CN103213670A

CN103213670A - Space hinge action system of aircraft flap

Info

Publication number: CN103213670A
Application number: CN 201210569766
Authority: CN
Inventors: 薛广振
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-12-25
Filing date: 2012-12-25
Publication date: 2013-07-24

Abstract

In the prior art, an action mechanism of an aircraft flap is exposed outside a wing airfoil profile to form an additional external-suspension structure so as to damage the whole integrity of the swing streamline, reduce lift force efficiency of the swing, and cause an additional resistance area, jillion fuel oil wasting and the like, such that the negative effect and the positive effect are added to cause double loss; until now, people can only design the increasingly complex and heavy mechanical mechanism to minimize the external-suspension size of the flap action system; and in fact, people basically do not expect to provide a scheme capable of thoroughly hiding the flap action mechanism into the wing airfoil. According to the present invention, the space hinge in the previous invention is applied as an aircraft flap action system, wherein the flap can completely provide effects and the flap action mechanism can be completely hided into the wing airfoil only with the flap action system scheme of the space hinge.

Description

The space hinge moving system of aircraft flap

Technical field

The wing flap of aircraft (English: flap), be a kind of auxiliary lifting device of present generation aircraft airfoil edge portion, can deflect down or (with) backward (preceding) stretch, its basic function is to increase lift awing.According to the institute installation position, wing flap is divided into trailing edge flap, sees accompanying drawing 1, and droope snoot, sees accompanying drawing 2.According to the movement relation between wing flap and the wing main body, be divided into plain flap (Plain flap) again, see accompanying drawing 3, split flap (Split flap) is seen accompanying drawing 4, split wing flap (Slotted flap), see accompanying drawing 5 and Buddhist Le Shi wing flap (Fowler flap), see accompanying drawing 6.Wing flap develops to Buddhist Le Shi form, presented the complete expectation of people: on the one hand to wing flap, it can be an axle with self leading edge (only being example with the trailing edge flap), tail down pivot angle α is just as yaw rudder on the vertical tail and the elevating rudder on the tailplane and be positioned at aileron on the wing tip trailing edge; On the other hand, wing flap is also wanted and can be stretched out a distance x and y to the back lower place of wing (still being example with the trailing edge flap), as shown in Figure 7.But so complicated wing flap motion can be converted in fact, and wing flap is the center of circle with the o point, is radius with R, does circular movement rotation alpha angle, as shown in Figure 8.Because only in this way, just can reach two purposes that wing flap is come out to reach by creation, one, (stretching out the x distance backward) increases wing area, and two, (moving down y simultaneously again to lower swing α angle) becomes wing stream line pattern integral body and is bent downwardly.Reason is very simple: wing increases area just can increase similar lift in proportion, and crooked aerofoil profile is more suitable in low-speed operations, and both take place just to make aircraft to fly under the speed more much lower than cruising speed simultaneously.So the general many uses when taking off and land of wing flap to reduce take-off and landing speed significantly, are shortened ground run distance, improve safety.

Improving airfoil lift to greatest extent, is the simplest target of airplane design person; It also is the simplest increasing wing area and making the aerofoil profile bending, the most direct method, therefore, the birth of wing flap should also be natural, natural thing, but until this wing flap motion of not only having stretched out but also rotate that Buddhist Le Shi form just embodies reluctantly is essential, this fact but allows people see that certain is difficult---and does not so how simple and clear principle propose straight from the shoulder? originally, this wing flap motion of not only having stretched out but also having rotated, its Project Realization, promptly, the actual installation of wing flap, connect, support, the link gear that launches, abbreviate " actuating mechanism " or " moving system " of wing flap as, but remain individual very complicated so far, the difficulty problem; And the various actual operational version shown in picture accompanying drawing 9,10,11,12,13,14 grades, then let alone perfect.The present invention, by " space hinge " principle, a brand new wing flap moving system scheme is proposed, all different with all existing solutions, it might be one the simplest, the most reasonable, might be again efficient, the most perfect wing flap moving system scheme simultaneously.

