CN1032382C - Variable passage swirl chamber type combustion chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention-variable channel vortex chamber type combustion chamber belongs to the field of internal combustion engines, which is composed of a main combustion chamber, a vortex chamber, a vortex chamber insert and a plug. The plugs are cylindrical, cylindrical and semi-cylindrical, and the inserts matched with them are inserts for channels with variable bevel angles or fixed bevel angles. The invention not only maintains the advantages of the original vortex chamber combustion, but also approaches the level of the direct injection combustion chamber in terms of fuel consumption. Compared with the original vortex chamber type model, the original structure can be basically kept unchanged, which is conducive to collinear production and popularization and application, and has the advantages of simple structure and high thermal efficiency.

Description

Variable channel vortex chamber combustor

The invention belongs to the field of internal combustion engines and is suitable for the use occasion of a vortex chamber type combustion chamber.

The combustion of the vortex chamber combustion chamber is a combustion process that gradually expands from the auxiliary chamber to the main chamber. After the working medium is mixed, ignited and burned in the auxiliary chamber, the temperature and pressure of the working medium rise sharply with the progress of the combustion process. Burned or unburned (including insufficiently burned) working fluid is sprayed to the main chamber through the channel at a very high speed, and mixed with the air in the main chamber for combustion again to complete the combustion process. In addition to the important factor of perfect combustion, the thermal efficiency of the engine mainly depends on the combustion heat release rate, the time of the main heat release stage, and the combustion duration in terms of the organization of the combustion process. Since the combustion process of the vortex chamber combustor is divided into two combustion stages, the auxiliary chamber and the main chamber successively, the combustion heat release rate, combustion duration and main heat release stage of the main chamber are decisively restricted by the connecting channel between the main chamber and the auxiliary chamber. Affects the thermal efficiency and economy of the engine. Although the channel throttling loss consumes mechanical work during the compression process and energy of the working fluid during the expansion process, what is more important is the combustion process of the main chamber caused by the throttling of the working fluid to the main chamber at the beginning of the expansion process. lag. In this regard, it is beneficial to increase the cross section of the channel, but this will inevitably reduce the energy of the working fluid flowing into and out of the auxiliary chamber, which will worsen the combustion of the main and auxiliary chambers. Obviously, it is not enough to simply increase the cross section of the passage. Ideally, at the beginning of the compression process, the channel has a larger cross-section, and the throttling loss of the air flowing from the main chamber into the auxiliary chamber is as small as possible. When the piston is close to the top dead center, the passage cross-section is smaller to ensure The necessary streamlined shape and sufficient mixing energy for the air entering the auxiliary chamber make the working fluids in the auxiliary chamber well mixed and combusted. The advantages of the vortex chamber combustion chamber combustion method can be brought into full play. And when the expansion process starts, the cross section of the channel can be expanded rapidly, reducing the energy loss of the working fluid flowing out, so that the working fluid in the auxiliary chamber can enter the main chamber as soon as possible, and mixed with the combustion, so as to accelerate the combustion rate of the main chamber and shorten the combustion duration. Improve thermal efficiency. Thus, the design idea of the variable channel vortex chamber combustion chamber is produced. For example, the Soviet patent (S.U.909243) discloses a variable passage vortex chamber type combustion chamber. Its shortcoming is that the plug and the piston top are cast into one body, so that the metal distribution of the piston top is uneven, which is prone to thermal cracking and is unfavorable for processing. In addition, to use it in the existing conventional swirl chamber type combustion chamber, its structure is too different, and the cylinder head and piston need to be replaced. In addition, the direction of the vortex flow in the auxiliary chamber of the invention is opposite to that of the injector, which makes the combustion in the auxiliary chamber rough and noisy. Another prior art U.S. Patent (U.S.4875445) also discloses a variable channel vortex chamber type combustion chamber, the plug of the combustion chamber is arranged on one side of the insert, relying on a bellows that can expand/contract with temperature changes , so that the plug protrudes and retracts to change the cross-sectional area of the channel. The disadvantage of this invention is that the plug is easily stuck in the insert by carbon deposits, and the reliability is poor due to the large number of parts.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a variable channel vortex chamber type combustion chamber structure that can overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following three technical solutions. The first kind of technical scheme that adopts is (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4): by main combustion chamber 1, vortex chamber 7, insert 4, communicate main combustion chamber and vortex chamber and have passage 5 and a The plug 3 can change the flow area of the channel 5. The plug 3 is set on the side of the top of the piston close to the vortex chamber 7 . The shape of the plug 3 (Fig. 2) is a cylindrical structure, the cross-section of the middle part is rectangular, and the four corners of the rectangle are arc-shaped; Folded surface, the intersection angles between the oblique folded surface and the cross-section of the cylinder are α=30°-45°, β=35°-60°; both ends of the upper middle part are planes perpendicular to the center line of the cylinder; the lower part is threaded The structure is coupled with the piston. The plug 3 can be matched with the single-sided beveled insert channel (Fig. 3) or the bilateral variable-beveled insert channel (Fig. 4), respectively. The cross-section of the insert channel is rectangular, and the four corners of the rectangle are in the shape of arcs. , bevel angle α=30°-45°, β=35°-60°.

