CN103234498A - Method and device for measuring intersection degrees of precision centrifugal machine - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring intersection degrees of precision centrifugal machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种精密离心机相交度的测量方法及其装置。其装置是：包括一个圆柱形的套筒、两个十字靶标、精密离心机和经纬仪，两个十字靶标分别固定连接在套筒的两端，整个套筒固联在精密离心机的水平轴的轴线上，经纬仪距离离心机的距离可调，通过经纬仪可以读出靶标及细丝的水平角，用经纬仪与靶标配合，引出主轴轴线上某点，水平轴轴线用两个靶标引出，方位轴上某点，最终确定离心机的轴线相交度。测量方法步骤包括水平轴轴线与主轴轴线、方位轴轴线的相交度误差测试。本发明测量精度高、误差小，操作简便。
The invention provides a method and a device for measuring the intersection degree of a precision centrifuge. The device is: including a cylindrical sleeve, two cross targets, precision centrifuge and theodolite, the two cross targets are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the sleeve, and the whole sleeve is fixedly connected to the horizontal axis of the precision centrifuge. On the axis, the distance between the theodolite and the centrifuge is adjustable. The horizontal angle of the target and the filament can be read through the theodolite. Use the theodolite to cooperate with the target to draw a certain point on the axis of the main shaft. The axis of the horizontal axis is drawn out with two targets. At a certain point, the degree of intersection of the axes of the centrifuge is finally determined. The steps of the measuring method include the intersection error test of the horizontal axis axis, the main axis axis and the azimuth axis axis. The invention has high measurement precision, small error and easy operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hydro-extractor method of testing, is exactly measuring method and device thereof that a kind of precision centrifuge intersects degree specifically.
Background technology
List is demarcated the requirement that accelerometer obviously can not satisfy inertial navigation with acceleration of gravity as input quantity.The test of the gravity field of accelerometer can only carry out ± and 1g (g is acceleration of gravity) is with interior acceleration analysis, in inertial navigation system, plays the Flight Acceleration of arrow greater than 1g even tens g.Therefore produce the normal acceleration greater than 1g, it is very necessary to be used for the static characteristic of sense acceleration meter.The equipment of the most effective generation high acceleration is exactly precision centrifuge.Precision centrifuge is to demarcate accelerometer output performance under the high overload condition, comprises the testing apparatus of the every high-order term coefficient in the non-linear and model equation of instrument.The major function of precision centrifuge has:
1. examine the performance of various inertia devices under high acceleration;
2. the checking accelerometer is in the consistance greater than the accurate calibration result under the calibration result under the 1g state and the 1g state;
3. determine correct model, separate error coefficient, carry out error analysis.
Big arm-type precision centrifuge mainly partly is made up of big arm, main shaft bearing, spindle drive motor, major-minor afflux slip ring, test specimen cabin (also claiming instrument room, " birdcage "), off-load cabin, Dynamic Radius and dynamic misalignment angle measurement mechanism, speed control system, angle measurement velocity-measuring system, quiet transient equilibrium structure, counter-rotating platform synchronous drive mechanism and speed control system thereof etc.
