CN103225037A - High-carbon gray cast iron automobile brake disk and production method thereof - Google Patents
High-carbon gray cast iron automobile brake disk and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-carbon gray cast iron automobile brake disk and a production method thereof. The high-carbon gray cast iron automobile brake disk comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 3.7-3.8% of C, 0.5-0.8% of Mn, 0.3-0.5% of Cu, 0.1-0.2% of Cr, 0.2-0.4% of Mo, 1.6-2.0% of Si, 0.1-0.2% of N, 0.01-0.12% of P, 0.05-0.12% of S and the balance of Fe. The brake disk provided by the invention has the outstanding characteristics of small brake temperature rise, abrasion resistance, favorable heat fatigue resistance effect and the like; the performance of an automobile brake system can be obviously improved, and the service life can be obviously prolonged; and meanwhile, the potential safety hazard caused by ineffective brake due to high temperature can be effectively eliminated. Thus, the high-carbon gray cast iron automobile brake disk has high economic value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the auto parts machinery field, be specifically related to a kind of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc and production method thereof.
Background technology
Retarding disc is the vital part of automotive brake, and the safety traffic of automobile is played crucial effects.The inefficacy of car brake disk has two kinds, and a kind of is progressively wear out failure, and a kind of is the unexpected inefficacy of breaking.And the situation of the inefficacy of breaking suddenly is actually rare, most retarding discs are not only bearing brake pad when work normal force and tangential force, and bearing thermal load.Generally speaking, the retarding disc failure reasons is because the repeatedly frictional wear that causes of brake in the life-time service process, causes retarding disc to crack at last and even ftractures.At present, the home-made brake system of car, retarding disc adopts gray cast iron material more, i.e. Chang Gui graphitic cast iron composition (have add micro-alloying), because carbon content is low, the graphite amount of separating out is on the low side in the tissue, the greying tissue disperses, matrix does not reach the alloying index request yet, and heat conductivility and wear resisting property are all not good enough, exists easy to wear in the use and shortcoming such as braking ability instability, cause retarding disc and integeral vehicle life asynchronous, retarding disc be need repeatedly change in the use, certain potential safety hazard and economical load brought to the user
For example: model is that HT0483 graphitic cast iron retarding disc main ingredient is Fe in the currently available products, and is as follows to all the other contained main ingredients (by weight percentage), matrix and mechanics property analysis:
| The heat (batch) number bag | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Tensile strength/MPa | Perlite | Hardness/HB |
| 2X12I15-1 | 3.37 | 2.2 | 0.74 | 0.091 | 0.064 | 185 | 85% | 213 |
| 2X12I15-5 | 3.39 | 2.39 | 0.76 | 0.092 | 0.05 | 189 | 86% | 214 |
| 2X12I15-A | 3.37 | 2.37 | 0.72 | 0.086 | 0.047 | 187 | 85% | 213 |
| 2X12I17-4 | 3.35 | 2.14 | 0.92 | 0.083 | 0.047 | 183 | 87% | 214 |
Described model is that HT0483 retarding disc carbon content is low, the amount of separating out of graphite is less, the greying tissue disperses, the silicone content height, graphite structure institute inherent heat conductivility and wear resisting property can not be given full play to, and be bad through this retarding disc heat conductivility of evidence and wear resisting property, easy to wear, work-ing life is low, braking quality is unstable, during use, has very big potential safety hazard.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of new high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc and production method thereof, to overcome shortcomings such as having retarding disc is not wear-resisting, easy aging, fragile, unstable properties on the market now.
Technical scheme: a kind of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, this high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.7%～3.8%, Mn:0.5%～0.8%, Cu:0.3%～0.5%, Cr:0.1%～0.2%, Mo:0.2%～0.4%, Si:1.6%～2.0%, N:0.1%～0.2%, P:0.01%～0.12%, S:0.05%～0.12%, surplus are Fe.
Optimal way as technical scheme: described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.71%～3.79%, Mn:0.53%～0.77%, Cu:0.33%～0.47%, Cr:0.11%～0.18%, Mo:0.25%～0.37%, Si:1.62%～1.95%, N:0.11%～0.18%, P:0.02%～0.11%, S:0.06%～0.11%, surplus is Fe.
Preferred again as technical scheme: described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.73%～3.77%, Mn:0.58%～0.73%, Cu:0.37%～0.45%, Cr:0.13%～0.19%, Mo:0.28%～0.35%, Si:1.65%～1.80%, N:0.13%～0.17%, P:0.03%～0.09%, S:0.07%～0.10%, surplus is Fe.
