CN103259343B - Utilize the magnetic coupling resonance wireless power supply of first-harmonic energy in high frequency square wave - Google Patents
Utilize the magnetic coupling resonance wireless power supply of first-harmonic energy in high frequency square wave Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用高频方波中基波能量的磁耦合谐振无线供电装置，属于无线能量传输装置。本发明包括控制电路、驱动电路、发射电路、谐振接受电路；其中所述发射电路包括输入电源、与输入电源相连接且包含有发射线圈的非谐振类变换器，所述谐振接受电路包括接受线圈、谐振电容、负载。本发明直接控制非谐振类变换器中发射线圈的方波电压频率，当与接受线圈谐振频率点一致时，实现磁耦合谐振无线供电，无需依赖两个谐振点频率相同的线圈之间谐振工作，提高了无线电能装置的可靠性，容易在全范围内实现ZVS开关，EMI干扰也较低，具有广阔的应用前景。
The invention discloses a magnetic coupling resonance wireless power supply device utilizing fundamental wave energy in high-frequency square waves, which belongs to wireless energy transmission devices. The present invention includes a control circuit, a drive circuit, a transmitting circuit, and a resonant receiving circuit; wherein the transmitting circuit includes an input power supply, a non-resonant converter connected to the input power supply and including a transmitting coil, and the resonant receiving circuit includes a receiving coil , resonant capacitor, load. The present invention directly controls the square wave voltage frequency of the transmitting coil in the non-resonant converter, and when it is consistent with the resonance frequency point of the receiving coil, it realizes magnetic coupling resonance wireless power supply without relying on the resonance work between two coils with the same frequency at the resonance point. The reliability of the wireless power device is improved, the ZVS switch can be easily realized in the whole range, the EMI interference is also low, and the invention has broad application prospects.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种无线能量传输装置，具体涉及一种利用基波磁耦合谐振的无线供电装置，用于需要为无线电能供电的场合。The invention relates to a wireless energy transmission device, in particular to a wireless power supply device using fundamental wave magnetic coupling resonance, which is used in occasions where wireless energy needs to be supplied.
背景技术Background technique
非辐射性磁耦合谐振作为新型无线供电技术，通过使两个相同频率的谐振物体产生很强的相互耦合，而对周围非谐振频率的接受端只有较弱的耦合。磁耦合谐振系统包括发射谐振线圈、次级接受谐振线圈和负载。MIT的Marin Soljacic助理教授是该系统的发明者，其MIT研究小组演示了无线供电，他们从2米的距离成功地点亮了60W灯泡。磁耦合谐振技术可实现中距离(mid-range)的能量传输，而不需要增强磁场强度，而传统的磁耦合只能在短距离范围内（一般在十厘米）取得相对良好的效果，传输距离只能通过增强磁场强度来增加。同时磁谐振耦合系统有一个重要优点就是可以穿透各种不同非金属障碍物，而且对系统的能量传输效率、功率等指标没有影响。As a new type of wireless power supply technology, non-radiative magnetic coupling resonance generates strong mutual coupling between two resonant objects of the same frequency, while only weakly couples to the receiving end of the surrounding non-resonant frequency. The magnetically coupled resonant system includes a transmitting resonant coil, a secondary receiving resonant coil and a load. Assistant Professor Marin Soljacic of MIT is the inventor of the system, and his MIT research group demonstrated wireless power supply. They successfully lit a 60W light bulb from a distance of 2 meters. Magnetic coupling resonance technology can achieve mid-range energy transmission without increasing the magnetic field strength, while traditional magnetic coupling can only achieve relatively good results within a short distance (generally within ten centimeters). It can only be increased by increasing the magnetic field strength. At the same time, an important advantage of the magnetic resonance coupling system is that it can penetrate various non-metallic obstacles, and has no effect on the energy transmission efficiency, power and other indicators of the system.