The structure diagram of precision centrifuge as shown in Figure 1.R represents that the initial point of tested accelerometer coordinate system is to the distance of centrifuge principal axis instantaneous axis, the i.e. radius of clean-up of hydro-extractor among the figure; a
I, a
0And a
PExpression is input to the component of the acceleration on input shaft, output shaft and the balance staff of tested accelerometer respectively; R ω
2The size of expression centripetal acceleration; G is acceleration of gravity.If when centrifuge principal axis rotates so that angular velocity omega is stable, will apply centripetal acceleration to tested accelerometer.Centripetal acceleration and acceleration of gravity will distribute at input, output and the balance staff of the accelerometer of being demarcated.How to distribute and depend on that accelerometer coordinate system is for the attitude of main shaft coordinate system and geographic coordinate system.Precision centrifuge has three axle systems, comprises principle axis shafting, transverse axis axle system and azimuth axis axle system, and the transverse axis axis should be vertical and crossing with main-shaft axis, and azimuth axis axis and transverse axis axis also should intersect vertically.The axes intersect degree is defined as the length of two axial lines common vertical line.These two intersect the calculating of spending the error effect hydro-extractor radius of clean-up, and then influence the computational accuracy of input acceleration, finally influence the stated accuracy of accelerometer error model coefficient.Seem extremely important so accurately measure the crossing degree of hydro-extractor.After the crossing degree error of precision centrifuge will be passed through precision measurement, and carry out error compensation, meet the requirements of pose accuracy in the hope of accelerometer coordinate system.Hydro-extractor intersects the crossing degree error that degree comprises main-shaft axis and transverse axis axis, the crossing degree error of transverse axis axis and azimuth axis axis.Because the restriction of precision centrifuge version, on the three-axle table some intersect the method for testing of spending can not be used at hydro-extractor, so must be by detecting the frock design, and utilize the specific position of hydro-extractor, main-shaft axis on the hydro-extractor, transverse axis axis and azimuth axis axis are drawn, and then determine to intersect the size of degree.By literature search and the method for testing that from for many years detection practice, sums up turret axis verticality commonly used at present mainly contain: (1) signing method, (2) filament method, (3) cross target method, (4) axle method, technology is relatively ripe, and the crossing degree measurement of precision centrifuge does not also have document to relate to, and method is different from the crossing degree measurement of common three-axle table.Hydro-extractor is a large test equipment, and an end of transverse axis is the environment end, the sight line of transit can't be led to the environment end from the test end, and light can only arrive the test end from main shaft and transverse axis intersection, so the method for the crossing degree of test table can be restricted at this in the past; In national military standard GJB1801-93 " inertial technology testing apparatus method of testing ", in addition not introduce yet and intersect the degree method of testing.
Summary of the invention
Based on above weak point, the objective of the invention is to disclose measuring method and the device thereof that a kind of precision centrifuge intersects degree.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of precision centrifuge intersects the measurement mechanism of degree, comprise precision centrifuge and transit, this device also comprises a columniform sleeve and two cross targets, two cross targets are fixedly connected on the two ends of sleeve respectively, entire sleeve connects firmly on the axis of the transverse axis of precision centrifuge, rotate with transverse axis, drawing horizontal axis is two cross targets that lean on the sleeve two ends, the rotation transverse axis, sleeve drives two target rotations, the track of two target right-angled intersection points is circles, observe horizontal angle or the vertical angle of target with transit, the center of circle is on horizontal axis, two targets can be drawn two points on the axis, 2 line has been determined horizontal axis, the axle head of the main shaft of precision centrifuge is installed a filament A, adjusting filament A makes it consistent with main-shaft axis, thereby make filament A go up certain and put certain point that represents on the main-shaft axis, fix a filament B on the azimuth axis of precision centrifuge, make filament B consistent with the azimuth axis axis by adjusting filament B, go up certain by filament B and put certain point that represents on the azimuth axis axis, three intersections of transit are centered close on the extended line of transverse axis, and the distance of transit and centrifuge principal axis axis can be regulated.
