CN103202451B - A preparation method of shiitake mushroom seasoning sauce added with nano-calcium powder - Google Patents
A preparation method of shiitake mushroom seasoning sauce added with nano-calcium powder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种添加纳米钙粉的香菇调味汁制作方法,属于农产品加工技术领域。本发明以干制香菇和鸡骨架和/或猪骨为原料,通过预处理、超微及纳米级粉碎、超声波辅助热水浸提、生物酶解、离心、调味、增稠、装瓶、杀菌,最终获得一种高钙香菇调味汁。本发明采用超微粉碎技术降低香菇粉末颗粒大小,提高原料利用率;采用超声波辅助热水浸提缩短浸提时间,提高浸提效率,减少营养流失;采用生物酶解技术能除去杂质,改善产品澄清度,提高产品稳定性,较好保持产品的营养成分;将动物骨架制备成纳米钙粉添加于香菇调味汁中,不仅具有补钙功效,还能有效抑制细菌的生长。本发明制得的高钙香菇调味汁营养丰富、风味独特、使用便捷,是一种营养、健康、符合时代需求的调味品。The invention discloses a preparation method of shiitake mushroom seasoning sauce added with nano-calcium powder, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing. The invention uses dried shiitake mushrooms and chicken skeletons and/or pig bones as raw materials, through pretreatment, ultrafine and nanoscale crushing, ultrasonic assisted hot water extraction, biological enzymolysis, centrifugation, seasoning, thickening, bottling, and sterilization , resulting in a high calcium shiitake mushroom sauce. The invention adopts ultrafine pulverization technology to reduce the particle size of shiitake mushroom powder and improves the utilization rate of raw materials; adopts ultrasonic assisted hot water extraction to shorten the extraction time, improves extraction efficiency, and reduces nutrient loss; adopts biological enzymatic hydrolysis technology to remove impurities and improve products Clarity, improve product stability, and better maintain the nutritional content of the product; the animal skeleton is prepared into nano-calcium powder and added to the mushroom sauce, which not only has the effect of calcium supplementation, but also effectively inhibits the growth of bacteria. The high-calcium shiitake mushroom sauce prepared by the invention is rich in nutrition, unique in flavor and convenient to use, and is a nutritious, healthy condiment that meets the needs of the times.
Description
技术领域 technical field
一种添加纳米钙粉的香菇调味汁制作方法,涉及真菌复合调味料制作工艺,属于农产品加工技术领域。 The invention discloses a preparation method of shiitake mushroom seasoning sauce added with nano-calcium powder, relates to the preparation process of fungal compound seasoning, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing.
背景技术 Background technique
香菇在我国是一种久负盛名的食用菌,深受大众的喜爱。其属担子菌纲 (Basidaiomycetes)、伞菌目(Agaricales)、口蘑科(Tricholomatacete)、香菇属 (Lentinus),学名Lentinusedodes,又名香蕈、冬菇、花菇等。香菇素有“山珍之王”之称,其味道鲜美,香气浓郁,富含蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素和矿物质,是人们公认的美食佳品。 Shiitake mushroom is a kind of edible fungus with long reputation in my country, deeply loved by the public. It belongs to Basidiomycetes , Agaricales , Tricholomatacete , and Lentinus . Shiitake mushrooms are known as "the king of mountain delicacies". They are delicious, rich in aroma, rich in protein, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, and are recognized as a good food.
同时,香菇还具有很高的保健和药用价值,这在中国古代早有记载,如《本草纲目》中写道香菇“干平、无毒”;《医林篡要》认为香菇“可脱豆毒”;而《本经逢源》认为香菇“大益胃气”。香菇含有较多的生理活性物质,如香菇多糖具有明显的抑制病毒和抵抗癌症功效;香菇嘌呤可预防肝硬化,抑制血液中的胆固醇升高,降低血压的功效;香菇还含有大量的麦角甾醇,可转化成VD,增强人体抗病能力,促进人体骨骼正常发育。此外,香菇中还含有大量的酶,能纠正人体酶缺乏症。由此可见,香菇是一种不可多得的食用保健佳品。 At the same time, shiitake mushrooms also have high health care and medicinal value, which has been recorded in ancient China. For example, "Compendium of Materia Medica" wrote that shiitake mushrooms are "dry and flat, non-toxic"; bean poison"; and "Ben Jing Feng Yuan" believes that shiitake mushrooms "greatly benefit stomach qi". Shiitake mushrooms contain more physiologically active substances, such as lentinan, which has obvious effects of inhibiting viruses and resisting cancer; shiitake mushrooms can prevent liver cirrhosis, inhibit the rise of cholesterol in the blood, and lower blood pressure; shiitake mushrooms also contain a large amount of ergosterol, It can be converted into VD, enhance the body's disease resistance, and promote the normal development of human bones. In addition, shiitake mushrooms also contain a lot of enzymes, which can correct human enzyme deficiency. It can be seen that shiitake mushrooms are a rare food and health care product.
