CN103265145A - Method for purifying river water with low load and low temperature by using natural biofilm reactor - Google Patents
Method for purifying river water with low load and low temperature by using natural biofilm reactor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生态与环境保护领域，涉及农田片区低负荷河水净化领域，尤其涉及一种利用自然生物膜反应器净化低负荷低温河水的方法，包括如下步骤：（1）自然生物膜富集和培养：直接用河道水体为“种源”进行藻、菌等微生物的富集和培养；（2）低温自然生物膜驯化：对预培养好的自然生物膜再分阶段降低培养温度，温度降低梯度为每2天降低1度，直到降低到培养温度在0-4℃之间；（3）低温自然生物膜接种至反应器；（4）自然生物膜反应器调试运行：通过调节浮体和反应器重量，调节反应器的水力负荷和停留时间；（5）自然生物膜反应器水质净化。本发明简单易行，对农田片区河道水质净化效果好，便于推广，同时解决了冬季污染物去除效率不高的问题。
The invention belongs to the field of ecology and environmental protection, relates to the field of low-load river water purification in farmland areas, and particularly relates to a method for purifying low-load low-temperature river water using a natural biofilm reactor, including the following steps: (1) natural biofilm enrichment and cultivation : Directly use the river water body as the "provenance" to enrich and cultivate microorganisms such as algae and bacteria; (2) Low-temperature natural biofilm domestication: reduce the cultivation temperature of the pre-cultivated natural biofilm in stages, and the temperature decrease gradient is Decrease 1 degree every 2 days until the culture temperature is between 0-4°C; (3) Low-temperature natural biofilm is inoculated into the reactor; (4) Natural biofilm reactor commissioning: by adjusting the weight of the floating body and the reactor , adjust the hydraulic load and residence time of the reactor; (5) water purification of natural biofilm reactor. The invention is simple and easy to implement, has a good effect of purifying the water quality of river courses in farmland areas, is easy to popularize, and simultaneously solves the problem of low removal efficiency of pollutants in winter.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecology and field of environment protection, relate to underload river water cleaning field, section, farmland, relate in particular to a kind of method of utilizing the natural biology membrane reactor to purify underload low temperature river.
Background technology
At present, the body eutrophication problem is just having a strong impact on existent environment of people.Over nearly 10 years, China's rivers, storehouse, lake eutrophication are very serious and be degradating trend.In more than 700 river of China (length overall 100,000 kms), 70.6% river is polluted.It is dangerous that China rural area has people more than 300,000,000 to drink water, and wherein about more than 6,300 ten thousand people drink water of high fluorine content, and 2,000,000 people drink high arsenic water, and more than 3,800 ten thousand people drink brackish water, and 1.9 hundred million people's tap water harmful substance contents exceed standard, and about more than 1,100 ten thousand people in schistosomicide lesion drink water dangerous; Quite a few urban water resource is seriously polluted, threatens quality of drinking water.
The farmland pollution of area source is one of China's principal mode of going into dystrophication load, and the discharging of farmland pollution of area source has brought the pollutent of a lot of underloads for river course nearby.Because this pollutant underload has brought a lot of new challenges for conventional treatment process, the cost performance of handling as traditional activated sludge process is not high.
At present, be divided into two classes at the treatment process of this class underload river, a class is original position purification of water quality method, another kind ofly is the bypass method of purification (claiming the dystopy facture again).The bypass method of purification namely is to utilize the vacant lot on both sides, river course, builds the river water cleaning system, as wet land treating system, biological pond, soil filtration etc.For example: go into the lake pollution load for what cut down the Dian Chi, the thinking design that purifies based on bypass has also made up the Biostatic pool system that comprises the waterplant pool and culture the pool, has investigated the removal effect to nitrogen, phosphorus.The result shows that this system is to TN, TP, NO
3 --N and NH
3The average removal rate of-N is respectively 25.3%, 50.6%, 38.4% and 35.6%, also has certain ecoscape benefit when improving water quality, and the purification that can be other water body provides demonstration.The characteristics of the bypass method of purification are exactly to build economically viable treatment system in conjunction with the river water quality characteristics, but this class bypass method of purification needs the power water lift usually, has increased processing costs, also need increase manpower and manage and protect.
