CN103188337B - Server, user equipment, method for selecting starting block address and method for determining block request number - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a server, user equipment, a method for selecting a starting block address and a method for determining the number of block requests. The server includes: a communication module for receiving a request packet from a user equipment; a buffer for storing a real-time media stream; and a processing unit, after the communication module receives the request packet, selecting an initial block address allocated to the user equipment for downloading the real-time media stream according to a latest real-time media stream block address, a preset reserved block number and a random block number of the buffer.

Description

Server, user equipment, method for selecting starting block address and method for determining number of block requests

technical field

The present invention relates to a data sharing method, including a method for selecting a starting block address and determining the number of block requests.

Background technique

Due to the development of network-related technologies, using peer-to-peer (P2P protocol) to download (download) various data from the network (such as the Internet (Internet)), such as MP3 or shared resources, etc., has become a network-related An important application of technology. Traditionally, in the way of downloading data from the network, the user usually uses a server (server) or a computer device to connect to the network, and then issues a search condition. The server or computer device will search according to the set search conditions through the peer-to-peer network protocol, and display the search results on the display for the user to confirm the download command. After the user issues the download command, the downloading work will be performed, and the downloaded data will be stored in the server or personal computer used by the user.

When using the P2P network to download the real-time media stream, the traditional technology also needs to exchange or obtain a buffer bit-map. However, it is very inefficient to download real-time media streams in a P2P network environment by using a temporary mapping table. Because it is a real-time media stream, the relay station needs to constantly delete the old real-time media stream in the buffer to add a new real-time media stream. Therefore, the temporary storage mapping table is constantly changing. When the user equipment has obtained the temporary mapping table at this time, the temporary mapping table will be changed at a next time, so the user equipment needs to continuously obtain the temporary mapping table. Constantly updating not only easily causes network congestion but also makes downloading inefficient. Therefore urgently need a method to solve the above problems.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new method to increase the block sharing rate of peer-to-peer (P2P), and to make the endpoints (including user equipment, server (or relay station)) that transmit real-time audio and video streaming do not need to know in advance Or update the data content owned by each other, but can obtain the latest audio-visual data, so as to get rid of the practice of wasting network bandwidth by frequently exchanging and transmitting buffer bit-maps in most methods.

The present invention provides a server, including: a communication module, receiving a request packet from a user equipment; a buffer, storing a real-time media stream; and a processing unit, after the communication module receives the request packet, according to the buffer A latest real-time media stream block address, a preset reserved block number and a random block number are selected to configure a starting block address for downloading the real-time media stream for the user equipment.

The present invention provides a kind of user equipment, suitable for peer-to-peer (P2P) network architecture, including: a communication module, receiving a starting block address packet from a server; and a processing unit, when the communication module receives the starting block address packet After the block address is packaged, according to a first preset block request number and a starting block address, request to download blocks from other user equipment connected to the P2P network, and according to the first preset block request number and a The number of blocks that failed to download is selected from a second preset block request number; wherein the initial block address is obtained by decoding the initial block address packet through the communication module.

The present invention provides a method for selecting a starting block address, including: storing a real-time media stream; receiving a request packet from a user equipment; and according to a latest real-time media stream block address, a preset reserved The block number and a random block number select a starting block address allocated to the user equipment for downloading the real-time media stream.

The present invention provides a method for determining the number of block requests, which is applicable to a peer-to-peer (P2P) network architecture, comprising: receiving a packet of an initial block address from a server; and according to a first preset number of block requests and A starting block address requests other user equipment connected to the P2P network to download blocks, and selects a second preset block request number according to the first preset block request number and a download failed block number; The starting block address is obtained by decoding the starting block address packet.

The system and method proposed in the above embodiments can increase the sharing rate of blocks among user equipments and reduce and balance the load of relay stations under the P2P network architecture. Endpoints (including user equipment, server (or relay station)) do not need to exchange or obtain each other's buffer bit-map. In addition, unnecessary block requests can be reduced, and the operating cost of P2P can be effectively reduced. It can also achieve the ideal P2P performance through self-adjustment and rapid convergence of the number of block requests.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment;

Figure 2 shows a method for selecting a starting block address according to an embodiment;

Figure 3 shows a method for determining the number of block requests according to an embodiment;

Figure 4 shows a data sharing method according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a data sharing method according to an embodiment.

[Description of main component symbols]

100～communication system;

102～P2P network;

104～relay station;

106～source of real-time media streaming;

108～user equipment;

110, 116～processing unit;

112, 118～communication module;

114, 120 ~ buffer;

n _relay , n _client ~buffer size;

s _latest ~ the latest real-time media streaming block address;

n _p ～preset number of reserved blocks;

n _r ～number of random blocks;

s _ini ~starting block address;

~The default number of block requests;

~Number of successfully downloaded blocks at time i;

~Number of blocks that failed to download at time i.

detailed description

In order to make the manufacture, operation method, objectives and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, several preferred embodiments are specifically cited below, together with the accompanying drawings, to be described in detail as follows. The protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined by the appended claims.