鉴于香菇所具有的营养和药用特性,科研人员一直致力于香菇产品的研究开发,并已形成了形式多样的产品,主要涉及香菇罐头、香菇蜜饯、香菇调味酱等食品类产品,及香菇多糖胶囊、香菇口服液等医药保健产品。考虑到人们对调味品的需求日益增长,将香菇开发成一种使用便捷的调味品已为大势所趋。在这方面国内外已有了相关报道。常海军等(2006)对香菇大蒜复合酱油制作工艺进行了研究,确定了产品的最佳配方,所得产品氨基态氮含量高,口味鲜美,是一种良好的保健调味品。蒿瑞岭等(2001)以新鲜香菇为原料,并辅以各种风味地道成分(如辣油、猪肉、花生、春笋、豆腐干等)制作了香菇复合酱,所得产品风味独特、味道鲜美、营养丰富。翟玮玮(2009)对香菇蒜蓉酱制作工艺进行了研究,确定了香菇蒜蓉酱的最佳配方为香菇:大蒜比例为4:1,食盐为4%;蔗糖为10%;稳定剂为3.5%,且根据配方生产的产品具有较好的感官品质。然而,国内外以干香菇为原料生产香菇调味汁的报道还相对较少。宋淑敏等(1994)以EF-016菌株为中试生产菌种,通过二次发酵法制得了香菇调味汁。此生产方法既提高了产品的含氮量,改善了产品的口感,又较好地保存了香菇原有的风味和营养。然而,菌丝发酵法制取香菇调味汁,发酵周期长,条件不易控制,且耗费大量原料,成本较高。相比较,采用浸提法制取香菇调味汁则可以缩短生产周期,降低生产成本。 In view of the nutritional and medicinal properties of shiitake mushrooms, researchers have been committed to the research and development of shiitake mushroom products, and have formed a variety of products, mainly involving food products such as canned shiitake mushrooms, candied shiitake mushrooms, shiitake mushroom seasoning sauce, and shiitake polysaccharides. Capsules, mushroom oral liquid and other medical and health care products. Considering that people's demand for condiments is increasing day by day, it is the trend of the times to develop shiitake mushrooms into a convenient condiment. There have been relevant reports at home and abroad in this regard. Chang Haijun et al. (2006) studied the production process of shiitake mushroom and garlic compound soy sauce, and determined the best formula of the product. The obtained product has high amino nitrogen content and delicious taste, and is a good health condiment. Hao Ruiling et al. (2001) used fresh shiitake mushrooms as raw materials, supplemented with various authentic ingredients (such as spicy oil, pork, peanuts, spring bamboo shoots, dried tofu, etc.) to make a shiitake mushroom compound sauce. Rich. Zhai Weiwei (2009) researched the production process of shiitake mushroom and garlic sauce, and determined that the best formula of shiitake mushroom and garlic sauce is 4:1 ratio of shiitake mushrooms and garlic, 4% of salt, 10% of sucrose, and 3.5% of stabilizer , and the products produced according to the formula have better sensory quality. Yet, the report that is raw material production shiitake mushroom sauce with dried shiitake mushrooms is also relatively few both at home and abroad. Song Shumin et al. (1994) used the EF-016 strain as the pilot production strain, and obtained the mushroom sauce through the secondary fermentation method. The production method not only increases the nitrogen content of the product, improves the taste of the product, but also better preserves the original flavor and nutrition of the shiitake mushroom. However, mycelium fermentation method is used to prepare shiitake mushroom sauce, which has a long fermentation period, difficult conditions to control, and consumes a large amount of raw materials with high cost. In comparison, adopting the extraction method to prepare the mushroom seasoning sauce can shorten the production cycle and reduce the production cost.
制备香菇调味汁关键在于如何有效地将香菇中的风味成分和鲜味成分提取出来。通常而言,在提取过程中运用些先进技术,如超微粉碎技术、超声波辅助浸提技术、生物酶解技术等能有效提高原料的利用率和浸提效率。超微粉碎技术作为一种食品加工新技术,可使香菇粉末颗粒大小达到微米级,有效地破坏了香菇的细胞结构,从而有利于浸提效率的提升。史德芳等(2009)以香菇柄为实验材料,研究了超微粉碎处理对香菇柄多糖提取的影响。结果表明,香菇柄超微粉碎后多糖溶出率为粗粉碎的2.17倍。超声波作为一种新型的食品加工辅助措施,将其应用于香菇浸提过程,能明显提高浸提效率。这是因为超声波空穴泡崩溃瞬间能产生高温、高压,并且在液体基质中还会产生强大的冲击波和微射流,这些效应不仅能减小或消除颗粒与提取液间的阻滞层,从而加大了传质效率。同时,对香菇的组织结构也具有破坏作用、促使其内含物的释放, 从而大大加速了浸提效率。王亚飞等(2004)通过正交试验优化了超声波辅助热水提取香菇多糖的工艺,并通过与普通浸提方式进行比较,证实了超声波辅助热水浸提的优越性。由于香菇含有大量的纤维素,在浸提过程中会导致风味蛋白、肽、氨基酸等物质不容易释放到外部,从而影响了香菇风味物质的提取。因此,对香菇纤维素和蛋白质进行水解,就成了开发香菇风味产品的关键性课题。杨锋等(2008)用戊聚糖酶、木瓜蛋白酶对香菇进行水解,确定了最佳的酶解条件为:先添加0.1%的戊聚糖酶40℃酶解2h,再添加0.2%的木瓜蛋白酶45℃酶解3h,并且酶解后酶解液质地清澈,香味浓郁。 The key to preparing shiitake mushroom sauce is how to effectively extract the flavor and umami ingredients in shiitake mushrooms. Generally speaking, the use of some advanced technologies in the extraction process, such as ultra-fine pulverization technology, ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology, bio-enzymatic hydrolysis technology, etc., can effectively improve the utilization rate of raw materials and extraction efficiency. As a new food processing technology, ultrafine pulverization technology can make the particle size of shiitake mushroom powder reach the micron level, effectively destroying the cell structure of shiitake mushrooms, which is conducive to the improvement of extraction efficiency. Shi Defang et al. (2009) studied the effect of ultrafine pulverization treatment on the extraction of polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes stipe using Lentinus edodes stipe as experimental material. The results showed that the dissolution rate of polysaccharides after superfine grinding of mushroom stalk was 2.17 times that of coarse grinding. As a new type of food processing auxiliary measure, ultrasonic wave is applied to the extraction process of shiitake mushrooms, which can significantly improve the extraction efficiency. This is because the collapse of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles can generate high temperature and high pressure instantly, and also generate powerful shock waves and micro jets in the liquid matrix. These effects can not only reduce or eliminate the barrier layer between the particles and the extraction liquid, thereby increasing the Increased mass transfer efficiency. At the same time, it also has a destructive effect on the tissue structure of shiitake mushrooms and promotes the release of its contents, thus greatly accelerating the extraction efficiency. Wang Yafei et al. (2004) optimized the process of ultrasonic-assisted hot water extraction of lentinan through orthogonal experiments, and confirmed the superiority of ultrasonic-assisted hot water extraction by comparing it with ordinary extraction methods. Because shiitake mushrooms contain a lot of cellulose, flavor proteins, peptides, amino acids and other substances will not be easily released to the outside during the extraction process, thus affecting the extraction of flavor substances from shiitake mushrooms. Therefore, the hydrolysis of mushroom cellulose and protein has just become a key issue in the development of mushroom flavor products. Yang Feng et al. (2008) used pentosanase and papain to hydrolyze shiitake mushrooms, and determined the best enzymatic hydrolysis conditions: first add 0.1% pentosanase to hydrolyze at 40°C for 2 hours, then add 0.2% papaya Protease was hydrolyzed at 45°C for 3 hours, and after enzymolysis, the hydrolyzate had a clear texture and strong fragrance.
关于香菇调味品制作方面,国内也有相关专利公开。桂纯伟等(2006)公开一种香菇调味汁及其制作方法(专利申请号:200610023852.8),此发明采用香菇、滑子菇、黑木耳和草菇为原料制备香菇调味汁,虽然味道鲜美,使用简单,但工艺流程中未对菇粒进行任何预处理影响了浸提的效率和原料的利用率。赵伯涛等(2010)公开了一种食用菌风味肉味调味料及其制备方法和应用(专利申请号:201010236708.9),此发明以食用菌或其下脚料为主要原料,通过微波提取、酶解、美拉德反应等工艺制备一种肉味浓郁并兼有香菇风味的新型调味料,但与本发明相比,产品钙含量较低。杨铭铎等(2007)公开了一种香菇-猪骨高汤冻的制备方法(专利申请号:200710144637.8),此发明制备的产品风味特别,营养价值高。此发明猪骨砸碎后直接进行酶解处理,影响有效成分的提取。诸葛勇(2004)公开了一种香菇辣酱及其制备方法(专利申请号:200410155128.1),详细介绍了香菇辣酱的配方和制作工艺,但未涉及香菇风味成分的提取。罗萌(2001)公开了一种食用菌类即食制品及其制配工艺(专利申请号:01131256.4),此发明主要侧重于食汤卤和调味精粉两项产品生产配方的介绍。 Regarding the production of shiitake mushroom seasoning, there are related patent disclosures in China. Gui Chunwei et al. (2006) disclose a kind of shiitake mushroom sauce and its preparation method (patent application number: 200610023852.8). This invention uses shiitake mushrooms, slider mushrooms, black fungus and straw mushrooms as raw materials to prepare shiitake mushroom sauce. Although the taste is delicious, It is simple to use, but the efficiency of extraction and the utilization rate of raw materials are not affected by any pretreatment of mushroom grains in the process. Zhao Botao et al. (2010) disclosed an edible mushroom-flavored meat-flavored seasoning and its preparation method and application (patent application number: 201010236708.9). Rad reaction and other techniques prepare a novel seasoning with rich meat flavor and mushroom flavor, but compared with the present invention, the calcium content of the product is lower. Yang Mingduo et al. (2007) disclosed a preparation method of shiitake mushroom-pork bone broth jelly (patent application number: 200710144637.8). The product prepared by this invention has special flavor and high nutritional value. The pig bones of this invention are directly subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis treatment after smashing, which affects the extraction of active ingredients. Zhuge Yong (2004) disclosed a shiitake mushroom chili sauce and its preparation method (patent application number: 200410155128.1), which introduced the formula and production process of shiitake mushroom chili sauce in detail, but did not involve the extraction of shiitake mushroom flavor components. Luo Meng (2001) disclosed a ready-to-eat edible fungus product and its preparation process (patent application number: 01131256.4). This invention mainly focuses on the introduction of two product production formulas: soup stew and seasoning powder.
