CN103250864A - Preparation method of sunflower seed polypeptide - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种葵花籽多肽的制备方法。其步骤包括：a、原料的处理：将低温冷榨脱脂葵花籽饼粉碎后的葵花籽饼粉碎料与水混合均匀值得葵花籽饼混悬液；b、混悬液的均质：将葵花籽饼混悬液均质制得葵花籽饼混合液；c、保温酶解：向葵花籽饼混合液中加入AlcaLase酶与木瓜蛋白酶的混合酶液，酶解条件为温度为50～60℃、pH值7.0～8.5，时间6～8小时，制得葵花籽饼酶解液；d、高温灭菌：将葵花籽饼酶解液的温度快速升温至90～95℃；e、液—固分离：将经过高温灭酶的葵花籽饼酶解液进行液—固分离后除去不溶性固形物，制得葵花籽多肽液；f、浓缩：将葵花籽多肽液浓缩制得葵花籽多肽浓缩液；g、干燥：将葵花籽多肽浓缩液干燥，即得到葵花籽多肽粉。The invention provides a preparation method of sunflower seed polypeptide. The steps include: a. processing of raw materials: mixing the pulverized sunflower seed cake pulverized material of low-temperature cold-pressed defatted sunflower seed cake with water to obtain a sunflower seed cake suspension; b. homogenization of the suspension: mixing sunflower seeds The cake suspension is homogenized to obtain a sunflower seed cake mixture; c, heat preservation enzymolysis: add a mixed enzyme solution of AlcaLase and papain to the sunflower seed cake mixture, and the enzymolysis conditions are that the temperature is 50-60°C and the pH The value is 7.0-8.5, and the time is 6-8 hours, and the sunflower seed cake enzymatic solution is obtained; d, high temperature sterilization: the temperature of the sunflower seed cake enzymatic solution is rapidly raised to 90-95 °C; e, liquid-solid separation: Perform liquid-solid separation on the sunflower seed cake enzymatic hydrolysis solution that has undergone high-temperature deactivation, and then remove insoluble solids to obtain a sunflower seed polypeptide liquid; f, Concentration: Concentrate the sunflower seed polypeptide liquid to obtain a sunflower seed polypeptide concentrated liquid; g, Drying: drying the sunflower seed polypeptide concentrated solution to obtain sunflower seed polypeptide powder.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于食品加工领域，尤其是一种葵花籽多肽的制备方法。The invention belongs to the field of food processing, in particular to a preparation method of sunflower seed polypeptide.
背景技术 Background technique
葵花籽仁中的磷脂，对脑神经有良好保健作用。所提取的葵花籽油含有大量不饱和脂肪酸，有防治动脉硬化的功效[5]。葵花籽仁中含有锌、锰、铬等人体不可缺少的微量元素，可对人体在衰老过程中锌、锰含量日渐降低进行补充。葵花籽蛋白含量一般为14%～l7%，最高可达29.7%，其效价与动物蛋白相近，是一种良好的蛋白质。我国的葵花籽资源非常丰富，但当前开发利用的深度还远远不够，仅局限于初级食品的制作，产品附加值太低。只有对葵花籽进行深加工，开发具有高技术含量的产品，才能让这种宝贵的资源为我们带来更大的利益。目前国内葵花籽油生产厂家已达数十家，大量的脱脂葵花籽粕被作为饲料和肥料或丢弃，废物排放污染环境，其附加值较低。为充分利用我国的山葵花籽资源并提高它的经济价值，对脱脂葵花籽粕进行深加工研究显得尤为重要。近来科学研究发现，人类摄取蛋白质经消化酶作用后，并非主要以氨基酸的形式吸收，而是以多肽的形式吸收，一些多肽不仅能提供人体生长、发育所需的营养物质，同时具有多种生理功能，如改善和提高矿物质运输和吸收、抗菌和病毒、提高免疫力、抗氧化降胆固醇、抗癌作用，清除自由基抗衰老以及抗高血压和高血脂等。因此，利用蛋白酶水解葵花籽粕中的蛋白制备葵花籽多肽粉，实现了利用葵花籽粕提高其附加值的目的。同时，所制得的葵花籽多肽粉具有增强人体免疫力、抗衰老、抗氧化、恢复疲劳等功能。The phospholipids in sunflower seeds have a good health care effect on the cranial nerves. The extracted sunflower oil contains a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, which has the effect of preventing and curing arteriosclerosis [5] . Sunflower seeds contain zinc, manganese, chromium and other indispensable trace elements for the human body, which can supplement the decreasing zinc and manganese content in the aging process of the human body. The protein content of sunflower seeds