CN103185414A - Method and device utilizing low-grade waste heat - Google Patents
Method and device utilizing low-grade waste heat Download PDFInfo
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- CN103185414A CN103185414A CN2011104601687A CN201110460168A CN103185414A CN 103185414 A CN103185414 A CN 103185414A CN 2011104601687 A CN2011104601687 A CN 2011104601687A CN 201110460168 A CN201110460168 A CN 201110460168A CN 103185414 A CN103185414 A CN 103185414A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title abstract description 31
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/274—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
- Y02B30/625—Absorption based systems combined with heat or power generation [CHP], e.g. trigeneration
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Abstract
本发明提供利用低品位余热的方法,包括:将吸收式直燃机排出的烟气引入烟气换热器中进行显热回收;将回收显热后的烟气引入烟气冷凝式换热器中对回收显热后的烟气进行潜热回收;排放被回收潜热后烟气,吸收式直燃机在采暖季时在制冷季模式下运行,回收的显热置换到从吸收式直燃机的循环采暖水出口排出的热水中,回收的潜热置换到从吸收式直燃机的循环冷冻水出口排出的冷冻水中。还提供低品位余热利用装置,包括:吸收式直燃机;与循环采暖水入口连接的采暖水输入支路,与循环采暖水出口连接的采暖水输出支路;对从吸收式直燃机烟气出口排出的烟气进行显热回收的烟气换热器;对回收显热后的烟气进行潜热回收的烟气冷凝式换热器。本发明可提高直燃机热利用效率。
The invention provides a method for utilizing low-grade waste heat, which includes: introducing the flue gas discharged from the absorption direct-fired engine into a flue gas heat exchanger for sensible heat recovery; introducing the flue gas after sensible heat recovery into the flue gas condensing heat exchanger In the process, latent heat recovery is performed on the flue gas after recovery of sensible heat; the flue gas after recovery of latent heat is discharged, and the absorption direct combustion engine operates in the cooling season mode during the heating season, and the recovered sensible heat is replaced by the absorption direct combustion engine. The latent heat recovered from the hot water discharged from the circulating heating water outlet is replaced by the chilled water discharged from the circulating chilled water outlet of the absorption direct combustion engine. Low-grade waste heat utilization devices are also provided, including: absorption direct-fired engine; heating water input branch connected to the circulating heating water inlet, heating water output branch connected to the circulating heating water outlet; smoke from the absorption direct-fired machine A flue gas heat exchanger that recovers sensible heat from the flue gas discharged from the gas outlet; a flue gas condensing heat exchanger that recovers latent heat from the flue gas after recovering sensible heat. The invention can improve the heat utilization efficiency of the direct combustion engine.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及一种利用低品位余热的方法、以及低品位余热利用装置。The invention relates to a method for utilizing low-grade waste heat and a device for utilizing low-grade waste heat.
背景技术 Background technique
现有技术中吸收式直燃机余热回收方案主要分为两类,一类是通过在直燃机烟道上安装烟气换热器回收烟气显热,一类是通过在直燃机烟道上安装冷凝式换热器回收烟气的显热和部分潜热。对循环冷却水的余热回收,一般采用电驱式热泵来实现。In the prior art, the waste heat recovery scheme of absorption direct-fired engine is mainly divided into two categories, one is to recover flue gas sensible heat by installing a flue gas heat exchanger on the flue of the direct-fired engine, and the other is to recover the sensible heat of the flue gas through the flue A condensing heat exchanger is installed to recover the sensible heat and part of the latent heat of the flue gas. The waste heat recovery of circulating cooling water is generally realized by electric drive heat pump.