目前磁谐振耦合无线供电技术需要依赖两个频率相同的谐振线圈，但在实际应用中器件参数误差，很难做到两个谐振参数完全一致的线圈，故两个谐振线圈的频率点很难完全一致。这不仅影响了传输距离，而且由于存在多个耦合线圈，系统整体效率也受到限制。因此需要研究基于磁耦合谐振无线供电的高效率工作电路，解决无线电能供电谐振线圈之间最佳谐振点一致性差的问题。At present, magnetic resonance coupling wireless power supply technology needs to rely on two resonant coils with the same frequency, but in practical applications, due to device parameter errors, it is difficult to achieve two coils with exactly the same resonant parameters, so the frequency points of the two resonant coils are difficult to be completely unanimous. Not only does this affect the transmission distance, but the overall efficiency of the system is also limited due to the presence of multiple coupling coils. Therefore, it is necessary to study a high-efficiency working circuit based on magnetically coupled resonance wireless power supply to solve the problem of poor consistency of the optimal resonance point between resonant coils for wireless power supply.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对磁耦合谐振无线供电应用场合，提出高效率、高可靠性的磁耦合无线供电电路。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a high-efficiency and high-reliability magnetic coupling wireless power supply circuit for the application occasion of magnetic coupling resonance wireless power supply.
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案：The present invention adopts the following technical solutions for solving the problems of the technologies described above:
一种利用高频方波中基波能量的磁耦合谐振无线供电装置，包括依次连接的控制电路、驱动电路、发射电路，以及与发射电路磁耦合的谐振接受电路，所述发射电路包括输入电源、与输入电源相连接且包含有发射线圈的非谐振类变换器，所述谐振接受电路包括接受线圈、谐振电容、负载，所述接受线圈分别与谐振电容、负载相并联；所述发射线圈与接受线圈相耦合；A magnetically coupled resonant wireless power supply device utilizing the energy of the fundamental wave in the high-frequency square wave, comprising a control circuit, a drive circuit, a transmitting circuit connected in sequence, and a resonant receiving circuit magnetically coupled with the transmitting circuit, and the transmitting circuit includes an input power supply 1. A non-resonant converter connected to the input power supply and including a transmitting coil, the resonant receiving circuit includes a receiving coil, a resonant capacitor, and a load, and the receiving coil is connected in parallel with the resonant capacitor and the load respectively; the transmitting coil and The receiving coil is coupled;
其中：控制电路输出与接受线圈的谐振频率相同的高频控制信号至驱动电路，由驱动电路控制非谐振类变换器中的开关器件动作向所述发射线圈传输正负电压幅值和持续时间均相等的电压方波，使得发射线圈流过电流的基波分量所产生的磁场与接受线圈具有相同振荡频率而产生磁共振，通过发射线圈磁场的基波分量传输无线能量，从而实现无线电能传输到负载端。Wherein: the control circuit outputs a high-frequency control signal having the same resonant frequency as the receiving coil to the driving circuit, and the driving circuit controls the action of the switching device in the non-resonant converter to transmit positive and negative voltages with equal amplitude and duration to the transmitting coil The equal voltage square wave makes the magnetic field generated by the fundamental wave component of the current flowing through the transmitting coil and the receiving coil have the same oscillation frequency to generate magnetic resonance, and transmits wireless energy through the fundamental wave component of the magnetic field of the transmitting coil, thereby realizing wireless energy transmission to load side.
