CN103254354A - 一种镉离子印迹吸附剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种镉离子印迹吸附剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种镉离子印迹吸附剂及其制备方法和应用,属于吸附材料制备工艺领域。其制备方法包括:(1)镉离子与功能单体形成螯合物;(2)螯合物在交联剂作用下交联成聚合物;(3)洗脱液洗去聚合物中镉离子形成镉离子印迹吸附剂。本发明提供的镉离子印迹吸附剂,应用本体聚合方法,以甲基丙烯酸、4-乙烯基吡啶为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂合成一种固相萃取材料,键合牢固、性质稳定,重现性好,选择性好。该吸附剂可用于环境水样中痕量Cd(II)的富集预处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于吸附材料制备工艺领域,具体涉及一种镉离子印迹吸附剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
镉是生产合金,电池,染料和电镀材料等的重要金属元素,然而含有镉的工业废料废水流入环境中,将导致环境的恶化。由于重金属镉不易被生物降解,镉可以通过食物链和呼吸道进入人体,在人体内沉降积累,对人体健康产生严重危害,故对金属镉的监测尤为重要。近年来,用于环境水样中重金属含量检测的方法主要有火焰原子吸收分光光度计(FAAS)、石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计(GFAAS)以及电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)等。其中FAAS由于具有低消耗、操作简便等优点被广泛使用。然而,由于环境水样中重金属的含量极低(如地下水国家标准一类水质Cd(II)小于0.0001mg/L)以及水样中其它金属对检测结果具有很大干扰,因此,需要对环境水样进行分离富集处理。在众多分离方法中,固相萃取技术(SPE)由于具有回收率高、有机溶剂消耗少、有效分离和操作方便且易于实现自动化等优点脱颖而出。目前,SPE已经广泛应用于食品安全、环境、医疗、药物分析、化学工业等领域。而研制高性能,高吸附,高富集倍数的吸附材料是固相萃取技术的关键,受到研究者的高度重视。
分子印迹技术是指制备对某一特定目标分子具有特异选择性的聚合物。它是将要分离的目标分子作为模板分子,将它与交联剂在聚合物单体溶液中进行聚合,制备得到单体-模板分子复合物,然后通过物理或化学方法去除模板分子,便得到具有目标分子空间结构的分子印迹聚合物。这种聚合物形成了与模板分子具有相似的空间和结合位点的空穴,这样的孔穴对模板分子更具有选择性。离子印迹聚合物的模板是金属离子,与分子印迹聚合物相似,具有分子印迹聚合物的一切优点,近年来被广泛应用于金属离子的分离和检测。Taher Alizadeh (Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2011, 657: 98-106) 等采用乙烯基吡啶和喹哪啶酸为功能单体,制备了镉离子印迹聚合物。Yongwen Liu (Analytica Chimica Acta, 2004, 519: 173-179) 等采用乙烯基吡啶和重氮氨基苯为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,合成了镉离子印迹聚合物,用于镉的分离富集。目前,尚未见到采用4-乙烯基吡啶和甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,合成的镉离子印迹吸附剂的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种镉离子印迹吸附剂及其制备方法和应用,本发明所提供的镉离子印迹固相萃取材料,采用分子印迹技术,键合牢固、性质稳定,重现性好,选择性好。该吸附剂可用于环境水样中痕量Cd(II)的富集预处理。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种镉离子印迹吸附剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将1 mmol CdCl2和2~4 mmol功能单体溶解于15~20 mL二甲基亚砜中,溶液在室温下磁力搅拌1 h形成镉离子螯合物;所述的功能单体为甲基丙烯酸和4-乙烯基吡啶,两者的摩尔比为1:1;
(2)将0.1~0.2 g偶氮二异丁腈和20 mmol 乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯溶解于2~3 mL二甲基亚砜中,在氮气保护下,与步骤(1)中的溶液混合,70℃水浴反应24 h形成聚合物;
(3)步骤(2)中形成的聚合物先用乙醇洗涤,随后用2 mol/L 盐酸溶液洗涤除去模板镉离子,最后用二次去离子水洗至中性,干燥箱干燥。
所述的该吸附剂用于环境水样中痕量Cd(II)的富集预处理。
本发明的显著优点在于:
(1)本发明合成的镉离子印迹吸附剂,是以4-乙烯基吡啶和甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂聚合而成,具有很好的稳定性。