is generally 14% to 17%, and the highest can reach 29.7%. Its potency is similar to that of animal protein, and it is a good protein. my country's sunflower seeds are very rich in resources, but the depth of current development and utilization is far from enough. It is limited to the production of primary food, and the added value of products is too low. Only by deeply processing sunflower seeds and developing products with high technology content can this precious resource bring us greater benefits. At present, there are dozens of domestic sunflower oil manufacturers, and a large amount of defatted sunflower meal is used as feed and fertilizer or discarded, and the waste discharge pollutes the environment, and its added value is low. In order to make full use of our country's wasabi flower resources and improve its economic value, it is particularly important to study the deep processing of defatted sunflower seed meal. Recent scientific research has found that human beings absorb protein not mainly in the form of amino acids but in the form of polypeptides after being acted on by digestive enzymes. Some polypeptides can not only provide the nutrients needed for human growth and development, but also have various physiological functions. Functions, such as improving and enhancing mineral transport and absorption, antibacterial and virus, improving immunity, anti-oxidation and lowering cholesterol, anti-cancer effects, scavenging free radicals for anti-aging, anti-hypertension and hyperlipidemia, etc. Therefore, the use of protease to hydrolyze the protein in the sunflower seed meal to prepare the sunflower seed polypeptide powder realizes the purpose of using the sunflower seed meal to increase its added value. At the same time, the prepared sunflower seed polypeptide powder has the functions of enhancing human immunity, anti-aging, anti-oxidation, and recovering from fatigue.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种葵花籽多肽粉的制备方法生产工艺，解决了高脂肪的葵花籽蛋白质的降解问题，可将脱脂葵花籽粕中的各种营养成分降解，使其生成能为人体直接吸收的、营养丰富的葵花籽多肽粉。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a production process for the preparation of sunflower seed polypeptide powder, which solves the problem of degradation of high-fat sunflower seed protein, and can degrade various nutritional components in defatted sunflower seed meal to make it produce Nutritious sunflower seed polypeptide powder that can be directly absorbed by the human body.
为解决上述技术问题本发明所采用的技术方案是：For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
一种葵花籽多肽的制备方法，该制备方法包括以下步骤：A preparation method of sunflower seed polypeptide, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
a、原料的精选：以颜色正常、无异无霉变个脱脂葵花籽饼为原料；a. Selection of raw materials: Use defatted sunflower seed cakes with normal color, no difference and no mildew as raw materials;
b、原料的预处理：将脱脂葵花籽饼粉碎后的葵花籽饼粉碎料与水混合均匀制得葵花籽饼混悬液；b. Pretreatment of raw materials: mixing the sunflower seed cake pulverized material after the defatted sunflower seed cake is pulverized with water to obtain a sunflower seed cake suspension;