Therefore, there is research that this bypass purifying method is carried out upgrading, as construction that bypath system is combined with traditional sewage purification system (as denitrification dephosphorization system).Patent of invention (application number 201110159014.4) proposes a kind of bypass mud decrement, silt separation and denitrogenation dephosphorizing Sewage treatment systems and method at the water inlet sediment concentration height that often runs in the present denitrification dephosphorization technique, problems such as VSS/MLSS is on the low side, carbon source deficiency, is made up of the main body Sewage treatment systems with denitrogenation dephosphorizing function and bypath system two portions.The main body Sewage treatment systems comprises settling pit and has the Sewage treatment systems of denitrogenation dephosphorizing function.Bypath system is made up of hair separator, mud decrement pond, mud silt separator and silt dewatering system and chemical phosphorus removal system.This way that combines with bypass clean-up system and build, can prevent that silt from accumulating in Sewage treatment systems, promote mud VSS/MISS ratio in the biochemical reaction tank, in embedded bypath system, be aided with chemical dephosphorization, can realize that the low-cost chemistry of sewage phosphorus is removed and reclaimed.
Yet at the river sewage of low pollution load, cleaning project is built in this large-area wasteland of method needs that relates to bypass clean-up system, should not adopt in the area of land resources deficiency or the area of land resources costliness.
Given this, in actual riverway water quality purification case, original position purification of water quality method is used more extensive, also has reasonable prospect.From ecological angle, original position is improved water quality, improves self-purification capacity and the restorer of river course aquatic ecosystem, also is the only way of river channel ecology system sustainable and healthy development.
Original position purification of water quality method mainly utilizes the biomembrance process principle to purify river water quality.Biomembrance process is a kind of important method for biologically treating wastewater, and it is to rely on the microflora be attached on the carrier to absorb and N, P, COD and other pollution substance of degrading waste water reach decontamination effect improving.Under anaerobic, anaerobion can be handled the waste water of high density within a short period of time and larger molecular organics matter is degraded to low molecular compound, and then is converted into methane, carbonic acid gas; Under aeration condition, aerobic microbiological can reduce in the water COD and absorption of N, P reaches the effect of purifying waste water.
Because bio-reactor is fixed biofilm well, regulate microbial film and form structure; Biomembranous biomass and activity are controlled in setting that can be by the conditioned reaction device, and therefore, bio-reactor is used in the purification of water quality more extensive in position, also has good prospect in river original position field of purification.By concluding, the typical case that this class utilizes reactor to purify waste water comprises as follows:
Sequence batch (integrated film bio-reactor (patent of invention number: 03133571.3), in same reaction tank, realize aerobic, anoxic, three kinds of environment of anaerobism, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants is fully removed.
Batched membrane-bioreactor effluent treatment process and device (patent of invention number: 03100398.2) in biological reaction tank, put into membrane module, and its outlet is connected respectively with rising pipe with inlet pipe by two groups of by-pass valve controls, total system alternately experiences anaerobism, aerobic, anoxic condition in time, can carry out effectively removing synchronously to nutritive elements such as carbon containing organic pollutant and nitrogen, phosphorus.
(patent of invention number: 201080057245.8) the multi-stage biological reactor in settling tank, each cell comprise framework and a plurality of net substrate that is mechanically secured to framework of hollow to the multi-stage biological reactor, and substrate is arranged to growth microorganism on it.
(patent of invention number: 201210176953.4) Mn-bearing waste water at first enters primary clarifier through submersible pump to the flow lifting type microorganism reactor treatment process of Mn-bearing waste water, after elementary precipitation process, then enter the aerobe reaction tank of two series connection continuously via in-line pump, water inlet is controlled by intake pump, the water of discharging from the reaction tank of series connection then enters the three layer filtration pond, and the water of discharging from the three layer filtration pond is the clear water after handling.
(the patent of invention number: when 201210014485.0) having solved existing Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment micro-polluted surface water of the regulate and control method of microorganism active in the membrane bioreactor, reason such as lower or low temperature causes biological activity and biomass in the membrane bioreactor to reduce owing to former water organic concentration, the problem of water treatment deleterious.
Non-woven fabrics flco bioreactor of dynamic membrane (patent of invention number: 201010512396.X) comprise reaction zone, flco grow up district and non-woven membrane assembly, be provided with non-woven membrane in the non-woven membrane assembly, in the surperficial and inner Dynamic Membrane that is provided with the flco formation that the colloidalmaterial cohesion produces in the sewage of non-woven membrane.