图1为目前常规的吸收式直燃机余热回收的工艺流程。目前常规吸收式直燃机系统在采暖季运行时开启制热模式,其形式非常类似于燃气锅炉,燃气205进入吸收式直燃机1燃烧后直接将热量传递给采暖水直燃机支路210,升温后形成采暖水干路211输出。对传统流程改进的流程常见为加装烟气换热器202,从采暖水干路208上分出采暖水烟气换热支路209进入烟气换热器202换热后直接返回采暖水干路211。调节阀203和204分别设置在209和210上,用来调节采暖水干路208的流量在采暖水烟气换热支路209和采暖水直燃机支路210的分配。由于采暖水干路208进入系统的温度较高,吸收式直燃机排烟206仅有显热可被置换出,余热回收能力有限。如果采暖水干路208的温度较低,则对烟气换热器202的要求较高,必须既能处理显热换热,又能处理潜热换热,经济性不佳。Figure 1 is the process flow of the current conventional absorption direct combustion engine waste heat recovery. At present, the conventional absorption direct-fired engine system turns on the heating mode during the heating season, and its form is very similar to a gas-fired boiler. The
现有技术方案存在两大技术缺陷,一是对直燃机烟气的余热回收未做到梯级利用,烟气的物理性质在气态段和冷凝段有着非常大的差异,一般直燃机的排烟温度在160℃以上,冷凝温度在80℃左右,如不区分为两类换热器梯级利用,则换热器的经济性会变得较差,换热面积较大;二是直燃机烟气热量与其额定热功率不匹配,采用制冷工况吸收余热时,即使算入烟气的潜热也仅能满足其额定功率的25%左右,其余冷量由于找不到对应余热源而自自浪费。There are two major technical defects in the existing technical solutions. One is that the waste heat recovery of the flue gas of the direct combustion engine has not been utilized in cascades. The physical properties of the flue gas are very different in the gaseous section and the condensation section. The smoke temperature is above 160°C, and the condensation temperature is around 80°C. If there is no distinction between two types of heat exchangers, the economy of the heat exchanger will become poor and the heat exchange area will be larger; the second is the direct combustion engine The heat of the flue gas does not match its rated thermal power. When using refrigeration to absorb waste heat, even if the latent heat of the flue gas is included, it can only meet about 25% of its rated power, and the rest of the cooling capacity is wasted because no corresponding waste heat source can be found .
发明内容 Contents of the invention
针对相关技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种利用低品位余热的方法、及低品位余热利用装置,以提高直燃机系统热利用效率。In view of the problems existing in the related technologies, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for utilizing low-grade waste heat and a device for utilizing low-grade waste heat, so as to improve the heat utilization efficiency of the direct combustion engine system.
为实现上述目的,一方面本发明提供了一种利用低品位余热的方法,包括:将吸收式直燃机排出的烟气,引入烟气换热器中并在其中对烟气进行显热回收;将回收显热后的烟气,引入烟气冷凝式换热器中并在其中对该回收显热后的烟气进行潜热回收;以及将被回收潜热后的烟气排放掉,其中,吸收式直燃机在采暖季时在制冷季模式下运行,所回收的显热被置换到从吸收式直燃机的循环采暖水出口排出的热水中,所回收的潜热被置换到从吸收式直燃机的循环冷冻水出口排出的冷冻水中。In order to achieve the above purpose, on the one hand, the present invention provides a method for utilizing low-grade waste heat, which includes: introducing the flue gas discharged from the absorption direct combustion engine into the flue gas heat exchanger and recovering the sensible heat of the flue gas therein ; Introduce the flue gas after recovering sensible heat into the flue gas condensing heat exchanger and perform latent heat recovery on the flue gas after recovering sensible heat; and discharge the flue gas after recovering latent heat, wherein, absorbing The direct-fired engine operates in the cooling season mode during the heating season, the recovered sensible heat is replaced by the hot water discharged from the circulating heating water outlet of the absorption direct-fired engine, and the recovered latent heat is replaced by the absorbed heat The chilled water discharged from the circulating chilled water outlet of the direct-fired engine.
优选地,本发明方法还包括:将从循环冷冻水出口排出的冷冻水,引入循环冷却水换热器中吸收其中冷却水所含热量;将吸收冷却水热量后的冷冻水、与吸收潜热后的冷冻水汇合后返回吸收式直燃机中进行放热,然后将放热后的冷冻水从循环冷冻水出口排出。Preferably, the method of the present invention also includes: introducing the chilled water discharged from the circulating chilled water outlet into the circulating cooling water heat exchanger to absorb the heat contained in the cooling water; After the chilled water is combined, it returns to the absorption direct combustion engine for heat release, and then the chilled water after heat release is discharged from the circulating chilled water outlet.
