CN103235189A - High-precision micro resistor measurement method based on double-current voltage ratio method and measurement system for realizing method - Google Patents
High-precision micro resistor measurement method based on double-current voltage ratio method and measurement system for realizing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种基于双电流电压比率法的微电阻高精度测量方法及实现该方法的测量系统，涉及一种电阻的高精度测量方法及其系统，具体涉及一种微小电阻的检测方法及其系统，目的是为了解决现有微电阻测量技术中电源精度以及叠加在被测量的微电压信号上的直流干扰对测量精度的影响的问题，本发明的测量系统包括被测电阻、标准电阻、可调限流电阻、可控电源、滤波放大器、A/D转换器、单片机系统、显示器和操作键盘，首先，采用电压比率法消除电源对测量精度的影响，其次，通过双电流法消除被测电阻的阻值上的直流干扰电压，本发明适用于微电阻测量技术领域。
A high-precision measurement method for micro-resistance based on a double-current-voltage ratio method and a measurement system for realizing the method, it relates to a high-precision measurement method and system for resistance, and specifically relates to a detection method and system for micro-resistance. In order to solve the problem of power supply accuracy and the influence of DC interference superimposed on the measured micro-voltage signal on the measurement accuracy in the existing micro-resistance measurement technology, the measurement system of the present invention includes a measured resistance, a standard resistance, an adjustable current limiting Resistors, controllable power supplies, filter amplifiers, A/D converters, single-chip microcomputer systems, displays and operating keyboards, firstly, use the voltage ratio method to eliminate the influence of the power supply on the measurement accuracy, and secondly, use the double current method to eliminate the resistance value of the measured resistor The DC interference voltage above, the invention is applicable to the technical field of micro-resistance measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-precision measuring method and system thereof of resistance, be specifically related to a kind of detection method and system thereof of small resistance.
Background technology
In the electrical engineering field, often run into the problem of microresistivity survey, as the conductor material resistivity measurement, unit length conductor DC resistance measurement etc.Since this slightly resistance often be in tens μ Ω to the tens m Ω orders of magnitude, measure relatively difficulty.At present, the microresistivity survey instrument that provides on the market is generally direct-flow double bridge and digital micro-OHM meter.Direct-flow double bridge needs balance adjustment, and the measurement automaticity is low and influenced by adjustable element variation and human factor; Digital micro-OHM meter generally adopts constant current source and high accuracy number voltage measurement technology, measures automaticity, measuring speed and accuracy of measurement height, and the trend that progressively substitutes direct-flow double bridge is arranged.In the development process of digital micro-OHM meter, main difficult point is the making of high precise current source, data acquisition and the Anti-Jamming Technique of high precision micro voltage signal.Wherein high precise current source is made difficulty, influences the class of accuracy of microresistivity survey always; The data acquisition of high precision micro voltage can utilize the high performance operational amplifier and the high-order A/D converter that provide on the market to solve; Interference generally comprises electric field interference, magnetic interference and direct current and disturbs, the interference of electromagnetic field can effectively suppress by the method for shielding and filtering, direct current disturbs and directly is superimposed upon on the measured micro voltage signal, little resistance is accurately measured produced very large influence, and rejection ratio is difficult.
In the voltage ratio method is measured ultimate principle, can suppress to exchange interference effectively by technology such as shielding and filtering, ignored the influence of direct current interference to measurement.Thermoelectrical potential, amplifying circuit imbalance and the temperature of measuring the loop floated etc. and to be formed direct current and disturb, and is superimposed upon in the measured voltage drop, because measured voltage drop is faint, the direct current of stack disturbs and can produce very large measuring error, and existing measuring method all can't be eliminated.Find by actual measurement, see for a long time that this direct current disturbs factor affecting such as being subjected to temperature variation can produce certain fluctuation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disturb problem to the influence of measuring accuracy in order to solve power supply precision in the existing microresistivity survey technology and to be superimposed upon direct current on the measured micro voltage signal, the present invention proposes a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method and realize the measuring system of this method.
A kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method, detailed process is as follows, at first, the power supply outgoing side that measured resistance, fixed value resistance and adjustable current-limiting resistance is connected on controllable direct current power supply constitutes the series connection closed-loop path, the output voltage of described controllable direct current power supply is E, and the resistance of measured resistance is R
X, the resistance of fixed value resistance is R
0, the resistance of adjustable current-limiting resistance is R
1, adopt the measurement of four-wire ohm measuring method to obtain the measuring voltage U at fixed value resistance two ends
1, the measured resistance two ends measuring voltage U
2With the electric current I of series connection closed-loop path, calculate the resistance R of measured resistance
X,
Secondly, eliminate the resistance R of measured resistance by the double-current method
XOn interference voltages, to eliminate disturb the resistance R of back measured resistance
X
Present embodiment adopts the voltage ratio method to eliminate the influence of the measured resistance measuring accuracy of output voltage E of controllable direct current power supply, the resistance R of fixed value resistance
XKnown, for the resistance R of demarcating measured resistance
X, adjustable current-limiting resistance is used for the size of control survey electric current I.
The described resistance that calculates measured resistance, its detailed process is, according to formula
Calculate the resistance R that obtains measured resistance
X
Described formula
R
0Be according to formula
Derivation obtains.
The described resistance R that eliminates measured resistance by the double-current method
XOn interference voltages, to eliminate disturb the resistance R of back measured resistance
X, its detailed process is as follows:
The output voltage that controllable direct current power supply is set is respectively E
1And E
2, and E
1Greater than E
2,
When the output voltage of controllable direct current power supply is E
1, the electric current of this series connection closed-loop path correspondence is I
1, the voltage of measuring the fixed value resistance two ends obtains measuring voltage U
11, the voltage of measuring the measured resistance two ends obtains measuring voltage U
21,
When the output voltage of controllable direct current power supply is E
2, the electric current of this series connection closed-loop path correspondence is I
2, the voltage of measuring the fixed value resistance two ends obtains measuring voltage U
12, the voltage of measuring the measured resistance two ends obtains measuring voltage U
22, according to formula
Calculate and obtain to eliminate the resistance R that disturbs the back measured resistance
X
The described resistance R that eliminates measured resistance by the double-current method of present embodiment
XOn interference voltages, to eliminate disturb the resistance R of back measured resistance
XPrinciple be:
When the output voltage of controllable direct current power supply is E
1, the electric current of this series connection closed-loop path correspondence is I
1, the voltage of measuring the fixed value resistance two ends obtains measuring voltage U
11, the voltage acquisition measuring voltage of measuring the measured resistance two ends is U
21,
U is then arranged
11=U
01+ E
S1(3),
U
21=U
x1+E
s2 （4），
Wherein, U
01Be the virtual voltage at fixed value resistance two ends, U
X1Be the virtual voltage at measured resistance two ends, E
S1Be measuring voltage U
11On interference voltages, E
S2Be measuring voltage U
21On interference voltages;
When the output voltage of controllable direct current power supply is E
2, the electric current of this series connection closed-loop path correspondence is I
2, the voltage of measuring the fixed value resistance two ends obtains measuring voltage U
12, the voltage of measuring measured resistance 1 two ends obtains measuring voltage U
22,
U is then arranged
12=U
02+ E
S3(5),
U
22=U
x2+E
s4 （6），
Wherein, U
02Be the virtual voltage at fixed value resistance two ends, U
X2Be the virtual voltage at measured resistance two ends, E
S3Be measuring voltage U
12On interference voltages, E
S4Be measuring voltage U
22On interference voltages;
Wherein, E
S1=E
S3, E
S2=E
S4
Calculate U by formula (3), (4), (5) and (6)
11-U
12=U
01-U
02=R
0(I
1-I
2) (7),
U
21-U
22=U
X1-U
X2=R
x(I
1-I
2) （8），
Arrangement formula (7) and formula (8),
From formula
In can draw, adopt the double-current method to eliminate interference voltages to the influence of measuring accuracy.
Described electric current I
1And I
2Pulsewidth identical, be 1 second.
Described electric current I
1Amplitude be 1A.
Described electric current I
2Amplitude be 5A.