Fluidized-bed membrane bioreactor (patent of invention number: 201010571203.8) utilize biological fluidized bed and membrane bioreactor process combined, be to fill by the carrier granule about the homemade diameter 5mm of waste Crumb rubber, gac and tackiness agent in the reactor, the filling ratio is the 10%-30% of reactor useful volume.Rely on the synergy of carrier and mud, finish biofilm, microorganism growth has reduced sludge concentration in the reactor, has changed reactor environment operational conditions and decelerating membrane pollution, thereby prolonged the work-ing life of film on filler, has improved the processing power of film.
A kind of membrane bioreactor and the method for purifying waste water thereof (patent of invention number: 201010571203.8) disclose a kind of membrane bioreactor that microorganism reactor and film filter branch are arranged, prolonged the work-ing life of membrane bioreactor, remove the cleaning trouble of operator to film filter from, improved product water efficient.
Though these representational bio-reactors have purified sewage to a certain extent well, have protected environment.But temperature is an important factor that influences the microorganism physiological activity, descends low temperature may delay or destroy the normal physiological activity of certain micro-organisms at low temperature environment usually, thereby influences wastewater treatment efficiency.Therefore, can before operation, screen the microorganism on the carrier earlier, select low temperature resistant microorganism and form microbial film at last, can under the condition of low temperature, purify waste water.
Simultaneously, at the river water quality of low pollution load, though patent of invention (publication number 201210014485.0) has proposed the regulate and control method of microorganism active in the membrane bioreactor of micro-polluted surface water treatment, its effect that purifies water has to be tested.In addition, low pollution load water quality, it is living microorganism existence that enough nutrients may not be provided, therefore, cultivation can self-ly be survived and the microbial film group of self-recycle is the prerequisite that realizes low pollution load sewage disposal.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, a kind of method of utilizing the natural biology membrane reactor to purify underload low temperature river is provided.This is invented, and production can self-ly be survived and the natural biology film of self-recycle, and this microbial film can tolerate low temperature, handles low temperature underload sewage.This is a kind of new design and construction mode, and it will reach natural biology film that cultivation is made of autotrophy and heterotrophic microorganism, purify the dual purpose of the low pollution load low temperature river in section, farmland.The present invention is target to handle low pollution load river sewage winter, adopt the work thinking of " subregion, classification, multistage " and " domestication natural biology film earlier; immobilization natural biology film again; bioreactor for constructing ", design according to the operational path of " water inlet-just sink-aerobic (illumination)-anaerobism (illumination)-overflow-water outlet ".
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is: utilize the natural biology membrane reactor to purify the method for underload low temperature river, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) enrichment of natural biology film and cultivation: the artificial pasture and water that will purchase use 0.1M salt acid soak after 2 hours, dry, being placed in the eutrophication water, is enrichment under the 20-40 ℃ of condition, cultivation natural biology film in intensity of illumination greater than 3600 Lux, temperature;
(2) low temperature natural biology film domestication: will continue to cultivate at the pre-incubated natural biology film of temperature 20-40 ℃ enrichment, and reduce culture temperature stage by stage, up to being reduced to culture temperature between 0-4 ℃; In 0-4 ℃ temperature range, continue to cultivate for some time, low temperature natural biology film is namely regarded as and is tamed successfully, for future use;
(3) low temperature natural biology film is seeded to reactor: reactor comprises anaerobic reation pool, aerobic reaction pond, settling tank, filler, light source, aerating apparatus;
(4) natural biology membrane reactor commissioning test: the natural biology membrane reactor is fixed on the buoyancy aid, make the reactor water inlet just as for the water surface, in the aeration situation is gone to river water inflow reactor, the reactor aerobic section is negative pressure, river and natural biology film produce reaction, and pollution substance is transformed, degrades, adsorbs and absorbs;
(5) natural biology membrane reactor purification of water quality: a plurality of natural biology membrane reactors are laid in the river water body, river are carried out original position purify.
Further technical scheme comprises:
The eutrophication index of eutrophication water is greater than 50 in the step (1), and artificial pasture and water and eutrophication water volume ratio are less than 1:2.