钙是人体中重要的微量元素,对人体骨骼生长,维持神经与肌肉的正常兴奋性等具有重要的作用。然而,由于中国膳食结构存在的问题,80%以上的中国人钙摄入量不足,需要不同程度的补钙。虽然市场上补钙产品种类繁多,但均存在着难溶于水不易被人体吸收的问题,而采用纳米技术制备的钙粉较好的解决此类问题。与常规补钙产品相比,纳米钙粉亲水性更强,更易被人体吸收。要使纳米颗粒具有良好的性能制备方法至关重要。机械球磨法是利用球磨机的转动或震动,使硬球对原料进行强烈的撞击、研磨和搅拌,从而把原料粉碎为纳米级微粒的一种方法。该方法操作简单、成本低廉、在工业上已有了较广泛的应用。黄浩等(2010)利用高能振动球磨法,以氧化镧、氧化钙和二氧化锰为原料制备了纳米氧化物粉体。通过TEM对粉体的粒径大小和分散情况进行了观察发现,采用高能振动球磨法20h就能制备出颗粒大小为50-100nm的纳米钙钛矿粉。张广强等(2009)以单质硅和石墨混合粉体为初始原料,通过高能机械球磨法制备高质量的β-SiC纳米粉体,结果发现,球磨20h后,硅粉和石墨粉完全反应生成了单相的β-SiC纳米粉,平均晶粒尺寸约为20nm,但是团聚比较明显;球磨40h后的样品,平均晶粒尺寸约为12nm,而且样品分散性较好,为均匀的球形颗粒。本发明以畜产品下脚料--动物骨架的超微粉为初始原料,通过高能机械球磨法制备纳米钙粉添加于香菇调味汁中,从而实现了畜产品下脚料的综合利用,同时又增加香菇调味汁的营养功效(补钙功能),抑制了香菇调味汁贮藏期间细菌的生长。 Calcium is an important trace element in the human body, which plays an important role in the growth of human bones and maintaining the normal excitability of nerves and muscles. However, due to problems in the Chinese dietary structure, more than 80% of Chinese people have insufficient calcium intake and need different levels of calcium supplementation. Although there are many kinds of calcium supplement products on the market, they all have the problem of being insoluble in water and difficult to be absorbed by the human body. Calcium powder prepared by nanotechnology can better solve such problems. Compared with conventional calcium supplement products, nano calcium powder is more hydrophilic and easier to be absorbed by the body. To make nanoparticles with good performance preparation method is very important. The mechanical ball milling method is a method of using the rotation or vibration of the ball mill to make the hard balls strongly impact, grind and stir the raw materials, so as to crush the raw materials into nano-sized particles. The method is simple to operate, low in cost, and has been widely used in industry. Huang Hao et al. (2010) used the high-energy vibration ball milling method to prepare nano-oxide powders with lanthanum oxide, calcium oxide and manganese dioxide as raw materials. The particle size and dispersion of the powder were observed by TEM, and it was found that the nano-perovskite powder with a particle size of 50-100nm can be prepared by the high-energy vibration ball milling method for 20 hours. Zhang Guangqiang et al. (2009) prepared high-quality β-SiC nanopowder by high-energy mechanical ball milling using simple silicon and graphite mixed powder as the initial raw material. It was found that after 20 hours of ball milling, the silicon powder and graphite powder completely reacted to form a single Phase β-SiC nanopowder, the average grain size is about 20nm, but the agglomeration is more obvious; the sample after ball milling for 40h, the average grain size is about 12nm, and the sample dispersibility is good, it is uniform spherical particles. The invention uses animal product leftovers—animal skeleton ultrafine powder as the initial raw material, prepares nanometer calcium powder through high-energy mechanical ball milling and adds it to mushroom sauce, thereby realizing the comprehensive utilization of animal product leftovers and adding mushroom seasoning at the same time The nutritional effect of the juice (calcium supplement function), inhibited the growth of bacteria in the mushroom sauce during storage.
目前,追求健康、营养的消费方式已成为了一种趋势,而香菇以它独特风味,高营养价值及显著的生理功效而深受人们喜爱。然而,近年来由于原材料短缺、生产成本增加、产品相对过剩等造成了香菇等食用菌生产企业经济效益下滑。因此,对香菇等食用菌进行深加工,提高其附加值,已变得十分迫切。本发明旨在开发一种高效的,经济的高钙香菇调味汁制作方法,为香菇等食用菌的深加工提供新的研究思路。 At present, the pursuit of healthy and nutritious consumption has become a trend, and shiitake mushrooms are deeply loved by people for their unique flavor, high nutritional value and remarkable physiological effects. However, in recent years, due to the shortage of raw materials, the increase of production costs, and the relative surplus of products, the economic benefits of mushroom and other edible fungus production enterprises have declined. Therefore, it has become very urgent to carry out deep processing of edible fungi such as shiitake mushrooms and increase their added value. The invention aims to develop an efficient and economical method for preparing high-calcium shiitake mushroom seasoning sauce, so as to provide a new research idea for the deep processing of edible fungi such as shiitake mushrooms.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种添加纳米钙粉的香菇调味汁制作方法,形成一种营养丰富、风味独特、使用便捷的高钙香菇调味汁。 The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing shiitake mushroom seasoning sauce added with nano-calcium powder, so as to form a high-calcium shiitake mushroom sauce with rich nutrition, unique flavor and convenient use.
