CN103185862A - Method and device for diagnosis of direct current motor breakdown in automobile starter - Google Patents
Method and device for diagnosis of direct current motor breakdown in automobile starter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to automotive electronic technology, in particular to a method and a device for diagnosis of a direct current motor breakdown in an automobile starter. The method for the diagnosis of the direct current motor breakdown in the automobile starter includes the following steps: an armature current signal of a direct current motor is collected, wherein the sampling frequency is synchronous with the rotating speed of the direct current motor; the collected armature current signal transforms from a time domain to a frequency domain by virtue of fast fourier transformation; and according to a characteristic spectral line of the armature current signal in the frequency domain, whether the direct current motor breaks down and what the breakdown type is are judged. According to the embodiment of the method and the device for the diagnosis of the direct current motor breakdown in the automobile starter, the sampling frequency of the armature current signal is synchronous with the rotating speed of the direct current motor, and therefore fuzzification of frequency spectrum characteristics is eliminated, and fault diagnosis through frequency spectrum analysis is enabled to be possible. In addition, due to the fact that ripple wave components contained by the armature current signal can reflect various information of running states of the direct current motor, the breakdown type can be positioned rapidly and accurately.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automotive electronic technology, particularly direct current generator fault Diagnosis Method and the device in the automobile starter.
Background technology
In automobile, the starting of engine needs external force to help, and is specifically designed to the starter of starting engine automobile setting for this reason.Starter generally comprises three parts: direct current generator, and it extracts electric energy and makes the driven wheel of starter produce mechanical motion from accumulator; Gear train, it engages into flywheel ring gear with driven wheel, can throw off automatically after engine start simultaneously; And electromagnetic switch, for the break-make of control starter circuit capable.
Direct current generator is the critical piece of automobile starter, and it comprises armature, commutator, magnetic pole of the stator, brush, bearing and shell etc.Shell protection motor is avoided external action, and portion is equipped with magnetic pole of the stator within it.The rotating part of motor is also referred to as armature, and it is made up of iron core, winding, commutator and armature shaft.Unshakable in one's determination be fitted in lamination on the armature shaft, insulated from each other and formed by many, they also are magnetic conductors.Offer groove at the lamination outside surface, lay copper cash in the groove.Copper cash interconnects the composition winding according to certain winding circle, and welds together with the commutator segment of commutator, to form armature winding.To armature supply, carbon brush slides at commutator by carbon brush, can give each commutator segment power supply, make electric current always flow into winding at the N of the corresponding excitation utmost point in one direction, flows out from the winding of the S utmost point of corresponding excitation.
Various faults be very easy to appear in the working condition more complicated of starter, and for example open circuit in the winding part, brush wear, commutator partial short-circuit etc., thus the normal operation of influence, even the situation that causes automobile to start.Therefore, the effective ways that need detect and diagnose the fault of the direct current generator in the automobile starter.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the direct current generator fault Diagnosis Method in a kind of automobile starter, it can find fault accurately and timely.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical proposal:
Direct current generator fault Diagnosis Method in a kind of automobile starter comprises the following steps:
Gather the armature current signal of described direct current generator, wherein, the synchronization of sample frequency and described direct current generator;
By fast fourier transform the armature current signal of gathering is transformed to frequency field from time domain;
Judge at the characteristic spectral line of frequency field whether it breaks down and the type of fault according to described armature current signal.
Preferably, in above-mentioned diagnostic method, judge whether to break down and the type of fault according to following manner:
Described frequency field is divided into the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in a plurality of scopes and definite each described scope;
The half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line of described armature current signal in each described scope and failure determination threshold table compared to determine whether to break down and the type of fault.
Preferably, in above-mentioned diagnostic method, will be corresponding to the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line of the ripple frequency of described armature current signal as reference value and thus the half-peak breadth of further feature spectral line is defined as relative value with respect to reference value.
Preferably, in above-mentioned diagnostic method, described fault type comprises that direct current generator coil short, the element of winding and commutator segment snap, adjacent conductor short circuit and rotor eccentricity.