Step (1) described natural biology film enrichment and cultivation, the eutrophic water that is used for enrichment and cultivates the natural biology film need contain microorganisms such as algae, bacterium, therefore, in fact derives from the eutrophic water of getting at the natural biology film its " provenance " of enrichment.The eutrophic water that gather the different location, the natural biology membrane micro group of its cultivation forms may be different, and its removal effect to pollutent also there are differences, but the removal efficient of basic pollutent such as organism, nitrogen, phosphorus is more or less the same.
It is as follows to reduce the concrete mode of culture temperature in the step (2) stage by stage: it is reduction in per two days 1 degree that temperature reduces gradient, up to being reduced to culture temperature between 0-4 ℃, in 0-4 ℃ temperature range, continues to cultivate a week.
The described low temperature natural biology of step (3) film is seeded to reactor, and dissolved oxygen content remains on below 0.2 mg/L in the anaerobic reation pool water body in the reactor; Dissolved oxygen content remains on more than 6.0 mg/L in the water body of aerobic reaction pond; Filler is made up of gac, peat, sponge, fiber, non-woven fabrics, and the formation part by weight is 0.1 ~ 0.5:0.5 ~ 2.0:0.1 ~ 1.0:0.2 ~ 0.8:0.1 ~ 0.5; Light source is laid in below the water surface, is made of common incandescent watertight light fitting, and intensity of illumination is greater than 3600 Lux; Aerating apparatus is made of the pump of breeding fish (being small-sized aeration pump).
Further, the natural biology film is inoculated into the concrete step of reactor and is in the step (3): with enrichment the carrier of natural biology film (being aforesaid artificial pasture and water) with scissors cut short long to 0.1-0.5 cm after, put into the filler of reactor, enrichment the access amount of carrier of natural biology film be the 0.5-5% of total filler amount.
In the step (4), by regulating buoyancy aid and reactor weight, the hydraulic load of conditioned reaction device and the residence time.
Further, the described natural biology membrane reactor of step (4) commissioning test, when river eutrophication degree was low, when namely eutrophication index circle was between 30 and 50, the hydraulic detention time operated by rotary motion was at 12-24 hour; When river eutrophication degree was higher, when namely eutrophication index circle was between 50 and 70, the hydraulic detention time operated by rotary motion was at 24-48 hour; When river eutrophication degree was very high, namely the eutrophication index was greater than 70 o'clock, and the hydraulic detention time operated by rotary motion was at 48-72 hour.
The described natural biology membrane reactor of step (5) purification of water quality, (being generally summer) when rainy season takes out the natural biology membrane reactor from the river course, be placed on indoor shady and cool part (temperature is lower than 15 ℃), to guarantee natural biology membrane micro activity, need acclimated microorganism again when avoiding using natural biology membrane reactor purifying river water next winter.Simultaneously, take out the natural biology film rainy season, also is beneficial to river course flood discharge, irrigation and drainage.
Further, per 100 square meter rivers are laid a natural biology membrane reactor in the step (5).
Winter, river was under natural biology membrane reactor original position purifies, nutritive substance in the river water body constantly reduces, organic pollution load reaches continuous decomposition, degraded, the heavy metal contaminants of the low pollution load of part also obtains removing or transforming, and has reached the purpose of winter low temperature riverway water quality purification at last.
Technique effect following (average results that sampling in winter is 6 times) before and after the invention process: before the enforcement, contain a large amount of total suspended matter (TSS), organism in the river water body (with COD and UV
254The nm-matter ultraviolet absorptivity is represented), nitrogen and phosphorus content and a small amount of heavy metal such as Hg, Cr, Cu, Cd, after natural biology membrane reactor of the present invention was used, these pollution substances were purified substantially, the pollutent reduction rate reaches 75% above (see figure 2).
Simple, the easy row of the inventive method, it is effective to purify river water quality in the winter time.Compare with traditional riverway water quality purification technology (as artificial floating bed, add chemical agent etc.), method of the present invention has effect stability, processing efficiency and is not subjected to low temperature effect, construction cost is low, running cost is low characteristics.The natural biology film of invention has once the characteristics that drop into, use for many years, and the natural biology film of domestication can life-time service, and can multiply kin microbial population, further lowers running cost.In addition, the natural biology membrane reactor can not influence normal flood discharge and the irrigation and drainage in river course during using, and is convenient to promote.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure iron of natural biology membrane reactor;
Fig. 2 purifies the river sewage design sketch winter for natural biology film of the present invention;
Wherein, 1 settling tank, 2 anaerobic reation pools, 3 aerobic reaction ponds, 4 settling tanks, 5 water outlets, 6 fillers, 7 light sources, 8 aerating apparatuss.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 in detail technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail.