(2)本发明合成的镉离子印迹吸附剂,采用分子印迹技术,可以提高对镉的选择性。
(3)本发明合成的镉离子印迹吸附剂,具有重现性好,可重复利用,再生性好的优点。
附图说明
图1是pH对镉离子印迹吸附剂吸附Cd(II)性能的影响。
具体实施方式
实施例1
镉离子印迹吸附剂的制备
(1)将1 mmol CdCl2,2~4 mmol 甲基丙烯酸、4-乙烯基吡啶功能单体溶解于15~20 mL的二甲基亚砜溶液中,溶液在室温下磁力搅拌1 h形成镉离子螯合物;
(2)将0.1~0.2 g偶氮二异丁腈和20 mmol 乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯溶解于2~3 mL的二甲基亚砜溶液中。在氮气保护下,与步骤(1)中的溶液混合,70℃水浴反应24 h;
(3)步骤(2)中形成的聚合物先用乙醇洗涤,随后用2 M 盐酸溶液洗涤洗去模板镉离子,最后二次去离子水洗至中性,干燥箱干燥备用;
实施例2
pH对镉离子印迹吸附剂吸附性能的影响
通过对不同pH值溶液的静态试验,采用火焰原子吸收法(FAAS)测得其吸收率。图1为pH对镉离子印迹吸附剂吸附Cd(II)性能的影响,其初始Cd(II) 的离子浓度:1.0 mg/L;吸附剂用量:0.3g;振荡时间:30 min;温度:25℃;试样体积:100 mL。
实施例3
最大富集倍数测定
通过动态实验方法,考察了在不同试样体积条件下,镉离子印迹吸附剂对Cu(II)的富集性能。实验分别将含有10 μg Cd(II)的200,400,600,800,1000,1200和1400 mL的样本溶液在最佳萃取和洗脱条件下过柱萃取富集,然后通过对Cd(II)回收率的测定来研究其最大富集倍数。结果如表1所示,当试样体积增大至1400 mL时,Cd(II)的回收率降至84.5 %。这说明镉离子印迹吸附剂对Cd(II)具有良好的萃取富集能力,由于8 mL盐酸溶液就能实现定量回收Cd(II),故其最大富集倍数为150,有望实现对样品溶液中ppb级Cd(II)的萃取富集。
表1是镉离子印迹吸附剂对Cd(II)最大试样体积及富集倍数
实施例4
吸附剂的再生性
取0.15 g 镉离子印迹吸附剂作为SPE柱填充材料,将10 mL 1 mg/L Cd(II)溶液在最佳萃取条件下过SPE柱,然后用二次去离子水洗去残留在吸附剂以及SPE柱上未被吸附的Cd(II),在优化了的最佳洗脱条件下洗脱Cd(II),FAAS测定洗脱液中的Cd(II)。之后用一定浓度的盐酸过柱,以除去未被洗脱的离子,二次去离子水过柱,洗去盐酸溶液直至过柱液呈中性,再重复上述的操作。结果表明,该吸附剂在实验过程中有较好的再生性和稳定性,即在不降低对Cd(II)的回收率(>95 %)的情况下可以重复过柱和洗脱超过20次。
实施例5
实际水样中Cd(II)的萃取富集与测定
实际水样分别取自福州大学的自来水以及校内的湖水各100 mL。将过滤好的水样利用缓冲液将其pH值调节至6.5,在最佳样品流速下过柱萃取富集,然后用少量二次去离子水洗去留在柱上未被吸附的离子,再用8 mL 0.15 mol/L的盐酸溶液过柱洗脱被吸附的离子,用FAAS测定洗脱液中的Cd(II)。同时,实验还通过加标的方法对水样进行了测试,实验方法与未加标实验相同,加标量分别为1.0 μg、2.0 μg,各法均平行富集测定三次。实验结果如表2所示,水质符合国家二类地表水标准。对实际水样经加标实验测得Cd(II)离子回收率在96.0-102.0%之间。
表2是福州大学自来水及湖水中Cd(II)含量的测定结果
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种镉离子印迹吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)镉离子与功能单体形成螯合物;
(2)螯合物在交联剂作用下交联成聚合物;
(3)洗脱液洗去聚合物中镉离子形成镉离子印迹吸附剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的镉离子印迹吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于:具体步骤如下:
(1)将1 mmol CdCl2和2~4 mmol功能单体溶解于15~20 mL二甲基亚砜中,溶液在室温下磁力搅拌1 h形成镉离子螯合物;所述的功能单体为甲基丙烯酸和4-乙烯基吡啶,两者的摩尔比为1:1;
(2)将0.1~0.2 g偶氮二异丁腈和20 mmol 乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯溶解于2~3 mL二甲基亚砜中,在氮气保护下,与步骤(1)中的溶液混合,70℃水浴反应24 h形成聚合物;
(3)步骤(2)中形成的聚合物先用乙醇洗涤,随后用2 mol/L 盐酸溶液洗涤除去模板镉离子,最后用二次去离子水洗至中性,干燥箱干燥。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的方法制得的镉离子印迹吸附剂。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的方法制得的镉离子印迹吸附剂的应用,其特征在于:该吸附剂用于环境水样中痕量Cd(II)的富集预处理。
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