CN103252568B - A kind of for filling spot welding stainless steel high-entropy alloy powder and the stainless process of a kind of high-entropy alloy powder filling spot welding - Google Patents
A kind of for filling spot welding stainless steel high-entropy alloy powder and the stainless process of a kind of high-entropy alloy powder filling spot welding Download PDFInfo
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于填充点焊不锈钢高熵合金粉末和其用于填充点焊不锈钢的工艺方法,所述高熵合金粉末的主要组分为AlFeCuCoNiTiCrx,x为Al与Cr的摩尔比,x的范围为0-0.3,粉末大小为100-300目;用高熵合金粉末介质作为填充层,改善难焊不锈钢材料的焊接初期接触电阻,以电阻热为焊接热源,在保护气体的保护及电阻热的作用下,同时发生材料待焊表面的部分熔化,在适当大小的电极压力冲击作用下,使氧化膜破碎,促进高熵合金粉末介质在待焊材料界面处产生细化作用,在界面处形成熔核形成单一面心立方的组织,从而提高接头强度和耐蚀性。该方法主要在热补偿下实现焊接,灵活性较强,具有较为理想的工程意义。
The invention discloses a high-entropy alloy powder for filling spot welding stainless steel and a process method for filling spot welding stainless steel. The main component of the high-entropy alloy powder is AlFeCuCoNiTiCr x , and x is the molar ratio of Al to Cr , the range of x is 0-0.3, and the powder size is 100-300 mesh; high-entropy alloy powder medium is used as the filling layer to improve the initial contact resistance of welding difficult-to-weld stainless steel materials, and resistance heat is used as the welding heat source. And under the action of resistance heat, the partial melting of the surface of the material to be welded occurs at the same time. Under the impact of the electrode pressure of an appropriate size, the oxide film is broken, and the high-entropy alloy powder medium is promoted to produce refinement at the interface of the material to be welded. A nugget is formed at the interface to form a single face-centered cubic structure, thereby improving joint strength and corrosion resistance. This method mainly realizes welding under thermal compensation, which has strong flexibility and has ideal engineering significance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及不锈钢焊接领域,尤其是涉及一种用于填充点焊不锈钢高熵合金粉末和一种高熵合金粉末填充点焊不锈钢的工艺方法。The invention relates to the field of stainless steel welding, in particular to a high-entropy alloy powder for filling spot welding stainless steel and a process method for filling spot welding stainless steel with high-entropy alloy powder.
背景技术Background technique
不锈钢作为耐腐蚀材料一直受到产业界的重视,点焊焊接方法是不锈钢连接的主要方法之一。目前关于不锈钢点焊的研究主要包括氩弧焊、激光束、电子束、搅拌摩擦点焊,但上述点焊方法能源消耗大,生产效率低,设备及维护和运行成本高,相比较而言,电阻点焊不锈钢是一种优异的选择,但电阻焊不锈钢焊后形成熔核发生相变,从而导致在使用过程中容易被腐蚀,导致焊接接头失效,所以急需开发一种能够提高不锈钢电阻点焊耐腐蚀性的方法。As a corrosion-resistant material, stainless steel has always been valued by the industry, and the spot welding method is one of the main methods for stainless steel connection. At present, the research on stainless steel spot welding mainly includes argon arc welding, laser beam, electron beam, and friction stir spot welding, but the above-mentioned spot welding methods consume a lot of energy, have low production efficiency, and high equipment, maintenance and operation costs. Resistance spot welding stainless steel is an excellent choice, but the nugget formed after resistance welding stainless steel welding undergoes a phase change, which leads to corrosion during use, resulting in failure of the welded joint, so it is urgent to develop a method that can improve the resistance of stainless steel resistance spot welding. Corrosion-resistant method.