Background technology

The wing flap motion essence of not only having stretched out but also having rotated, desirable description should be that wing flap centers on appropriate location, wing below and does the center of circle, moves in a circle, as shown in Figure 8.This point intactly has been embodied on some simple and easy actuating mechanisms commonly used, as shown in Figure 13.But aspect Project Realization, the present everything system that uses, all exist a huge problem, that is exactly, owing to have inherent restriction and restriction in their technical schemes, moving system itself, no matter be in course of action or the wing flap closure state under, all have to be extended to outside wing stream line pattern (being called for short " aerofoil profile ", the down together) overall profile, become the additional outer hanging hang structure on the wing, as shown in Figure 10, at the integraty that has destroyed the wing streamline profile, when having reduced lift efficient, also cause extra wind area, produced extra flight resistance.This is one anti-one positive double loss, is embodied directly in the extra fuel oil that is consumed, the extra carbon emission that is increased ... definitely can accurate Calculation come out, the accumulated number that this consumes and loses also definitely will be huge.Simultaneously, this additional outer hanging hang structure has also increased the risk of collision of aircraft greatly.And with regard to the scheme of accompanying drawing 13, increase along with type, the distance that wing flap stretches out backward increases, downward amount of movement and rotation amount also increase, cause the actual radius of rotation of wing flap sharply to increase, to such an extent as to, offset by himself undue weight and additional resistance, even may be to lose more than gain by the additional lift that wing flap produced that this moving system drives.This also just why this moving system seem naturally, simple, intuitive, but the reason of on large aircraft, using.

So-called imperfect part just is being this inherence restriction (is defective In the view of this patent people) by wing flap moving system know-why, and the outer extention of the aerofoil profile that is caused is brought to system, seemingly keeps away unavoidable sacrifice or loss.Desirable, the most perfect moving system is, the wing flap moving system is when wing flap is closed fully, if can hide fully or be included within the aerofoil profile all right.This target is for all existing schemes, and is all too idealized, so people just are conceived to a more real target---dwindle the size that exposes of wing flap moving system as far as possible.So picture accompanying drawing 1,2,9,10 has just been arranged, the more such modern use-cases shown in 14.The characteristics of these moving systems are, use the theory of machines that becomes increasingly complex and the mechanism of weight more and more, in the circular motion of realization wing flap, reduce exposed parts to greatest extent---exchange bulk for complexity and weight.This all effort is unyielding, but all fails finally thoroughly to deal with problems, and then just all seems solemn and stirring.The present invention utilizes the space hinge, be used as the structural principle of aircraft flap actuating mechanism, can either ideally embody the complete intension of wing flap principle, in the engineering aspect moving system is hidden within the Airfoil profile fully again---do not increase any trouble to integral system, defended the complete type of aerofoil profile like a cork, made Buddhist Le Shi shape wing flap return its due engineering status simultaneously again, embody its due principle value.

Summary of the invention

The space hinge is my another patent of invention, and number of patent application is 2011102239776, on November 21st, 2012, goes up announcement at the 28th volume No. 47 " patent gazette ", and publication No. is CN102787772A.The space hinge, briefly be exactly, in the leafy multiaxis hinge that has more than 2 or 2 axle, the not parallel relation of axle, a class hinge of being established as center function.Perhaps conversely speaking, hinge the axle not parallel relation, be mistake under normal conditions, but on the hinge of space, be function.Here, be example only with " 34 pages of angle space hinges such as homonymy ", the prescribed space hinge is as a brand-new scheme, the principle feasibility of using on the aircraft flap moving system, and engineering novelty and practicality.