Preferably, in above-mentioned diagnostic method, gather the armature current signal of described direct current generator according to following manner:
With a fixing speed described armature current signal is carried out analog to digital conversion to obtain digital signal streams; And
From described digital signal streams, select sample to guarantee the synchronization of described sample frequency and described direct current generator according to the rotating speed of described direct current generator.
Of the present invention also have a purpose to provide a kind of device for the direct current generator fault of diagnosing automobile starter, and it can find fault accurately and timely.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical proposal:
A kind of device for the direct current generator fault of diagnosing automobile starter comprises:
Rotation speed detection unit is for detection of the rotating speed of described direct current generator;
With the signal gathering unit of described rotation speed detection unit coupling, be used for according to gathering the armature current signal of described direct current generator with the sample frequency of the synchronization of described direct current generator;
With the fast Fourier transform unit of described signal gathering unit coupling, be used for by fast fourier transform the armature current signal of gathering being transformed to frequency field from time domain;
Judge and taxon with the fault of described fast Fourier transform unit coupling, be used for judging at the characteristic spectral line of frequency field whether it breaks down and the type of fault according to described armature current signal.
Preferably, in said apparatus, described rotation speed detection unit utilization is installed near the grating encoder of rotating shaft of described direct current generator and realizes.
Preferably, in said apparatus, described signal gathering unit comprise sensing element, with the A/D converter of described sensing element coupling and with the synchronizer of described A/D converter coupling, wherein, described A/D converter carries out analog to digital conversion to obtain digital signal streams with a fixing speed to described armature current signal, and described synchronizer selects to export to the sample of described fast Fourier transform unit to guarantee the synchronization of described sample frequency and described direct current generator according to the rotating speed of described direct current generator from described digital signal streams.
Preferably, in said apparatus, described fault is judged and taxon judges whether to break down according to following manner and the type of fault:
Described frequency field is divided into the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in a plurality of scopes and definite each described scope;
The half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line of described armature current signal in each described scope and failure determination threshold table compared to determine whether to break down and the type of fault.
Preferably, in said apparatus, described fault is judged and taxon will also be defined as the half-peak breadth of further feature spectral line relative value with respect to reference value as reference value thus corresponding to the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line of the ripple frequency of described armature current signal.
Preferably, in said apparatus, described fault type comprises that direct current generator coil short, the element of winding and commutator segment snap, adjacent conductor short circuit and rotor eccentricity.
According to embodiments of the invention, the sample frequency of armature current signal and the synchronization of direct current generator, thus eliminated the ambiguity of spectrum signature, this makes that carrying out fault diagnosis by spectrum analysis becomes possibility.In addition, because the ripple component that comprises of armature current signal can reflect the multiple information of direct current generator running status, therefore fault location type quickly and accurately.Moreover, in an embodiment of the present invention, according to the half-peak breadth failure judgement type of characteristic spectral line, to compare with the mode based on amplitude, this has improved the accuracy rate of Fault Identification.
From following detailed description by reference to the accompanying drawings, will make above and other objects of the present invention and advantage clear more fully.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram according to the direct current generator fault Diagnosis Method in the automobile starter of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 a and 2b show the canonical schema of the current signal of direct current generator when uniform rotation in the automobile starter, and wherein Fig. 2 a is oscillogram, and Fig. 2 b is spectrogram.
Fig. 3 a and 3b show the canonical schema of the current signal of direct current generator when non-uniform rotation in the automobile starter, and wherein Fig. 3 a is oscillogram, and Fig. 3 b is spectrogram.
Fig. 4 a and 4b show direct current generator in the automobile starter when non-uniform rotation with the canonical schema of sample frequency-current signal that the synchronization mode obtains, wherein Fig. 4 a is oscillogram, Fig. 4 b is spectrogram.
Fig. 5 is the schematic representation of apparatus according to the direct current generator fault that is used for the diagnosis automobile starter of another embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by being described with reference to the drawings, embodiment sets forth the present invention.But it will be appreciated that these embodiments only are exemplary, there is no restriction for spirit of the present invention and protection domain.