Two of the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is (Fig. 5, Fig. 6): it is by main combustion chamber 1, vortex chamber 7, insert 4, communicates main combustion chamber and vortex chamber with the fixed inclination angle of an oblique angle β ' The channel 5 is composed of a plug 3 which can change the flow area of the channel 5 . The plug 3 ( FIG. 5 ) is arranged on the side of the piston top close to the vortex chamber 7 . The shape of the plug 3 is a cylindrical structure, the cross-section of the middle part is rectangular, the four corners of the rectangle are arc-shaped, the upper part is a part of the cylinder after beveling, and the angle between the bevel and the cross-section of the cylinder is β′ =35°-60°, the two ends of the upper middle part are respectively planes perpendicular to the center line of the cylinder, and the lower part is connected with the piston by a threaded structure. The plug 3 is matched with the beveled insert channel (Fig. 6). The cross section of the insert channel is rectangular, the four corners of the rectangle are in the shape of circular arcs, and the bevel angle β'=35°-60°.

The third technical scheme that the present invention adopts is (Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Fig. 10): it has an oblique angle β by the main combustion chamber 1, the vortex chamber 7, the insert 4, and communicates with the main combustion chamber and the vortex chamber "The fixed-inclination passage 5 and a plug 3 that can change the flow area of the passage 5 are composed. The plug 3 is arranged on the side of the piston top close to the vortex chamber 7. The shape of the plug 3 is a cylinder Structure (Fig. 7), its upper part is a part after the beveling of the cylinder, and there is a semicircular groove with the same bevel angle on the bevel of the beta " bevel, and the angle of intersection between the bevel and the cross section of the cylinder is beta "=35 ° -60°; both ends of the cylinder are perpendicular to the centerline of the cylinder, and the lower part is connected with the piston by a thread structure. The plug 3 is matched with a bevel angle of β″=35°-60° and a circular cross-section fixed bevel insert channel (Fig. 9). This plug can also be a semi-cylindrical structure (Fig. 8) , the upper part of which is a part of the half cylinder after chamfering, the angle between the chamfered surface and the cross section of the half cylinder is β″=35°-60°, and the bevel angle is β″=35°—60°, and the cross section is The semi-circular bevel insert channel (Fig. 10) matches.

The advantages of the present invention are: (1) not only maintain the advantages of the original vortex chamber, but also approach the level of the direct injection combustion chamber in terms of fuel consumption; Uneven distribution, prone to thermal cracking, can also avoid the plug being stuck by carbon deposits, and improve reliability; (3) Due to the combined structure, compared with the original vortex chamber model, the original machine structure can be basically maintained (4) Due to the variable channel structure, the loss of working fluid flowing through the channel is reduced, the heat release rate of the main chamber is improved, and the combustion duration of the main chamber is shortened, so that the engine The cycle isovolume is improved, thus improving the thermal efficiency.

Description of drawings:

Figure 1. Structural schematic diagram of variable channel vortex chamber combustion chamber;

Figure 2. Structural diagram of variable-angle cylindrical plug, Figure 2(a) is the front view, and Figure 2(b) is the

Top view, Figure 2(c) is a perspective view; Figure 3. The channel is a single-sided beveled block structure diagram, Figure 3(a) is the structure of Figure 3(b)

Top view, Fig. 3 (b) is the BB sectional view of Fig. 3 (a), and Fig. 3 (c) is the sectional view of Fig.

