverted T shape groove after passing front-end bearing pedestal, rear bearing block and being positioned over the interior threaded slide block of inverted T shape groove, by hinge the protective cover that prevents dust and particle that rises that covers on electric main shaft and automatic balance head assembly outside is installed on the described T stage face, described testing table support bottom also is provided with the mobile wheel for the nigration platform.
Be lined with rubber blanket between described T stage face and the testing table support;
Described protective cover is that organic glass or the tempered glass of 9～11mm is made by thickness;
Described front-end bearing pedestal and rear bearing block comprise loam cake and following, and upper cover top surface is arranged to the plane, offer shallow slot in the middle part of following the bottom surface; Front-end bearing pedestal and rear bearing block adopt the Q235 steel to make, and the two structure is identical, lays respectively at front bearing and the rear bearing place of electric main shaft.
Described balancing head is the electromagnetic type balancing head, and the electromagnetic type balancing head comprises balancing head stator and balance head rotor, and the balancing head stator covers greatly before being installed in electric main shaft by flange; Described balancing head rotor is installed to electric front-end of spindle by clearance fit, and fixes by the screw that holds out against on the threaded uneven simulation disk.
Described uneven simulation disk upper edge circumferentially offers the counterweight hole that is used for the analog main shaft eccentric mass that two circles vary in size.
Eight temperature sensors are installed on the described electric main shaft, eight temperature sensors are respectively the temperature sensor that is mounted on electric front-end of spindle duplex bearing outer ring, are mounted on the temperature sensor on the electric main shaft central enclosure, be mounted on the temperature sensor of electric main shaft housing rear end, be installed on the temperature sensor on the electric front-end of spindle duplex bearing outer ring by being threaded, be installed on the temperature sensor at electric rear-end of spindle bearing place vertically, be installed on the temperature sensor in the electric main shaft stator winding.
Described temperature sensor is thermal resistance temperature sensor, thermal resistance temperature sensor is PT100 contact platinum resistance sensor, wherein, four thermal resistance temperature sensors of two front bearing corresponding housing, electric main shaft housing middle part, electric main shaft housing rear end are the surface-adhered type sensor.
The integrated transducing unit of described sensor signal comprises that several signals that each sensor is collected become the transmitter that send, and several transmitters are arranged on the testing table support after being integrated on the insulation plank.
Described displacement transducer is ICP type eddy current displacement sensor; Two orthogonal ICP type eddy current displacement sensors are fixed on the T stage face by first bearing and threaded slide block, and keep the distance of 0.8～1.2mm between displacement sensor probe surface and the electric main shaft periphery;
Described acceleration transducer is ICP type piezoelectric acceleration sensor, acceleration transducer by self with magnetic support be adsorbed on the end face of front-end bearing pedestal;
Described high accuracy displacement sensor is current vortex type high accuracy displacement sensor, current vortex type high accuracy displacement sensor is fixed on the T stage face by second bearing and threaded slide block, and current vortex type high accuracy displacement sensor is popped one's head in over against electric front-end of spindle face; Wherein, to be ground to flatness be the 1um level to electric front-end of spindle face;
Described Fibre Optical Sensor is reflective optical sensor, reflective optical sensor is installed in the balancing head stator interior, and the reflective optical sensor probe is over against balancing head rotor periphery, and the two keeps 4～6mm distance reflective optical sensor and balancing head rotor periphery; Be provided with the black reflective marker at the balancing head rotor surface.