In this manual, " coupling " word should be understood to be included in the situation that directly transmits energy or signal between two unit, perhaps transmit the situation of energy or signal indirectly through one or more Unit the 3rd, and alleged signal includes but not limited to the signal that the form with electricity, light and magnetic exists here.In addition, " comprise " and the term of " comprising " and so on represent except have in instructions and claims, have directly and the unit and step of clearly statement, technical scheme of the present invention is not got rid of yet and is had not by directly or other unit of clearly explaining and the situation of step.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram according to the direct current generator fault Diagnosis Method in the automobile starter of one embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, in step 110, the armature supply of the direct current generator in the measured automobiles starter.In actual applications, the armature current signal that records can be to utilize A/D converter, the series of measured values that obtains of sampling and measured value is converted to digital value at a certain time interval, thus obtain digital signal streams.The measurement of electric current can be adopted multiple mode, and for example based on the branch platen press of resistor with based on the hall measurement method of magnetic field effect, these methods all can be applicable to here.In addition, these measured values can export data processing equipment (for example microprocessor) to by A/D converter in real time, also can be buffered in the cache memory earlier and export data processing equipment in bulk to.
Fig. 2 a shows typical direct current generator current waveform figure.
Referring to Fig. 2 a, when the motor uniform rotation, current waveform is not straight line, but the curve of cyclical fluctuations around the baseline fluctuation, is equivalent in the DC component AC compounent (this AC compounent is also referred to as ripple component) that superposeed.This fluctuation mainly is that the following architectural feature by direct current generator determines that namely, the commutator segment of engine commutator is with certain being spaced, and brush contacts successively with each commutator segment when rotating, thereby forms a series of little spike.Suppose that number of segment is k, then there is following relationship in current ripples frequency f (also being the frequency that spike occurs) with motor speed n:
Fig. 2 b shows the spectrogram of current signal shown in Figure 1, and it can obtain by fast Fourier analysis.By Fig. 2 b as seen, with ripple frequency f place tangible spike is appearring.
But at the automobile starter duration of work, direct current generator usually is in non-uniform rotation state.Fig. 3 a and 3b show current waveform figure and the spectrogram of direct current generator when non-uniform rotation in the automobile starter respectively.Shown in Fig. 3 a, this moment, ripple frequency was time dependent, and therefore the spectral line in Fig. 3 b is the continually varying curve, and this will cause ambiguity and the uncertainty of spectrum signature.
For this reason, in an embodiment of the present invention, the sample frequency by making current signal and the synchronization of direct current generator solve this problem.Particularly, in step 120, obtain the tach signal of direct current generator.The rotating speed of direct current generator for example can obtain by near the grating encoder that is installed in the dc motor shaft.
Subsequently, in step 130, from the digital signal streams of A/D converter output, pick out equal angles current signal sample at interval according to tach signal, namely, be equivalent to carry out the primary current signals sampling when direct current generator revolution is crossed an identical angle, thus make the data sample that carries out fast fourier transform be equal angles at interval rather than constant duration.
Particularly, in the present embodiment, there is following relationship in the angle W that the rotation speed n of direct current generator and rotating shaft turn over:
（2）
Here T is the required time interval of rotational angle W, because rotation speed n (t) is time dependent, therefore when W constant (equal angles interval), T also changes.Therefore in order to keep the equal angles interval sampling, need from the digital signal streams of A/D converter output, select different current signal sample of the time interval according to the T that changes.
Fig. 4 a and 4b show direct current generator in the automobile starter when non-uniform rotation with the canonical schema of sample frequency-current signal that the synchronization mode obtains, wherein Fig. 4 a is oscillogram, Fig. 4 b is spectrogram.The difference of Fig. 4 a and Fig. 3 a is that transverse axis is the angle that dc motor shaft turns over.
It is to be noted, in step 130, though be synchronous by from the digital signal streams of A/D converter output, selecting different current signal sample realization sample frequency and dc motor speed of the time interval, also can realize the synchronous of sample frequency and dc motor speed by the sampling rate of directly adjusting A/D converter according to dc motor speed.