FIG. 1 shows a communication system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is used for selecting a starting block address and determining the number of block requests. The communication system 100 includes a peer-to-peer (P2P) network 102 , a relay station 104 , a real-time media stream source 106 and a user equipment 108 . For example, the relay station 104 can be a server installed in the Internet or an electronic device with the same function to process the real-time media stream from the real-time media stream source 106 . The relay station 104 includes a processing unit 110 , a communication module 112 and a buffer 114 . The processing unit 110 can be a single central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU) or a plurality of parallel processing units associated with a parallel processing environment (parallel processing environment), for executing operating systems, modules, application programs and selecting starting block addresses. The communication module 112 can be a network adapter card for receiving real-time media streams or packets from the real-time media stream source 106 and the user equipment 108 . The buffer 114 is used for storing the real-time media stream from the real-time media stream source 106 . For example, the real-time media stream can be a real-time news report, a real-time concert rebroadcast, a real-time press conference rebroadcast, etc. For example, the user equipment 108 can be a personal computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a handheld device, etc., which can be connected to the P2P network 102 . The user equipment 108 includes a processing unit 116 , a communication module 118 and a buffer 120 . The processing unit 116 can be a single central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU) or a plurality of parallel processing units associated with a parallel processing environment (parallel processing environment), for executing operating systems, modules, application programs and determining the number of block requests. The communication module 118 can be a network adapter card for receiving real-time media streams or packets from the relay station 104 and/or other user equipment 108 . The buffer 120 is used to store real-time media streams from other UEs 108 and/or relay stations 104 .

The real-time media stream source 106 is used to transmit the real-time media stream to the relay station 104 . The buffer 114 is used for storing the received real-time media stream. When the user equipment 108 wants to obtain the real-time media stream from the real-time media stream source 106, the user equipment 108 first sends a request packet P _request to the communication module 112 of the relay station 104 to request to download the starting block address of the real-time media stream . When the communication module 112 receives the request packet P _request from the user equipment 108, the processing unit 110 of the relay station 104 selects a starting block address for downloading the real-time media stream for the user equipment 108 according to the request packet P _request .

FIG. 2 is a mechanism for selecting a starting block address according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 shows the buffer size n _relay of the buffer 114 of the relay station 104, the latest real-time media stream block address s _latest in the buffer 114, the preset reserved block number n _p , and the random block number n _r and the selected starting block address s _ini . For example, the buffer 114 stores the real-time media stream from the real-time media stream source 106 in units of blocks. When the communication module 112 receives the request packet P _request from the user equipment 108, the processing unit 110 performs the operation of selecting the starting block address, as shown in the following formula:

Initial block address s _ini = the latest real-time media stream block address s _latest - (preset reserved block number n _p + random block number n _r ), wherein the preset reserved block number n _p is the same as the random area The sum of the number n _r of blocks must be smaller than the buffer size n _relay of the relay station 104 . In other words, the sum of the size of the default reserved block and the size of the random block must be smaller than the buffer size n _relay of the relay station 104 .

In this embodiment, the preset reserved block number n _p is used to prevent the starting block address obtained by the user equipment 108 from being too close to the latest real-time media streaming block address s _latest . For example, when the preset reserved block number n _p is larger, the obtained starting block address is farther away from the latest real-time media streaming block address s _latest . On the contrary, when the preset reserved block number n _p is smaller, the obtained starting block address is closer to the latest real-time media streaming block address s _latest . When the user equipment 108 receives too close to the latest real-time media stream block address s _latest , the user equipment 108 may not be able to obtain the desired real-time media stream block from other user equipment 108 connected to the P2P network 102, so It will directly request the relay station 104 to download the desired real-time media stream. If the starting block addresses obtained by a large number of user equipment 108 are too close to the latest real-time media streaming block address s _latest , these user equipment 108 will request the relay station 104 to download the desired real-time media streaming area piece. In this case, the relay station 104 is likely to be overloaded and cause network congestion. Therefore, in this embodiment, the preset reserved block number n _p is used to avoid the aforementioned problems.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the random block number n _r is used to enable different user equipments 108 to obtain different starting block addresses. Because the present invention is established in the P2P sharing environment, when different user equipments 108 obtain different starting block addresses, the sharing rate of real-time media streams in the P2P network 102 can be improved. If different user equipments 108 have different real-time media streams, when a new user equipment 108 enters the P2P network 102, the new user equipment 108 can receive the starting block address selected by the processing unit 110 of the relay station 104 , obtain the real-time media stream to be downloaded by other user equipment 108 . Therefore, the P2P block sharing rate will increase.