Utilize the natural biology membrane reactor to purify the method for underload low temperature river, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) enrichment of natural biology film and cultivation: the artificial pasture and water that will purchase use 0.1M salt acid soak after 2 hours, dry, being placed in the eutrophication water, is enrichment under the 20-40 ℃ of condition, cultivation natural biology film in intensity of illumination greater than 3600 Lux, temperature;
(2) low temperature natural biology film domestication: will continue to cultivate at the pre-incubated natural biology film of temperature 20-40 ℃ enrichment, and reduce culture temperature stage by stage, up to being reduced to culture temperature between 0-4 ℃; In 0-4 ℃ temperature range, continue to cultivate for some time, low temperature natural biology film is namely regarded as and is tamed successfully, for future use;
(3) low temperature natural biology film is seeded to reactor: reactor comprises settling tank 1, anaerobic reation pool 2, aerobic reaction pond 3, settling tank 4, water outlet 5, filler 6, light source 7, aerating apparatus 8;
(4) natural biology membrane reactor commissioning test: the natural biology membrane reactor is fixed on the buoyancy aid, make the reactor water inlet just as for the water surface, in the aeration situation is gone to river water inflow reactor, the reactor aerobic section is negative pressure, river and natural biology film produce reaction, and pollution substance is transformed, degrades, adsorbs and absorbs;
(5) natural biology membrane reactor purification of water quality: a plurality of natural biology membrane reactors are laid in the river water body, river are carried out original position purify.
Embodiment 1: a lake is a typical eutrophic lake near the bridge of oil mill, Nanjing, to gather the river enrichment of returning in its ingoing river and to cultivate the natural biology film, is the carrier of natural biology film with artificial pasture and water.The enrichment of natural biology film and cultivation are after 35 days, and beginning reduces culture temperature with the gradient that reduced by 1 degree in per 2 days, and after culture temperature was 4 ℃, continuation was cultivated 7 days under this temperature.Bio-reactor comprises settling tank, anaerobic reation pool, aerobic reaction pond, settling tank, hand-stuff, and the shared overall reactor of above each several part is long-pending than being 10%, 30%, 30%, 10%, 20%.Hand-stuff is made up of gac, peat, sponge, fiber, non-woven fabrics, and the formation part by weight is 0.1:0.5:0.1:0.2:0.1.Utilize common LED water proof lamp to be light source, utilize the common pump of breeding fish to be aerator pump (power 3.2W).To adhere to the carrier of natural biology film with scissors and shear, inoculation is gone in the filler of bio-reactor, and inoculum size is about 1% of total filler amount.Because experimental session river course eutrophication index circle is between 30 and 50, therefore, by regulating the size of buoyancy aid, setting natural biology membrane reactor hydraulic detention time is 24 hours.
By scheduling to last bimestrial experiment in winter, the result is presented at the application of natural biology membrane reactor, can purify river sewage preferably, removes the underload pollution substance.TSS, COD, UV254nm-matter, TN, TP, Hg, Cr, the average removal rate of Cu and Cd is respectively 89.3%, 75.4%, and 80.3%, 81.2%, 79.6%, 84.4%, 80.6%, 83.2% and 89.3%.
Embodiment 2: the Kunming Daqinghe River is the main ingoing river of Dian Chi, and the both sides, river course are leek and fresh flower plantation farming district, and river water quality is in serious eutrophication state, and the eutrophication index contains the heavy metal contaminants of a small amount of underload greater than 70.For purifying this sewage, carried out experimental study indoor, will gather in the water vat that the river of returning is placed on 1.2 cubic metres, the natural biology membrane reactor of embodiment 1 purifies, the removal efficient of each pollutent is respectively TSS 87.2%, COD 82.5%, and UV254nm-matter 79.1%, and TN 67.4%, TP 71.2%, Hg 80.6%, and Cr 79.4%, Cu83.3% and Cd 85.2%.In a word, after natural biology membrane reactor of the present invention was implemented, winter, river sewage was significantly purified, and had solved the low problem of low temperature contaminant removal efficiency.
Above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any form, and all employings are equal to replaces or technical scheme that the mode of equivalent transformation obtains, all drops on protection scope of the present invention.
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