优选地,本发明方法还包括:将从循环冷冻水出口排出的冷冻水、与吸收潜热后的冷冻水汇合;将汇合后的冷冻水引入循环冷却水换热器中吸收其中冷却水所含热量;以及将吸收冷却水所含热量后的冷冻水返回吸收式直燃机中进行放热,然后将放热后的冷冻水从循环冷冻水出口排出。Preferably, the method of the present invention further includes: combining the chilled water discharged from the circulating chilled water outlet with the chilled water after absorbing latent heat; introducing the pooled chilled water into the circulating cooling water heat exchanger to absorb the heat contained in the cooling water ; and return the chilled water after absorbing the heat contained in the cooling water to the absorption direct-fired engine for heat release, and then discharge the chilled water after the heat release from the circulating chilled water outlet.
优选地,从吸收式直燃机排出的烟气温度在160℃以上,其冷凝温度为80℃。Preferably, the temperature of the flue gas discharged from the absorption direct-fired engine is above 160°C, and its condensation temperature is 80°C.
另一方面本发明还提供一种低品位余热利用装置,其包括:吸收式直燃机,具有循环采暖水出口、循环采暖水入口、循环冷冻水入口、循环冷冻水出口、烟气出口;与循环采暖水入口连接的采暖水输入支路,与循环采暖水出口连接的采暖水输出支路;对从烟气出口排出的烟气进行显热回收的烟气换热器,其具有第一和第二换热通道,其中第一换热通道的入口与烟气出口连通,第二换热通道的入口与采暖水输入支路连通,第二换热通道的出口与采暖水输出支路连通;对回收显热后的烟气进行潜热回收的烟气冷凝式换热器,其具有第三和第四换热通道,其中第三换热通道的入口与第一换热通道的出口连通,第四换热通道的入口与循环冷冻水出口连通,第四换热通道的出口与循环冷冻水入口连通。On the other hand, the present invention also provides a low-grade waste heat utilization device, which includes: an absorption direct combustion engine with a circulating heating water outlet, a circulating heating water inlet, a circulating chilled water inlet, a circulating chilled water outlet, and a flue gas outlet; and The heating water input branch connected to the circulating heating water inlet, the heating water output branch connected to the circulating heating water outlet; the flue gas heat exchanger for recovering sensible heat from the flue gas discharged from the flue gas outlet, which has the first and The second heat exchange channel, wherein the inlet of the first heat exchange channel communicates with the flue gas outlet, the inlet of the second heat exchange channel communicates with the heating water input branch, and the outlet of the second heat exchange channel communicates with the heating water output branch; The flue gas condensing heat exchanger for recovering latent heat from flue gas after recovering sensible heat has third and fourth heat exchange passages, wherein the inlet of the third heat exchange passage communicates with the outlet of the first heat exchange passage, and the second The inlets of the four heat exchange channels communicate with the circulating chilled water outlet, and the outlet of the fourth heat exchange channel communicates with the circulating chilled water inlet.
优选地,本发明装置还包括:循环冷却水换热器,其具有第五和第六换热通道,该第五换热通道的入口与循环冷冻水出口连通,该第五换热通道的出口与循环冷冻水入口连通;以及与第六换热通道的入口连通的冷却水输入支路、与第六换热通道出口连通的冷却水回流支路。Preferably, the device of the present invention further includes: a circulating cooling water heat exchanger, which has fifth and sixth heat exchange channels, the inlet of the fifth heat exchange channel communicates with the outlet of circulating chilled water, and the outlet of the fifth heat exchange channel communicated with the circulating chilled water inlet; and a cooling water input branch communicated with the inlet of the sixth heat exchange channel, and a cooling water return branch communicated with the outlet of the sixth heat exchange channel.
