A kind of green synthesis method with the carbon point of upper down-conversion fluorescent
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparation field of fluorescent carbon point, be specifically related to a kind of green synthesis method of carbon point.
Background technology
Fluorescent carbon point is as a kind of novel fluorescence nano material, because its good water-soluble, intrinsic unreactiveness, simple chemically modified, higher fast light bleaching, hypotoxicity and good biocompatibility make carbon point be subject to investigator's attention.A lot of method in recent years, such as electrochemical oxidation, hydro-thermal, acid heat solution, template preparation, microwave, ultrasonic, arc-over and laser-induced thermal etching etc. are all used to synthetic fluorescent carbon point.Most of its synthesis device of synthetic method and the costliness of material are, the non-feature of environmental protection of the complexity of operation, by product has limited its suitability for industrialized production and in the widespread use of every field.Wherein hydrothermal method is simple to operate, process is controlled, mild condition is acknowledged as best synthetic method.Utilizing in the method for hydrothermal synthesis of carbon point is that to adopt the small molecules of carbon containing be raw material mostly, or in water-heat process, adds some other materials, thereby such as acid, alkali, inorganic salt or organic solvent change the carbon point that thermal and hydric environment obtains better character.Recently the green material of usining becomes the focus of research as the synthetic fluorescent carbon point of carbon source, because take green material, has the advantages such as low cost, environmental protection as the synthetic carbon point of carbon source.At present, Lu and the member of seminar thereof use pomelo peel to realize Hg as fluorescent probe as carbon source synthesizing blue fluorescent carbon point and with it
2+sensitive Detection; The pyrolysis orange juice in alcohol solvent such as Sahu obtains high strength fluorescent carbon point; Zhou etc. have also obtained by Watermelon rind the fluorescent carbon point that quantum yield is 7.1% by one step hydro thermal method.Yet the carbon that these green synthesis methods obtain is put its lower fluorescence quantum yield and is used auxiliary or the organic solvents such as inorganics; The unicity of its light and the susceptibility of pH etc. has been limited to its widespread use in chemistry, environment, biology and life science, and the synthetic carbon point of these methods has no report, and it possesses upper conversion function.
Up-conversion luminescence is based on two-photon or multiphoton process, luminescence center absorbs two or more photons in succession, through radiationless relaxation, reach luminous energy level, thereby transit to ground state, produce short wavelength photons, be about to low frequency exciting light and convert high frequency utilizing emitted light to.Near infrared light has also brought many advantages as its excitaton source, as darker light penetration depth, to biological tissue, almost not damaged, biological tissue can luminous (without background fluorescences) etc.Traditional up-conversion luminescent material is mainly based on rare earth ion doped gained micron or nanoparticle.But this up-conversion is based on rare earth metal, its building-up process complex operation, resulting materials particle large and synthetic after mostly need to modify, therefore increased the Operating Complexity of application.Relative rare earth up-conversion, the carbon point with up-conversion fluorescence character is synthetic simple, and particle only has several nanometers, does not need rear modification; The environmental protection of carbon point, has less toxicity simultaneously.Therefore, the up-conversion fluorescence of carbon point has wide application space.
The synthetic method of existing carbon point mostly needs a few step operations such as pre-treatment, with strong acid or surface passivation agent, assists and synthesize.Therefore, the apparatus expensive that its synthetic method is used, complicated operation, by-product contamination is serious; Synthetic carbon point stability of photoluminescence is poor, and optical property is subject to extraneous interference and luminous single.And the carbon point that the green cheap raw material of take is at present carbon source Hydrothermal Synthesis scarcely has up conversion property or its up-conversion fluorescence character is poor, and the analytical applications based on its up-conversion fluorescence have not been reported.Therefore be necessary to find a kind of simple, method that the cheap raw material of take synthesizes the fluorescent carbon point with upper and lower transition function as carbon source.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a kind ofly take cheap raw material as carbon source, take water as solvent, the green synthetic fluorescent carbon point with upper and lower conversion character.The method synthesis step is simple, does not need pre-treatment operation, does not need to assist and synthesize with strong acid or surface passivation agent, and raw material is cheap and easy to get, and synthesis condition gentleness is controlled, environmental protection, and fluorescence quantum yield is high, the resistance to bleaching of light and good stability.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A synthetic method with the fluorescent carbon point of upper and lower transition function, concrete steps are:
1) capsicum sheet is added to the water, wherein the mass ratio of capsicum sheet and water is: capsicum sheet: water=1-8:1, evenly mix, and obtain mixture;
2) mixture is transferred in water heating kettle to hydro-thermal 2 h-10 h at 120 ℃-200 ℃;
3) cooling, filter, obtain brown liquid, will after the centrifugal 10-20 of brown liquid minute, get supernatant liquor, by supernatant liquor interception, be 3500 dialysis tubing dialysis, collect the peritoneal effluent after 10-30 hour with dialysis, obtain fluorescent carbon point.