Preferred again as technical scheme: described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.74%～3.78%, Mn:0.62%～0.65%, Cu:0.42%～0.49%, Cr:0.12%～0.15%, Mo:0.32%～0.34%, Si:1.63%～1.69%, N:0.14%～0.15%, P:0.05%～0.07%, S:0.08%～0.09%, surplus is Fe.
Preferred again as technical scheme: described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.75%, Mn:0.56%, Cu:0.39%, Cr:0.17%, Mo:0.29%, Si:1.67%, N:0.16%, P:0.04%, S:0.05%, surplus is Fe.
This patent is owing to the carbon content height, and it is many and long that graphite is separated out quantity, is accompanied by ferritic amount and also increases, and must add alloying element, and the length of inhibition graphite increases content of pearlite in alloy; And guarantee content of pearlite in alloy 90%～95%, and ferrite exists: 5%～10%, guarantee Brinell hardness at L245 ± 25HB, and tensile strength is in 200～240MPa scope; Addible alloying element is a lot of in the graphitic cast iron, and the purpose from stable and refine pearlite has copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium, nitrogen, antimony, niobium, tin etc.But the affiliation that adds of alloying element influence the form and the quantity of graphite, the machinability of infringement retarding disc, and the block hard that some alloying element forms comes off when rubbing, and can aggravate to wear and tear.And alloying element price such as Cu, Mo, Cr are more expensive, Mo and Cr also increase the contraction tendency of solidifying in the cooling, so can only add by trace, this patent is considered cost factor and to the control of addition, select copper, chromium, molybdenum, four kinds of alloying elements of nitrogen, and, suitably control add-on according to the retarding disc needs.As follows to each component concrete analysis of this patent:
Carbon (C), carbon mainly exists with the form of graphite in this patent graphitic cast iron, graphite does not almost have intensity, be considered as the cavity in matrix, given graphitic cast iron stronger damping capacity, its thermal conductivity is big simultaneously, heat storage capacity is strong, the heat that can spread out of drag friction very soon and produced makes retarding disc keep lower temperature, stablizes its performance; In addition, the close-packed hexagonal crystalline structure of graphite makes it have the effect of unlubricated friction liniment, reduces frictional coefficient, slows down the frictional wear of retarding disc.The common grey iron retarding disc, carbon content generally is no more than 3.4%, in order to bring into play the advantage of graphite in braking in the graphitic cast iron, this patent is brought up to carbon content and is accounted for 3.7%～3.8% of total component, to improve the performances such as accumulation of heat, thermal conductivity, wear resistance and damping capacity of retarding disc.
Silicon (Si), the effect of described silicon in cast iron are to enlarge the eutectic transformation temperature range, reduce the eutectic transformation temperature, and it is cold excessively to reduce crystallization, promotes the greying of carbon, prevents the cementite phase, so silicon is indispensable in graphitic cast iron.But silicon also promotes ferritic formation in the matrix strongly, reduces the intensity and the hardness of cast iron, influences the wear resisting property of material.So for guaranteeing intensity, hardness and the wear resisting property of retarding disc, this patent is controlled at silicone content and accounts for 1.6%～2.0% of total component.
Manganese (Mn), described manganese is anti-graphited element in cast iron, but in certain content range, manganese energy refinement flake graphite, matrix is strengthened in the effect that has stable and refine pearlite simultaneously, improve the mechanical property of graphitic cast iron, also favourable to wear resisting property, but the manganese too high levels can increase chilling tendency.So manganese is as alloying element, this patent is controlled at the content of manganese and accounts for 0.5%～0.8% of total component.
Phosphorus (P), described phosphorus have the graphited effect of certain promotion in cast iron, but its effect is very little, generally do not use as adding element, but phosphorus improves the hardness of matrix because the segregation behavior in the process of setting forms hard and crisp iron phosphide eutectic tissue at the eutectic cell crystal boundary easily, help wear resistance, pretending is the braking wear part, allows a certain amount of phosphorus and exists, higher as if the phosphorus amount, the iron phosphide eutectic of separating out is many, can obviously reduce tensile property.This patent phosphorus adds with starting material, total the content of phosphorus is to account for 0.01%～0.12% of component.
Sulphur (S), described sulphur can form segregation phase sulphur eutectic in graphitic cast iron, influence the performance of graphitic cast iron, must be limited, but sulphur is in 0.05%～0.12% scope, the forming core that helps graphite in the process of setting is so this patent is controlled at the content of sulphur in 0.05%～0.12% scope that accounts for total component.