优选地,本发明装置还包括:跨线,其一端与烟气冷凝式换热器的第四换热通道的出口连通,其另一端与循环冷却水换热器的第五换热通道的入口连通;以及连接在跨线上的控制流经跨线的冷冻水流量的跨线阀。Preferably, the device of the present invention further includes: a jumper, one end of which communicates with the outlet of the fourth heat exchange channel of the flue gas condensing heat exchanger, and the other end of which communicates with the inlet of the fifth heat exchange channel of the circulating cooling water heat exchanger communication; and a crossover valve connected to the crossover to control the flow of chilled water through the crossover.
优选地,采暖水输入支路分为第一分支管路、第二分支管路,其中第一分支管路与循环采暖水入口连通,第二分支管路与烟气换热器的第二换热通道的入口连通。Preferably, the heating water input branch is divided into a first branch pipeline and a second branch pipeline, wherein the first branch pipeline communicates with the circulating heating water inlet, and the second branch pipeline communicates with the second heat exchanger of the flue gas heat exchanger. The inlet of the hot aisle is connected.
优选地,在第一分支管路上、在第二分支管路上,分别连接有一个流量调节阀。Preferably, a flow regulating valve is respectively connected to the first branch pipeline and the second branch pipeline.
优选地,在烟气冷凝式换热器的第三换热通道的出口处,连接有供被吸收潜热后的烟气排出的排气管。Preferably, at the outlet of the third heat exchange channel of the flue gas condensing heat exchanger, an exhaust pipe for exhausting the flue gas absorbed latent heat is connected.
本发明的有益技术效果在于:对吸收式直燃机在制冷模式下排出的烟气,采用烟气换热器进行显热回收,以及采用烟气冷凝式换热器对回收显热后的烟气进行潜热回收,这种采用烟气两段式换热方式分别回收烟气显热和潜热的方案,实现了对吸收式直燃机的低品位余热进行梯级回收。进一步,由于将用以与烟气换热的换热器分为显热和潜热两型换热器(即,所述的烟气换热器和所述的烟气冷凝式换热器)不仅可有效利用烟气余热,对换热器的设计、材质和流程控制的要求也相应降低,经济性较好。The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: for the flue gas discharged from the absorption direct combustion engine in the refrigeration mode, the flue gas heat exchanger is used to recover sensible heat, and the flue gas condensation heat exchanger is used to recover the flue gas after recovering sensible heat. The latent heat is recovered from the flue gas. This scheme of recovering the sensible heat and the latent heat of the flue gas separately by using the flue gas two-stage heat exchange method realizes the cascaded recovery of the low-grade waste heat of the absorption direct combustion engine. Further, because the heat exchanger used for exchanging heat with flue gas is divided into sensible heat and latent heat heat exchangers (ie, the flue gas heat exchanger and the flue gas condensing heat exchanger) not only The waste heat of the flue gas can be effectively used, and the requirements for the design, material and process control of the heat exchanger are correspondingly reduced, and the economy is better.
另外,本发明还引入辅助循环冷却水换热器,以将外循环冷却水中的热量作为附加热量送入吸收式直燃机的循环冷冻水中,这解决了现有技术中由于直燃机烟气热量与其额定热功率不匹配而造成的浪费,即解决现有技术中烟气余热不足以补偿直燃机额定制冷功率的问题。In addition, the present invention also introduces an auxiliary circulating cooling water heat exchanger to send the heat in the external circulating cooling water into the circulating chilled water of the absorption direct-fired engine as additional heat, which solves the problem in the prior art that the direct-fired engine flue gas The waste caused by the mismatch of heat and its rated thermal power is to solve the problem in the prior art that the waste heat of the flue gas is not enough to compensate the rated cooling power of the direct-fired engine.