After the processing unit 110 of the relay station 104 calculates the initial block address to be allocated to the user equipment 108 sending the request according to the mechanism for selecting the initial block address, the communication module 112 transmits an initial block address packet P _ini to the user equipment 108. For example, the initial block address packet P _ini includes the initial block address configured for the user equipment 108 to download the real-time media stream. After the communication module 118 of the user equipment 108 receives the initial block address packet P _ini transmitted from the communication module 112, the communication module 118 of the user equipment 108 decodes the initial area in the initial block address packet P _ini block address, and request to download the real-time media stream from other user equipment 108 through the network. The communication module 118 requests other user equipments 108 to download the real-time media stream according to a block request number mechanism and a starting block address.

FIG. 3 is a mechanism for determining the number of block requests according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 shows the number of block requests preset at time i The number of successfully downloaded blocks at time i Number of blocks that failed to download at time i The starting block address sini and the buffer size n _client of the buffer 120 of the UE 108 . The user equipment 108 downloads the real-time media stream in units of blocks. When the user equipment 108 requests other user equipment 108 to download the real-time media stream, the processing unit 116 calculates the number of blocks to be requested. When the user equipment 108 requests to download the real-time media stream for the first time, there will be a preset number of block requests When the number of blocks successfully downloaded this time is And the number of blocks that failed to download is , then the block request number target mechanism will calculate the next block request number, the formula is as follows:

in Indicates the number of block requests preset at the next time.

During the transmission of the network, the download of some requested blocks may fail due to problems such as congestion. Therefore, when a block download fails, the processing unit 116 reduces the number of block requests according to the above mechanism, so as to reduce unnecessary block requests. In order to reduce the cost of P2P operation. In one embodiment, when the user equipment 108 does not fail to download blocks within a preset time period, the processing unit 116 increments the number of block requests for the next block request.

FIG. 4 is an embodiment of a communication system according to the present invention. In FIG. 4 , the latest real-time media stream block address of the buffer 114 of the relay station 104 is 63, and the preset number of reserved blocks is 20. When the communication module 118 of the user equipment 108 transmits the request packet P _request to the relay station 104, the number of random blocks at this time is 11. The processing unit 110 of the relay station 104 learns that the starting block address allocated to the user equipment 108 is 32 through calculation 63−(11+20)=32. Then the communication module 112 transmits the initial block address packet Pini including the initial block address 32 to the user equipment 108 . Next, the communication module 118 of the user equipment 108 requests other user equipments 108 to download blocks according to a preset block request number 48 and a starting block address 32 . As shown in the figure, the number of blocks successfully downloaded by the user equipment 108 is 32, and the number of blocks downloaded by the user equipment 108 is 16. Therefore, after calculation by the processing unit 116 , it is known that the next preset number of block requests is 32. In this embodiment, when there is no block download failure after 2 minutes, the preset number of block requests will be incremented in the next request. In addition, in this embodiment, the number of block requests is smaller than the buffer size of the buffer 120 .

FIG. 5 is a data sharing method according to the present embodiment. The method includes the part of selecting the starting block address and the part of determining the number of block requests. In step S502, the relay station 104 receives a request packet P _request from the user equipment. In step S504, the relay station 104 uses s _ini =s _latest -(n _p +n _r ) to calculate the initial block address, where s _ini is the initial block address, s _latest is the latest real-time media stream block address, _np . is the number of reserved blocks by default and n _r is the number of random blocks. In step S506, the relay station 104 sends an initial block address packet P _ini to the user equipment that sent the request packet P _request , wherein the initial block address packet P _ini contains the start of the real-time media stream configured for the user equipment. start block address. In step S508, the UE receives the initial block address packet P _ini from the relay station 104 and decodes the initial block address. In step S510, request to download blocks from other user equipment connected to the P2P network according to a preset number of block requests and a starting block address. In step S512, the user equipment utilizes Set the next default number of block requests to be the number of successfully downloaded blocks this time, The number of block requests preset for the next time, The number of block requests preset for this time and is the number of blocks that failed to download. In step S514, when there is no block download failure after a preset time, the user equipment increments the preset block request number at the next block request, wherein the preset block request number is less than the user's The buffer size of the device. In step S516, the downloading of the real-time media stream ends.

The system and method proposed in the above embodiments can increase the sharing rate of blocks among user equipments and reduce and balance the load of relay stations under the P2P network architecture. There is no need to exchange or obtain a bufferbit-map. In addition, unnecessary block requests can be reduced, and the operating cost of P2P can be effectively reduced. It can also achieve the ideal P2P performance through self-adjustment and rapid convergence of the number of block requests.