Copper (Cu), the graphitizability of copper is about 1/6 of silicon, therefore can reduce the chilling tendency of cast iron, copper also can reduce the critical temperature of austenitic transformation simultaneously, therefore copper can promote pearlitic formation, increase pearlitic content, energy refine pearlite and reinforcement perlite reach ferrite wherein simultaneously, thereby increase the hardness and the intensity of cast iron.So this patent suitably adds a certain amount of alloy element copper, and the content of copper is controlled in 0.3%～0.5% scope that accounts for total component.
Chromium (Cr) is 0.005%～0.02% o'clock through experimental results demonstrate massfraction, and chromium energy refinement graphite stops ferrite to form, and increases perlite quantity, is a kind of widely used alloying element, so the content of this patent chromium is to account for 0.1%～0.2% of total component.
Molybdenum (Mo), molybdenum is the exemplary compounds forming element, is very strong perlite stable element, its energy refinement graphite, massfraction is 0.2%～0.4% o'clock, molybdenum energy refine pearlite, the ferrite in the perlite can be strengthened simultaneously, thereby the intensity and the hardness of cast iron can be improved effectively.The content of this patent molybdenum is to account for 0.2%～0.4% of total component.
Nitrogen (N), nitrogen have comparatively intensive stablize pearlitic effect in graphitic cast iron, and the effect that improves tensile strength is obvious, and the effect that improves wear resistance is also arranged.N generally adds with the form of CrN, MnN, and but, N easily causes gas hole defect to take place, and is unsuitable for thin-section casting, so the content of this patent nitrogen is to account for 0.1%～0.2% of total component.
A kind of production method of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, described production method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: prepare starting material: the magnesium iron pig iron, low-carbon waste steel, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, ferromanganese, electrolytic copper, MnN or CrN;
Step 2: dissolve: the magnesium iron pig iron, low-carbon waste steel are added in the middle frequency furnace, described middle frequency furnace rated output is 1800～2200KW, melting rate 3.2～3.4t/h, the smelting state is 550k～565w.h/t, melting 1～3 hour treats that furnace charge melts fully, when temperature reaches 1450 ℃～1550 ℃, to its sampling, with its chemical ingredients of spectrum analyzer rapid detection; According to detected result, guarantee that C accounts for 3.7%～3.8% of total component by weight percentage, adjust and add ferrochrome and adjust alloying elements cr, make Cr remain on 0.1%～0.2% of total component; Adjust and add molybdenum-iron and adjust Alloy Elements Mo, make Mo remain on 0.2%～0.4% of total component; Adjust and adding MnN or CrN adjustment alloying element N, make N remain on 0.1%～0.2% of total component; Adjust and add ferromanganese and adjust alloying element Mn, make Mn remain on 0.5%～0.8% of total component; Continue to be warming up to 1510 ℃～1530 ℃, come out of the stove, iron liquid is put into bull ladle, adjust in bull ladle and the adding electrolytic copper, the content that makes Cu is to account for 0.3%～0.5% of total component; Adjust elements Si, P, S, its amount that accounts for total component is by weight percentage satisfied: Si:1.6%～2.0%, P:0.01%～0.12%, S:0.05%～0.12%, surplus is Fe;
Step 3: cast: begin ladle-to-ladle when iron liquid liquid level is lower than bag mouth 28～32mm in the bull ladle, and when ladle-to-ladle, iron liquid is poured in the pouring ladle, finish cast at 6～12min the duration of pouring of the whole iron clad water of strict control in casting process, and cast finishes the back and unpacked in 1～3 hour, take off part, make the cooling of foundry goods horizontal, free shrink, cleaning dead head and burr, cylinder impeller blasting cast(ing) surface oxide skin and local scab, polishing dead head undesirable root;
Step 4: thermal treatment: foundry goods is heat-treated by heat treatment furnace, heat treatment process parameter is: normal temperature is gone into stove, is warming up to 520～550 ℃ with 60～100 ℃/h temperature rise rate, keeps constant temperature 3～4h then, cool to 250～300 ℃ with the furnace and come out of the stove, the line space of going forward side by side air cooling but;
Step 5: adopt traditional mechanical workout pattern, by drawing matching requirements size it is processed, carrying out transient equilibrium then detects, as required converted products is gone heavily to handle, carry out magnetic-particle inspection again, detect defectives such as casting crack, have the foundry goods of crackle directly discarded, the formation finished product of flawless defective.
As the optimal way of technical scheme,, in parcel, also add the fine granularity nucleating agent that accounts for the total component 0.1%～0.15% of raw material in the described step 3 during cast total also pour the composite inoculant that accounts for raw material component 0.3%～0.5% when coming out of the stove in the described step 2 with stream.