Described electric current I
1And I
2Continuous alternately output has constituted the cycle and is 2 seconds periodic current.
Realize a kind of measuring system of the little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method, described measuring system comprises measured resistance, fixed value resistance, adjustable current-limiting resistance, controllable electric power, filter amplifier, A/D converter, Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, display and operation keyboard, one end ground connection of described measured resistance, the other end of measured resistance is connected with an end of fixed value resistance, the other end of this fixed value resistance is connected with an end of adjustable current-limiting resistance, the other end of adjustable current-limiting resistance is connected with the positive source output terminal of controllable electric power, the power cathode input end of controllable electric power is connected with the voltage control signal output terminal of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, adopt the four-wire ohm measuring method to gather the terminal voltage signal of fixed value resistance, and this voltage signal is sent to filter amplifier; Adopt the four-wire ohm measuring method to gather the terminal voltage signal of measured resistance, and this voltage signal is sent to filter amplifier; The signal output part of filter amplifier is connected with the input end of analog signal of A/D converter, the digital signal output end of described A/D converter is connected with the collection signal input part of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, the demonstration signal output part of described Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system is connected with the signal input part of display, and described operation keyboard signal output part is connected with the signal input part of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system.
Of the present invention a kind of based on double-current voltage ratio method little resistance high-precision measuring method and realize that the beneficial effect that the measuring system of this method is brought is: adopt the voltage ratio method to eliminate power supply to the influence of measuring accuracy, adopt the double-current method to eliminate the direct current interference to the influence of measuring accuracy, it has the strong and accurate high characteristics of measurement of antijamming capability, its antijamming capability has improved more than 30%, and accuracy of measurement can reach 0.1 micro-ohm level.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the equivalent circuit diagram of the described a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method of embodiment one.
Fig. 2 is in the embodiment three, when the output voltage of controllable direct current power supply is E
1The time, the equivalent circuit diagram of described a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method.
Fig. 3 is for realizing the measuring principle of measurement system block diagram of the described a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method of embodiment one.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the described a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method of present embodiment, detailed process is as follows, at first, the power supply outgoing side that measured resistance 1, fixed value resistance 2 and adjustable current-limiting resistance 3 is connected on controllable direct current power supply constitutes the series connection closed-loop path, the output voltage of described controllable direct current power supply is E, and the resistance of measured resistance 1 is R
X, the resistance of fixed value resistance 2 is R
0, the resistance of adjustable current-limiting resistance 3 is R
1, adopt the measurement of four-wire ohm measuring method to obtain the measuring voltage U at fixed value resistance 2 two ends
1, measured resistance 1 two ends measuring voltage U
2With the electric current I of series connection closed-loop path, calculate the resistance R of measured resistance 1
X,
Secondly, eliminate the resistance R of measured resistance 1 by the double-current method
XOn interference voltages, to eliminate disturb the resistance R of back measured resistance 1
X
Present embodiment adopts the voltage ratio method to eliminate the influence of measured resistance 1 measuring accuracy of output voltage E of controllable direct current power supply, the resistance R of fixed value resistance 2
XKnown, for the resistance R of demarcating measured resistance 1
X, adjustable current-limiting resistance 3 is used for the size of control survey electric current I.
Embodiment two: present embodiment is described referring to Fig. 1, the difference of the described a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method of present embodiment and embodiment one is, the described resistance that calculates measured resistance 1, its detailed process is, according to formula
Calculate the resistance R that obtains measured resistance 1
X
Described formula
R
0Be according to formula
Derivation obtains.