Described automatic warning and the electrical control cubicles of initiatively controlling in stopping are the PLC electrical control cubicles, are provided with frequency converter and gauge tap in the PLC electrical control cubicles;
Electric main shaft monitoring running state and self-poise software are installed on the described computing machine;
Described electric main shaft adopts accurate water cooling unit and oil mist lubricator to its cooling and lubricated.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial technical effects:
Self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform provided by the invention, owing at electric front-end of spindle balancing head is set, and be provided with the balancing head driving circuit, the balancing head driving circuit receives the coil that puts on the balancing head stator from the positive and negative square wave voltage waveform that replaces of output after the actuating signal of arithmetic control circuit, coil produces field drives balancing head rotor operation, realizes the on-line dynamic balancing of electric main shaft; And at electric front-end of spindle the displacement transducer of quadrature is installed, can monitors shaft vibration in real time, and obtain orbit of shaft center, magnitude of vibrations and the orbit of shaft center of axle change when estimating the operation of self-equilibrating electricity main shaft; Simultaneously at bearing seat acceleration transducer has been installed, can have been monitored electric main shaft hull vibration in real time, and estimated the overall operation state of self-equilibrating electricity main shaft according to electric main shaft hull vibration; The temperature that the electricity main shaft has been installed eight road temperature sensor measurement bearings, housing, stator coil can obtain electric main shaft maximum temperature rise point, estimates the real-time temperature rise of electric main shaft in actual moving process simultaneously and changes; After the electricity main shaft increases pretension, at front end high accuracy displacement sensor is installed, is waited to shut down the axial thermal deformation of back approximate measure electricity main shaft, scheme is simple; Also be provided with the Fibre Optical Sensor that is obtained from the balance electricity speed of mainshaft in the balancing head, so the present invention has realized that electric main shaft is carried out vibration monitoring analysis, on-line automatic balance, temperature rise test in real time, thermal deformation test and warning, control to stop.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic appearance of electromagnetic type automatic balance head of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the uneven simulation of the present invention disk;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of T stage face of the present invention and protective cover;
Fig. 5 is the principle of work synoptic diagram of status monitoring of the present invention and automatic-balancing system.
Wherein, 1 is the balancing head stator, and 2 is electric main shaft, 3 is big lid before the electric main shaft, and 4 is the balancing head rotor, and 5 is threaded uneven simulation disk, 6 is front-end bearing pedestal, and 7 is rear bearing block, and 8 is the T stage face, 9 is the testing table support, and 10 is the testing table lifting screw, and 11 are mobile wheel, 12,13 is displacement transducer, and 14 is first bearing, and 15 is acceleration transducer, 16,19 is temperature sensor, 17,18 is temperature sensor, and 20 is temperature sensor, 21 is temperature sensor, and 22 is temperature sensor, and 23 is temperature sensor, 24 is high accuracy displacement sensor, and 25 is second bearing, and 26 is the optical fiber speed probe, 27 is the integrated transducing unit of sensor signal, and 28 is the portable signal acquisition and analysis instrument, and 29 is board units, 30 is computing machine, and 31 is electrical control cubicles, and 32 is flange, 33 for holding out against screw, 34 is the screw thread on the uneven simulation disk, and 35 is protective cover, and 36 is hinge, 37 is power supply, 38 is signal pre-processing circuit, and 39 are A/D sampling and signal operation control circuit, and 40 is the balancing head driving circuit; 41 is the counterweight hole.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and the explanation of the invention is not limited.
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, the invention provides a kind of self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform, comprise self-equilibrating electricity main shaft and support system, sensor and support system thereof, status monitoring and automatic-balancing system and report to the police automatically and initiatively control stop system;
Described self-equilibrating electricity main shaft and support system thereof, comprise that electric main shaft 2 and end face offer the testing table support 9 of standing groove, described electric main shaft 2 front ends are equipped with the imbalance simulation disk 5 of balancing head and stable equilibrium head, described electric main shaft 2 is fixed on the T stage face 8 by front-end bearing pedestal 6 and rear bearing block 7, T stage face 8 is positioned in the standing groove of testing table support 9, be lined with rubber blanket between described T stage face 8 and the testing table support 9, realize damping; The place, four angles of described testing table support 9 bottoms is provided with the testing table lifting screw 10 of regulating the testing table height; Described testing table support 9 bottoms also are provided with the mobile wheel 11 for the nigration platform, for reducing mishap to surrounding devices and operating personnel's injury, by hinge 36 protective cover 35 that prevents dust and particle that rises that covers on electric main shaft and automatic balance head assembly outside is installed on the described T stage face 8, described protective cover is that organic glass or the tempered glass of 9～11mm is made by thickness.Wherein, balancing head and 2 seamless links of electric main shaft are one.