The above paragraphs use various levels of description. Obviously, the teachings herein can be implemented in many ways, and any specific structure or function disclosed in the examples is only a representative situation. According to the teachings herein, anyone familiar with the art should understand that each aspect disclosed in this article can be implemented independently or two or more aspects can be implemented in combination. For example, a certain device or a certain method can be implemented or realized in any manner and number of levels mentioned above. Furthermore, the implementation of an apparatus or the realization of a method may have any other architecture, or functionality, or architecture and functionality that is additional to or different from one or more aspects discussed above.

Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with the embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with this art can make some changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention The scope of protection should be based on the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims (18)

1. a server, is characterized in that, comprising:

One communication module, receives the Request Packet from a subscriber equipment;

One buffer, stores a real-time media crossfire; And

One processing unit, receives after described request package in described communication module, according to one of described buffer up-to-date realityTime media stream block address, default number of blocks and the random number of blocks of retaining, choose and configure to described subscriber equipmentAn initial block address of the described real-time media crossfire of download.

2. server according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described processing unit is according to s_ini＝s_latest–(n_p+n_r) choose described sintering block address, s_iniFor described sintering block address, s_latestFor described up-to-date real-time media crossfire districtBlock address, n_pFor described default reservation number of blocks and n_rFor described random number of blocks.

3. server according to claim 1, is characterized in that, chooses described sintering block address in described processing unitAfterwards, the initial block address package that described communication module transmission contains described sintering block address is to described subscriber equipment.

4. server according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described default reservation number of blocks and described random blockNumber sum must be less than described buffer sizes.

5. a subscriber equipment, is characterized in that, is applicable to, in a point to point network framework, comprising:

One communication module, receives the initial block address package from a server; And

One processing unit, receives after the block address package of described sintering in described communication module, according to one first default blockRequest number and an initial block address, carry out download area to other user equipment requests that links to described point to point networkPiece, and choose one second default block request according to the number of blocks of the described first default block number of request order and a failed downloadNumber;

Wherein said sintering block address is to obtain by sintering block address package described in described communication module decoding.

6. subscriber equipment according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described processing unit is basisChoose the described second default block number of request order,For the described second default block number of requestOrder,For the described first default block number of request order, andFor the number of blocks of described failed download.

7. subscriber equipment according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the number of blocks of described failed download is described communicationThe number of blocks that module is carried the failed download after block now according to the described first default block number of request.

8. subscriber equipment according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the described second default block number of request order equalsCarry successful number of blocks.

9. subscriber equipment according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the successful number of blocks of described download is described communicationModule is carried the successful number of blocks of download after block now according to the described first default block number of request.

10. a method of choosing sintering block address, is characterized in that, comprising:

Receive the Request Packet from a subscriber equipment;

Store a real-time media crossfire by a buffer; And

According to up-to-date real-time media crossfire block address, default number of blocks and the random number of blocks of retaining, chooseConfiguration is to an initial block address of the described real-time media crossfire of download of described subscriber equipment.

11. methods of choosing sintering block address according to claim 10, is characterized in that, choose described initial blockAddress is by s_ini＝s_latest–(n_p+n_r) institute determine, s_iniFor described sintering block address, s_latestFor described up-to-date real-time matchmakerBody crossfire block address, n_pFor described default reservation number of blocks, and n_rFor described random number of blocks.

12. methods of choosing sintering block address according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described in being also included in and choosingAfter the block address of sintering, transmit an initial block address package that contains described sintering block address to described subscriber equipment.

13. methods of choosing sintering block address according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described default reservation blockNumber and described random number of blocks sum must be less than described buffer sizes.

14. 1 kinds determine block number of request object method, it is characterized in that, are applicable in a subscriber equipment and a point to point networkIn framework, comprising:

Receive the initial block address package from a server; And

According to one first default block number of request order and an initial block address to other use that links to described point to point networkFamily device request is downloaded block, and according to the number of blocks choosing of the described first default block number of request order and a failed downloadGet one second default block number of request order;

Wherein said sintering block address is to obtain by sintering block address package described in decoding.

15. decision block number of request object methods according to claim 14, is characterized in that, choose described second and presetBlock request number be byInstitute obtains,For the described second default block number of request order,For the described first default block number of request order, andFor the number of blocks of described failed download.

16. decision block number of request object methods according to claim 14, is characterized in that the district of described failed downloadPiece number is the block counts that described subscriber equipment carries the failed download after block now according to the described first default block number of requestOrder.

17. decision block number of request object methods according to claim 14, is characterized in that, the described second default blockRequest number equals the successful number of blocks of a download.

18. decision block number of request object methods according to claim 17, is characterized in that the successful district of described downloadPiece number is that described subscriber equipment carries the successful block counts of download after block now according to the described first default block number of requestOrder.