由此,当吸收式直燃机在采暖季运行在制冷模式下时,本发明可以将烟气带走的热量全部回收,不仅如此,上述的外循环冷却水带来的废热还可为本发明提供近一半的热量,使之提升为可以直接应用的采暖热量,本发明的热效率可大幅提高。从而本发明明显提高了直燃机的余热利用能力和供热能力、并且使得对本发明装置的控制调节更为灵活。Thus, when the absorption direct-fired engine operates in the cooling mode in the heating season, the present invention can recover all the heat taken away by the flue gas. Not only that, the waste heat brought by the above-mentioned external circulation cooling water can also be used by the present invention Nearly half of the heat is provided to upgrade it to heating heat that can be directly applied, and the thermal efficiency of the invention can be greatly improved. Therefore, the present invention obviously improves the waste heat utilization capacity and heat supply capacity of the direct combustion engine, and makes the control and adjustment of the device of the present invention more flexible.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是现有技术中常规吸收式直燃机余热回收的工艺流程;Fig. 1 is the process flow of conventional absorption direct combustion engine waste heat recovery in the prior art;
图2是本发明低品位余热利用装置的实施例的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the low-grade waste heat utilization device of the present invention.
图2中:In Figure 2:
1 吸收式直燃机1 absorption direct combustion engine
2 循环冷却水换热器2 Circulating cooling water heat exchanger
3 烟气冷凝式换热器3 Flue gas condensing heat exchanger
4 烟气换热器4 flue gas heat exchanger
5 冷冻水支路循环冷却水换热器进口阀5 Inlet valve of chilled water branch circulating cooling water heat exchanger
6 冷冻水支路循环冷却水换热器出口阀6 Outlet valve of chilled water branch circulating cooling water heat exchanger
7 跨线阀7 Cross-line valve
8 冷冻水支路冷凝式换热器进口阀8 Inlet valve of chilled water branch condensing heat exchanger
9 冷冻水支路冷凝式换热器出口阀9 Outlet valve of chilled water branch condensing heat exchanger
10 采暖水烟气换热支路调节阀10 Heating water flue gas heat exchange branch regulating valve
11 采暖水直燃机支路调节阀11 Heating water direct combustion engine branch regulating valve
12 燃气12 gas
13 冷冻水直燃机出管路13 Chilled water direct combustion engine outlet pipe
14 冷冻水冷凝式换热器支路14 Chilled water condensing heat exchanger branch
15 冷冻水循环冷却水换热器阀前支路15 Branch before the valve of chilled water circulation cooling water heat exchanger
16 跨线16 across the line
17 冷冻水循环冷却水换热器阀后支路17 Branch after the valve of chilled water circulation cooling water heat exchanger
18 冷冻水冷凝式换热器后阀前支路18 Branch in front of the rear valve of the chilled water condensing heat exchanger
19 冷冻水冷凝式换热器后阀后支路19 Branch after the valve after the chilled water condensing heat exchanger
20 冷冻水循环冷却水换热器后支路20 Chilled water circulation cooling water heat exchanger rear branch
21 冷冻水直燃机进管路21 Chilled water direct-fired engine inlet pipe