Offer the inverted T shape groove on the described T stage face 8, after bolt passes front-end bearing pedestal 6, rear bearing block 7 and is positioned over threaded slide block in the inverted T shape groove front-end bearing pedestal 6, rear bearing block 7 be fixed in the inverted T shape groove on the T stage face 8, wherein, described threaded slide block is made by No. 45 steel, be positioned at the inverted T shape groove of T stage face, can in groove, move freely along groove.
Wherein, described balancing head is the electromagnetic type balancing head, and the electromagnetic type balancing head comprises balancing head stator 1 and balance head rotor 4, and balancing head stator 1 covers on 3 greatly before being installed in electric main shaft by flange 32; Described balancing head rotor 4 is installed to electric main shaft 2 front ends by clearance fit, and by on threaded 34 the imbalance simulation disk 5 to hold out against screw 33 fixing, this electricity main shaft adopts the electromagnetic type balancing head, realizes the on-line dynamic balancing of rigidity machine tool chief axis, has noncontact characteristic, simple in structure.Simultaneously, described uneven simulation disk 5 upper edges circumferentially offer the counterweight hole 41 that is used for the analog main shaft eccentric mass that two circles vary in size, and come the eccentric mass of analog main shaft by being screwed into the counterweight screw.
Described front-end bearing pedestal 6 and rear bearing block 7 comprise loam cake and following, and upper cover top surface is arranged to the plane, so that acceleration transducer to be installed, to offer shallow slot in the middle part of following the bottom surface and contact well with the T stage face to guarantee its two ends, left and right sides; Front-end bearing pedestal 6 and rear bearing block 7 adopt the Q235 steel to make, and the two structure is identical, lays respectively at front bearing and the rear bearing place of electric main shaft 2.
Described sensor and support system thereof; comprise the acceleration transducer that obtains electric main shaft hull vibration in real time 15 that is installed on the front-end bearing pedestal 6; the front end of described electric main shaft 2 is installed two orthogonal displacement transducers 12; 13; to be obtained from the vibration of balance electricity main shaft rotating shaft in real time; obtain the rotating shaft core track with this two-way sensor signal simultaneously; front end at electric main shaft 2 is equipped with the high accuracy displacement sensor 24 of measuring the axial thermal deformation of electric main shaft; after shutdown, to measure the axial thermal deformation of electric main shaft; high accuracy displacement sensor 24 is fixed on the T stage face 8 by second bearing 25; in balancing head stator 1, be provided with the Fibre Optical Sensor 26 that can be obtained from the balance electricity speed of mainshaft in real time; eight temperature sensors are installed on the described electric main shaft 2; eight temperature sensors are respectively the temperature sensor 16 on the electric main shaft housing that is mounted on electric main shaft 2 front end duplex bearing outer ring correspondences; 19; be mounted on the temperature sensor 20 on electric main shaft 2 central enclosure; be mounted on the temperature sensor 21 of electric main shaft housing rear end; on the front end duplex bearing outer ring of electric main shaft 2, be connected and installed with temperature sensor 17 by the radial screw bore along electric main shaft housing; 18; temperature sensor is contacted with bearing outer ring reliably; obtain the temperature of bearing outer ring in real time; at electric main shaft 2 rear end bearing places temperature sensor 22 is installed vertically and obtains rear bearing outer ring temperature in real time, in the big end of electric main shaft stator winding, imbed a temperature sensor 23 to obtain winding temperature in real time.
Wherein, described temperature sensor is thermal resistance temperature sensor, thermal resistance temperature sensor is PT100 contact platinum resistance sensor, wherein, two front bearing corresponding housing, electricity main shaft housing middle part, four thermal resistance temperature sensors of electricity main shaft housing rear end are the surface-adhered type sensor, be fixed on the electric main shaft housing by adhesive means, therefore measure bearing by No. eight temperature sensors of installing on the electric main shaft, housing, the temperature of stator coil, can obtain electric main shaft maximum temperature rise point, estimate the real-time temperature rise of electric main shaft in actual moving process simultaneously and change.