Described in step 1), the mass ratio of capsicum sheet and water is preferably: capsicum sheet: water=2-4:1.
Step 2) preferred hydro-thermal 4-6h at 170 ℃-190 ℃.
Step 2) preferred hydro-thermal 5h at 180 ℃.
Step 3) is preferably 3500 dialysis tubing dialysis by supernatant liquor interception, collects the peritoneal effluent after 20 hours with dialysis.
With respect to existing, take cheap raw material for the method for carbon source hydrothermal synthesis of carbon point, present method does not adopt any additive and uses organic and inorganic reagent, only adopt capsicum and water as reactant, by optimizing the carbon point that recently obtains excellent properties of hydro-thermal time, hydrothermal temperature, raw material and water.Gained carbon is put its fluorescence quantum yield and up conversion property, and to be better than be greatly the synthetic carbon point of carbon source mainly with biomaterial.
Use capsicum for the synthetic fluorescent carbon point with upper and lower conversion character of carbon source, on it, down-conversion fluorescent wavelength is adjustable, can utilize down-conversion fluorescent character on it to realize dual signal detection to hypochlorite.For example, use down-conversion fluorescent and detect the hypochlorite in tap water in dual signal mode, increased reliability and the sensitivity of its detection.On it, under down-conversion fluorescent spectrum and ultraviolet lamp, pictorial diagram is shown in accompanying drawing 3-5.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1, the method raw material is cheap and easy to get, preparation technology is simple, and synthesis condition gentleness is controlled; Its building-up process is not used chemical additive and is produced pollutent, process environmental protection.
2, the prepared carbon point of the method does not need multistep purifying, separation, and carbon point fluorescence quantum yield is high, reaches 19.2%, is applicable to large-scale industrial production.
3, prepared carbon point good water solubility and the good stability of the method, fast light whitening capacity is strong.At room temperature place some months or continuous light, in high ion concentration and different pH environment its stable luminescence, see accompanying drawing 6-9.
4, the prepared carbon point of the method has very strong upper down-conversion fluorescent, can dual signal detect the hypochlorite in tap water, and its optic response character is shown in accompanying drawing 10-11.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the fluorescent carbon point operational flowchart of green synthetic upper and lower conversion character.
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope photo of the stable fluorescent carbon point prepared of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that gained carbon of the present invention is put the down-conversion fluorescent spectrogram under different excitation wavelengths.
Fig. 4 is that gained carbon of the present invention is put the up-conversion fluorescence spectrogram under different excitation wavelengths.
Fig. 5 is the photo of the stable fluorescent carbon nano-particles prepared of the present invention under ultra violet lamp.
Gained carbon point change in fluorescence figure in Fig. 6 mono-month.
Fig. 7 gained carbon point change in fluorescence figure in different pH.
Fig. 8 gained carbon point change in fluorescence figure in different ionic strength solution.
Fig. 9 gained carbon point fluorescence time scan figure; This carbon point has very strong fast light bleaching.
Figure 10 is fluorescent carbon point down-conversion fluorescent experimental result to clorox sensing in phosphate buffer soln prepared by the present invention; A is the fluorescence spectrum while there is no hypochlorous acid, and b is the fluorescence spectrum of 0.4mmol hypochlorous acid while existing.Show that hypochlorite is sensitive to this carbon point fluorescence response.