作为本发明的一种利用高频方波中基波能量的磁耦合谐振无线供电装置进一步的优化方案，所述非谐振类变换器为全桥逆变器，所述发射电路还包括一个输入电容；其中所述输入电容、全桥逆变器分别并联于输入电源的两端，所述发射线圈的两端分别连接全桥逆变器的两个桥臂的中点，由驱动电路根据控制电路的控制信号产生两路互补导通的方波信号分别控制全桥逆变器中两个桥臂的开关管的导通周期，使得发射线圈承受正负电压幅值和持续时间均相等的电压方波。As a further optimization scheme of the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power supply device utilizing the energy of the fundamental wave in the high-frequency square wave of the present invention, the non-resonant converter is a full-bridge inverter, and the transmitting circuit also includes an input capacitor wherein the input capacitor and the full-bridge inverter are respectively connected in parallel to the two ends of the input power supply, and the two ends of the transmitting coil are respectively connected to the midpoint of the two bridge arms of the full-bridge inverter, and the driving circuit is controlled according to the control circuit The control signal generates two complementary conduction square wave signals to respectively control the conduction period of the switch tubes of the two bridge arms in the full-bridge inverter, so that the transmitting coil bears a voltage square with equal positive and negative voltage amplitudes and durations. Wave.
作为本发明的一种利用高频方波中基波能量的磁耦合谐振无线供电装置进一步的优化方案，所述两路互补导通的方波信号分别为第一控制信号和第二控制信号，所述全桥逆变器包括由第一开关管、第三开关管组成的第一桥臂，以及由第二开关管、第四开关管组成的第二桥臂，其中第一控制信号分别控制第一开关管和第四开关管的导通，第二控制信号分别控制第二开关管和第三开关管的导通。As a further optimization scheme of the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power supply device using the energy of the fundamental wave in the high-frequency square wave of the present invention, the two complementary conducting square wave signals are respectively the first control signal and the second control signal, The full-bridge inverter includes a first bridge arm composed of a first switch tube and a third switch tube, and a second bridge arm composed of a second switch tube and a fourth switch tube, wherein the first control signal respectively controls The conduction of the first switch tube and the fourth switch tube, and the second control signal control the conduction of the second switch tube and the third switch tube respectively.
作为本发明的一种利用高频方波中基波能量的磁耦合谐振无线供电装置进一步的优化方案，所述发射线圈将与接受线圈谐振频率相同的磁场能量进行无线传输，将其他频率段的能量返回至输入电源端；利用发射线圈中的电流，实现全桥逆变器的零电压开关。As a further optimization scheme of the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power supply device utilizing the energy of the fundamental wave in the high-frequency square wave of the present invention, the transmitting coil wirelessly transmits the magnetic field energy with the same resonant frequency as the receiving coil, and transmits the magnetic field energy of other frequency bands The energy is returned to the input power supply terminal; the zero-voltage switching of the full-bridge inverter is realized by using the current in the transmitting coil.
作为本发明的一种利用高频方波中基波能量的磁耦合谐振无线供电装置进一步的优化方案，所述非谐振类变换器为双管正激变换器，所述双管正激变换器包括发射线圈、第一续流二极管、第二续流二极管，第一开关管、第二开关管；其中所述第一续流二极管的阴极、第一开关管的漏极分别与输入电源的正极相连接，所述第一开关管的源极分别与发射线圈的一端、第二续流二极管的阴极连接；所述第一续流二极管的阳极分别与发射线圈的另一端、第二开关管的漏极连接；所述第二开关管的源极、第二续流二极管的阳极以及输入电源的阴极分别连接后接地；由驱动电路根据控制电路的控制信号产生一路方波信号同时提供给第一开关管和第二开关管，其中所述方波信号的最大占空比不超过0.5。As a further optimization scheme of the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power supply device using the energy of the fundamental wave in the high-frequency square wave of the present invention, the non-resonant converter is a two-tube forward converter, and the two-tube forward converter It includes a transmitting coil, a first freewheeling diode, a second freewheeling diode, a first switching tube, and a second switching tube; wherein the cathode of the first freewheeling diode and the drain of the first switching tube are respectively connected to the positive pole of the input power supply The source of the first switch tube is connected to one end of the transmitting coil and the cathode of the second freewheeling diode respectively; the anode of the first freewheeling diode is connected to the other end of the transmitting coil and the second switch tube respectively. The drain is connected; the source of the second switching tube, the anode of the second freewheeling diode and the cathode of the input power supply are respectively connected to the ground; the drive circuit generates a square wave signal according to the control signal of the control circuit and provides it to the first The switching tube and the second switching tube, wherein the maximum duty cycle of the square wave signal is no more than 0.5.