22 冷却水输入支路22 Cooling water input branch
23 冷却水输出支路23 Cooling water output branch
24 直燃机烟气出管路24 Direct combustion engine flue gas outlet pipe
25 直燃机烟气显热换后出管路25 The flue gas of the direct-fired engine exits the pipeline after sensible heat exchange
26 烟气排气管26 flue gas exhaust pipe
27 采暖水输入支路27 Heating water input branch
28 第一分支管路28 The first branch pipeline
29 采暖水烟气换热支路29 Heating water flue gas heat exchange branch
30 采暖水输出支路30 Heating water output branch
31 采暖水出端。31 Heating water outlet.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下参见附图描述本发明的具体实施方式。Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
参见图2描述本发明的利用低品位余热的方法,其包括:将吸收式直燃机1排出的烟气,引入烟气换热器4中并在其中对烟气进行显热回收;将回收显热后的烟气,引入烟气冷凝式换热器3中并在其中对该回收显热后的烟气进行潜热回收;将被回收潜热后的烟气排放掉,其中,吸收式直燃机1在采暖季时在制冷季模式下运行,所回收的显热被置换到从吸收式直燃机1的循环采暖水出口排出的热水中,所回收的潜热被置换到从吸收式直燃机1的循环冷冻水出口排出的冷冻水中。Referring to Fig. 2, the method for utilizing low-grade waste heat of the present invention is described, which includes: introducing the flue gas discharged from the absorption
继续参见图2,本发明方法还包括:将从循环冷冻水出口104排出的冷冻水,引入循环冷却水换热器2中吸收其中冷却水所含热量;将吸收冷却水热量后的冷冻水、与吸收潜热后的冷冻水汇合后返回吸收式直燃机1中进行放热,然后将放热后的冷冻水从循环冷冻水出口104排出。作为一种可替换的方式,本发明方法还包括:将从循环冷冻水出口排出的冷冻水、与吸收潜热后的冷冻水汇合;将汇合后的冷冻水引入循环冷却水换热器2中吸收其中冷却水所含热量;将吸收冷却水所含热量后的冷冻水返回吸收式直燃机1中进行放热,然后将放热后的冷冻水从循环冷冻水出口104排出。优选地,本发明中从吸收式直燃机1排出的烟气温度在160℃以上,其冷凝温度为80℃。Continue referring to Fig. 2, the method of the present invention also includes: the chilled water discharged from the circulating
另一方面,本发明还提供一种低品位余热利用装置,其包括:吸收式直燃机1,具有循环采暖水出口102、循环采暖水入口101、循环冷冻水入口105、循环冷冻水出口104、烟气出口103;与循环采暖水入口101连接的采暖水输入支路27,与循环采暖水出口102连接的采暖水输出支路30;对从烟气出口排出的烟气进行显热回收的烟气换热器4;对回收显热后的烟气进行潜热回收的烟气冷凝式换热器3。其中烟气换热器4具有第一和第二换热通道,第一换热通道的入口与烟气出口103连通,第二换热通道的入口与采暖水输入支路27连通,第二换热通道的出口与采暖水输出支路30连通。烟气冷凝式换热器3具有第三和第四换热通道,第三换热通道的入口与第一换热通道的出口连通,第四换热通道的入口与循环冷冻水出口104连通,第四换热通道的出口与循环冷冻水入口105连通。在烟气冷凝式换热器3的第三换热通道的出口处,连接有供被吸收潜热后的烟气排出的排气管26。On the other hand, the present invention also provides a low-grade waste heat utilization device, which includes: an absorption
图2中示出:采暖水输入支路27分为第一分支管路28、第二分支管路,其中第一分支管路28与循环采暖水入口101连通,第二分支管路与烟气换热器4的第二换热通道的入口连通,并且在第一分支管路28上、在第二分支管路上分别连接有一个流量调节阀11、10。Shown in Fig. 2: the heating
进一步,图2中示出本发明装置还包括:循环冷却水换热器2、和冷却水输入支路22、冷却水输出支路23。循环冷却水换热器2具有第五和第六换热通道,第五换热通道的入口与循环冷冻水出口104连通,第五换热通道的出口与循环冷冻水入口105连通,冷却水输入支路22与第六换热通道的入口连通,冷却水输出支路23与第六换热通道出口连通。Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , the device of the present invention further includes: a circulating cooling
再进一步,图2中示出了跨线16、连接在跨线16上的跨线阀7,跨线阀7控制流经跨线16的冷冻水流量。跨线16的一端与烟气冷凝式换热器3的第四换热通道的出口连通,跨线16的另一端与循环冷却水换热器2的第五换热通道的入口连通。Furthermore, FIG. 2 shows a
以下参见图2,描述本发明装置的一个实施例的工作流程。Referring to Fig. 2, the workflow of an embodiment of the device of the present invention will be described.