Figure 11 is fluorescent carbon point up-conversion fluorescence experimental result to clorox sensing in phosphate buffer soln prepared by the present invention, and wherein a is the fluorescence spectrum while there is no hypochlorous acid, and b is the fluorescence spectrum under 0.4mmol hypochlorous acid exists.Up-conversion fluorescence has increased to the sensitive response of hypochlorite the reliability and the sensitivity that detect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
embodiment 1:
A method of preparing excellent properties fluorescent carbon point, comprises following operating process, and synthetic route chart is shown in Fig. 1:
Take and eat red pepper as carbon source, water is solvent.The clean fresh chilli sheet of 4 g adds 1 g water, is transferred in the water heating kettle of 25 mL hydro-thermal 5 h at 180 ℃ after evenly mixing.Be cooled to after room temperature, discard large foreign material, obtain brown mixed solution, under 13 krpm, after centrifugal 15 min, get supernatant liquor.By supernatant liquor interception, be 3500 dialysis tubing dialysis 24 hours, collect dialyzate.
The carbon point making is dispersed in deionized water, obtain wavelength of transmitted light within the scope of 400nm-600nm, to be 19.2% have upper and lower conversion character fluorescent carbon point to quantum yield.
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope photo of the stable fluorescent carbon point prepared of the present invention.Fig. 3 is that gained carbon of the present invention is put the down-conversion fluorescent spectrogram under different excitation wavelengths.This carbon point down-conversion fluorescent maximum emission wavelength is at 450nm place, and its wavelength is adjustable, and optical property is stable.Fig. 4 is that gained carbon of the present invention is put the up-conversion fluorescence spectrogram under different excitation wavelengths; Its up-conversion fluorescence maximum emission peak is at 470nm place, and wavelength is adjustable, and optical property is synchronized with down-conversion fluorescent.Fig. 5 is the photo (former figure be photochrome) of the stable fluorescent carbon nano-particles prepared of the present invention under ultra violet lamp.Gained carbon point change in fluorescence figure in Fig. 6 mono-month; This figure shows carbon point good water solubility, and gained carbon point fluorescence is not affected by the medium material of air.Fig. 7 gained carbon point change in fluorescence figure in different pH; The fluorescence of this carbon point light intensity in different pH is stable, is suitable for the analytical applications of various Acid-Base Systems.Fig. 8 gained carbon point change in fluorescence figure in different ionic strength solution; The anti-high ionic strength character of this fluorescence shows its potential application in bioanalysis.Fig. 9 gained carbon point fluorescence time scan figure, this carbon point has very strong fast light bleaching.
Figure 10 is fluorescent carbon point down-conversion fluorescent experimental result to clorox sensing in phosphate buffer soln prepared by the present invention; A is the fluorescence spectrum while there is no hypochlorous acid, and b is the fluorescence spectrum of 0.4mmol hypochlorous acid while existing.Show that hypochlorite is sensitive to this carbon point fluorescence response.Figure 11 is fluorescent carbon point up-conversion fluorescence experimental result to clorox sensing in phosphate buffer soln prepared by the present invention, and wherein a is the fluorescence spectrum while there is no hypochlorous acid, and b is the fluorescence spectrum under 0.4mmol hypochlorous acid exists.Up-conversion fluorescence has increased to the sensitive response of hypochlorite the reliability and the sensitivity that detect.
embodiment 2;
The edible red pepper of maturation of take is carbon source, and water is solvent.Get after the clean capsicum of 4g shreds and add 1g water, be sealed in water heating kettle hydro-thermal 2h at 180 ℃.
Reaction finishes to take out still and is cooled to room temperature, filters out large particulate matter, gets its mixed solution centrifugal removing compared with macroparticle material under 13krpm, and supernatant liquor is transferred in beaker.By supernatant liquor interception, be 3500 dialysis tubing dialysis 24 hours, collect dialyzate.Its fluorescence quantum yield is 14.8%.
embodiment 3;
The edible red pepper of maturation of take is carbon source, and water is solvent.Get after the clean capsicum of 4g shreds and add 1g water, be sealed in water heating kettle hydro-thermal 5h at 140 ℃.
Reaction finishes to take out still and is cooled to room temperature, filters out large particulate matter, gets its mixed solution centrifugal removing compared with macroparticle material under 13krpm, and supernatant liquor is transferred in beaker.By supernatant liquor interception, be 3500 dialysis tubing dialysis 24 hours, collect dialyzate.Its fluorescence quantum yield is 15.6%.