c、混悬液的均质：将葵花籽饼混悬液均质制得葵花籽饼混合液；c, the homogeneity of the suspension: the sunflower seed cake suspension is homogenized to obtain the sunflower seed cake mixed solution;
d、保温酶解：向葵花籽饼混合液中加入AlcaLase酶与木瓜蛋白酶的混合酶液，混合酶液的添加量为葵花籽饼混合液质量的0.03%～0.05%，酶水解条件为温度为50～60℃、pH值7.0～8.5，时间6～8小时，制得葵花籽饼酶解液；d. Heat preservation enzymolysis: Add AlcaLase enzyme and papain mixed enzyme solution to the sunflower seed cake mixed solution, the amount of mixed enzyme solution added is 0.03% to 0.05% of the mass of the sunflower seed cake mixed solution, and the enzymatic hydrolysis condition is that the temperature is 50-60°C, pH value 7.0-8.5, time 6-8 hours, to prepare sunflower seed cake enzymatic hydrolysis solution;
e、高温灭菌：将葵花籽饼酶解液的温度快速升温至90～95℃，并保温8～10分钟；e. High-temperature sterilization: quickly raise the temperature of the sunflower seed cake enzymatic hydrolysis solution to 90-95°C, and keep it warm for 8-10 minutes;
f、液—固分离：将经过高温灭酶的葵花籽饼酶解液进行液—固分离后除去不溶性固形物，制得葵花籽多肽液；f. Liquid-solid separation: after liquid-solid separation of the enzymatic hydrolyzate of sunflower seed cake that has undergone high-temperature deenzyme removal, the insoluble solids are removed to obtain a sunflower seed polypeptide liquid;
g、浓缩：将葵花籽多肽液浓缩制得葵花籽多肽浓缩液；g. Concentration: Concentrating the sunflower seed polypeptide liquid to obtain a sunflower seed polypeptide concentrated liquid;
h、干燥：将葵花籽多肽浓缩液干燥，即得到葵花籽多肽粉。h. Drying: drying the sunflower seed polypeptide concentrated solution to obtain sunflower seed polypeptide powder.
步骤b中，将脱脂葵花籽饼用粉碎机粉碎并过40目筛后制得葵花籽饼粉碎料，再将葵花籽饼粉碎料与水按重量比1:4～6的比例混合均匀后制得葵花籽饼混悬液。In step b, crush the defatted sunflower seed cake with a pulverizer and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain crushed sunflower seed cake, and then mix the crushed sunflower seed cake and water evenly in a weight ratio of 1:4-6 to prepare Obtain sunflower seed cake suspension.
步骤c中，将葵花籽饼混悬液通过胶体磨磨浆后再通过高压均质机均质处理制得葵花籽饼混合液，均质压力为25～30Mpa。In step c, the sunflower seed cake suspension is subjected to colloidal grinding and then homogenized by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a sunflower seed cake mixed solution, and the homogenization pressure is 25-30 MPa.
步骤d中，混合酶液的AlcaLase酶与木瓜蛋白酶的体积比为AlcaLase酶：木瓜蛋白酶=1:1.。In step d, the volume ratio of AlcaLase enzyme and papain in the mixed enzyme liquid is AlcaLase enzyme: papain = 1:1.
步骤f中，采用碟片离心机对桃饼酶解液进行液—固分离。In step f, a disc centrifuge is used to perform liquid-solid separation of the peach cake enzymatic solution.
步骤g中，采用真空浓缩制得葵花籽多肽浓缩液，葵花籽多肽浓缩液的水分含量为65～70%。In step g, the sunflower seed polypeptide concentrated solution is obtained by vacuum concentration, and the water content of the sunflower seed polypeptide concentrated solution is 65-70%.
步骤h中，采用喷雾干燥的方式制得葵花籽多肽粉。In step h, the sunflower seed polypeptide powder is prepared by spray drying.
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下优点和效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:
（1） 用“碱溶酸沉”制备出高含量葵花蛋白，为提取葵花籽生物活性多肽提供高品质原料。(1) Using "alkali-soluble acid precipitation" to prepare high-content sunflower protein, providing high-quality raw materials for the extraction of sunflower seed bioactive polypeptides.