吸收式直燃机1采暖季时按制冷季模式运行,燃气12进入吸收式直燃机1燃烧后生产冷冻水,冷冻水直燃机出管路13分成两路:冷冻水冷凝式换热器支路14、冷冻水循环冷却水换热器阀前支路15,冷冻水经支路14进入烟气冷凝式换热器3,其中支路14上设有进口阀8,冷冻水经支路15经进口阀5、支路17进入循环冷却水换热器2。来自支路14的冷冻水经过烟气冷凝式换热器3升温后,经支路18、出口阀9后进入冷冻水冷凝式换热器后阀后支路19;来自支路15的冷冻水经过循环冷却水换热器2升温后,经出口阀6进入冷冻水循环冷却水换热器后支路20,两者汇合后进入冷冻水直燃机进管路21,直接返回吸收式直燃机1,构成冷冻水循环闭路。The absorption direct-fired
从吸收式直燃机1中排出烟气,经直燃机烟气出管路24进入烟气换热器4,采暖水支路27用于输入从本发明装置以外来的采暖水,采暖水支路27分为第一分支管路28和第二分支管路,采暖水经第一分支管路28进入吸收式直燃机1,采暖水经烟气换热器4在与烟气换热器4换热后,经过采暖水烟气换热支路29直接返回采暖水输出支路30,与来自支路30的热水汇合后从采暖水出端31流出供给客户端等。从直燃机烟气出管路24排出的烟气进入烟气换热器4换热后,通过直燃机烟气显热换后出管路25进入烟气冷凝式换热器3,由于来自管路25的烟气温度较低,经过烟气冷凝式换热器3烟气被冷凝后从烟气排气管26排出。吸收式直燃机1的制冷能力较强,管路24中的烟气无法满足其余热需求,故引冷却水输入支路入22,冷却水与来自支路15的冷冻水换热后冷却通过冷却水输出支路23离开本发明装置。系统中跨线16是为了为跨线调节,使本发明装置在使用时温度分布合理或在故障状况下切换。Discharge flue gas from absorption
为进一步理解本发明,对本发明出现的相关术语解释如下:For further understanding of the present invention, the related term that the present invention occurs is explained as follows:
吸收式直燃机:吸收式直燃机是采用可燃气体直接燃烧,提供制冷、采暖和卫生热水。制冷工况时,一般以水为制冷介质,通过溴化锂溶液的低温吸收和高温解吸完成制冷循环。制热工况时,则类似于余热锅炉,将燃气燃烧的热量通过溴化锂溶液的循环直接传导给采暖水。Absorption direct-fired engine: Absorption direct-fired engine uses combustible gas to burn directly to provide refrigeration, heating and sanitary hot water. In refrigeration conditions, water is generally used as the refrigeration medium, and the refrigeration cycle is completed through low-temperature absorption and high-temperature desorption of lithium bromide solution. In the heating condition, it is similar to the waste heat boiler, and the heat of gas combustion is directly transferred to the heating water through the circulation of lithium bromide solution.
烟气:各种可燃气体或燃油在吸收式直燃机内燃烧形成的高温气体产物,被直燃机利用后的烟气仍含有一定的显热和大量的冷凝潜热。Flue gas: High-temperature gas products formed by the combustion of various combustible gases or fuel oil in the absorption direct-fired engine. The flue gas utilized by the direct-fired engine still contains a certain amount of sensible heat and a large amount of latent heat of condensation.
循环冷却水:在工业中广泛使用的用于为装置降温的循环水。从冷却水凉水塔降温的冷却水通过冷却水管网向待降温的装置中输送,升温后返回再降温重复利用。Circulating cooling water: Circulating water widely used in industry to cool down equipment. The cooling water cooled from the cooling water cooling tower is transported to the device to be cooled through the cooling water pipe network, and returned after heating up and then cooled down for reuse.
烟气换热器:采用水或其它介质与烟气进行热量交换的换热设备,一般为列管式或板式换热器,形体较大,主要吸收烟气的显热。Flue gas heat exchanger: heat exchange equipment that uses water or other media to exchange heat with flue gas. It is generally a tube-and-tube or plate heat exchanger with a large body that mainly absorbs the sensible heat of flue gas.
冷凝式换热器:采用水或其它介质与接近露点的烟气进行热量交换的换热设备,一般为不锈钢材质的板式换热器,形体相对较小,主要吸收烟气的潜热。它设有疏水装置,可将烟气冷凝液排出。Condensing heat exchanger: heat exchange equipment that uses water or other media to exchange heat with flue gas close to the dew point. It is generally a stainless steel plate heat exchanger with a relatively small body and mainly absorbs the latent heat of flue gas. It is equipped with a hydrophobic device to discharge the flue gas condensate.