Then enter step 140, the current signal sample of selecting back formation is implemented fast fourier transform, thereby the current signal sample is transformed to frequency field from time domain.As mentioned above, after sample frequency and synchronization, on spectrogram, will present one or more discrete spectral line.The feature of these spectral lines (for example position, half-peak breadth and amplitude etc.) can be used to judge whether direct current generator breaks down and fault type.
The present inventor finds through further investigation back, and the variation of spectral line half-peak breadth is very responsive and also have unique separately " fingerprint " for dissimilar faults to fault.Therefore in step 150, utilize spectrogram to determine the half-peak breadth of each bar characteristic spectral line.Particularly, according to present embodiment, the frequency field of spectrogram is divided into a plurality of scopes and determines the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in each scope.In the present embodiment, in order to eliminate measuring error, determined is not to be the absolute value of the half-peak breadth of each bar characteristic spectral line, but is the relative value of reference value with certain numerical value.Preferably, can with corresponding to the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line of the ripple frequency of armature current signal as reference value, namely obtain the relative value with respect to reference value after the half-peak breadth of further feature spectral line and this reference value are divided by.Table 1 exemplarily shows the half-peak breadth relative value of the characteristic spectral line of direct current generator in each frequency range, in frequency range one hurdle of table 1, the outer label of bracket is represented frequency spectrum designation, digitized representation frequency range in the bracket, cps is Hz, and the half-peak breadth relative value of characteristic spectral line is its half-peak breadth and the ratio of the characteristic spectral line half-peak breadth of F5 frequency range in each frequency range.
Table 1
| Frequency range | F1(4-6) | F2(7-14) | F3(15-20) | F4(21-28) | F5(29-35) | F5(>=36) |
| The half-peak breadth relative value | 0.601 | 6.25 | 2.85 | 4.32 | 1.00 | 0.315 |
Enter step 160 subsequently, judge according to the half-peak breadth relative value of each bar characteristic spectral line of determining whether direct current generator breaks down and the type of fault.In the present embodiment, " fingerprint " that can set up characteristic spectral line under all kinds fault in advance is with as basis for estimation.Table 2 is fault judgment threshold table, and it has listed " fingerprint " of all kinds faults with form.
Table 2
In frequency range one hurdle of table 2, the outer label of bracket is represented frequency spectrum designation, the digitized representation frequency range in the bracket, and cps is Hz; In the fault type hurdle, 0 representative normal (also being non-fault), digital 1-4 represents respectively that direct current generator coil short, the element of winding and commutator segment snap, adjacent conductor short circuit and rotor eccentricity fault; The threshold value hurdle is illustrated in the threshold value of the half-peak breadth of characteristic spectral line in each frequency range.Be example with the half-peak breadth relative value shown in the table 1, can determine that by look-up table 2 fault type is 3, namely the fault of adjacent conductor short circuit appears in direct current generator.
It is worthy of note that above-mentioned table 1 and table 2 only are exemplary, at different direct current generators different fault types and corresponding " fingerprint " feature can be arranged.
Fig. 5 is the schematic representation of apparatus according to the direct current generator fault that is used for the diagnosis automobile starter of another embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 5, the device 50 of the direct current generator fault that is used for the diagnosis automobile starter of present embodiment comprises rotation speed detection unit 510, signal gathering unit 520, fast Fourier transform unit 530 and fault judgement and taxon 540.
Rotation speed detection unit 510 is for detection of the rotating speed of direct current generator G, and it can utilize near the grating encoder the rotating shaft that is installed in direct current generator G to realize.
Fast Fourier transform unit 530 receives the current signal sample of sample frequency and the synchronization of direct current generator G from synchronizer 524, and these samples are carried out fast fourier transform, thereby the armature current signal of collection is transformed to frequency field from time domain.
Fault is judged and taxon 540 and fast Fourier transform unit 530 couplings, it is for example according to the mode described in the top embodiment that describes by Fig. 1, judges whether to break down and the type of fault at the characteristic spectral line of frequency field according to armature current signal.Particularly, fault is judged and taxon 540 is at first determined the relative value (for example half-peak breadth of characteristic spectral line and ratio corresponding to the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line of the ripple frequency of armature current signal) of the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line that each scope of frequency field is interior.Judge whether to break down according to " fingerprint " of characteristic spectral line under all kinds fault of setting up in advance subsequently and the type of fault.