本发明采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above technical scheme and has the following technical effects:
本发明的一种利用基波磁耦合谐振的无线供电装置具有结构简单的优点，无需依赖发射线圈和接受线圈具有相同的谐振频率。同时全桥逆变器容易实现ZVS，可广泛应用于大功率无线供电场合。A wireless power supply device using fundamental magnetic coupling resonance of the present invention has the advantage of simple structure, without relying on the same resonant frequency of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil. At the same time, the full-bridge inverter can easily realize ZVS, and can be widely used in high-power wireless power supply occasions.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的实施例一中利用基波磁耦合谐振的无线供电装置的实现电路示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a wireless power supply device utilizing fundamental magnetic coupling resonance in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图2是本发明的实施例一中的全桥逆变器驱动信号和发射线圈电流波形图。FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram of the drive signal of the full-bridge inverter and the current of the transmitting coil in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图3是本发明的实施例一中的发射线圈电流能量频谱分布图。FIG. 3 is a distribution diagram of the current energy spectrum of the transmitting coil in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图4是本发明的实施例一中的全桥逆变器中功率开关管的ZVS实现图。FIG. 4 is a ZVS realization diagram of the power switch tube in the full-bridge inverter in the first embodiment of the present invention.
图5是本发明的实施例二中的双管正激变换器利用基波磁耦合谐振的无线供电装置的实现电路示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a wireless power supply device in which the dual-transistor forward converter utilizes fundamental magnetic coupling resonance in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
图6是本发明的实施例二中的双管正激变换器驱动信号和发射线圈电流波形图。Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of the driving signal of the dual-transistor forward converter and the current of the transmitting coil in the second embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
本发明提出一种利用高频方波中基波能量的磁耦合谐振无线供电装置，包括控制电路、驱动电路、发射电路、谐振接受电路；其中所述发射电路包括输入电源、与输入电源相连接且包含有发射线圈的非谐振类变换器，所述谐振接受电路包括接受线圈、谐振电容、负载，所述接受线圈分别与谐振电容、负载相并联；其中：控制电路输出与接受线圈的谐振频率相同的高频控制信号至驱动电路，由驱动电路控制非谐振类变换器中的开关器件动作向所述发射线圈传输正负电压幅值和持续时间均相等的电压方波，使得发射线圈流过电流的基波分量所产生的磁场与接受线圈具有相同振荡频率而产生磁共振，通过发射线圈磁场的基波分量传输无线能量，从而实现无线电能传输到负载端。The present invention proposes a magnetically coupled resonant wireless power supply device utilizing the energy of the fundamental wave in the high-frequency square wave, including a control circuit, a drive circuit, a transmitting circuit, and a resonant receiving circuit; wherein the transmitting circuit includes an input power supply connected to the input power supply And it includes a non-resonant converter with a transmitting coil, the resonant receiving circuit includes a receiving coil, a resonant capacitor, and a load, and the receiving coil is connected in parallel with the resonant capacitor and the load respectively; wherein: the resonant frequency of the output of the control circuit and the receiving coil The same high-frequency control signal is sent to the drive circuit, and the drive circuit controls the action of the switching device in the non-resonant converter to transmit a voltage square wave with equal positive and negative voltage amplitudes and durations to the transmitting coil, so that the transmitting coil flows The magnetic field generated by the fundamental component of the current has the same oscillation frequency as the receiving coil to generate magnetic resonance, and wireless energy is transmitted through the fundamental component of the magnetic field of the transmitting coil, thereby realizing wireless energy transmission to the load end.