Embodiment three: present embodiment is described referring to Fig. 2, the difference of the described a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method of present embodiment and embodiment one is the described resistance R that eliminates measured resistance 1 by the double-current method
XOn interference voltages, to eliminate disturb the resistance R of back measured resistance 1
X, its detailed process is as follows:
The output voltage that controllable direct current power supply is set is respectively E
1And E
2, and E
1Greater than E
2,
When the output voltage of controllable direct current power supply is E
1, the electric current of this series connection closed-loop path correspondence is I
1, the voltage of measuring fixed value resistance 2 two ends obtains measuring voltage U
11, the voltage of measuring measured resistance 1 two ends obtains measuring voltage U
21,
When the output voltage of controllable direct current power supply is E
2, the electric current of this series connection closed-loop path correspondence is I
2, the voltage of measuring fixed value resistance 2 two ends obtains measuring voltage U
12, the voltage of measuring measured resistance 1 two ends obtains measuring voltage U
22, according to formula
Calculate and obtain to eliminate the resistance R that disturbs back measured resistance 1
X
The described resistance R that eliminates measured resistance 1 by the double-current method of present embodiment
XOn interference voltages, to eliminate disturb the resistance R of back measured resistance 1
XPrinciple be:
When the output voltage of controllable direct current power supply is E
1, the electric current of this series connection closed-loop path correspondence is I
1, the voltage of measuring fixed value resistance 2 two ends obtains measuring voltage U
11, the voltage acquisition measuring voltage of measuring measured resistance 1 two ends is U
21,
U is then arranged
11=U
01+ E
S1(3),
U
21=U
x1+E
s2 （4），
Wherein, U
01Be the virtual voltage at fixed value resistance 2 two ends, U
X1Be the virtual voltage at measured resistance 1 two ends, E
S1Be measuring voltage U
11On interference voltages, E
S2Be measuring voltage U
21On interference voltages;
When the output voltage of controllable direct current power supply is E
2, the electric current of this series connection closed-loop path correspondence is I
2, the voltage of measuring fixed value resistance 2 two ends obtains measuring voltage U
12, the voltage of measuring measured resistance 1 two ends obtains measuring voltage U
22,
U is then arranged
12=U
02+ E
S3(5),
U
22=U
x2+E
s4 （6），
Wherein, U
02Be the virtual voltage at fixed value resistance 2 two ends, U
X2Be the virtual voltage at measured resistance 2 two ends, E
S3Be measuring voltage U
12On interference voltages, E
S4Be measuring voltage U
22On interference voltages;
Wherein, E
S1=E
S3, E
S2=E
S4
Calculate U by formula (3), (4), (5) and (6)
11-U
12=U
01-U
02=R
0(I
1-I
2) (7),
U
21-U
22=U
X1-U
X2=R
x(I
1-I
2) （8），
Arrangement formula (7) and formula (8),
From formula
In can draw, adopt the double-current method to eliminate interference voltages to the influence of measuring accuracy.
Embodiment four: referring to Fig. 2 present embodiment is described, the difference of the described a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method of present embodiment and embodiment three is described electric current I
1And I
2Pulsewidth identical, be 1 second.
Embodiment five: referring to Fig. 2 present embodiment is described, the difference of the described a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method of present embodiment and embodiment three is described electric current I
1Amplitude be 1A.
Embodiment six: referring to Fig. 2 present embodiment is described, the difference of the described a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method of present embodiment and embodiment three is described electric current I
2Amplitude be 5A.
Embodiment seven: referring to Fig. 2 present embodiment is described, the difference of the described a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method of present embodiment and embodiment three is described electric current I
1And I
2Continuous alternately output has constituted the cycle and is 2 seconds periodic current.
Embodiment eight: present embodiment is described referring to Fig. 3, present embodiment realizes the measuring system of the described a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method of embodiment one, described measuring system comprises measured resistance 1, fixed value resistance 2, adjustable current-limiting resistance 3, controllable electric power 9, filter amplifier 4, A/D converter 5, Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system 6, display 7 and operation keyboard 8, one end ground connection of described measured resistance 1, the other end of measured resistance 1 is connected with an end of fixed value resistance 2, the other end of this fixed value resistance 2 is connected with an end of adjustable current-limiting resistance 3, the other end of adjustable current-limiting resistance 3 is connected with the positive source output terminal of controllable electric power 9, the power cathode input end of controllable electric power 9 is connected with the voltage control signal output terminal of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system 6, adopt the four-wire ohm measuring method to gather the terminal voltage signal of fixed value resistance 2, and this voltage signal is sent to filter amplifier 4; Adopt the four-wire ohm measuring method to gather the terminal voltage signal of measured resistance 1, and this voltage signal is sent to filter amplifier 4; The signal output part of filter amplifier 4 is connected with the input end of analog signal of A/D converter 5, the digital signal output end of described A/D converter 5 is connected with the collection signal input part of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system 6, the demonstration signal output part of described Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system 6 is connected with the signal input part of display 7, and described operation keyboard 8 signal output parts are connected with the signal input part of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system 6.