It is worthy of note that in the present embodiment, synchronizer 524, fast Fourier transform unit 530 and fault are judged and taxon 540 can utilize hardware circuit to realize, also can realize by the software that operates in the general processor.
Because can be under the spirit that does not deviate from essential characteristic of the present invention, implement the present invention with various forms, therefore present embodiment is illustrative and not restrictive, because scope of the present invention is defined by claims, rather than defined by instructions, therefore fall into the border of claim and all changes in the boundary, or the equivalent of this claim border and boundary thereby forgiven by claim.
Claims (11)
1. the direct current generator fault Diagnosis Method in the automobile starter is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Gather the armature current signal of described direct current generator, wherein, the synchronization of sample frequency and described direct current generator;
By fast fourier transform the armature current signal of gathering is transformed to frequency field from time domain;
Judge at the characteristic spectral line of frequency field whether it breaks down and the type of fault according to described armature current signal.
2. diagnostic method as claimed in claim 1 wherein, judges whether to break down and the type of fault according to following manner:
Described frequency field is divided into the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in a plurality of scopes and definite each described scope;
The half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line of described armature current signal in each described scope and failure determination threshold table compared to determine whether to break down and the type of fault.
3. diagnostic method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, will be corresponding to the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line of the ripple frequency of described armature current signal as reference value and thus the half-peak breadth of further feature spectral line is defined as relative value with respect to reference value.
4. diagnostic method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described fault type comprises that direct current generator coil short, the element of winding and commutator segment snap, adjacent conductor short circuit and rotor eccentricity.
5. diagnostic method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, gather the armature current signal of described direct current generator according to following manner:
With a fixing speed described armature current signal is carried out analog to digital conversion to obtain digital signal streams; And
From described digital signal streams, select sample to guarantee the synchronization of described sample frequency and described direct current generator according to the rotating speed of described direct current generator.
6. a device that is used for the direct current generator fault of diagnosis automobile starter is characterized in that, comprising:
Rotation speed detection unit is for detection of the rotating speed of described direct current generator;
With the signal gathering unit of described rotation speed detection unit coupling, be used for according to gathering the armature current signal of described direct current generator with the sample frequency of the synchronization of described direct current generator;
With the fast Fourier transform unit of described signal gathering unit coupling, be used for by fast fourier transform the armature current signal of gathering being transformed to frequency field from time domain;
Judge and taxon with the fault of described fast Fourier transform unit coupling, be used for judging at the characteristic spectral line of frequency field whether it breaks down and the type of fault according to described armature current signal.
7. device as claimed in claim 6, wherein, near the grating encoder that described rotation speed detection unit utilization is installed in the rotating shaft of described direct current generator is realized.
8. device as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described signal gathering unit comprise sensing element, with the A/D converter of described sensing element coupling and with the synchronizer of described A/D converter coupling, wherein, described A/D converter carries out analog to digital conversion to obtain digital signal streams with a fixing speed to described armature current signal, and described synchronizer selects to export to the sample of described fast Fourier transform unit to guarantee the synchronization of described sample frequency and described direct current generator according to the rotating speed of described direct current generator from described digital signal streams.
9. device as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described fault is judged and taxon judges whether to break down according to following manner and the type of fault:
Described frequency field is divided into the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line in a plurality of scopes and definite each described scope;
The half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line of described armature current signal in each described scope and failure determination threshold table compared to determine whether to break down and the type of fault.
10. device as claimed in claim 9, wherein, described fault is judged and taxon will also be defined as the half-peak breadth of further feature spectral line relative value with respect to reference value as reference value thus corresponding to the half-peak breadth of the characteristic spectral line of the ripple frequency of described armature current signal.
11. device as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described fault type comprises that direct current generator coil short, the element of winding and commutator segment snap, adjacent conductor short circuit and rotor eccentricity.
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Cited By (12)
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