As the optimal way of technical scheme, when the cast beginning, also pour into a mould test wedge in the described step 3, pour into a mould the chemical ingredients sample middle and latter stage respectively in cast, and every iron clad water is poured into a mould one group of tensile test bar blank.
Optimal way as technical scheme, in the described step 2 according to detected result, be lower than 3.7% if C accounts for the amount of total component by weight percentage, add high violent steel scrap or carbon content, adjust and satisfy C content and account for 3.7～3.8% of total component greater than 98.5% carburelant.
Further preferred as technical scheme, in the described step 2 according to detected result, be lower than 3.7% if C accounts for the amount of total component by weight percentage, add high violent steel scrap or carbon content, adjust and satisfy C content and account for 3.73%～3.77% of total component greater than 98.5% carburelant.
Preferred again as technical scheme adjusted elements Si in the described step 2, makes Si content for accounting for 1.64%～1.67% of total component by weight percentage.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention adopts the graphitic cast iron of high-carbon content, be no more than in common grey iron brake flange carbon content on 3.4% the basis carbon content is brought up to 3.7%～3.8%, carbon main form with graphite in graphitic cast iron exists, graphite does not almost have intensity, has given graphitic cast iron stronger damping capacity, and its thermal conductivity is big simultaneously, heat storage capacity is strong, the heat that can spread out of drag friction very soon and produced makes retarding disc keep lower temperature, stablizes its performance; In addition, the close-packed hexagonal crystalline structure of graphite makes it have the effect of unlubricated friction liniment, reduces frictional coefficient, slows down the frictional wear of retarding disc.But because the effect of isolating of graphite itself, for guaranteeing its hardness and wear resistance, this patent is by rationally selecting alloy element for use, guaranteed the content of matrix Medium pearlite, strengthened perlite, optimized graphite length, under the condition of high-carbon content (the graphite volume fraction is higher), obtained higher mechanical property and cutting ability, made thermal conductivity, wear resistance and the thermal fatigue resistance of material that lifting has by a relatively large margin been arranged simultaneously.The automobile brake disc that adopts this patent method to make, have outstanding features such as the braking temperature rise is little, wear-resistant, thermal fatigue resistance is effective, the performance of brake system of car is obviously improved, obviously improve work-ing life, the potential safety hazard of also effectively having got rid of the Yin Gaowen brake failure simultaneously and having brought, the economic worth height.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.7%～3.71%, Mn:0.5%～0.51%, Cu:0.3%～0.31%, Cr:0.1%～0.11%, Mo:0.2%～0.22%, Si:1.6%～1.62%, N:0.1%～0.12%, P:0.01%～0.03%, S:0.05%～0.06%, surplus are Fe.
Embodiment 2: a kind of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.79%～3.8%, Mn:0.78%～0.8%, Cu:0.49%～0.5%, Cr:0.19%～0.2%, Mo:0.38%～0.4%, Si:1.98%～2.0%, N:0.19%～0.2%, P:0.11%～0.12%, S:0.11%～0.12%, surplus are Fe.
Embodiment 3: a kind of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.75%, Mn:0.65%, Cu:0.4%, Cr:0.15%, Mo:0.3%, Si:1.8%, N:0.15%, P:0.05%, S:0.08%, surplus is Fe.
Embodiment 4: a kind of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.74%, Mn:0.60%, Cu:0.43%, Cr:0.14%, Mo:0.33%, Si:1.65%, N:0.17%, P:0.09%, S:0.11%, surplus is Fe.
Embodiment 5: a kind of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.76%, Mn:0.72%, Cu:0.38%, Cr:0.19%, Mo:0.28%, Si:1.75%, N:0.13%, P:0.04%, S:0.07%, surplus is Fe.
Embodiment 6: a kind of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.78%, Mn:0.65%, Cu:0.49%, Cr:0.13%, Mo:0.32%, Si:1.69%, N:0.145%, P:0.06%, S:0.085%, surplus is Fe.
Embodiment 7: a kind of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.75%, Mn:0.56%, Cu:0.39%, Cr:0.17%, Mo:0.29%, Si:1.67%, N:0.16%, P:0.04%, S:0.05%, surplus is Fe.
Embodiment 8: a kind of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.73%～3.738%, Mn:0.58%～0.585%, Cu:0.37%～0.373%, Cr:0.13%～0.137%, Mo:0.28%～0.283%, Si:1.65%～1.66%, N:0.13%～0.135%, P:0.03%～0.034%, S:0.07%～0.075%, surplus are Fe.
Embodiment 9: a kind of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, described high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.765%～3.77%, Mn:0.727%～0.73%, Cu:0.445%～0.45%, Cr:0.182%～0.19%, Mo:0.342%～0.35%, Si:1.795%～1.80%, N:0.167%～0.17%, P:0.088%～0.09%, S:0.093%～0.10%, surplus are Fe.