Claims (8)
1. little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method, it is characterized in that, detailed process is as follows, at first, the power supply outgoing side that measured resistance (1), fixed value resistance (2) and adjustable current-limiting resistance (3) is connected on controllable direct current power supply constitutes the series connection closed-loop path, the output voltage of described controllable direct current power supply is E, and the resistance of measured resistance (1) is R
X, the resistance of fixed value resistance (2) is R
0, the resistance of adjustable current-limiting resistance (3) is R
1, adopt the measurement of four-wire ohm measuring method to obtain the measuring voltage U at fixed value resistance (2) two ends
1, measured resistance (1) two ends measuring voltage U
2With the electric current I of series connection closed-loop path, calculate the resistance R of measured resistance (1)
X,
Secondly, eliminate the resistance R of measured resistance (1) by the double-current method
XOn interference voltages, to eliminate disturb the resistance R of back measured resistance (1)
X
2. a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described resistance that calculates measured resistance (1), and its detailed process is, according to formula
R
0, calculate the resistance R that obtains measured resistance (1)
X
3. a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described resistance R that eliminates measured resistance (1) by the double-current method
XOn interference voltages, to eliminate disturb the resistance R of back measured resistance (1)
X, its detailed process is as follows:
The output voltage that controllable direct current power supply is set is respectively E
1And E
2, and E
1Greater than E
2,
When the output voltage of controllable direct current power supply is E
1, the electric current of this series connection closed-loop path correspondence is I
1, the voltage of measuring fixed value resistance (2) two ends obtains measuring voltage U
11, the voltage of measuring measured resistance (1) two ends obtains measuring voltage U
21,
When the output voltage of controllable direct current power supply is E
2, the electric current of this series connection closed-loop path correspondence is I
2, the voltage of measuring fixed value resistance (2) two ends obtains measuring voltage U
12, the voltage of measuring measured resistance (1) two ends obtains measuring voltage U
22, according to formula
Calculate and obtain to eliminate the resistance R that disturbs back measured resistance (1)
X
4. a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method according to claim 3 is characterized in that described electric current I
1And I
2Pulsewidth identical, be 1 second.
5. a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method according to claim 3 is characterized in that described electric current I
1Amplitude be 1A.
6. a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method according to claim 3 is characterized in that described electric current I
2Amplitude be 5A.
7. a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method according to claim 3 is characterized in that electric current I
1And I
2Continuous alternately output has constituted the cycle and is 2 seconds periodic current.
8. realize the measuring system of the described a kind of little resistance high-precision measuring method based on double-current voltage ratio method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described measuring system comprises measured resistance (1), fixed value resistance (2), adjustable current-limiting resistance (3), controllable electric power (9), filter amplifier (4), A/D converter (5), Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (6), display (7) and operation keyboard (8), one end ground connection of described measured resistance (1), the other end of measured resistance (1) is connected with an end of fixed value resistance (2), the other end of this fixed value resistance (2) is connected with an end of adjustable current-limiting resistance (3), the other end of adjustable current-limiting resistance (3) is connected with the positive source output terminal of controllable electric power (9), the power cathode input end of controllable electric power (9) is connected with the voltage control signal output terminal of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (6), adopt the four-wire ohm measuring method to gather the terminal voltage signal of fixed value resistance (2), and this voltage signal is sent to filter amplifier (4); Adopt the four-wire ohm measuring method to gather the terminal voltage signal of measured resistance (1), and this voltage signal is sent to filter amplifier (4); The signal output part of filter amplifier (4) is connected with the input end of analog signal of A/D converter (5), the digital signal output end of described A/D converter (5) is connected with the collection signal input part of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (6), the demonstration signal output part of described Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (6) is connected with the signal input part of display (7), and described operation keyboard (8) signal output part is connected with the signal input part of Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (6).
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