Concrete, described displacement transducer 12,13 is ICP type eddy current displacement sensor; Two mutual vertically arranged ICP type eddy current displacement sensors are fixed on the T stage face 8 by first bearing 14 and threaded slide block, and the distance that keeps 1mm between displacement sensor probe surface and electric main shaft 2 peripheries, can monitor the shaft vibration of electric main shaft in real time, and obtaining orbit of shaft center, magnitude of vibrations and the orbit of shaft center of axle change in the time of estimating the operation of self-equilibrating electricity main shaft; When electric main shaft 2 diameters during less than sensor specifying measurement scope, adopt " frequently wrong " design to eliminate the electromagnetic interference (EMI) between adjacent two displacement transducers to sensor.
Described acceleration transducer 15 is ICP type piezoelectric acceleration sensor, acceleration transducer 15 by self with magnetic support be adsorbed on the end face of front-end bearing pedestal, can monitor the hull vibration of electric main shaft in real time, can estimate the overall operation state of self-equilibrating electricity main shaft;
Described high accuracy displacement sensor 24 is current vortex type high accuracy displacement sensor, current vortex type high accuracy displacement sensor is fixed on the T stage face 8 by second bearing 25 and threaded slide block, and current vortex type high accuracy displacement sensor is popped one's head in over against electric front-end of spindle face; Wherein, for guaranteeing measuring accuracy, it is the 1um level that electric front-end of spindle face is ground to flatness; Therefore at electric front-end of spindle high accuracy displacement sensor is installed, is waited to shut down the axial thermal deformation of back approximate measure electricity main shaft, scheme is simple.
Described Fibre Optical Sensor 26 is reflective optical sensor, reflective optical sensor is installed in the balancing head stator interior, and the reflective optical sensor probe is over against balancing head rotor periphery, and reflective optical sensor and balancing head rotor periphery and the two keep the 5mm distance; Make one section black reflective marker experiencing the light signal that Fibre Optical Sensor sends at the balancing head rotor surface by laser etching method, the main shaft pulse of sensor output of whenever going around is calculated the real-time rotating speed of main shaft by pulse number.
With reference to figure 1 and Fig. 5, described status monitoring and automatic-balancing system, comprise portable signal acquisition and analysis instrument 28, board units 29 and the computing machine 30 that is used for showing and preserving the board units result that links to each other with board units 29, described acceleration transducer 15, two orthogonal displacement transducers 12,13 and the signal that collects of high accuracy displacement sensor 24 enter into portable signal acquisition and analysis instrument 28 after through the integrated transducing unit 27 of sensor signal, in the electrical control cubicles 31 that board units 29 and automatic warning and active control stop, enter into portable signal acquisition and analysis instrument 28 and board units 29 behind the integrated transducing unit 27 of signal process sensor signal that Fibre Optical Sensor 26 collects, enter into automatic warning and initiatively control stop system behind the integrated transducing unit 27 of signal process sensor signal that described temperature sensor collects, described board units 29 comprises the power supply 37 that is encapsulated in the cabinet and the signal that the integrated transducing unit 27 of sensor signal comes out is isolated, the signal pre-processing circuit 38 of amplification and filtering, described signal pre-processing circuit 38 is input to pretreated signal in A/D sampling and the signal operation control circuit 39, and A/D sampling and signal operation control circuit 39 will be controlled balancing head and be input to balancing head driving circuit 40 at the signal of line balance.Wherein, the integrated transducing unit 27 of described sensor signal comprises that several signals that each sensor is collected become the transmitter that send, and several transmitters are arranged on the testing table support 9 after being integrated on the insulation plank.
Concrete, power supply 37 is the 24V Switching Power Supply, give board units each circuit board power supply, the electric signal that to be the coupled sensor original mechanical signal of picking up become after sending through self transmitter 27 of signal pre-processing circuit 38 input, its output is through isolating, analog voltage signal after amplification and filtering are handled, this analog voltage signal is input to A/D sampling and signal operation control circuit 39 through the A/D sampling, A/D sampling and signal operation control circuit 39 are asked for the amount of unbalance of self-equilibrating electricity main shaft according to acceleration signal and tach signal, simultaneously the two-way displacement signal is drawn orbit of shaft center, balancing head driving circuit 40 receives the coil that puts on balancing head stator 1 from the positive and negative square wave voltage waveform that replaces of output after the actuating signal of A/D sampling and signal operation control circuit 39, coil produces field drives balancing head rotor operation, realizes the on-line dynamic balancing of electric main shaft; 28 1 of portable signal acquisition and analysis instruments experiment contrast corrective system is finished and board units 29 part identical functions, is used for and the data of board units 29 are done contrast with checking board units 29 operate as normal whether.