With " 34 pages of angle space hinges such as homonymy " is example, first leaf and the 4th leaf are affixed with wing-body and wing flap respectively, and perhaps wing-body and wing flap itself are exactly first leaf and the 4th leaf of space hinge conversely speaking,, principle and structural representation, as shown in Figure 15." space hinge patent of invention " illustrates that the space hinge has two functional characteristics, one, and leaf fan is done open and close movement will cause that the point that is on the leaf fan of being separated by (be called for short " every the leaf point ", down with) does the space circular arc motion; Two, when the space hinge was folded up, each leaf fan can overlap fully.First functional characteristics has determined that the space hinge can and just in time be suitable for doing the actuating mechanism of aircraft flap.The leaf fan body of space hinge itself just directly as supporter, connector and the path of motion of wing flap guide rail---it self directly just constitutes moving system, certainly, the control of moving system and propulsive effort need configuration in addition, and this point is the same with all existing schemes.But, extraordinary simple, directly of the structure of space hinge itself, these huge characteristics itself just constitute its novelty as the wing flap moving system, because it is enough light and handy, simple and clear that this allows that it is designed, is that existing various schemes are all incomparable.

Its second characteristic then can allow the wing flap moving system fully hidden or be included within the aerofoil profile, and just as accompanying drawing 16,17,18, shown in 19, especially accompanying drawing 16.This just makes space hinge wing flap moving system have incomparable novelty.Taking a broad view of existing various wing flap moving systems, except that the scheme shown in the accompanying drawing 11, all is moving system in whole or in part, installs to be exposed to outside the aerofoil profile, and it is plug-in to form wing.And with regard to the scheme of accompanying drawing 11, the flap tracks system is hidden within the aerofoil profile, be a very ingenious, it is very much original and different scheme, but, on figure, can be clear that, its guide rail is the integral type part that the guide rail shape has been got well in a prior punching press, in order to be fixed on wing inside fully snugly, it has only and uses its finite space in aerofoil profile to greatest extent, but this sees conversely, it can guide distance that wing flap stretches out and the angle that is rotated down, just all be subject to the aerofoil profile space at its place fully, that is to say, the path of motion design of wing flap only sees that aerofoil profile space can allow wing flap to do the motion of what track, and can not be put into first to the planning of the fluid mechanics of overall aircraft with requirement fully---be a kind of passive design fully, thereby people are had a greatly reduced quality to the expectation of wing flap performance.But under the situation of space hinge, the outreach of wing flap and be rotated down angle, the leaf that only depends on the space hinge is fanned parameters such as size, between centers angle, and because the space hinge just is hidden within the Airfoil after having folded, the parameter that it is subject to aerofoil profile only is the height of leaf fan, and does not affect the motion amplitude of wing flap highly fully.That is to say, can be as required, as long as intensity allows, the space hinge can allow wing flap be close to unrestrictedly outwardly directed and be rotated down bending---have wide design remaining and initiative, make wing flap kinetic energy perform to best.

The space hinge can be realized the hiding fully of wing flap moving system, make wing keep the integraty of its aerofoil profile, thereby also make wing flap in principle and two aspects of engineering, all return its true colours---in the principle that can realize it to the queen's taste, bring into play its effect in, but do not increase any trouble to system.In other words, aircraft flap was done its moving system with regard to this usage space hinge originally; And for the hinge of space, it has a lot of purposes undoubtedly, still, uses as the moving system of aircraft flap, should be the purposes that its maximum has conduct.

Description of drawings

Figure number	Explanation
		Fig. 1	The general type of trailing edge wing flap
Fig. 2	The general type of leading edge of a wing wing flap
		Fig. 3	Plain flap (Plain flap)
Fig. 4	Split flap (Split flap)
		Fig. 5	Split wing flap (Slotted flap)
Fig. 6	Buddhist Le Shi wing flap (Fowler flap)
		Fig. 7	The wing flap motion analysis
Fig. 8	The circular movement model of wing flap
		Fig. 9	One of modern Application example of wing flap, complicated stretched out structure and huge plug-in space
Figure 10	Two of the modern Application example of wing flap, complicated stretched out structure and huge plug-in space
		Figure 11	Three of the modern Application example of wing flap is hidden rail mounted wing flap moving system
Figure 12	Four of the modern Application example of wing flap exposes rail mounted wing flap moving system
		Figure 13	Five of the modern Application example of wing flap, fixed physical fulcrum type wing flap moving system
Figure 14	Six of the modern Application example of wing flap, very complicated moving system
		Figure 15	The plane diagram of space hinge wing flap moving system
Figure 16	The complete closure state of space hinge wing flap moving system block map
		Figure 17	The initial, expanded condition of space hinge wing flap moving system block map
Figure 18	Big deployed condition of space hinge wing flap moving system block map
		Figure 19	The complete deployed condition of space hinge wing flap moving system block map