本发明的技术方案:一种添加纳米钙粉的香菇调味汁制作方法,以干香菇、鸡骨架和/或猪骨为原料,经过原料预处理、超微及纳米级粉碎、超声波辅助热水浸提、生物酶解、离心、调味、增稠、装瓶和杀菌,最终制得高钙香菇调味汁成品;步骤为: The technical scheme of the present invention: a method for preparing shiitake mushroom seasoning sauce added with nano-calcium powder, using dried shiitake mushrooms, chicken skeletons and/or pig bones as raw materials, through raw material pretreatment, ultrafine and nanoscale crushing, and ultrasonic-assisted hot water soaking Extraction, biological enzymatic hydrolysis, centrifugation, seasoning, thickening, bottling and sterilization, and finally the finished product of high-calcium shiitake mushroom seasoning sauce is obtained; the steps are:
(1)原料预处理:从市场上购买原料(干香菇、鸡骨架、猪骨),清洗去除表面污渍,粉碎形成100目的干香菇粉和骨粉,烘干备用; (1) Raw material pretreatment: buy raw materials (dried shiitake mushrooms, chicken skeletons, pork bones) from the market, wash and remove surface stains, crush to form 100-mesh dried shiitake mushroom powder and bone meal, and dry for later use;
(2)超微及纳米级粉碎:将100目的香菇粉、骨粉经电磁加料器分别加入ZNC-300型机械碾轧超微粉碎机,制得平均粒径为11.5微米的干香菇粉和骨粉。其中超微粉碎条件为:加料速度为3-5kg/h,工作压力为0.3 MPa,主机频率为44 Hz,风机频率为42 Hz。对于骨粉微粒再采用高能机械球磨法处理25h将其制备成纳米骨粉,其中机械球磨工作参数为:球磨介质直径为5-12 mm,球磨介质与粉料质量比为16:1,球磨罐转速为450 r/min;最终获得纳米骨粉颗粒为45nm–96nm; (2) Ultrafine and nanoscale pulverization: add 100-mesh shiitake mushroom powder and bone powder to a ZNC-300 mechanical rolling ultrafine pulverizer through an electromagnetic feeder to obtain dried shiitake mushroom powder and bone powder with an average particle size of 11.5 microns. Among them, the superfine grinding conditions are as follows: the feeding speed is 3-5kg/h, the working pressure is 0.3 MPa, the main machine frequency is 44 Hz, and the fan frequency is 42 Hz. The bone powder particles are treated with high-energy mechanical ball milling for 25 hours to prepare them into nano-bone powder. The working parameters of the mechanical ball milling are: the diameter of the ball milling medium is 5-12 mm, the mass ratio of the ball milling medium to the powder is 16:1, and the speed of the ball milling tank is 16:1. 450 r/min; the final obtained nano-bone powder particles are 45nm–96nm;
(3)超声波辅助热水浸提:称取一定量的经过超微粉碎的香菇粉,按照料液比1:30(g:mL)加入烧杯内热水中进行超声波辅助浸提。浸提的条件为:浸提温度60℃,浸提时间1.5-2 h,超声波频率40 KHz,超声波功率120-160 W,超声波脉冲50%; (3) Ultrasonic-assisted hot water leaching: Weigh a certain amount of ultra-finely pulverized shiitake mushroom powder, and add it into hot water in a beaker at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g:mL) for ultrasonic-assisted leaching. The extraction conditions are: extraction temperature 60°C, extraction time 1.5-2 h, ultrasonic frequency 40 KHz, ultrasonic power 120-160 W, ultrasonic pulse 50%;
(4)生物酶解:将步骤(3)所得香菇浸提液pH调节为5,加入0.1% 风味蛋白酶(以干香菇重量计算)和0.4%纤维素酶(以干香菇重量计算),然后于55℃水浴锅中酶解1.5 h; (4) Biological enzymatic hydrolysis: adjust the pH of the mushroom extract obtained in step (3) to 5, add 0.1% flavor protease (calculated by the weight of dried mushrooms) and 0.4% cellulase (calculated by the weight of dried mushrooms), and then Enzymolysis in a water bath at 55°C for 1.5 h;
(5)离心:将步骤(4)所得香菇浸提酶解液放入离心机中,在转速为4000 g的离心机中离心20 min,去除残渣,取香菇酶解液; (5) Centrifugation: put the shiitake mushroom extract enzymatic solution obtained in step (4) into a centrifuge, centrifuge in a centrifuge at a speed of 4000 g for 20 min, remove the residue, and take the shiitake mushroom enzymatic solution;
(6)调味:按照配方,将事先制备好的纳米骨粉颗粒按照1:10(纳米骨粉重量:干香菇重量)的比例加入香菇酶解液中,然后将食盐、白砂糖、I+G以及肉粉按比例加入香菇酶解液中搅匀。其中食盐、白砂糖、I+G和肉粉添加量分别为香菇酶解液质量的3%、2%、0.5%和0.4%。此外,还需加入质量浓度为0.1%六偏磷酸钠以增强纳米骨粉更好地分散在香菇酶解液中; (6) Seasoning: According to the recipe, add the prepared nano-bone meal particles into the mushroom enzymatic solution at a ratio of 1:10 (weight of nano-bone meal: weight of dried shiitake mushrooms), and then add salt, white sugar, I+G and meat powder Add the mushroom enzymatic solution in proportion and stir evenly. The added amounts of salt, white sugar, I+G and meat powder were 3%, 2%, 0.5% and 0.4% of the mass of the mushroom enzymatic hydrolyzate, respectively. In addition, it is necessary to add sodium hexametaphosphate with a mass concentration of 0.1% to enhance the better dispersion of nano-bone powder in the mushroom enzymatic solution;
(7)增稠:以羧甲基纤维素钠、藻酸丙二醇酯和黄原胶为增稠剂,其中羧甲基纤维素钠、藻酸丙二醇酯和黄原胶添加量分别为香菇酶解液的0.3%、 0.2%和0.09%; (7) Thickening: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, propylene glycol alginate and xanthan gum are used as thickeners, and the amounts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, propylene glycol alginate and xanthan gum are respectively 0.3%, 0.2% and 0.09% of liquid;
(8)装瓶、灭菌:将步骤(7)所得高钙香菇调味汁装入玻璃瓶中(每瓶净重200g),于真空蒸汽灌装机中封口,然后于121℃下,灭菌15 min。最终得到的产品钙含量约为195-246mg/瓶。 (8) Bottling and sterilization: put the high-calcium shiitake mushroom sauce obtained in step (7) into glass bottles (each bottle has a net weight of 200g), seal it in a vacuum steam filling machine, and then sterilize it at 121°C for 15 min. The calcium content of the finally obtained product is about 195-246mg/bottle.