经对现有技术的文献检索发现,专利200510072511.5使用中间薄片圆环焊接不锈钢,但薄圆片的导电能力不是太强,同时薄圆片的材料为不锈钢同质材料,在电阻点焊高电流效果下容易形成铁素体,从而耐蚀性下降。专利201110028353.9改变电极的尺寸提高焊接效果,但增加了设备消耗。所以目前急需开发一种不改变现有设备条件下能够提高不锈钢电阻点焊强度及耐腐蚀性的方法。After searching the literature of the prior art, it is found that the patent 200510072511.5 uses the middle sheet ring to weld stainless steel, but the conductivity of the thin disk is not too strong, and the material of the thin disk is stainless steel homogeneous material, which has the effect of high current in resistance spot welding. It is easy to form ferrite, and the corrosion resistance decreases. Patent 201110028353.9 changes the size of the electrode to improve the welding effect, but increases equipment consumption. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a method that can improve the strength and corrosion resistance of stainless steel resistance spot welding without changing the existing equipment.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提出一种用于填充点焊不锈钢高熵合金粉末和一种高熵合金粉末填充点焊不锈钢的工艺方法,以实现提高不锈钢电阻点焊强度及耐腐蚀性目的。The purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to overcome the defective that above-mentioned prior art exists and propose a kind of process method for filling spot welding stainless steel high-entropy alloy powder and a kind of high-entropy alloy powder filling spot welding stainless steel, to realize improving stainless steel resistance spot welding Strength and corrosion resistance purposes.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种用于填充点焊不锈钢高熵合金粉末,其特征在于,所述高熵合金粉末的主要组分为AlFeCuCoNiTiCrx,x为Al与Cr的摩尔比,x的范围为0-0.3,粉末大小为100-300目。A kind of high-entropy alloy powder for filling spot welding stainless steel, it is characterized in that, the main component of described high-entropy alloy powder is AlFeCuCoNiTiCr x , x is the molar ratio of Al and Cr, the scope of x is 0-0.3, powder size It is 100-300 mesh.
一种高熵合金粉末填充点焊不锈钢的工艺方法,按以下步骤进行:A kind of processing method of high-entropy alloy powder filling spot welding stainless steel, carry out according to the following steps:
(1)将高熵合金粉末用有机溶剂混合均匀;(1) The high-entropy alloy powder is mixed evenly with an organic solvent;
(2)在待焊工件的焊接面均匀喷洒或均匀涂敷所述粉末介质,形成厚度均匀的粉末介质填充层;(2) Evenly spray or evenly coat the powder medium on the welding surface of the workpiece to be welded to form a powder medium filling layer with uniform thickness;
(3)待粉末介质填充层的丙酮挥发后,装夹待焊工件于上下电极之间,使附着粉末介质的待焊工件焊接面紧密接触;(3) After the acetone in the powder medium filling layer is volatilized, clamp the workpiece to be welded between the upper and lower electrodes, so that the welding surface of the workpiece to be welded with the powder medium is in close contact;
(4)调整保护气喷嘴对准待焊工件焊接区,施加保护气体作用;(4) Adjust the protective gas nozzle to the welding area of the workpiece to be welded, and apply the protective gas effect;
(5)施加电极压力冲击、压紧待焊接面,通过电极压力冲击作用使基体的表面氧化膜破碎,并在后续工艺过程中保持压力的作用;(5) Apply electrode pressure impact, compress the surface to be welded, break the oxide film on the surface of the substrate through the electrode pressure impact, and maintain the pressure during the subsequent process;
(6)通焊接电流,使填充层的高熵合金粉末介质熔化,在热与压力综合作用下与不锈钢发生物理化学冶金反应,并在焊接界面产生原子扩散;(6) Welding current is passed to melt the high-entropy alloy powder medium in the filling layer, and a physical chemical metallurgical reaction occurs with stainless steel under the combined action of heat and pressure, and atomic diffusion occurs at the welding interface;
(7)停止焊接电流作用,保持电极压力至焊件自然冷却;(7) Stop the welding current and keep the electrode pressure until the weldment cools down naturally;
(8)停止电极压力作用,停止保护气体作用,上下电极移开,完成焊接。(8) Stop the electrode pressure, stop the shielding gas, remove the upper and lower electrodes, and complete the welding.
所述有机溶剂包括丙酮和乙醇等。Described organic solvent includes acetone and ethanol etc.
焊接环境主要为惰性气体保护下施焊,个别情况下也可在大气下施焊。The welding environment is mainly welding under the protection of inert gas, and it can also be welding under the atmosphere in some cases.