Claims

The space hinge can be used in any can be in fluid medium, such as air, liquid etc., with the fluid mechanics rule is motion principle, keep with the wing device (abbreviation " fluid vehicle ") on the movable body or vehicle that moves attitude and controlled motion track, no matter what these fluid vehicles specifically are called, " aircraft ", " helicopter ", " cyclogyro ", " air cushion vehicle ", " ship ", " Submarine ", or the like, in order to one or a series of other wing device, be connected with the fluid vehicle, make these other wing devices, can as the Buddhist Le Shi wing flap (Fowler flap) of present generation aircraft, do and stretch out and flexure operation, and no matter what these other wing devices are called; Because up to the present people's name of calling this class device has only " wing flap " this example, here just continue to use " wing flap " this name, in order to aspect in class, refer to this class and be connected to what is called " other wing device " on the fluid vehicle by the space hinge, and comprise might be existing and be about to the another name that occurs to this class device, simultaneously, " actuating mechanism (or the system) " that the space hinge is just called wing flap.
In the claim 1 as the space hinge of wing flap actuating mechanism, both the wing flap direct mount can be connected to the body self (and no matter what shape the body self of fluid vehicle is) of fluid vehicle, also wing flap can be installed and be connected on the fluid vehicle on the original existing wing device, and whichever or those existing wing devices original installation site and mode on the fluid vehicle, such as preceding or after, affixed or flexibly connect, or the like, also no matter what those existing wing devices have been called, " wing ", " tailplane ", " vertical tail ", and even " screw propeller ", " rotor ", " propelling unit ", " the stable wing ", or the like; For the purpose of stating conveniently, for wing flap, might as well be called " main wing " to these original existing wing devices.
In the claim 2 as the space hinge of wing flap actuating mechanism, on external relation, can on the wing flap of having installed, reuse by the space hinge, promptly, can install another one or a series of wing flap again and be connected on the existing wing flap, constitute new main wing-wing flap relation, and, this main wing-wing flap relation can be used at many levels, constitutes the series of main wing-wing flap; Simultaneously, the leading edge that wing flap both can be installed to main wing also can be installed on the trailing edge of main wing, also can both install simultaneously, and no matter be on which hierarchical relationship of main wing-wing flap series.
In the claim 3 as the space hinge of wing flap actuating mechanism, on internal relation, it can have several leaves fans and corresponding more than axle; And it is irrelevant with the concrete mounting means of space hinge, also irrelevant with the type of drive that promotes to promote wing flap with control space hinge and the action by the space hinge.
5. the said space hinge as the wing flap actuating mechanism in the claim 3 can be taked between centers angle arbitrarily, as long as meet the concept definition of space hinge, and irrelevant with the mounting means and the type of drive of space hinge.
6. the said space hinge as the wing flap actuating mechanism in the claim 3 can use separately also and can unite use; Can connect and use also and can in parallelly use, also can mix use by series and parallel, and irrelevant with the mounting means and the type of drive of space hinge.
In the claim 3 as the space hinge of wing flap actuating mechanism, when wing flap is packed up closure fully, it can be hidden within the aerofoil profile of main wing fully, and do not derive hanging hang structure outside any main wing fully, also can not exclusively hide or the part be hidden within the main wing aerofoil profile, and the outer hanging hang structure of residual suitable main wing, and regardless of this time space hinge itself folded state---it both can be that complete folded state also can be incomplete folded state.
In the claim 3 as the space hinge of wing flap actuating mechanism, when wing flap launched fully, it can be that complete deployed condition also can be incomplete deployed condition.