The present invention also has following feature:
Use aforesaid precision centrifuge to intersect the measuring method that the degree measurement mechanism is realized, step is as follows:
Step 1: the crossing degree error testing of transverse axis axis and main-shaft axis:
1) rotation transverse axis, the track at two target centers is circles, aims at the position that the transverse axis axis can be determined in two target centers and reading horizontal angle by transit;
2) filament A is installed in main-axis end and filament is overlapped with main-shaft axis, rotary main shaft axle system by the angle of certain point on the observation filament A, determines the position of main-shaft axis point;
3) can draw the crossing degree of main-shaft axis and transverse axis axis by converting at last;
Step 2: the crossing degree error of transverse axis axis and azimuth axis axis:
1) filament B is installed on the azimuth axis, adjusts the transverse axis position, make azimuth axis axis and main-shaft axis be in parallel position;
2) gyrobearing axle makes filament B and azimuth axis dead in line, and filament B is aimed at transit in gyrobearing axle to 0 ° and 180 ° of positions, the reading horizontal angle, and the mean place of filament B can replace certain point on the azimuth axis axis;
3) with behind the hydro-extractor horizontal axis Rotate 180 °, filament B is aimed at transit in gyrobearing axle to 0 ° and 180 ° of positions again, the reading horizontal angle, and the mean place of filament B can replace certain point on the azimuth axis axis;
4) two mean places by filament B, the distance of transit and azimuth axis axis can converse the crossing degree of horizontal axis and azimuth axis axis.
The method of testing of turret axis verticality commonly used mainly contains at present: (1) signing method, (2) filament method, (3) cross target method, (4) axle method etc.
Measuring accuracy height of the present invention, error are little, easy and simple to handle.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is axes intersect degree test synoptic diagram,
Fig. 2 is columniform tube-in-tube structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that the crossing degree of main-shaft axis and transverse axis axis detects synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is that the crossing degree of azimuth axis axis and transverse axis axis detects synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 is cross target synoptic diagram
Wherein: 1, main-shaft axis, 2, the environment end, 3, filament A, 4, the transverse axis axis, 5, target B, 6, sleeve, 7, the azimuth axis axis, 8, filament B, 9, target A, 10, transit, 11, the experiment end; 12, cross groove.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described for example below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1: in conjunction with Fig. 1-4, a kind of precision centrifuge intersects the measurement mechanism of degree, comprise precision centrifuge and transit, this device also comprises a columniform sleeve and two cross targets, the two ends of sleeve connect firmly two cross targets, entire sleeve connects firmly on the axis of the transverse axis of precision centrifuge, rotate with transverse axis, drawing horizontal axis is the cross target that leans on the sleeve two ends, the rotation transverse axis, sleeve drives two target rotations, the track of target right-angled intersection point is a circle, observe horizontal angle or the vertical angle of target with transit, the center of circle is on horizontal axis, two targets can be drawn two points on the axis, 2 line has been determined horizontal axis, the axle head of the main shaft of precision centrifuge is installed a filament A, adjusting filament A makes it consistent with main-shaft axis, thereby make filament A go up certain and put certain point that represents on the main-shaft axis, fix a filament B on the azimuth axis of precision centrifuge, make filament B consistent with the azimuth axis axis by adjusting filament B, go up certain by filament B and put certain point that represents on the azimuth axis axis, three intersections of transit are centered close on the extended line of transverse axis, and the distance of transit and centrifuge principal axis axis can be regulated.
The present invention is intersected the measuring method that the degree measurement mechanism is realized by described precision centrifuge, aims at the horizontal angle of reading them behind two targets and two filaments respectively by transit.Cooperate with filament A on being installed in main-axis end with transit, draw certain point on the main-shaft axis; The transverse axis axis is drawn with two target A, B; Cooperate with filament B on being installed in the azimuth axis work top with transit, draw certain point on the azimuth axis axis.By drawing main-shaft axis, transverse axis axis and azimuth axis axis, finally can determine the crossing degree of crossing degree, transverse axis axis and the azimuth axis axis of the main-shaft axis of hydro-extractor and transverse axis axis.
Concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: the crossing degree error testing of transverse axis axis and main-shaft axis:
1) rotation transverse axis, the track at two target centers is circles, aims at the position that the transverse axis axis can be determined in two target centers and reading horizontal angle by transit;
2) filament A is installed in main-axis end and filament is overlapped with main-shaft axis, rotary main shaft axle system by the angle of certain point on the observation filament A, determines the position of main-shaft axis point;
3) can draw the crossing degree of main-shaft axis and transverse axis axis by converting at last;
Step 2: the crossing degree error of transverse axis axis and azimuth axis axis:
1) filament B is installed on the azimuth axis, adjusts the transverse axis position, make azimuth axis axis and main-shaft axis be in parallel position;
2) gyrobearing axle makes filament B and azimuth axis dead in line, and filament B is aimed at transit in gyrobearing axle to 0 ° and 180 ° of positions, the reading horizontal angle, and the mean place of filament B can replace certain point on the azimuth axis axis;
3) with behind the hydro-extractor horizontal axis Rotate 180 °, filament B is aimed at transit in gyrobearing axle to 0 ° and 180 ° of positions again, the reading horizontal angle, and the mean place of filament B can replace certain point on the azimuth axis axis;
4) two mean places by filament B, the distance of transit and azimuth axis axis can converse the crossing degree of horizontal axis and azimuth axis axis.
Hydro-extractor of the present invention also is a three-axle table, and three-axle table generally is divided into outer annulate shaft, middle annulate shaft and inner axle axle system, ideally requires three axiss of rotation to intersect at a point.Three intersect the crossing degree that degree comprises crossing degree, outer shroud axis and the inner axle axis of the crossing degree of outer shroud axis and middle annulate shaft axis, middle annulate shaft axis and inner axle axis.Because the characteristics of precision centrifuge, main-shaft axis and azimuth axis axis can not intersect, must there be certain distance R in main-shaft axis and azimuth axis axis, R is exactly the radius of clean-up of hydro-extractor, formally there is this radius could produce centripetal acceleration and demarcates accelerometer etc., so precision centrifuge is only required the crossing degree of crossing degree, transverse axis axis and the azimuth axis axis of main-shaft axis and transverse axis axis.This is that hydro-extractor intersects the characteristics that degree is different from the crossing degree of general three-axle table.
Because the environment end of hydro-extractor does not have light hole, transit can't be from two target A, B on the environment end observation transverse axis, so by behind main axis rotation to 0 ° and 180 °, draw horizontal axis respectively and test the crossing degree of main-shaft axis and transverse axis axis and can't realize.Again because a side is held in the test that whole horizontal shafting is in hydro-extractor, measure the crossing degree of main-shaft axis and transverse axis axis by employing signing method behind main axis rotation to 0 ° and 180 ° and also can't realize.This paper adopts transit is on the extended line of transverse axis, adopts frock that it is raised filament A transit can be observed.Transit can cooperate with target A, the B on the transverse axis at this moment draws horizontal axis, can cooperate certain point of drawing on the main-shaft axis with filament A again, has solved this cleverly and has intersected the difficult problem of degree test, and realized easily.
The present invention does not adopt the axle method, the general Φ 20mm of axle diameter, and the axle method is to draw axis by the edge of axle, test error is big.Adopt the filament method to draw axis, filament can be accomplished Φ 10 μ m diameters, aims at observation with transit, the precision height of the axis of drawing, and the precision that intersects of measurement is also higher.
The present invention also has following characteristics:
First: adopt transit and transverse axis to connect firmly cooperations such as filament A that cross target, main shaft and azimuth axis connect firmly and B, three axiss of rotation of hydro-extractor are drawn.
Second: the measuring accuracy that native system intersects degree is 0.05mm (in the 5m scope).If adopt high-precision transit, precision can be higher.
The the 3rd: designed a cover frock clamp.Target A and B, filament A and B all can adjust, and they are tried one's best and corresponding dead in line.
Embodiment 2:
In conjunction with Fig. 2-4,
1, main-shaft axis and transverse axis axes intersect degree detect:
Used testing tool has: transit and anchor clamps, 2 cross targets, filament and anchor clamps, tape measure.
Concrete testing procedure is:
1) adjusting main-shaft axis makes the verticality of main-shaft axis be not more than 1 ".
2) at main-axis end a filament A is installed, with the position of filament A equal altitudes transit is being installed and is being made it and ground connects firmly, rotary main shaft, observe the variation of filament A horizontal angle, adjust the filament position accordingly, filament A is positioned on the main-shaft axis, and namely during rotary main shaft, filament A should be almost motionless in the visual field of transit.