本发明的有益效果: Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1、采用干香菇和骨架为原料生产的调味汁,相比于化学合成的调味品(如味精、鸡精)更安全、更健康,营养更丰富,且适合现代调味料的发展趋势; 1. Compared with chemically synthesized condiments (such as monosodium glutamate and chicken essence), the seasoning sauce produced by using dried shiitake mushrooms and skeleton as raw materials is safer, healthier, more nutritious, and suitable for the development trend of modern seasoning;
2、采用超微粉碎技术降低了颗粒的大小,破坏了原料的细胞结构,更有利于风味物质的提取;此外,采用超微粉碎技术也提高了原料的利用率和浸提的效率; 2. The use of ultrafine pulverization technology reduces the size of particles, destroys the cell structure of raw materials, and is more conducive to the extraction of flavor substances; in addition, the use of ultrafine pulverization technology also improves the utilization rate of raw materials and the efficiency of extraction;
3、采用生物酶解技术能除去杂质,改善产品的澄清度,提高产品的稳定性; 3. The use of biological enzymatic technology can remove impurities, improve the clarity of the product, and improve the stability of the product;
4、采用超声波辅助水浸提既缩短了浸提时间,降低了能耗,又提高了产品的得率; 4. The use of ultrasonic assisted water extraction not only shortens the extraction time, reduces energy consumption, but also improves the yield of the product;
5、在香菇调味汁中添加纳米钙粉既有利于人体补钙,又能有效抑制细菌的生长,延长香菇调味汁的货架期。 5. Adding nano-calcium powder to the mushroom sauce is not only beneficial to calcium supplementation for the human body, but also can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria and prolong the shelf life of the mushroom sauce.
总之,本发明生产制得的高钙香菇调味汁味道鲜美,香味浓郁,营养丰富,是老少皆宜的健康营养的调味品,并且加工工艺合理、实用,便于广泛推广。 In a word, the high-calcium shiitake mushroom seasoning sauce produced by the present invention is delicious, rich in fragrance and rich in nutrition, and is a healthy and nutritious condiment suitable for all ages. The processing technology is reasonable and practical, and it is easy to be widely popularized.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
实施例1:一种猪骨-香菇调味汁的制作方法,包括以下步骤: Embodiment 1: a kind of preparation method of pork bone-mushroom sauce, comprises the following steps:
(1)原料预处理:从市场上购买干香菇和猪骨,清洗去除表面污渍,粉碎形成100目的干香菇粉、猪骨粉,烘干以备后用; (1) Raw material pretreatment: buy dried shiitake mushrooms and pork bones from the market, wash and remove surface stains, crush them to form 100-mesh dried shiitake mushroom powder and pork bone powder, and dry them for later use;
(2)超微粉碎:将100目的香菇粉、猪骨粉经电磁加料器分别加入ZNC-300型机械碾轧超微粉碎机,制得平均粒径大小为11.5微米的干香菇粉和猪骨粉。其中超微粉碎条件为:加料速度为3-5kg/h,工作压力为0.3MPa,主机频率为44 Hz,风机频率为42 Hz。对于猪骨粉微粒再采用机械球磨法处理25h将其制备成纳米骨粉,其中机械球磨工作参数为:球磨介质直径大小为5-12 mm,球磨介质与粉料质料比为16:1,球磨罐转速为450 r/min;最终获得纳米猪骨粉颗粒大小为62nm–96nm; (2) Superfine pulverization: add 100 mesh mushroom powder and pork bone powder to ZNC-300 mechanical rolling superfine pulverizer respectively through an electromagnetic feeder to obtain dried mushroom powder and pork bone powder with an average particle size of 11.5 microns. Among them, the superfine grinding conditions are as follows: the feeding speed is 3-5kg/h, the working pressure is 0.3MPa, the main machine frequency is 44 Hz, and the fan frequency is 42 Hz. For pig bone powder particles, adopt mechanical ball milling method for 25h to prepare it into nano bone powder, wherein the working parameters of mechanical ball milling are: the diameter of ball milling medium is 5-12 mm, the ratio of ball milling medium to powder material is 16:1, and the speed of ball milling tank It was 450 r/min; the particle size of the finally obtained nano pig bone powder was 62nm-96nm;