3(b) A-direction view; Figure 4. The channel is a double-sided oblique angle insert structure diagram, Figure 4(a) is Figure 4(b)

Top view, Fig. 4 (b) is the BB sectional view of Fig. 4 (a), and Fig. 4 (c) is the sectional view of Fig.

4(b) A-direction view; Figure 5. Structural diagram of fixed-inclination cylindrical plug, Figure 5(a) is the front view, and Figure 5(b) is the

Top view, Figure 5(c) is a perspective view; Figure 6. The cross-section of the channel is a rectangle, and the four corners of the rectangle are fixed inclinations connected by circular arcs

The structure diagram of the corner insert, Figure 6(a) is the top view of Figure 6(b), and Figure 6(b) is

BB sectional view of Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (c) is A direction view of Fig. 6 (b)

Figure; Figure 7. Structural diagram of a fixed bevel cylindrical plug, Figure 7(a) is a front view, Figure 7(b)

It is a top view, and Fig. 7(c) is a sectional view of B-B of Fig. 7(a); Fig. 8. The structural diagram of a semi-cylindrical plug with a fixed bevel angle, Fig. 8(a) is a front view, Fig. 8

(b) is a top view, and Fig. 8 (c) is a sectional view of B-B of Fig. 8 (a); Fig. 9. The channel cross section is a circular fixed bevel insert structure diagram, and Fig. 9 (a) is a diagram

The top view of 9(b), Fig. 9(b) is the BB sectional view of Fig. 9(a), Fig. 9

(c) is the A-direction view of Figure 9(b); Figure 10. The structure diagram of the fixed bevel insert with a semicircular channel cross section, Figure 10(a)

It is the top view of Fig. 10(b), and Fig. 10(b) is the BB section of Fig. 10(a)

View, Fig. 10(c) is the A-direction view of Fig. 10(b).

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described as follows: Among the present invention, the matching of plug and insert can form following five kinds of schemes: (1) Fig. 2 variable bevel angle (α=30°-45°, β=35° -60 °) cylinder-shaped plug is matched with the insert in Fig. 3 channel as unilateral bevel angle (α=30 °-45 °, β=35 °-60 °), forming scheme one;

(2) Fig. 2 variable bevel angle (α=30°-45°, β=35°-60°) cylindrical plug and Fig. 4

The channel is matched with the inserts with double-sided oblique angles, forming the second scheme;

(3) Fig. 5 fixed bevel angle (β' = 35°-60°) cylinder-shaped plug and Fig. 6 channel are fixed

The bevel angle (β′=35°—60°) inserts are matched to form the third scheme;

(4) Figure 7 fixed bevel angle (β″=35°-60°) cylindrical plug and Figure 9 channel cross section

The surface is round and fixed bevel (β″=35°-60°) inserts to match, the composition scheme

Four;

(5) Figure 8 fixed bevel angle (β″=35°-60°) semi-cylindrical plug and Figure 10 channel transverse

The cross-section is matched with the fixed bevel angle (β″=35°-60°) insert, which is composed of

Option five.

Below with scheme one as embodiment the present invention is further described as follows:

Fig. 1 is the structural principle diagram of the present invention, and 1 among Fig. 1 is combustion chamber space, is made of cylinder liner 11, cylinder head 10 and the piston 2 that can move up and down, is connected with plug 3 with screw thread on the piston top side, also The lower end of the plug can be made into a cylinder and pressed on the top side of the piston, forming an interference fit and fixed horizontally with a pin. The plug is made of heat-resistant material and is a cylindrical structure (Fig. 2), α=30°-45°, β=35°-60°. The cylinder head is provided with an auxiliary chamber insert 4, and an insert channel 5 is opened in the insert. The structure of the channel is a single-sided channel with variable bevel angle (Fig. 3), α=30°-45°, β=35 °-60°, both ends of the channel of the insert communicate with the main combustion chamber 1 and the auxiliary combustion chamber 8 respectively. The auxiliary combustion chamber space 7 is hemispherical in the upper part and the lower part, and is cylindrical between the two hemispherical shapes; Wherein the inverted hemispherical block 6 and the insert block 4 also can be made into one. Fuel injector 9 is installed on the auxiliary combustion chamber upper end. The working process of the combustion chamber is: during the compression stroke, the piston 2 goes up to compress the air in the main combustion chamber space 1, and the air enters the auxiliary combustion chamber space 7 through the insert channel 5, forming a reverse chamber with the same shape as the auxiliary combustion chamber (vortex chamber). A vortex that rotates clockwise. When the piston is close to the top dead center, the plug 3 is inserted into the channel 5 of the insert, so that the flow section of the channel becomes smaller rapidly and continuously, which improves the vortex strength of the air flowing into the auxiliary chamber, and ensures that the fuel and air injected into the auxiliary chamber along the air flow are well mixed. energy. At the beginning of the expansion stroke, when the piston is close to the top dead center, the plug is still in the passage. Due to the small cross-sectional area of the passage, the working fluid flowing out of the auxiliary chamber has greater injection energy. When the piston continues to descend, the plug quickly leaves the passage, so that the cross section of the passage increases rapidly and continuously, and the working fluid quickly flows out of the auxiliary chamber and enters the main chamber, which speeds up the secondary mixing and combustion with the air in the main chamber, thereby improving the thermal efficiency of the engine.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of variable passage swirl chamber type combustion chamber, it by main combustion chamber (1), vortex chamber (7), insert (4), be communicated with main combustion chamber and vortex chamber and have α and the variable inclination passage at two oblique angles of β (5) and the plug (3) that can change the circulation area of passage (5) are formed, it is characterized by described plug (3) and be arranged on piston head by on the side of vortex chamber (7), the shape of plug (3) is a kind of cylinder shape structure, middle cross section is a rectangle, and four angles of rectangle are circular shape; Top is the part after cylinder is cut sth. askew, and it forms an inclined broken surface by two inclined-planes, and the angle of cut of this inclined broken surface and cylinder cross section is respectively α=30 °-45 °, β=35 °-60 °; Last middle part both ends of the surface respectively are the plane vertical with the cylinder center line; The bottom connects with piston with worm structure.This plug (3) and the variable inclination passage coupling of inserting, the channel cross-section of inserting is a rectangle, four angles of rectangle are circular shape, oblique angle α=30 °-45 °, β=35 °-60 °.

2, a kind of variable passage swirl chamber type combustion chamber, it by main combustion chamber (1), vortex chamber (7), insert (4), be communicated with main combustion chamber and vortex chamber and have the passage (5) of the fixed inclination of an oblique angle β ' and the plug (3) of a circulation area that can change passage (5) is formed, it is characterized by described plug (3) and be arranged on piston head by on the side of vortex chamber (7), the shape of plug (3) is a kind of cylinder shape structure, middle cross section is a rectangle, and four angles of rectangle are circular shape; Top is the part after cylinder is cut sth. askew, and the angle of cut of scarf and cylinder cross section is β '=35 °-60 °; Last middle part both ends of the surface respectively are the plane vertical with the cylinder center line; The bottom connects with piston with worm structure, the passage coupling of inserting of this plug (3) and fixed inclination, and the channel cross-section of inserting is a rectangle, four angles of rectangle are circular shape, oblique angle β '=35 °-60 °.

3, a kind of variable passage swirl chamber type combustion chamber, it is by main combustion chamber (1), vortex chamber (7), insert (4), be communicated with main combustion chamber with the vortex chamber and have an oblique angle β " fixed inclination passage (5) and plug (3) composition of a circulation area that can change passage (5); it is characterized by described plug (3) and be arranged on piston head and lean on the side of vortex chamber (7); the shape of plug (3) is a kind of cylindrical structure; its top is the part after cylindrical body is cut sth. askew; at the half slot at the β oblique angle that " an identical β arranged " on the inclined-plane at oblique angle, the angle of cut of scarf and cylindrical body cross section is β "=35 °-60 °; The cylindrical body both ends of the surface are vertical with the cylindrical body center line; The bottom connects with piston with worm structure.This plug (3) and oblique angle are β "=35 °-60 °, cross section are the circular fixed inclination passage coupling of inserting; this plug also can be the semicylinder structure; its top is the part after semicylinder is cut sth. askew; the angle of scarf and semicylinder cross section is β "=35 °-60 °, being β with the oblique angle, "=35 °-60 °, cross section are that the semicircular fixed inclination passage of inserting mates.

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