实施例一：Embodiment one:
如图1所示，发射电路由直流电源V1、输入电容C1、开关管Q1-Q4组成的全桥逆变器，以及发射线圈L1构成。接受电路包括接受线圈L2、电容C2和负载R1。控制电路产生两路控制信号给开关管Q1-Q4，其中第1路控制信号给开关管Q1和开关管Q4，第2路控制信号给开关管Q2和开关管Q3。第1路控制信号和第2路控制信号为互补导通的方波信号，并留有一定的死区。As shown in Figure 1, the transmitting circuit is composed of a DC power supply V1, an input capacitor C1, a full-bridge inverter composed of switching tubes Q1-Q4, and a transmitting coil L1. The receiving circuit includes receiving coil L2, capacitor C2 and load R1. The control circuit generates two control signals for the switch tubes Q1-Q4, wherein the first control signal is for the switch tube Q1 and the switch tube Q4, and the second control signal is for the switch tube Q2 and the switch tube Q3. The first control signal and the second control signal are square wave signals with complementary conduction, and a certain dead zone is left.
控制电路输出高频信号给驱动电路，并为开关管Q1-Q4提供高频工作所需的驱动能力，此时控制电路给开关管Q1-Q4提供的开关频率为f1。其中控制电路产生的方波驱动信号频率f1和接受线圈电感量L2、谐振电容量C2所构成的谐振频率相同，即f1=f2。由于发射线圈中电流所引起的磁场频率和接受线圈频率相同，因此接受线圈L2能够接受到磁谐振传递的能量并传递给负载。The control circuit outputs a high-frequency signal to the driving circuit, and provides the driving capability required for high-frequency operation for the switching tubes Q1-Q4. At this time, the switching frequency provided by the control circuit to the switching tubes Q1-Q4 is f 1 . The frequency f 1 of the square wave drive signal generated by the control circuit, the resonant frequency formed by the receiving coil inductance L 2 and the resonant capacitance C 2 Same, ie f 1 =f 2 . Since the frequency of the magnetic field caused by the current in the transmitting coil is the same as that of the receiving coil, the receiving coil L2 can receive the energy transferred by the magnetic resonance and transmit it to the load.
如图2所示,其给出了全桥逆变器驱动信号和发射线圈电流波形。为方便体现本申请思想，图2中定义f1=1MHz频率下的工作波形。事实上我们可以根据接受线圈的谐振频率定义工作周期以达到最好的控制效果。As shown in Figure 2, it provides the full-bridge inverter drive signal and the current waveform of the transmitting coil. In order to conveniently embody the idea of the present application, the working waveform at f 1 =1 MHz frequency is defined in FIG. 2 . In fact, we can define the duty cycle according to the resonant frequency of the receiving coil to achieve the best control effect.
如图3所示,其给出了本发明的优选实例的发射线圈电流能量频谱分布图。图3中控制电路给出高频信号f1=1MHz，可见大部分电流引起的磁场能量集中在1MHz频率段，当接受线圈的谐振频率为此时传递无线电能。As shown in FIG. 3 , it shows the distribution diagram of the transmitting coil current energy spectrum of the preferred example of the present invention. The control circuit in Figure 3 gives a high-frequency signal f 1 =1MHz. It can be seen that most of the magnetic field energy caused by the current is concentrated in the 1MHz frequency band. When the resonant frequency of the receiving coil is At this point wireless power is transferred.
在图4中我们示出优选实例的全桥逆变器中功率开关管的ZVS实现图。由于全桥逆变器中发射线圈流过较大的激磁电流，在开关管Q1和开关管Q3驱动信号的死区时间内，可方便的实现开关管Q3的零电压导通。In Fig. 4 we show the ZVS realization diagram of the power switch tube in the full-bridge inverter of the preferred example. Since a large excitation current flows through the transmitting coil in the full-bridge inverter, the zero-voltage conduction of the switching tube Q3 can be conveniently realized during the dead time of the driving signals of the switching tube Q1 and the switching tube Q3.