所述的待焊工件为不锈钢板材或线材,焊接接头形式主要是搭接接头。The workpieces to be welded are stainless steel plates or wires, and the welding joints are mainly lap joints.
所述对待焊工件及粉末填充层的加热为电阻加热。待焊工件及粉末填充层在焊接电流作用下产生电阻热效应,焊接电流为单一主焊接电流形式或主焊接电流加辅助焊接电流形式。The heating of the workpiece to be welded and the powder filling layer is resistance heating. The workpiece to be welded and the powder filling layer produce a resistance heating effect under the action of the welding current, and the welding current is in the form of a single main welding current or a main welding current plus an auxiliary welding current.
所述的上下焊接电极的端面主要为球面形,另外,也可采用圆锥台形。The end surfaces of the upper and lower welding electrodes are mainly in the shape of a sphere, and in addition, the shape of a truncated cone can also be used.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1)一定粒度的粉末介质与待焊接工件表面形成若干点接触界面,利用粉末颗粒与待焊材料的接触面的变化提高材料待焊部位的焊接初期接触电阻,从而改善难焊材料的焊接性。(1) The powder medium of a certain particle size forms several point contact interfaces with the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and the change of the contact surface between the powder particles and the material to be welded is used to improve the initial contact resistance of the welding part of the material to be welded, thereby improving the weldability of difficult-to-weld materials .
(2)粉末颗粒之间构成若干相对微小的导电通道,在不增加焊接电流绝对值的前提下,使通过材料待焊部位的电流密度得以大大提高,从而获得焊接初期所需要的大量电阻热。(2) A number of relatively small conductive channels are formed between the powder particles. Without increasing the absolute value of the welding current, the current density passing through the part of the material to be welded can be greatly increased, thereby obtaining a large amount of resistance heat required in the initial stage of welding.
(3)利用电极压力的作用破碎填充界面的氧化膜。(3) The oxide film filling the interface is broken by the action of electrode pressure.
(4)利用球面形电极的挤压作用,并在熔融的对流作用下排出破碎的氧化膜,从而形成可靠焊接接头。(4) Utilize the extrusion effect of the spherical electrode, and discharge the broken oxide film under the action of molten convection, so as to form a reliable welded joint.
(5)高熵合金粉末填充介质配方灵活,可改善焊缝金属的冶金行为。(5) The formulation of high-entropy alloy powder filling medium is flexible, which can improve the metallurgical behavior of weld metal.
(6)在惰性气体保护下或大气环境下实现不锈钢材料的焊接,焊接表面无需特殊清理,焊接效率高,成本低,接头可靠,具有较为理想的工程实用意义。(6) The welding of stainless steel materials can be realized under the protection of inert gas or atmospheric environment, the welding surface does not need special cleaning, the welding efficiency is high, the cost is low, the joint is reliable, and it has relatively ideal engineering practical significance.
(7)高熵合金粉末在不锈钢接头中形成单一面心立方固溶体组织,具有很好的耐腐蚀和强化效果。(7) High-entropy alloy powder forms a single face-centered cubic solid solution structure in stainless steel joints, which has good corrosion resistance and strengthening effects.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是不锈钢填充高熵合金粉末点焊示意图,其中,1-电极;2-不锈钢工件;3-高熵合金填充层;4-焊接电路。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of stainless steel filled high-entropy alloy powder spot welding, wherein, 1-electrode; 2-stainless steel workpiece; 3-high-entropy alloy filling layer; 4-welding circuit.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.