Electric main shaft monitoring running state and self-poise software are housed on the described computing machine 30; the terminal that computing machine shows with the spectrum analysis result the time-domain signal that is input to the sensor output in the board units and shows, orbit of shaft center is drawn; can observe the signal of each sensor easily, and saving result at any time.
Described balancing head driving circuit is a full-bridge circuit, can drive the balancing head of A/D sampling and the output of signal operation control circuit and convert the positive and negative square wave that replaces to permanent positive voltage pulse, this square wave is applied to the two ends of balancing head stator coil, can turn round continuously in the same direction by the driven equilibrium head, thereby realize on-line dynamic balancing.
Simultaneously described electric main shaft 2 adopts accurate water cooling unit and oil mist lubricator to its cooling and lubricated, and the required air pressure of oil spray lubrication is provided by air compressor machine.
With reference to figure 1; the electrical control cubicles 31 that described automatic warning and active control stop is PLC electrical control cubicles 31; be provided with frequency converter and gauge tap in the described PLC electrical control cubicles; described PLC electrical control cubicles realizes vibration, temperature and current signal reported to the police and stops with control, and described gauge tap is in order to actions such as the energising that realizes electric main shaft, startup, forced stoppages.Wherein, the corresponding software of realizing electrical control cubicles 31 each several part functions is installed in the described electrical control cubicles.
Concrete, realize the stepless speed regulation of electric main shaft by frequency converter, the interlocking of PLC realization equipment, chain, state indication, control function.
Described PLC can realize stopping function based on the warning of vibration, temperature and current signal and control, only need artificial alarming value and the shutdown value that arranges separately on the liquid crystal display interface of PLC switch board, when vibratory output during greater than the vibration alarming setting value, vibration alarming, man-machine interface display alarm point, when vibratory output when shutting down setting value, shut down; When the temperature of key point during greater than the temperature alarming setting value, temperature alarming, man-machine interface display alarm point when temperature during greater than temperature shutdown value, is shut down; When electric main shaft output current during greater than the electric current alarm setting value, electric current is reported to the police, and man-machine interface display alarm value when electric current is shut down greater than electric current, is shut down, to prevent that motor and bearing from being damaged.
Described frequency converter can artificially arrange any rotating speed in order to the electric speed of mainshaft to be set on liquid crystal display, the electric main shaft in start back can be automatically rise to set rotating speed from zero, treat stabilization of speed after, can begin image data.
Described gauge tap is in order to actions such as the energising that realizes electric main shaft, startup, forced stoppages.
Described automatic warning and initiatively control stop system and refer to have and report to the police and control stops the electrical control cubicles 31 of function, the input signal of electrical control cubicles 31 is output signals of all the sensors except speed probe.Wherein, being used for warning automatically has with the signal of initiatively shutting down: the output current of acceleration transducer 15, displacement transducer 12 and 13, temperature sensor 16 and 23, electric main shaft 2.When arbitrary road signal in above-mentioned six road signals surpasses default alarming value; the electrical control cubicles LCDs is the display alarm symbol constantly; if signal continues to increase and surpasses when presetting the shutdown value, electrical control cubicles realizes initiatively shutting down by the control of PLC, with motor and the bearing of protecting electric main shaft 2.
Concrete, described T stage face 8 adopts wear-resisting casting pig casting, go out several inverted T shape grooves by being machined in its surface working, its surface of scraping to flatness reaches 0.02mm then, the testing table support 9 of T stage face 8 adopts the angle steel manufacturing, and filling up the thick rubber blanket in the 0.5mm left and right sides between T stage face 8 and the testing table support 9 with vibration damping, the mobile wheel 11 that testing table lifting screw 10 is installed at four feet places of testing table support 9 and is made by high-intensity resin is adjusted and the nigration platform by testing table lifting screw 10 and mobile wheel 11.