本发明的全桥逆变器优选实例的具体参数如下：输入电压V1为12VDC；输入电容1000uF；发射线圈L1为10uH；接受线圈L2谐振电感量为22uH；谐振电容值C2为470nF；开关管Q1-Q4为IPB108N15N3G；控制芯片为DSP TMS320F2812；驱动芯片为IR2100。The specific parameters of the preferred example of the full-bridge inverter of the present invention are as follows: the input voltage V1 is 12VDC; the input capacitance is 1000uF; the transmitting coil L1 is 10uH; the resonant inductance of the receiving coil L2 is 22uH; the resonant capacitance C2 is 470nF; -Q4 is IPB108N15N3G; the control chip is DSP TMS320F2812; the driver chip is IR2100.
实施例二：Embodiment two:
如图5所示，发射电路由直流电源V1，续流二极管D1、D2，开关管Q1、Q2，发射线圈L1构成。接受电路包括接受线圈L2、电容C1和负载R1。控制信号产生一路控制信号同时提供给开关管Q1、Q2，其中控制信号最大占空比不超过0.5。控制电路输出高频信号给驱动电路，为Q1、Q2开关管提供高频工作所需的驱动能力，此时控制电路给开关管Q1、Q2提供的开关频率为f1。其中控制电路产生的方波驱动信号频率f1和接受线圈电感量L2、谐振电容量C1所构成的谐振频率相同，即f1=f2。由于发射线圈中电流所引起的磁场频率和接受线圈频率相同，因此线圈L2能够接受到磁谐振传递的能量并传递给负载。As shown in Figure 5, the transmitting circuit is composed of DC power supply V1, freewheeling diodes D1, D2, switching tubes Q1, Q2, and transmitting coil L1. The receiving circuit includes receiving coil L2, capacitor C1 and load R1. The control signal generates a control signal and provides it to the switch tubes Q1 and Q2 at the same time, wherein the maximum duty ratio of the control signal does not exceed 0.5. The control circuit outputs a high-frequency signal to the drive circuit to provide the driving capability required for high-frequency operation for the switch tubes Q1 and Q2. At this time, the switching frequency provided by the control circuit to the switch tubes Q1 and Q2 is f 1 . The frequency f 1 of the square wave drive signal generated by the control circuit, the resonant frequency formed by the receiving coil inductance L 2 and the resonant capacitance C 1 Same, ie f 1 =f 2 . Since the frequency of the magnetic field caused by the current in the transmitting coil is the same as that of the receiving coil, the coil L2 can receive the energy transmitted by the magnetic resonance and transmit it to the load.
如图6所示,其给出了双管正激变换器驱动信号和发射线圈电流波形。为方便体现本申请的思想，图6中定义f1=1MHz频率下的工作波形。事实上我们可以根据接受线圈的谐振频率定义工作周期以达到最好的控制效果。As shown in Figure 6, it gives the driving signal of the dual-tube forward converter and the current waveform of the transmitting coil. In order to conveniently embody the idea of the present application, the working waveform at f 1 =1MHz frequency is defined in FIG. 6 . In fact, we can define the duty cycle according to the resonant frequency of the receiving coil to achieve the best control effect.
由以上分析可知，我们通过控制发射线圈中电流的基波频率，即可实现接受线圈的无线电能传输。通过这样的设计，无需依赖发射线圈和接受线圈具有相同的谐振频率，提高了系统可靠性。From the above analysis, we can realize the wireless power transmission of the receiving coil by controlling the fundamental frequency of the current in the transmitting coil. Through such a design, there is no need to rely on the same resonant frequency of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, which improves system reliability.
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| CN110233524B (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2023-09-26 | 天津大学 | Analog-controlled self-resonant, ultra-quiet wireless power supply system |
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