(3)超声波辅助热水浸提:称取一定量的经过超微粉碎的香菇粉,按照料液比1:30(g:mL)加入烧杯内热水中进行超声波辅助浸提。其中浸提的条件为:浸提温度60℃,浸提时间1.5 h,超声波频率40 KHz,超声波功率160 W,超声波脉冲50%; (3) Ultrasonic-assisted hot water leaching: Weigh a certain amount of ultra-finely pulverized shiitake mushroom powder, and add it into hot water in a beaker at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g:mL) for ultrasonic-assisted leaching. The extraction conditions are: extraction temperature 60°C, extraction time 1.5 h, ultrasonic frequency 40 KHz, ultrasonic power 160 W, ultrasonic pulse 50%;
(4)生物酶解:将香菇浸提液pH调节为5,加入0.1% 风味蛋白酶(以干香菇重量计算)和0.4%纤维素酶(以干香菇重量计算),然后于55℃水浴锅中酶解1.5 h; (4) Biological enzymatic hydrolysis: Adjust the pH of the mushroom extract to 5, add 0.1% flavor protease (calculated based on the weight of dried mushrooms) and 0.4% cellulase (calculated based on the weight of dried mushrooms), and then put it in a water bath at 55°C Enzymolysis for 1.5 h;
(5)离心:将香菇浸提液放入离心机中,在转速为4000 g下离心20min,去除残渣,取香菇酶解液; (5) Centrifugation: Put the extract of shiitake mushrooms into a centrifuge, centrifuge at a speed of 4000 g for 20 minutes, remove the residue, and take the shiitake mushroom enzymatic solution;
(6)调味:按照配方,将事先制备好的纳米猪骨粉颗粒按照1:10(纳米猪骨粉重量:干香菇重量)的比例加入香菇酶解液中,然后将食盐、白砂糖、I+G以及肉粉按比例加入香菇酶解液中搅匀。其中食盐、白砂糖、I+G和肉粉添加量分别为香菇酶解液质量的3%、2%、0.5%和0.4%。此外,还需加入质量浓度为0.1%六偏磷酸钠以便纳米猪骨粉更好地分散在香菇酶解液中; (6) Seasoning: According to the formula, add the prepared nano-pig bone powder particles into the mushroom enzymolysis solution according to the ratio of 1:10 (weight of nano-pork bone powder: weight of dried shiitake mushrooms), and then add salt, white sugar, I+G And the meat powder is added in proportion to the mushroom enzymatic solution and stirred evenly. The added amounts of salt, white sugar, I+G and meat powder were 3%, 2%, 0.5% and 0.4% of the mass of the mushroom enzymatic hydrolyzate, respectively. In addition, it is necessary to add sodium hexametaphosphate with a mass concentration of 0.1% so that the nano-pork bone powder can be better dispersed in the mushroom enzymatic solution;
(7)增稠:以羧甲基纤维素钠、藻酸丙二醇酯和黄原胶为增稠剂,其中羧甲基纤维素钠、藻酸丙二醇酯和黄原胶添加量分别为香菇酶解液的0.3%、 0.2%和0.09%; (7) Thickening: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, propylene glycol alginate and xanthan gum are used as thickeners, and the amounts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, propylene glycol alginate and xanthan gum are respectively 0.3%, 0.2% and 0.09% of liquid;
(8)装瓶、灭菌:将高钙香菇调味汁装入玻璃瓶中(每瓶净重200g),于真空蒸汽灌装机中封口,然后于121℃下,灭菌15 min。最终得到的产品钙含量约为246mg/瓶。 (8) Bottling and sterilization: put the high-calcium mushroom sauce into glass bottles (each bottle has a net weight of 200g), seal it in a vacuum steam filling machine, and then sterilize it at 121°C for 15 minutes. The calcium content of the finally obtained product is about 246mg/bottle.
实施例2:一种鸡骨-香菇调味汁的制作方法,包括以下步骤: Embodiment 2: a kind of preparation method of chicken bone-mushroom sauce comprises the following steps:
(1)原料预处理:从市场上购买干香菇和鸡骨架,清洗去除表面污渍,粉碎形成100目的干香菇粉、鸡骨粉,烘干以备后用。 (1) Raw material pretreatment: buy dried shiitake mushrooms and chicken skeletons from the market, wash and remove surface stains, grind them into 100 mesh dried shiitake mushroom powder and chicken bone powder, and dry them for later use.