Described protective cover is made by the thick organic glass of 10mm or tempered glass, is placed on the periphery of electric main shaft and automatic balance head assembly, works to prevent that dust and particle from entering balancing head; Simultaneously, when mishap occurring in electric main shaft 2 boosting velocity procedures, can the reduction accident to operating personnel's injury.
In computing circuit, carry out spectrum analysis and can obtain the required control input signal of self-poise.The sensor signal that enters board units 29 has: one road acceleration signal, one road tach signal, two-way displacement signal, and wherein, acceleration signal and tach signal offer spectrum analysis, are automatic dynamically balanced input signals; The two-way displacement signal keeps its temporal signatures, is the input signal of orbit of shaft center.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) because electric front-end of spindle is installed automatic balance head, so the pretightning force of main shaft bearing transfers to maximum pretension, to prevent axial float thermal deformation measurement affected greatly; Simultaneously, the electromagnetic type that is controlled to be of balancing head is controlled, and has the noncontact characteristic, and is simple in structure
(2) self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform has casing vibration acceleration, shaft vibration displacement, critical component temperature, the axial thermal deformation of electric main shaft, the real-time measurement of rotating speed function of electric main shaft, simultaneously can finish spectrum analysis and axial track, can also realize when vibrating the working range of over balance head, initiatively report to the police and shutdown, have features such as hyperchannel, intellectuality and practicability; And after electric main shaft increases pretension, at electric front-end of spindle high accuracy displacement sensor is installed, is waited to shut down the axial thermal deformation of back approximate measure electricity main shaft, scheme is simple;
(3) self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform adopts inverted T shape slide block coupling shaft bearing and test table top in structural design, adopt flange that the balancing head stator is installed, adopt clearance fit and screw location to realize the installation of balancing head rotor, adopt the stent support testing table of belt wheel, embodied the design philosophy of " conveniently build, dismantle easily ";
(4) uneven simulation disk has triple role: the one, and to balancing head rotor location, the 2nd, the imbalance in the analog electrical main shaft operational process, the 3rd, in self-equilibrating electricity main shaft manufacture process, be used for finishing pre-equilibration on the machine;
(5) one road acceleration vibration signals and two-way displacement vibration signal all are one to be divided into three, one the tunnel removes to finish signal spectral analysis, orbit of shaft center and on-line dynamic balancing to board units, one the tunnel removes to finish spectrum analysis and analysis of orbit for the portable signal acquisition and analysis instrument, then with the result of board units contrast, the one tunnel goes to finish real-time implementation and based on warning and the shutdown of vibration signal to electrical control cubicles;
(6) the self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform protective cover that adopts high strength glass to make is done protection, both can reduce the injury of mishap to a certain extent, can prevent dust and iron filings again, and the running status that can observe self-equilibrating electricity main shaft by transparent glass easily, the unlatching of protective cover and closed by the hinge realization, simple and convenient.
(7) electric front-end of spindle is equipped with the quadrature eddy current displacement sensor, can monitor shaft vibration in real time, and obtain orbit of shaft center, and magnitude of vibrations and the orbit of shaft center of axle change in the time of estimating the operation of self-equilibrating electricity main shaft; And at bearing seat acceleration transducer has been installed, can have been monitored hull vibration in real time, can estimate the overall operation state of self-equilibrating electricity main shaft;
(8) electric main shaft has been installed the temperature of eight road temperature sensor measurement bearings, housing, stator coil, can obtain electric main shaft maximum temperature rise point, estimates the real-time temperature rise of electric main shaft in actual moving process simultaneously and changes;
(9) self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform integrated level height, be embodied in speed probe be integrated in balancing head stator interior, balancing head and electric main shaft seamless link be one, temperature sensor adopt the contact thermal resistance and be directly installed in the key position of electric main shaft, the housing that supervisory circuit is encapsulated in board units, the transmitter of all the sensors is integrated on the plank that insulate.