3) install and fix a sleeve that has two " cross " targets at horizontal axis, the height of transit is down to and the same height of transverse axis axis, adjust two targets target is centered close on the transverse axis axis.
4) adjust transit and make the vertical axes of transit be in the vertical state, and make its verticality be not more than 1 ".
5) main shaft is 0 ° of position when the collimation axis of transit is parallel with the hydro-extractor transverse axis, rotates transverse axis to 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° of positions this moment, the horizontal angle γ of record target A and B
i, ψ
i, horizontal angle mean value γ, the ψ of calculating target A and B.So just can determine the transverse axis axis of hydro-extractor.
When 6) measuring main shaft again and be in 0 ° and 180 ° of positions, the horizontal angle θ of ordering with transit survey filament B
1, θ
2
7) with tape measure respectively the surveyor's transit vertical axes to target A, B and main-shaft axis apart from l
a, l
bAnd L.
8) data are handled
A, calculating target A, B coordinate
γ is decided to be initial position, then
y
a＝0，y
b＝l
btan(ψ-γ)
B, write out the straight-line equation of target A and B line.
X in the formula
a=-l
a, x
b=-l
b
When x=-L
C, write out the coordinate of certain point on the filament.
D, ask and intersect degree.
The crossing degree of main-shaft axis and transverse axis axis can be calculated as follows.
Δy
1＝y
1-y
c
2, transverse axis and azimuth axis axes intersect degree detect
Used testing tool has: transit, filament target.
Concrete testing procedure is:
1) azimuth axis is in the vertical state, namely the azimuth axis axis is parallel with main-shaft axis, and filament target and anchor clamps are installed on the inner axle work top.Adjust the filament target and also make its center as far as possible and the azimuth axis dead in line, and three of transit are crossed be centered close on the extended line of main-shaft axis.
2) three of the surveyor's transits distance L of center to the azimuth axis axis that cross.
3) transverse axis is in 0 ° of gyrobearing axle respectively to 0 °, 180 ° positions, records the horizontal angle α of two targets
i
4) transverse axis is in 180 °, the gyrobearing axle records the horizontal angle beta of two targets respectively to 0 °, 180 ° positions
i
5) data are handled
A, when being in 0 ° and 180 ° of positions by record data calculated level axle, the mean value of filament target horizontal angle, α and β.
The crossing degree of b, transverse axis axis and azimuth axis axis can be calculated as follows
3, Ce Shi points for attention:
1) sleeve need guarantee certain rigidity, prevents that horizontal rotational shaft from causing the sleeve twist distortion; Guarantee being fixed well of sleeve front and back target A, B simultaneously, in order to avoid the transverse axis axis is drawn the generation error.Two targets are designed to adjustable.
2) guarantee that filament is in straight configuration, prevent that the transverse axis or the azimuth axis that cause because of filament bend from drawing generation than mistake.
3) transit is moderate apart from the distance of hydro-extractor, and distance too closely is unfavorable for observing simultaneously filament on transverse axis target and the main-shaft axis; Apart from the front and back target that is unfavorable for the eye-level axle again too far away, test error is increased.
Embodiment 3:
Crossing degree to precision centrifuge is surveyed:
(1) the crossing degree of transverse axis axis and azimuth axis axis
The crossing degree of table 1 transit survey transverse axis axis and azimuth axis axis
The distance of transit and filament is 1520mm
The crossing degree of transverse axis axis and azimuth axis axis is:
(2) the crossing degree of transverse axis axis and main-shaft axis
The crossing degree of table 2 transit survey transverse axis axis and main-shaft axis
| The transverse axis position | Target A horizontal angle | Target B horizontal angle |
| 0° | 63°11′05″ | 63°06′53″ |
| 90° | 63°09′36″ | 63°07′40″ |
| 180° | 63°08′01″ | 63°07′12″ |
| 270° | 63°09′28″ | 63°06′31″ |
| Mean value | 63°09′32.5″ | 63°07′04″ |
| i | Main spindle's | The filament |
| 1 | 0° | 63°06′08″ |
| 2 | 180° | 63°06′13″ |
L＝5805mm，l
a＝2875mm，l
b＝4515mm
(2.1) calculate target A, B coordinate
y
a＝0，y
b＝l
btan(ψ-γ)＝4515×tan(-148.5″)＝3.251mm
(2.2)
(2.3) write out the coordinate of certain point on the filament.