(2)超微及纳米级粉碎:将100目的香菇粉、骨粉经电磁加料器分别加入ZNC-300型机械碾轧超微粉碎机,制得平均粒径大小为11.5微米的干香菇粉和鸡骨粉。其中超微粉碎条件为:加料速度为3-5kg/h,工作压力为0.3MPa,主机频率为44 Hz,风机频率为42 Hz。对于鸡架骨粉微粒再采用机械球磨法处理25小时将其制备成纳米骨粉。其中机械球磨工作参数为:球磨介质直径大小为5-12 mm,球磨介质与粉料比为16:1,球磨罐转速为450 r/min;最终获得纳米鸡骨粉颗粒大小为45nm–83nm。 (2) Ultrafine and nanoscale pulverization: add 100-mesh shiitake mushroom powder and bone powder to a ZNC-300 mechanical rolling ultrafine pulverizer through an electromagnetic feeder to obtain dried shiitake mushroom powder and chicken meat with an average particle size of 11.5 microns. bone meal. Among them, the superfine grinding conditions are as follows: the feeding speed is 3-5kg/h, the working pressure is 0.3MPa, the main machine frequency is 44 Hz, and the fan frequency is 42 Hz. The chicken frame bone powder particles were processed into nano bone powder by mechanical ball milling for 25 hours. The working parameters of mechanical ball milling are: the diameter of the ball milling medium is 5-12 mm, the ratio of ball milling medium to powder is 16:1, and the rotational speed of the ball milling tank is 450 r/min; the particle size of the final obtained nano-chicken bone powder is 45nm-83nm.
(3)超声波辅助热水浸提:称取一定量的经过超微粉碎的香菇粉,按照料液比1:30(g:mL)加入烧杯内热水中进行超声波辅助浸提。其中浸提的条件为:浸提温度60℃,浸提时间2 h,超声波频率40 KHz,超声波功率140 W,超声波脉冲50%。 (3) Ultrasonic-assisted hot water leaching: Weigh a certain amount of ultra-finely pulverized shiitake mushroom powder, and add it into hot water in a beaker at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g:mL) for ultrasonic-assisted leaching. The extraction conditions are: extraction temperature 60°C, extraction time 2 h, ultrasonic frequency 40 KHz, ultrasonic power 140 W, ultrasonic pulse 50%.
(4)生物酶解:将香菇浸提液pH调节为5,加入0.1% 风味蛋白酶(以干香菇重量计算)和0.4%纤维素酶(以干香菇重量计算),然后于55℃水浴锅中酶解1.5 h。 (4) Biological enzymatic hydrolysis: Adjust the pH of the mushroom extract to 5, add 0.1% flavor protease (calculated based on the weight of dried mushrooms) and 0.4% cellulase (calculated based on the weight of dried mushrooms), and then put it in a water bath at 55°C Enzymatic hydrolysis for 1.5 h.
(5)离心:将香菇浸提液放入离心机中,在转速为4000 g下离心20min,去除残渣,取香菇酶解液。 (5) Centrifugation: put the extract of shiitake mushrooms into a centrifuge, centrifuge at a speed of 4000 g for 20 minutes, remove the residue, and take the shiitake mushroom enzymatic hydrolysis solution.
(6)调味:按照配方,将事先制备好的纳米鸡骨粉颗粒按照1:10(纳米鸡骨粉重量:干香菇重量)的比例加入香菇酶解液中,然后将食盐、白砂糖、I+G以及肉粉按比例加入香菇酶解液中搅匀。其中食盐、白砂糖、I+G和肉粉添加量分别为香菇酶解液质量的3%、2%、0.5%和0.4%。此外,还需加入质量浓度为0.1%六偏磷酸钠以便纳米骨粉更好地分散在香菇酶解液中。 (6) Seasoning: According to the formula, add the prepared nano-chicken bone powder particles into the shiitake mushroom enzymolysis solution according to the ratio of 1:10 (weight of nano-chicken bone powder: weight of dried shiitake mushrooms), and then add salt, white sugar, I+G And the meat powder is added in proportion to the mushroom enzymatic solution and stirred evenly. The added amounts of salt, white sugar, I+G and meat powder were 3%, 2%, 0.5% and 0.4% of the mass of the mushroom enzymatic hydrolyzate, respectively. In addition, it is necessary to add sodium hexametaphosphate with a mass concentration of 0.1% so that the nano-bone meal can be better dispersed in the mushroom hydrolyzate.
(7)增稠:以羧甲基纤维素钠、藻酸丙二醇酯和黄原胶为增稠剂,其中羧甲基纤维素钠、藻酸丙二醇酯和黄原胶添加量分别为香菇酶解液的0.3%、 0.2%和0.09%。 (7) Thickening: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, propylene glycol alginate and xanthan gum are used as thickeners, and the amounts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, propylene glycol alginate and xanthan gum are respectively 0.3%, 0.2% and 0.09% of liquid. the
(8)装瓶、灭菌:将高钙香菇调味汁装入玻璃瓶中(每瓶净重200g),于真空蒸汽灌装机中封口,然后于121℃下,灭菌15 min。最终得到的产品钙含量为195mg/瓶。 (8) Bottling and sterilization: put the high-calcium mushroom sauce into glass bottles (each bottle has a net weight of 200g), seal it in a vacuum steam filling machine, and then sterilize it at 121°C for 15 minutes. The finally obtained product calcium content is 195mg/bottle.
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C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee | ||
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Address after: Lihu Avenue Binhu District 214122 Jiangsu city of Wuxi province Jiangnan University No. 1800 Patentee after: Jiangnan University Patentee after: Guangdong Jiahao Foodstuff Co., Ltd. Address before: Lihu Avenue Binhu District 214122 Jiangsu city of Wuxi province Jiangnan University No. 1800 Patentee before: Jiangnan University Patentee before: Guangdong Jiahao Food Co., Ltd. |