Embodiment 10: a certain model high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, C content (by weight percentage) is brought up to 3.75% on common retarding disc 3.4% basis, Si content (by weight percentage) is reduced to 1.65% on the basis of common retarding disc 2.4%, adjust and improve alloying element to make this retarding disc content of pearlite in alloy be 95%, ferrite content is 5%, and the contained component of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc (by weight percentage) and the performance analysis of this model are as follows:
| The heat (batch) number bag | C% | Si% | Mn% | P% | S% | Cu% | Ｍo% | Perlite | Tensile strength | Hardness |
| 3X12C11-4 | 3.75 | 1.65 | 0.76 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.48 | 0.35 | 95 | 240 | 230 |
These model high-carbon graphitic cast iron all the other components of automobile brake disc (by weight percentage) are: N:0.17%, and Cr:0.12%, surplus is Fe.
Owing to increased C content in this model retarding disc chemical composition, thereby increased graphite length, improved the heat conduction situation, easily heat radiation, reduced Si content, adjust and improved intensity and the hardness that retarding disc usually improves in alloy part unit, thereby make retarding disc in mechanical property, tension intensity, hardness, cutting ability, wear-resisting, aspects such as antifatigue reach a new height, and have wear-resisting, heat resistanceheat resistant, the effect of antifatigue has prolonged work-ing life of retarding disc, common retarding disc is general to use 3 years needs to change, adopt this model retarding disc to need not in basic 6 years to change, saved cost, the economic worth height.
Embodiment 11: a kind of production method of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, and described production method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: prepare starting material: the magnesium iron pig iron, low-carbon waste steel, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, ferromanganese, electrolytic copper, CrN, high violent steel scrap;
Step 2: dissolve: the magnesium iron pig iron, low-carbon waste steel are added in the middle frequency furnace, described middle frequency furnace rated output is 2200KW, melting rate 3.4t/h, the smelting state is 565w.h/t, melting 3 hours treats that furnace charge melts fully, when temperature reaches 1550 ℃, to its sampling, with its chemical ingredients of spectrum analyzer rapid detection; According to detected result, the adding height is steel scrap suddenly, adjusts and satisfy C content to account for 3.79% of total component.Adjust and add ferrochrome and adjust alloying elements cr, make Cr remain on 0.13% of total component; Adjust and add molybdenum-iron and adjust Alloy Elements Mo, make Mo remain on 0.35% of total component; Adjust and add CrN and adjust alloying element N, make N remain on 0.14% of total component; Adjust and add ferromanganese and adjust alloying element Mn, make Mn remain on 0.75% of total component; Continue to be warming up to 1530 ℃, come out of the stove, iron liquid is put into bull ladle, adjust in bull ladle and the adding electrolytic copper, the content that makes Cu is to account for 0.45% of total component; Adjust elements Si, P, S, its amount that accounts for total component is by weight percentage satisfied: Si:1.78%, P:0.08%, S:0.08%, surplus is Fe;
Step 3: cast: begin ladle-to-ladle when iron liquid liquid level is lower than bag mouth 32mm in the bull ladle, and when ladle-to-ladle, iron liquid is poured in the pouring ladle, the duration of pouring of the whole iron clad water of strict control, 12min finishes cast in casting process, and the cast end was unpacked in back 3 hours, take off part, make the cooling of foundry goods horizontal, free shrink, cleaning dead head and burr, cylinder impeller blasting cast(ing) surface oxide skin and local scab, polishing dead head undesirable root;
Step 4: thermal treatment: foundry goods is heat-treated by heat treatment furnace, heat treatment process parameter is: normal temperature (20 ℃～25 ℃) is gone into stove, is warming up to 550 ℃ with 100 ℃/h temperature rise rate, keeps constant temperature 4h then, cool to 300 ℃ with the furnace and come out of the stove, the line space of going forward side by side air cooling but;
Step 5: adopt traditional mechanical workout pattern, it is processed, carry out transient equilibrium then and detect by drawing matching requirements size, when needing converted products is gone heavily to handle, carry out magnetic-particle inspection again, detect defectives such as casting crack, described magnetic-particle inspection method is with iron and steel etc.
MagneticsubstanceMake
WorkpieceGive
Magnetization, utilize the leakage field of its rejected region to adsorb
MagneticFeature, distribute to show according to magnetic to be detected object
Surface imperfectionWith near surface flaw
A kind ofMethod.There is the foundry goods of crackle directly discarded by detection, the formation finished product of flawless defective.