实施例1:Example 1:
待焊材料的装夹分别如图1所示,为单脉冲电流焊接工艺。304不锈钢工件2为两块厚度为0.8mm的平板结构的搭接。将高熵合金粉末200目AlFeCuCoNiTiCr0.1介质用丙酮混合均匀后,由压力喷洒器均匀喷洒在不锈钢工件2待焊部位的表面,形成粉末介质填充层3。设定主要焊接四参数为:焊接电流I=12000A,电极压力F=1860N,焊接电流持续时间t2=1.3s。待粉末填充层的丙酮挥发后,将待焊平板工件搭接,装夹于上下电极1之间。将保护气喷嘴对准焊接区,开通氩气保护,气流量为3L/min。施加电极压力,使待焊工件压合紧密。保持电极压力的作用,施加焊接电流,持续时间为1.5s。焊接电流作用结束后,保持电极压力2s,至焊接结束。关闭氩气保护,移开氩气喷嘴,并移开上下电极1,取下工件,经过金相观察,接头形成单一面心立方组织。The clamping of the materials to be welded is shown in Figure 1, which is a single pulse current welding process. The 304 stainless steel workpiece 2 is the overlapping joint of two flat plates with a thickness of 0.8 mm. Mix high-entropy alloy powder 200-mesh AlFeCuCoNiTiCr 0.1 medium with acetone evenly, and spray evenly on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 2 to be welded by a pressure sprayer to form a powder medium filling layer 3 . Set the four main welding parameters as follows: welding current I=12000A, electrode pressure F=1860N, welding current duration t2=1.3s. After the acetone in the powder filling layer is volatilized, the flat workpieces to be welded are overlapped and clamped between the upper and lower electrodes 1 . Aim the protective gas nozzle at the welding area, turn on the argon gas protection, and the gas flow rate is 3L/min. Apply electrode pressure to make the workpieces to be welded tightly. Maintain the role of electrode pressure and apply welding current for 1.5s. After the welding current is applied, keep the electrode pressure for 2s until the end of welding. Turn off the argon gas protection, remove the argon gas nozzle, remove the upper and lower electrodes 1, and remove the workpiece. After metallographic observation, the joint forms a single face-centered cubic structure.
实施例2:Example 2:
待焊材料的装夹分别如图1所示,为单脉冲电流焊接工艺。304不锈钢工件2为两块厚度为0.4mm的平板结构的搭接。将高熵合金粉末250目AlFeCuCoNiTiCr0.15介质用酒精混合均匀后,由压力喷洒器均匀喷洒在不锈钢工件2待焊部位的表面,形成粉末介质填充层3。设定主要焊接四参数为:焊接电流I=10000A,电极压力F=1560N,焊接电流持续时间t2=1.3s。待粉末填充层的丙酮挥发后,将待焊平板工件搭接,装夹于上下电极1之间。将保护气喷嘴对准焊接区,开通氩气保护,气流量为4L/min。施加电极压力,使待焊工件压合紧密。保持电极压力的作用,施加焊接电流,持续时间为1.2s。焊接电流作用结束后,保持电极压力一定时间,至焊接结束。关闭氩气保护,移开氩气喷嘴,并移开上下电极1,取下工件,经过金相观察,接头形成单一面心立方组织。The clamping of the materials to be welded is shown in Figure 1, which is a single pulse current welding process. The 304 stainless steel workpiece 2 is the overlapping joint of two flat plates with a thickness of 0.4 mm. Mix high-entropy alloy powder 250-mesh AlFeCuCoNiTiCr 0.15 medium with alcohol evenly, and spray evenly on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 2 to be welded by a pressure sprayer to form a powder medium filling layer 3 . Set the four main welding parameters as follows: welding current I=10000A, electrode pressure F=1560N, welding current duration t2=1.3s. After the acetone in the powder filling layer is volatilized, the flat workpieces to be welded are overlapped and clamped between the upper and lower electrodes 1 . Aim the protective gas nozzle at the welding area, turn on the argon gas protection, and the gas flow rate is 4L/min. Apply electrode pressure to make the workpieces to be welded tightly. Maintain the role of electrode pressure and apply welding current for 1.2s. After the welding current is applied, keep the electrode pressure for a certain period of time until the end of welding. Turn off the argon gas protection, remove the argon gas nozzle, remove the upper and lower electrodes 1, and remove the workpiece. After metallographic observation, the joint forms a single face-centered cubic structure.