Provided by the invention electric main shaft is carried out the vibration monitoring analysis; on-line automatic balance; the test of temperature rise in real time; shut down axial thermal deformation test and warning automatically; the comprehensive test system that control stops; realized the evaluation to electric front-end of spindle (being the working end) vibration and orbit of shaft center; and realize the unbalanced real-Time Compensation of electric main shaft by automatic balance head within the specific limits; critical component temperature rise in the electric main shaft operational process is monitored in real time; and when shutting down, check its axial thermal deformation at every turn; when the level of vibration of electric main shaft and critical component temperature rise surpass alarm limit; system reports to the police automatically; after this; if vibration and temperature rise continue to raise; then initiatively shut down, to protect electric main shaft.
Claims (10)
1. self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform is characterized in that, comprises self-equilibrating electricity main shaft and support system, sensor and support system thereof, status monitoring and automatic-balancing system and reports to the police automatically and the control electrical control cubicles (31) of stopping initiatively;
Described self-equilibrating electricity main shaft and support system thereof, comprise that electric main shaft (2) and end face offer the testing table support (9) of standing groove, described electric main shaft (2) front end is equipped with the imbalance simulation disk (5) of balancing head and stable equilibrium head, described electric main shaft (2) is fixed on the T stage face (8) by front-end bearing pedestal (6) and rear bearing block (7), T stage face (8) is arranged in the standing groove of testing table support (9), and the place, four angles of described testing table support (9) bottom is provided with the testing table lifting screw (10) of regulating the testing table height;
Described sensor and support system thereof, comprise the acceleration transducer that obtains electric main shaft hull vibration in real time (15) that is installed on the front-end bearing pedestal (6), the front end of described electric main shaft (2) is installed two orthogonal displacement transducers (12,13), the front end of electricity main shaft (2) is equipped with the high accuracy displacement sensor (24) of measuring the axial thermal deformation of electric main shaft, high accuracy displacement sensor (24) is fixed on the T stage face (8) by second bearing (25), also be provided with the Fibre Optical Sensor (26) that is obtained from the balance electricity speed of mainshaft in the balancing head, electric main shaft is equipped with a plurality of temperature sensors on (2);
Described status monitoring and automatic-balancing system, comprise portable signal acquisition and analysis instrument (28), board units (29) and the computing machine (30) that is used for showing and preserving the board units result that links to each other with board units (29), described acceleration transducer (15), two orthogonal displacement transducers (12,13) and the signal that collects of high accuracy displacement sensor (24) enter into portable signal acquisition and analysis instrument (28) after through the integrated transducing unit of sensor signal (27), in the electrical control cubicles (31) that board units (29) and automatic warning and active control stop, enter into portable signal acquisition and analysis instrument (28) and board units (29) behind the signal process integrated transducing unit of sensor signal (27) that Fibre Optical Sensor (26) collects, enter into automatic warning behind the signal process integrated transducing unit of sensor signal (27) that described temperature sensor collects and initiatively control the electrical control cubicles (31) of stopping, described board units (29) comprises power supply (37) and the signal that the integrated transducing unit of sensor signal (27) comes out is isolated, the signal pre-processing circuit (38) of amplification and filtering, described signal pre-processing circuit (38) is input to pretreated signal in A/D sampling and the signal operation control circuit (39), and A/D sampling and signal operation control circuit (39) will be controlled balancing head and be input to balancing head driving circuit (40) at the signal of line balance.
2. self-equilibrating according to claim 1 electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform, it is characterized in that, offer the inverted T shape groove on the described T stage face (8), bolt passes front-end bearing pedestal (6), rear bearing block (7) and be positioned over threaded slide block in the inverted T shape groove after with front-end bearing pedestal (6), rear bearing block (7) is fixed in the inverted T shape groove, described T stage face (8) is gone up by hinge (36) protective cover (35) that prevents dust and particle that rises that covers on electric main shaft and automatic balance head assembly outside is installed, and described testing table support (9) bottom also is provided with the mobile wheel (11) for the nigration platform.