Embodiment 12: a kind of production method of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: prepare starting material: the magnesium iron pig iron, low-carbon waste steel, composite inoculant and fine granularity nucleating agent, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, ferromanganese, electrolytic copper, MnN;
Step 2: dissolve: the magnesium iron pig iron, low-carbon waste steel are added in the middle frequency furnace, described middle frequency furnace is the 3T middle frequency furnace, rated output is 2000KW, melting rate 3.3t/h, smelting state are 560w.h/t, melting 2 hours, treat that furnace charge melts fully, when temperature reaches 1500 ℃, to its sampling, with its chemical ingredients of spectrum analyzer rapid detection; According to detected result, guarantee that C accounts for 3.75% of total component by weight percentage, adjust and add ferrochrome and adjust alloying elements cr, make Cr remain on 0.17% of total component; Adjust and add molybdenum-iron and adjust Alloy Elements Mo, make Mo remain on 0.29% of total component, adjust and add MnN and adjust alloying element N, make N remain on 0.16% of total component, adjust and add ferromanganese and adjust alloying element Mn, make Mn remain on 0.56% of total component; Continue to be warming up to 1520 ℃, come out of the stove, iron liquid is put into bull ladle, the crystallization condition of iron liquid for a change, eliminate spoken parts in traditional operas, the artificial graphite crystal nucleus number that increases, obtain shred shape graphite structure, reduce ferritic content in the matrix simultaneously, the refine pearlite lamellar spacing, improve the performance of graphitic cast iron, improve the tissue of casting section and the homogeneity of performance, reduce sensitivity profile, pour the composite inoculant that accounts for the total component 0.4% of raw material at the Shi Suiliu that taps a blast furnace, described composite inoculant composition is based on the SiFe alloy, and barium, calcium, rare earth element are added in combination.Adjust in bull ladle and the adding electrolytic copper, the content that makes Cu is to account for 0.39% of total component; Adjust elements Si, P, S, its amount that accounts for total component is by weight percentage satisfied: Si:1.67%, P:0.04%, S:0.05%, the surplus main ingredient is Fe;
Step 3: cast: begin ladle-to-ladle when iron liquid liquid level is lower than bag mouth 30mm in the bull ladle, and when ladle-to-ladle, iron liquid is poured in the pouring ladle, the duration of pouring of the whole iron clad water of strict control in casting process, 10min finishes cast, in parcel, add the fine granularity nucleating agent that accounts for the total component 0.13% of raw material during cast, carry out instant inoculation, prevent inoculation fade; Described fine granularity nucleating agent is classified by particle size, and the used granularity of present embodiment is 1-3, is a kind of low silicon barium calcium nucleating agent, and is small because of its dynamics, is mainly used in instant inoculation.The cast end was unpacked in back 2 hours, took off part, made the cooling of foundry goods horizontal, free shrink, cleaning dead head and burr, cylinder impeller blasting cast(ing) surface oxide skin and local scab, polishing dead head undesirable root;
Step 4: thermal treatment: foundry goods is heat-treated by heat treatment furnace, heat treatment process parameter is: normal temperature (20 ℃～25 ℃) is gone into stove, is warming up to 530 ℃ with 80 ℃/h temperature rise rate, keeps constant temperature 3.5h then, cool to 280 ℃ with the furnace and come out of the stove, the line space of going forward side by side air cooling but;
Step 5: adopt traditional mechanical workout pattern, it is processed, carry out transient equilibrium then and detect by drawing matching requirements size, when needing converted products is gone heavily to handle, carry out magnetic-particle inspection again, detect defectives such as casting crack, described magnetic-particle inspection method is with iron and steel etc.
MagneticsubstanceMake
WorkpieceGive
Magnetization, utilize the leakage field of its rejected region to adsorb
MagneticFeature, distribute to show according to magnetic to be detected object
Surface imperfectionWith near surface flaw
A kind ofMethod.There is the foundry goods of crackle directly discarded by detection, the formation finished product of flawless defective.