（2） 采用超滤法对葵花籽多肽粉进行分级处理，保证95 %的葵花籽多肽分子量在3 000 Da以下，并对于分子量3 000 Da以上的葵花籽多肽进行二次酶解，提高原料的利用率；(2) Use ultrafiltration to classify sunflower seed polypeptide powder to ensure that 95% of the sunflower seed polypeptide molecular weight is below 3 000 Da, and perform secondary enzymatic hydrolysis on sunflower seed peptides with a molecular weight above 3 000 Da to improve the quality of raw materials. utilization rate;
（3） 利用阴阳交换树脂对葵花籽多肽粗品进行脱盐，在脱盐的同时，也可去除葵花籽多多肽粉中的色素成分，起到脱色的作用；(3) Use yin-yang exchange resin to desalt the crude product of sunflower seed polypeptide. At the same time of desalting, it can also remove the pigment components in the sunflower seed polypeptide powder, and play a role in decolorization;
（5） 由本发明制备并精制的葵花籽多多肽粉，分子量低、产品稳定性好，具有良好的抗疲劳、降血压、抗氧化等效果。(5) The sunflower seed polypeptide powder prepared and refined by the present invention has low molecular weight, good product stability, and good anti-fatigue, blood pressure-lowering, anti-oxidation and other effects.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
实施例Example
一种葵花籽多肽的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：A method for preparing a sunflower seed polypeptide, the method comprising the steps of:
a、原料的处理：将脱脂葵花籽饼用粉碎机粉碎并过40目筛后制得葵花籽饼粉碎料，再将葵花籽饼粉碎料与水按重量比1:4的比例混合均匀后制得葵花籽饼混悬液。a. Processing of raw materials: crush the defatted sunflower seed cake with a pulverizer and pass through a 40-mesh sieve to obtain crushed sunflower seed cake, and then mix the crushed sunflower seed cake with water in a ratio of 1:4 by weight to prepare Obtain sunflower seed cake suspension.
b、混悬液的均质：将葵花籽饼混悬液通过胶体磨磨浆后再通过高压均质机均质处理制得葵花籽饼混合液，均质压力为30Mpa。b. Homogenization of the suspension: the sunflower seed cake suspension is subjected to colloidal grinding and then homogenized by a high-pressure homogenizer to obtain a sunflower seed cake mixture, and the homogenization pressure is 30Mpa.
c、保温酶解：向葵花籽饼混合液中加入AlcaLase酶与木瓜蛋白酶的混合酶液，c, heat preservation enzymolysis: add the mixed enzyme solution of AlcaLase enzyme and papain in the sunflower seed cake mixed solution,
混合酶液的AlcaLase酶与木瓜蛋白酶的体积比为AlcaLase酶：木瓜蛋白酶=1:1.混合酶液的添加量为葵花籽饼混合液质量的0.05%，酶隋杰条件为温度为60℃、pH值7.0，时间8小时，制得葵花籽饼酶解液；The volume ratio of AlcaLase enzyme and papain in the mixed enzyme solution is AlcaLase enzyme: papain = 1:1. The amount of mixed enzyme solution added is 0.05% of the mass of the mixed solution of sunflower seed cake, and the condition of the enzyme is 60 °C, The pH value is 7.0, and the time is 8 hours, and the sunflower seed cake enzymatic solution is obtained;
d、高温灭菌：将葵花籽饼酶解液的温度快速升温至95℃，并保温10分钟；d. High-temperature sterilization: quickly raise the temperature of the sunflower seed cake enzymatic hydrolysis solution to 95° C., and keep it warm for 10 minutes;
e、液—固分离：将经过高温灭酶的葵花籽饼酶解液进行液—固分离后除去不溶性固形物，制得葵花籽多肽液；e. Liquid-solid separation: the sunflower seed cake enzymatic hydrolyzate that has undergone high-temperature deactivation is subjected to liquid-solid separation to remove insoluble solids to obtain a sunflower seed polypeptide liquid;
f、浓缩：将葵花籽多肽液采用真空浓缩制得葵花籽多肽浓缩液，葵花籽多肽浓缩液的水分含量为70%。浓缩制得葵花籽多多肽浓缩液；f. Concentration: The sunflower seed polypeptide liquid is vacuum concentrated to obtain a sunflower seed polypeptide concentrated liquid, and the water content of the sunflower seed polypeptide concentrated liquid is 70%. Concentrating to obtain a sunflower seed polypeptide concentrate;
g、干燥：将葵花籽多多肽浓缩液采用喷雾干燥的方式制得葵花籽多肽粉。g. Drying: The sunflower seed polypeptide powder is prepared by spray drying the concentrated sunflower seed polypeptide.
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