3. self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, is lined with rubber blanket between described T stage face (8) and the testing table support (9);
Described protective cover is that organic glass or the tempered glass of 9～11mm is made by thickness;
Described front-end bearing pedestal (6) and rear bearing block (7) comprise loam cake and following, and upper cover top surface is arranged to the plane, offer shallow slot in the middle part of following the bottom surface; Front-end bearing pedestal (6) and rear bearing block (7) adopt the Q235 steel to make, and the two structure is identical, lays respectively at front bearing and the rear bearing place of electric main shaft (2).
4. self-equilibrating according to claim 1 electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform, it is characterized in that, described balancing head is the electromagnetic type balancing head, the electromagnetic type balancing head comprises balancing head stator (1) and balance head rotor (4), and balancing head stator (1) covers on (3) greatly before being installed in electric main shaft by flange (32); Described balancing head rotor (4) is installed to electric main shaft (2) front end by clearance fit, and fixes by the screw (33) that holds out against on the imbalance simulation disk (5) of threaded (34).
5. according to claim 1 or 4 described self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platforms, it is characterized in that described uneven simulation disk (5) upper edge circumferentially offers the counterweight hole (41) that is used for the analog main shaft eccentric mass that two circles vary in size.
6. self-equilibrating according to claim 1 electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform, it is characterized in that, eight temperature sensors are installed on the described electric main shaft (2), eight temperature sensors are respectively the temperature sensor (16 that is mounted on the corresponding housing of electric main shaft (2) front end duplex bearing outer ring, 19), be mounted on the temperature sensor (20) on electric main shaft (2) central enclosure, be mounted on the temperature sensor (21) of electric main shaft housing rear end, be installed on the temperature sensor (17 on electric main shaft (2) the front end duplex bearing outer ring by being threaded, 18), be installed on the temperature sensor (22) at electric main shaft (2) rear end bearing place vertically, be installed on the temperature sensor (23) in the electric main shaft stator winding.
7. self-equilibrating according to claim 6 electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform, it is characterized in that, described temperature sensor is thermal resistance temperature sensor, thermal resistance temperature sensor is PT100 contact platinum resistance sensor, wherein, four thermal resistance temperature sensors of two front bearing corresponding housing, electric main shaft housing middle part, electric main shaft housing rear end are the surface-adhered type sensor.
8. self-equilibrating according to claim 1 electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform, it is characterized in that, the integrated transducing unit of described sensor signal (27) comprises that several signals that each sensor is collected become the transmitter that send, several transmitters are arranged on the testing table support (9) after being integrated on the insulation plank.
9. self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that described displacement transducer (12,13) is ICP type eddy current displacement sensor; Two orthogonal ICP type eddy current displacement sensors are fixed on the T stage face (8) by first bearing (14) and threaded slide block, and keep the distance of 0.8～1.2mm between displacement sensor probe surface and electric main shaft (2) periphery;
Described acceleration transducer (15) is ICP type piezoelectric acceleration sensor, acceleration transducer (15) by self with magnetic support be adsorbed on the end face of front-end bearing pedestal;
Described high accuracy displacement sensor (24) is current vortex type high accuracy displacement sensor, current vortex type high accuracy displacement sensor is fixed on the T stage face (8) by second bearing (25) and threaded slide block, and current vortex type high accuracy displacement sensor is popped one's head in over against electric front-end of spindle face; Wherein, to be ground to flatness be the 1um level to electric front-end of spindle face;
Described Fibre Optical Sensor (26) is reflective optical sensor, reflective optical sensor is installed in the balancing head stator interior, and the reflective optical sensor probe is over against balancing head rotor periphery, and the two keeps 4～6mm distance reflective optical sensor and balancing head rotor periphery; Be provided with the black reflective marker at the balancing head rotor surface.
10. self-equilibrating electricity main shaft comprehensive performance test platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that described automatic warning and the electrical control cubicles of initiatively controlling in stopping (31) are the PLC electrical control cubicles, are provided with frequency converter and gauge tap in the PLC electrical control cubicles;
Electric main shaft monitoring running state and self-poise software are installed on the described computing machine (30);
Described electric main shaft adopts accurate water cooling unit and oil mist lubricator to its cooling and lubricated.
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