(2.4) ask crossing degree.
The crossing degree of main-shaft axis and transverse axis axis can be calculated as follows.
Δy
20＝y
1-y
c＝-0.151mm
Main-shaft axis and transverse axis axes intersect degree error are: 0.151mm.
Claims (2)
1. a precision centrifuge intersects the measurement mechanism of spending, comprise precision centrifuge and transit, it is characterized in that: also comprise a columniform sleeve, two cross targets, two cross targets are fixedly connected on the two ends of sleeve respectively, entire sleeve connects firmly on the axis of the transverse axis of precision centrifuge, rotate with transverse axis, drawing horizontal axis is two cross targets that lean on the sleeve two ends, the rotation transverse axis, sleeve drives two target rotations, the track of two target right-angled intersection points is circles, observe horizontal angle or the vertical angle of target with transit, the center of circle is on horizontal axis, two targets can be drawn two points on the axis, 2 line has been determined horizontal axis, the axle head of the main shaft of precision centrifuge is installed a filament A, adjusting filament A makes it consistent with main-shaft axis, thereby make filament A go up certain and put certain point that represents on the main-shaft axis, fix a filament B on the azimuth axis of precision centrifuge, make filament B consistent with the azimuth axis axis by adjusting filament B, go up certain by filament B and put certain point that represents on the azimuth axis axis, three intersections of transit are centered close on the extended line of transverse axis, and the distance of transit and centrifuge principal axis axis can be regulated.
2. one kind intersects the measuring method that the degree measurement mechanism is realized by the described precision centrifuge of claim 1, and it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
Step 1: the crossing degree error testing of transverse axis axis and main-shaft axis:
1) rotation transverse axis, the track at two target centers is circles, aims at the position that the transverse axis axis can be determined in two target centers and reading horizontal angle by transit;
2) filament A is installed in main-axis end and filament is overlapped with main-shaft axis, rotary main shaft axle system by the angle of certain point on the observation filament A, determines the position of main-shaft axis point;
3) can draw the crossing degree of main-shaft axis and transverse axis axis by converting at last;
Step 2: the crossing degree error of transverse axis axis and azimuth axis axis:
1) filament B is installed on the azimuth axis, adjusts the transverse axis position, make azimuth axis axis and main-shaft axis be in parallel position;
2) gyrobearing axle makes filament B and azimuth axis dead in line, and filament B is aimed at transit in gyrobearing axle to 0 ° and 180 ° of positions, the reading horizontal angle, and the mean place of filament B can replace certain point on the azimuth axis axis;
3) with behind the hydro-extractor horizontal axis Rotate 180 °, filament B is aimed at transit in gyrobearing axle to 0 ° and 180 ° of positions again, the reading horizontal angle, and the mean place of filament B replaces certain point on the azimuth axis axis;
4) two mean places by filament B, the distance of transit and azimuth axis axis converses the crossing degree of horizontal axis and azimuth axis axis.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106289085A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2017-01-04 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Device and method for testing axis intersection degree |
| CN109556496A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-04-02 | 北京航天计量测试技术研究所 | A kind of device and method guaranteeing centrifuge working radius consistency |
| CN110345838A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-10-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of measurement method of four axis centrifuge working radius |
| CN113804221A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2021-12-17 | 天津科技大学 | A combined calibration method of centrifuge accelerometer based on mode observation method |
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