实施例3:Example 3:
待焊材料的装夹分别如图1所示,为单脉冲电流焊接工艺。304不锈钢工件2为两块厚度为1mm的平板结构的搭接。将高熵合金粉末300目AlFeCuCoNiTiCr0.2介质用酒精混合均匀后,由压力喷洒器均匀喷洒在不锈钢工件2待焊部位的表面,形成粉末介质填充层3。设定主要焊接四参数为:焊接电流I=13000A,电极压力F=1960N,焊接电流持续时间t2=1.3s。待粉末填充层的丙酮挥发后,将待焊平板工件搭接,装夹于上下电极1之间。将保护气喷嘴对准焊接区,开通氩气保护,气流量为4L/min。施加电极压力,使待焊工件压合紧密。保持电极压力的作用,施加焊接电流,持续时间为1.5s。焊接电流作用结束后,保持电极压力2s,至焊接结束。关闭氩气保护,移开氩气喷嘴,并移开上下电极1,取下工件,经过金相观察,接头形成单一面心立方组织。The clamping of the materials to be welded is shown in Figure 1, which is a single pulse current welding process. The 304 stainless steel workpiece 2 is the overlapping joint of two flat plate structures with a thickness of 1 mm. Mix high-entropy alloy powder 300 mesh AlFeCuCoNiTiCr 0.2 medium with alcohol evenly, and spray it evenly on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 2 to be welded by a pressure sprayer to form a powder medium filling layer 3 . Set the four main welding parameters as follows: welding current I=13000A, electrode pressure F=1960N, welding current duration t2=1.3s. After the acetone in the powder filling layer is volatilized, the flat workpieces to be welded are overlapped and clamped between the upper and lower electrodes 1 . Aim the protective gas nozzle at the welding area, turn on the argon gas protection, and the gas flow rate is 4L/min. Apply electrode pressure to make the workpieces to be welded tightly. Maintain the role of electrode pressure and apply welding current for 1.5s. After the welding current is applied, keep the electrode pressure for 2s until the end of welding. Turn off the argon gas protection, remove the argon gas nozzle, remove the upper and lower electrodes 1, and remove the workpiece. After metallographic observation, the joint forms a single face-centered cubic structure.
实施例4:Example 4:
待焊材料的装夹分别如图1所示,为单脉冲电流焊接工艺。304不锈钢工件2为两块厚度为1.2mm的平板结构的搭接。将高熵合金粉末300目AlFeCuCoNiTiCr0.3介质用酒精混合均匀后,由压力喷洒器均匀喷洒在不锈钢工件2待焊部位的表面,形成粉末介质填充层3。设定主要焊接四参数为:焊接电流I=13500A,电极压力F=1960N,焊接电流持续时间t2=2.3s。待粉末填充层的丙酮挥发后,将待焊平板工件搭接,装夹于上下电极1之间。将保护气喷嘴对准焊接区,开通氩气保护,气流量为4L/min。施加电极压力,使待焊工件压合紧密。保持电极压力的作用,施加焊接电流,持续时间为1.5s。焊接电流作用结束后,保持电极压力2s,至焊接结束。关闭氩气保护,移开氩气喷嘴,并移开上下电极1,取下工件,经过金相观察,接头形成单一面心立方组织。The clamping of the materials to be welded is shown in Figure 1, which is a single pulse current welding process. The 304 stainless steel workpiece 2 is the overlapping joint of two flat plates with a thickness of 1.2 mm. Mix high-entropy alloy powder 300 mesh AlFeCuCoNiTiCr 0.3 medium with alcohol evenly, and spray it evenly on the surface of the stainless steel workpiece 2 to be welded by a pressure sprayer to form a powder medium filling layer 3 . Set the four main welding parameters as: welding current I=13500A, electrode pressure F=1960N, welding current duration t2=2.3s. After the acetone in the powder filling layer is volatilized, the flat workpieces to be welded are overlapped and clamped between the upper and lower electrodes 1 . Aim the protective gas nozzle at the welding area, turn on the argon gas protection, and the gas flow rate is 4L/min. Apply electrode pressure to make the workpieces to be welded tightly. Maintain the role of electrode pressure and apply welding current for 1.5s. After the welding current is applied, keep the electrode pressure for 2s until the end of welding. Turn off the argon gas protection, remove the argon gas nozzle, remove the upper and lower electrodes 1, and remove the workpiece. After metallographic observation, the joint forms a single face-centered cubic structure.
以上所述为本发明的较佳实施例而已,但本发明不应该局限于该实施例所公开的内容。所以凡是不脱离本发明所公开的原理下完成的等效或修改,都落入本发明保护的范围。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention should not be limited to the content disclosed in this embodiment. Therefore, all equivalents or modifications that do not deviate from the principles disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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