Embodiment 13: a kind of production method of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, and described production method may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: prepare starting material: the magnesium iron pig iron, low-carbon waste steel, composite inoculant and fine granularity nucleating agent, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, ferromanganese, electrolytic copper, MnN, carbon content is greater than 98.5% carburelant;
Step 2: dissolve: the magnesium iron pig iron, low-carbon waste steel are added in the middle frequency furnace, described middle frequency furnace rated output is 1800KW, melting rate 3.2t/h, the smelting state is 550kw.h/t, melting 1 hour treats that furnace charge melts fully, when temperature reaches 1450 ℃, to its sampling, with its chemical ingredients of spectrum analyzer rapid detection; According to detected result, add carbon content greater than 98.5% carburelant, adjust and satisfy C content and account for 3.73%～3.77% of total component, adjust and also add ferrochrome and adjust alloying elements cr, make Cr remain on 0.17% of total component, adjust and add molybdenum-iron and adjust Alloy Elements Mo, make Mo remain on 0.28% of total component, adjust and add MnN and adjust alloying element N, make the content of N remain on 0.19% of total component, adjust and add ferromanganese and adjust alloying element Mn, make Mn remain on 0.8% of total component; Continue to be warming up to 1510 ℃, come out of the stove, iron liquid is put into bull ladle, and pour the composite inoculant that accounts for the total component 0.3% of raw material at the Shi Suiliu that taps a blast furnace, described composite inoculant composition is based on the SiFe alloy, and barium, calcium, rare earth element are added in combination.In bull ladle, adjust and the adding electrolytic copper, make the content of Cu account for 0.5% of total component; Adjust elements Si, P, S, make its amount that accounts for total component by weight percentage satisfy Si:1.65%, P:0.11%, S:0.12%, the surplus main ingredient is Fe;
Step 3: cast: begin ladle-to-ladle when iron liquid liquid level is lower than bag mouth 28mm in the bull ladle, and when ladle-to-ladle, iron liquid is poured in the pouring ladle, the duration of pouring of the whole iron clad water of strict control in casting process, 6min finishes cast, in parcel, add the fine granularity nucleating agent that accounts for the total component 0.1% of raw material during cast, carry out instant inoculation, prevent inoculation fade; Described fine granularity nucleating agent is classified by particle size, and the used granularity of present embodiment is 1-3, is a kind of low silicon barium calcium nucleating agent, and is small because of its dynamics, is mainly used in instant inoculation.The cast end was unpacked in back 1 hour, took off part, made the cooling of foundry goods horizontal, free shrink, cleaning dead head and burr, cylinder impeller blasting cast(ing) surface oxide skin and local scab, polishing dead head undesirable root;
Step 4: thermal treatment: foundry goods is heat-treated by heat treatment furnace, heat treatment process parameter is: normal temperature (20 ℃～25 ℃) is gone into stove, is warming up to 520 ℃ with 60 ℃/h temperature rise rate, keeps constant temperature 3h then, cool to 250 ℃ with the furnace and come out of the stove, the line space of going forward side by side air cooling but;
Step 5: adopt traditional mechanical workout pattern, by drawing matching requirements size it is processed, carrying out transient equilibrium then detects, when needing converted products is gone heavily to handle, carry out magnetic-particle inspection again, detect defectives such as casting crack, have the foundry goods of crackle directly discarded, the formation finished product of flawless defective.
Embodiment 14: present embodiment content and embodiment 13 contents are basic identical, the same section content no longer repeats, as different from Example 13: when the cast beginning, also pour into a mould test wedge in the present embodiment step 3, middle and the latter stage in cast, pour into a mould the chemical ingredients sample respectively, every iron clad water is poured into a mould one group of tensile test bar blank, described test wedge, chemical ingredients sample, tensile test bar blank be respectively same stove molten iron when melting institute materials, after the cooling, test wedge is triangular in shape, is used to observe material; The chemical ingredients sample is a rhombus, is used to change into analysis; The tensile test bar blank is a vertical cyclindrical shape, is used for tension test.Test wedge, chemical ingredients sample, tensile test bar blank after the test is used for file preserving by analysis, present embodiment for review material, three kinds of samples will having preserved of waste material do not melt down from white silk.
Claims (10)
1. high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc, it is characterized in that: this retarding disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.7%～3.8%, Mn:0.5%～0.8%, Cu:0.3%～0.5%, Cr:0.1%～0.2%, Mo:0.2%～0.4%, Si:1.6%～2.0%, N:0.1%～0.2%, P:0.01%～0.12%, S:0.05%～0.12%, surplus are Fe.
2. high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this retarding disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.71%～3.79%, Mn:0.53%～0.77%, Cu:0.33%～0.47%, Cr:0.11%～0.18%, Mo:0.25%～0.37%, Si:1.62%～1.95%, N:0.11%～0.18%, P:0.02%～0.11%, S:0.06%～0.11%, surplus are Fe.
3. high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this retarding disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.73%～3.77%, Mn:0.58%～0.73%, Cu:0.37%～0.45%, Cr:0.13%～0.19%, Mo:0.28%～0.35%, Si:1.65%～1.80%, N:0.13%～0.17%, P:0.03%～0.09%, S:0.07%～0.10%, surplus are Fe.