循环冷却水换热器:冷热介质均为水的换热设备,绝大多数为板式换热器,是一种常见的体积较小、效率很高的换热器,多为不锈钢材质。Circulating cooling water heat exchanger: Heat exchange equipment in which both hot and cold media are water, most of which are plate heat exchangers, which are common heat exchangers with small volume and high efficiency, mostly made of stainless steel.
参见附图2,以220kw-230kw燃气在吸收式直燃机1产生热能210kw(或冷能210kw)为例,烟气换热器4从烟气吸收显热30kw,烟气冷凝式换热器3从烟气吸收潜热35kw,通过循环冷却水换热器2从循环冷却废水吸收冷能160kw。上述所有吸收的能量相当于进入直燃机1的燃气热量的约150%(这个数值是根据燃气低热值计算的)。相比较而言,在同样条件下,在图1示出现有技术中,其采暖效率是90%。Referring to accompanying drawing 2, taking 220kw-230kw gas to generate heat energy 210kw (or cold energy 210kw) in absorption
综上,本发明对吸收式直燃机在制冷模式下排出的烟气,采用烟气换热器进行显热回收,以及采用烟气冷凝式换热器对回收显热后的烟气进行潜热回收,这种采用烟气两段式换热方式分别回收烟气显热和潜热的方案,实现了对吸收式直燃机的低品位余热进行梯级回收。进一步,由于将用以与烟气换热的换热器分为显热和潜热两型换热器(即,所述的烟气换热器和所述的烟气冷凝式换热器)不仅可有效利用烟气余热,对换热器的设计、材质和流程控制的要求也相应降低,经济性较好。另外,本发明还引入辅助循环冷却水换热器,以将外循环冷却水中的热量作为附加热量送入吸收式直燃机的循环冷冻水中,这解决了现有技术中由于直燃机烟气热量与其额定热功率不匹配而造成的浪费,即解决现有技术中烟气余热不足以补偿直燃机额定制冷功率的问题。由此,当吸收式直燃机在采暖季运行在制冷模式下时,本发明可以将烟气带走的热量全部回收,不仅如此,上述的外循环冷却水带来的废热还可为本发明提供近一半的热量,使之提升为可以直接应用的采暖热量,本发明的热效率可大幅提高。从而本发明明显提高了直燃机的余热利用能力和供热能力、并且使得对本发明装置的控制调节更为灵活。To sum up, the present invention uses a flue gas heat exchanger to recover sensible heat from the flue gas discharged from the absorption direct combustion engine in refrigeration mode, and uses a flue gas condensation heat exchanger to perform latent heat recovery on the flue gas after sensible heat recovery. Recovery, this scheme adopts flue gas two-stage heat exchange method to recover flue gas sensible heat and latent heat respectively, and realizes cascaded recovery of low-grade waste heat of absorption direct combustion engine. Further, because the heat exchanger used for exchanging heat with flue gas is divided into sensible heat and latent heat heat exchangers (ie, the flue gas heat exchanger and the flue gas condensing heat exchanger) not only The waste heat of the flue gas can be effectively used, and the requirements for the design, material and process control of the heat exchanger are correspondingly reduced, and the economy is better. In addition, the present invention also introduces an auxiliary circulating cooling water heat exchanger to send the heat in the external circulating cooling water into the circulating chilled water of the absorption direct-fired engine as additional heat, which solves the problem in the prior art that the direct-fired engine flue gas The waste caused by the mismatch of heat and its rated thermal power is to solve the problem in the prior art that the waste heat of the flue gas is not enough to compensate the rated cooling power of the direct-fired engine. Thus, when the absorption direct-fired engine operates in the cooling mode in the heating season, the present invention can recover all the heat taken away by the flue gas. Not only that, the waste heat brought by the above-mentioned external circulation cooling water can also be used by the present invention Nearly half of the heat is provided to upgrade it to heating heat that can be directly applied, and the thermal efficiency of the invention can be greatly improved. Therefore, the present invention obviously improves the waste heat utilization capacity and heat supply capacity of the direct combustion engine, and makes the control and adjustment of the device of the present invention more flexible.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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Application publication date: 20130703 |