4. high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this retarding disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.74%～3.78%, Mn:0.62%～0.65%, Cu:0.42%～0.49%, Cr:0.12%～0.15%, Mo:0.32%～0.34%, Si:1.63%～1.69%, N:0.14%～0.15%, P:0.05%～0.07%, S:0.08%～0.09%, surplus are Fe.
5. high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this retarding disc chemical ingredients components by weight percentage is as follows: C:3.75%, Mn:0.56%, Cu:0.39%, Cr:0.17%, Mo:0.29%, Si:1.67%, N:0.16%, P:0.04%, S:0.05%, surplus is Fe.
6. the production method of a high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: prepare starting material: the magnesium iron pig iron, low-carbon waste steel, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, ferromanganese, electrolytic copper, MnN or CrN;
Step 2: dissolve: the magnesium iron pig iron, low-carbon waste steel are added in the middle frequency furnace, described middle frequency furnace rated output is 1800～2200KW, melting rate 3.2～3.4t/h, the smelting state is 550k～565w.h/t, melting 1～3 hour treats that furnace charge melts fully, when temperature reaches 1450 ℃～1550 ℃, to its sampling, with its chemical ingredients of spectrum analyzer rapid detection; According to detected result, guarantee that C accounts for 3.7%～3.8% of total component by weight percentage, adjust and add ferrochrome and adjust alloying elements cr, make Cr remain on 0.1%～0.2% of total component, adjust and add molybdenum-iron and adjust Alloy Elements Mo, make Mo remain on 0.2%～0.4% of total component, adjust and adding MnN or CrN adjustment alloying element N, make N remain on 0.1%～0.2% of total component, adjust and add ferromanganese and adjust alloying element Mn, make Mn remain on 0.5%～0.8% of total component; Continue to be warming up to 1510 ℃～1530 ℃, come out of the stove, iron liquid is put into bull ladle, adjust in bull ladle and the adding electrolytic copper, the content that makes Cu is to account for 0.3%～0.5% of total component; Adjust elements Si, P, S, its amount that accounts for total component is by weight percentage satisfied: Si:1.6%～2.0%, P:0.01%～0.12%, S:0.05%～0.12%, surplus is Fe;
Step 3: cast: begin ladle-to-ladle when iron liquid liquid level is lower than bag mouth 28～32mm in the bull ladle, and when ladle-to-ladle, iron liquid is poured in the pouring ladle, finish cast at 6～12min the duration of pouring of the whole iron clad water of strict control in casting process, and cast finishes the back and unpacked in 1～3 hour, take off part, make the cooling of foundry goods horizontal, free shrink, cleaning dead head and burr, cylinder impeller blasting cast(ing) surface oxide skin and local scab, polishing dead head undesirable root;
Step 4: thermal treatment: foundry goods is heat-treated by heat treatment furnace, heat treatment process parameter is: normal temperature is gone into stove, is warming up to 520～550 ℃ with 60～100 ℃/h temperature rise rate, keeps constant temperature 3～4h then, cool to 250～300 ℃ with the furnace and come out of the stove, the line space of going forward side by side air cooling but;
Step 5: adopt traditional mechanical workout pattern, by drawing matching requirements size it is processed, carrying out transient equilibrium then detects, as required converted products is gone heavily to handle, carry out magnetic-particle inspection again, detect defectives such as casting crack, have the foundry goods of crackle directly discarded, the formation finished product of flawless defective.
7. the production method of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc according to claim 6, it is characterized in that:, in parcel, also add the fine granularity nucleating agent that accounts for the total component 0.1%～0.15% of raw material in the described step 3 during cast total also pour the composite inoculant that accounts for raw material component 0.3%～0.5% when coming out of the stove in the described step 2 with stream.
8. the production method of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: when the cast beginning, also pour into a mould test wedge in the described step 3, pour into a mould the chemical ingredients sample middle and latter stage respectively in cast, and every iron clad water is poured into a mould one group of tensile test bar blank.
9. the production method of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: in the described step 2 according to detected result, if accounting for the amount of total component by weight percentage, C is lower than 3.7%, add high violent steel scrap or carbon content greater than 98.5% carburelant, adjust and satisfy C content and account for 3.7～3.8% of total component.
10. the production method of high-carbon graphitic cast iron automobile brake disc according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: in the described step 2 according to detected result, if accounting for the amount of total component by weight percentage, C is lower than 3.7%, add high violent steel scrap or carbon content greater than 98.5% carburelant, adjust and satisfy C content and account for 3.73%～3.77% of total component.
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| CN112853198A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | High-carbon low-silicon alloy gray cast iron brake disc and preparation method thereof |
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